SIST EN 16028:2012
(Main)Railway appllications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications
Railway appllications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications
This European Standard specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the wheelrail interface between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner (active interface) applied either directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or to the rail to achieve an acceptable level of friction and wear. It covers the approval procedure, the method of testing and quality control/ monitoring of the lubrica.
Bahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prüfung der Schmiermittel
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an Schmierstoffe fest, die für die Schmierung der Kontakt-fläche zwischen Spurkranz und der Schienenkopfflanke (aktive Kontaktfläche) vorgesehen sind und die entweder direkt oder indirekt auf den Spurkranz oder die Schiene aufgetragen werden, um einen akzeptablen Grad von Reibung und Verschleiß zu erreichen.
Sie deckt das Freigabeverfahren, die Art der Prüfung sowie die Betriebskontrolle/Überwachung des Schmierstoffes ab.
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Lubrifiants pour les applications embarquées et fixes de voie
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences des lubrifiants destinés à la lubrification de l’interface roue-rail entre le boudin de roue et le rayon de guidage de rail (interface active) appliqué directement ou indirectement au boudin de roue ou au rail pour permettre un niveau acceptable de frottement et d’usure.
Elle couvre la procédure d’approbation, la méthode d’essai et le contrôle/la surveillance de la qualité du lubrifiant.
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo/tirnica - Maziva za mazalke na vozilih in za tirne mazalke
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve glede maziv za mazanje vmesnika kolo/tirnica med kolesno prirobnico in kotom tirne širine (aktivni vmesnik), ki se nanese neposredno ali posredno na kolesno prirobnico ali na tirnico, da bi se dosegla sprejemljiva raven trenja in obrabe. Vključuje postopek odobritve, preskusno metodo in nadzor kakovosti/spremljanje maziva.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo/tirnica - Maziva za mazalke na vozilih in za tirne mazalkeBahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prüfung der SchmiermittelApplications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Lubrifiants pour les applications embarquées et fixes de voieRailway appllications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications75.100MazivaLubricants, industrial oils and related products45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16028:2012SIST EN 16028:2012en,fr01-oktober-2012SIST EN 16028:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16028:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16028
July 2012 ICS 45.040; 75.100 English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Lubrifiants pour les applications embarquées et fixes de voie
Bahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prüfung der Schmierstoffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16028:2012: ESIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4Introduction . 51Scope. 62Normative references . 63Terms and definitions . 94Legislative compliance . 105Approval procedure . 106Control and monitoring of product . 116.1Manufacturing process. 116.2Type tests . 126.3Routine tests . 127Technical datasheet . 128Tests . 128.1Explanation of Annex A: Tables A.1 to A.4 . 128.2 Key to Annex A table columns ‘Type’, ‘Routine’ and ‘Datasheet’ . 138.3 Key to Annex A table column ‘Use’ . 139Packaging, labelling and storage . 13Annex A (normative)
Requirements for lubricants and testing . 15Annex B (normative)
Water wash-off test . 27B.1Purpose . 27B.2Short description . 27B.3Conditions for testing . 27B.4Test process . 27Annex C (informative)
Corrosion test on steel . 30C.1Purpose . 30C.2Short description . 30C.3Conditions for testing . 30C.4Test process . 31Annex D (informative)
Behaviour at an elevated temperature – Adhesion on steel sheet . 32D.1Purpose . 32D.2Short description . 32D.3Conditions for test . 32D.4Test process . 32Annex E (informative)
Determination of the volatile constituents in greases . 34E.1Purpose . 34E.2Short description . 34E.3Conditions for testing . 34E.4Test process . 35E.5Recording of test results . 35Annex F (informative)
Peak forming and droop . 36F.1Purpose . 36F.2Short description . 36F.3Conditions for testing . 36F.4Test process . 36SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 3 Annex G (informative)
Low-temperature torque (rheometer measurement at -20 °C and -30 °C) . 39G.1Purpose . 39G.2Short description . 39G.3Conditions for test . 39G.4Test process . 40Annex H (informative)
Miscibility with flange/rail lubricants in use – greases . 43H.1Purpose . 43H.2Short description . 43H.3Conditions for testing . 43H.4Test process . 44Annex I (informative)
Miscibility with flange/rail lubricants in use – oils . 45I.1Purpose . 45I.2Short description . 45I.3Conditions for testing . 45I.4Test process . 46Annex J (informative)
Determination of low temperature cone penetration of greases . 47J.1Purpose . 47J.2Short description . 47J.3Conditions for test . 47J.4Test process . 47Annex K (informative)
Functional test on specific equipment . 49K.1General . 49K.2Flowing behaviour of wheel-flange greases . 49K.3Test of spraying of oils at various temperatures . 51Annex L (informative)
Solid stick testing on twin-disc machine . 55L.1Purpose . 55L.2Short description . 55L.3Conditions for test . 55L.4Test process . 58L.5Test results . 58Annex M (informative)
Lubricant product performance - Field assessment . 60M.1General . 60M.2Product performance assessment . 60Bibliography . 61 SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16028:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 5 Introduction Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a complex subject and includes the following aspects: lubrication of the wheel flange/rail gauge corner (active interface), commonly referred to as “flange or rail lubrication”; friction modification of the top of rail/wheel tread interface, commonly referred to as “top of rail friction management”. This European Standard sets out requirements for the lubricant for flange or rail lubrication. It specifies requirements for the lubricant, how to test it and how to approve it. Lubricants should be tested to confirm there is: compatibility with lubricating systems; no intolerable increased risk of fire; no harmful environmental effects; no incompatibility between the different lubricants in use, particularly between solid and fluid systems; satisfactory and consistent product quality and performance. The main purpose of the lubricant is to reduce friction and wear, and keep them at an acceptable level. The content is based on current experience and should not exclude developments that can be later incorporated at reissue. SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the wheel-rail interface between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner (active interface) applied either directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or to the rail to achieve an acceptable level of friction and wear. It covers the approval procedure, the method of testing and routine control/monitoring of the lubricant. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10130, Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming — Technical delivery conditions EN 15427, Railway appllications — Wheel/rail friction management — Flange lubrication EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868) EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1) EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test (ISO 2160) EN ISO 2592, Petroleum products — Determination of flash and fire points — Cleveland open cup method (ISO 2592) EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104) EN ISO 3146, Plastics — Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods (ISO 3146) EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density — Hydrometer method (ISO 3675) EN ISO 4589-1, Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index — Part 1: Guidance (ISO 4589-1) EN ISO 4589-2, Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index — Ambient temperature test (ISO 4589-2) EN ISO 5659-1, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 1: Guidance on optical-density testing
(ISO 5659-1) EN ISO 5659-2, Plastics — Smoke generation — Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2) ISO/TR 5659-3, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 3: Determination of optical density by a dynamic-flow method EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube method (ISO 12185) SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 7 EN ISO 20623, Petroleum and its products — Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properties of fluids — Four ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623) ISO 760, Determination of water — Karl Fischer method (General method)
ISO 2049, Petroleum products — Determination of colour (ASTM scale) ISO 2137, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of cone penetration of lubricating greases and petrolatum ISO 2176, Petroleum products — Lubricating grease — Determination of dropping point ISO 3016, Petroleum products — Determination of pour point ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method ISO 6072,Rubber — Compatibility between hydraulic fluids and standard elastomeric materials ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification — Part 99: General ISO 7120, Petroleum products and lubricants — Petroleum oils and other fluids — Determination of rust-preventing characteristics in the presence of water ISO 9772, Cellular plastics — Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame ISO 11007, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of rust-prevention characteristics of lubricating greases DIN 51350-4, Testing of lubricants — Testing by the Shell four-ball tester — Determination of welding load of consistent lubricants DIN 51350-5, Testing of lubricants — Testing by the Shell four-ball tester — Determination of wear data for consistent lubricants DIN 51398, Testing of lubricants — Procedure for measurement of low temperature apparent viscosity by means of the Brookfield viscometer (liquid bath method) DIN 51418-1, X-ray spectrometry — X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) —
Part 1: Definitions and principles DIN 51418-2, X-ray spectrometry — X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) —
Part 2: Definitions and basic principles for measurements, calibration and evaluation of results DIN 51451, Testing of petroleum products and related products — Analysis by infrared spectrometry — General working principles DIN 51631, Mineral spirits — Special boiling point spirits — Requirements DIN 51777-2, Testing of mineral oil-hydrocarbons and solvents — Determination of the water content according to Karl Fischer (indirect method) DIN 51805, Testing of lubricants — Determination of flow pressure of lubricating greases — Kesternich method DIN 51807-1, Testing of lubricants — Test of the behaviour of lubricating greases in the presence of water — Static test SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 8 DIN 51810-1, Testing of lubricants — Determination of shear viscosity of lubricating greases by the rotational viscosimeter – Part 1: System of cone / plate DIN 51811, Testing of lubricants — Testing of corrosiveness to copper of greases — Copper strip tarnish test DIN 51817, Testing of lubricants — Determination of oil separation from greases under static conditions DIN 51820-1, Testing of lubricants — Analysis of greases by infrared spectrometry — Taking and evaluating an infrared spectrum ASTM D1831, Standard Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease ASTM D4049, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to Water Spray IP 396, Determination of dropping point of lubricating grease — Automatic apparatus method OECD 301 suite OECD Document Equivalent Standard 301a EN ISO 7827, Water quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate' aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds — Method by analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (ISO 7827) 301b EN ISO 9439, Water quality — Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium — Carbon dioxide evolution test (ISO 9439) 301c Nil 301d EN ISO 10707, Water quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate' aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds — Method by analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (closed bottle test) (ISO 10707) 301e EN ISO 7827, Water quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate' aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds — Method by analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (ISO 7827) 301f EN ISO 9408, Water quality — Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium by determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 9408) SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 9 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 lubricant substance that is designed to lower friction and wear 3.2 oil liquid lubricant Note 1 to entry: Oil can be mineral, natural or synthetic in origin and can have additives included. 3.3 grease semi-solid lubricant Note 1 to entry: Grease consists of a thickener and additives integrated in a lubricating oil. 3.4 stick encapsulated solid lubricant Note 1 to entry: Typically, the stick is comprised of a solid lubricant which is encapsulated in a polymeric binder/carrier. The product is designed for direct contact with a rotating wheel flange; the polymeric binder has a sufficiently high melting point such that it does not melt but rather wears when in contact with the wheel flange to ensure dimensional stability. 3.5 batch entire content of a single identified production of lubricant from the same manufacturing process 3.6 active interface contact area between the wheel flange root and the rail gauge side corner Note 1 to entry: For more information on this definition, see EN 15427. 3.7 flange lubrication lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the wheel flange 3.8 rail lubrication lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the rail gauge side face 3.9 Lubricant Application Unit (LAU) component of the lubrication system (trainborne or trackside) that delivers lubricant to the active interface Note 1 to entry: This includes spray nozzles, trackside grease distribution units/blades, stick applicators, etc. 3.10 lubrication system components required to apply lubricant to the active interface SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 10 Note 1 to entry: A lubrication system can include one or more Lubricant Application Units, a reservoir unit, pump and/or a control device. 3.11 trainborne type of lubrication system installed on a train 3.12 trackside type of lubrication system installed on or adjacent to the track 3.13 customer railway undertaking, infrastructure owner, manufacturer or buyer of railway products or subassemblies, or their representative 3.14 supplier supplier of lubricants Note 1 to entry: A supplier might also be the manufacturer of the product. 3.15 product specification document prepared by the customer that describes the conditions and requirements for the lubricant to meet 4 Legislative compliance Where legislation and regulations (European, national or local) concerning ecological and environmental compatibility of lubricants (biodegrability, toxicity, etc.) are applicable, consideration will need to be given to the relevant requirements. The lubricant should be non hazardous and/or non-toxic and should not contain, for example, solvents, lead or any other noxious material. The product should preferably be bio-degradable, as defined in Tables A.1 to A.3. 5 Approval procedure 5.1 General The approval process is undertaken in four stages. Approval given by another customer may be applied during any or all of this approval process. If after any stage the requirements are not met, a decision shall be made to decide whether or not to cease with the approval process. 5.2 Stage 1 – Product specification The product specification shall be fully documented and shall include the following information: a) relevant application data, including equipment types, operating
temperatures, route information etc.; NOTE The typical operating temperature range to take into account is from -25 °C to +80 °C. SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 11 b) type tests for approval of the lubricant (see Clause 6 and Tables A.1 to A.3); c) additional validation tests (see Table A.4); d) conditions for delivery, packaging and marking (see Clause 9); e) routine tests for production batches (see Clause 8 and Tables A.1 to A.4) and their frequency. Additional requirements may be included such as access to test records, retention of samples, witnessing of tests etc. 5.3 Stage 2 – Presentation of technical data file A file of technical data showing compliance with the requirements in the product specification and the results of type tests and trials shall be presented. A safety data sheet for the product in the language of the interested customer or country shall be included. Refer to European Directive EC1907/2006 (REACH). 5.4 Stage 3 – Validation tests If required by the product specification, the functional characteristics of the lubricant shall be verified by type tests and inspections, usually in a laboratory situation. The results shall be recorded. If required by the product specification, specific, in-service or field trials shall be carried out to verify that the lubricant complies with the requirements in the product specification. The results shall be recorded. For specific tests the lubricant is tested on a specified piece of equipment, usually in the laboratory. Where in-service or field trials are carried out they should be over a time period that will determine the lubricant’s performance in as close to normal service conditions as possible. This should also be over at least a hot and cold season and for a typical range of weather. 5.5 Stage 4 – Decision The approval of the product can be granted by the customer only if all the stages of the procedure and the following are satisfied: technical documents have been approved; characteristics conform with the requirements laid down in this European Standard and in the product specification; functional and in-service trials have been satisfactory. 6 Control and monitoring of product 6.1 Manufacturing process The manufacturing process of the standard production of the lubricant shall be the same as that applied for the product submitted for approval. If the manufacturing process is changed in any way, it shall be documented and the customer shall be notified. NOTE In some cases, this leads to a new approval being required. SIST EN 16028:2012
EN 16028:2012 (E) 12 6.2 Type tests The purpose of thes
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16028:2010
01-marec-2010
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo/tirnica - Maziva za mazalke na vozilih in
za tirne mazalke
Railway appllications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and
trackside applications
Bahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prüfung der Schmiermittel
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Lubrifiants pour les
applications embarquées et fixes de voie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16028
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
75.100 Maziva Lubricants, industrial oils and
related products
oSIST prEN 16028:2010 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 16028
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2009
ICS
English Version
Railway appllications - Wheel/rail friction management -
Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion du frottement roue/rail - Bahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prüfung der
Méthodes d'essai des lubrifiants flasque/rail Schmiermittel
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16028:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
prEN 16028:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Restriction of lubricants . 10
5 Information and requirements to be agreed and documented. 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Information to be provided by the customer . 10
5.3 Information to be provided by the supplier . 10
5.4 Requirements for agreement . 11
6 Approval of lubricants . 11
6.1 Introduction . 11
6.2 Approval procedure . 12
7 Requirements for lubricants . 14
7.2 Grease type lubricant characteristics . 14
7.3 Oil type lubricant characteristics . 14
7.4 Solid type lubricant characteristics . 14
8 Approval testing . 14
8.1 Approval Tests . 14
8.2 Explanation of test tables . 15
9 Quality Assurance . 15
9.1 Qualification . 15
9.2 Manufacturing procedure . 15
10 Customer acceptance of approved lubricants . 16
10.1 General . 16
10.2 Test methods . 16
10.3 Conclusions drawn from the tests . 16
11 Packaging, labelling and storage . 16
Annex A (normative) Water wash-off test . 30
A.1 Purpose . 30
A.2 Short description . 30
A.3 Conditions for testing . 30
A.4 Test process . 30
Annex B (normative) Corrosion test on steel . 32
B.1 Purpose . 32
B.2 Short description . 32
B.3 Conditions for testing . 32
B.4 Test process . 33
B.5 Test results . 33
Annex C (normative) Behaviour at an elevated temperature – Adhesion on steel sheet . 34
C.1 Purpose . 34
C.2 Short description . 34
C.3 Conditions for test . 34
C.4 Test process . 34
2
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
prEN 16028:2009 (E)
Annex D (normative) Determination of the volatile matters in greases . 36
D.1 Purpose . 36
D.2 Short description . 36
D.3 Conditions for testing . 36
D.4 Test process . 36
D.5 Test results . 37
D.6 Accuracy of the test procedure . 37
Annex E (informative) Peak forming and droop . 38
E.1 Purpose . 38
E.2 Short description . 38
E.3 Conditions for testing . 38
E.4 Test process . 38
Annex F (informative) Low-temperature torque (rheometer measurement at -20 and -30 °C) . 41
F.1 Purpose . 41
F.2 Short description . 41
F.3 Conditions for test . 41
F.4 Test process . 42
F.5 Test results . 43
F.6 Reporting test results . 43
Annex G (informative) Miscibility with flange/rail lubricants used by customer – greases . 45
G.1 Purpose . 45
G.2 Short description . 45
G.3 Conditions for testing . 45
G.4 Test process . 46
G.5 Test results . 47
Annex H (informative Miscibility with flange/rail lubricants used by customer – oils . 48
H.1 Purpose . 48
H.2 Short description . 48
H.3 Conditions for testing . 48
H.4 Test process . 48
Annex I (informative) Fling off tests . 50
I.1 Introduction . 50
I.2 Method 1 – Measuring migration up flange face . 50
I.3 Method 2 – Quantity lost (fling-off) . 50
Annex J (informative) Functional test on specific equipment . 51
J.1 General . 51
J.2 Flowing behaviour of wheel-flange greases . 51
J.3 Test of spraying of oils at various temperatures . 54
Annex K (informative) Solid Stick Testing On Twin-Disc Machine. 58
K.1 Purpose . 58
K.2 Short description . 58
K.3 Conditions for test . 60
K.4 Test process . 61
K.5 Test results . 63
Annex L (informative) Procedure how to test on board lubrication . 64
L.1 General . 64
L.2 Equipment Performance Assessment . 64
L.3 Product Performance Assessment . 64
Annex M (informative) Determination of shelf life of solid stick lubricants . 66
Annex N (informative) Specific equipment test . 67
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. . 68
Bibliography . 69
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
prEN 16028:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 16028:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
4
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
prEN 16028:2009 (E)
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes:
lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or rail
lubrication”,
friction modification of the top of rail / wheel tread interface, commonly referred to as “top of rail
friction management”.
This part of this standard EN sets out requirements for the lubricant for flange or rail lubrication. It
describes requirements for the lubricant, how to test it and how to approve it.
There needs to be tests made on the lubricant such that there is:
compatibility with lubricating systems
no intolerable increased risk of fire,
no harmful environmental effect,
no incompatibility between the different lubricants in use, particularly, between solid and fluid
systems
consistent product quality and performance.
The main purpose of the lubricant is to reduce friction and wear and keep them to an acceptable level.
5
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
prEN 16028:2009 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the wheel-
rail interface between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner (active interface) applied either
directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or to the rail to achieve an acceptable level of friction and
wear.
It covers the approval procedure, the method of testing and quality control/ monitoring of the lubricant
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10130, Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery conditions
EN 22592, Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products. Determination of flash
and fire points. Cleveland open cup method
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite -- Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer
(Shore hardness)
EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products. Corrosiveness to copper. Copper strip test
EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes -- Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20
degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees
EN ISO 3104, Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products. Transparent and
opaque liquids. Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
EN ISO 3146, Plastics -- Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of
semi-crystalline polymers
EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products. Laboratory determination of density.
Hydrometer method
EN ISO-4589-part 1, Plastics. Determination of Burning Behaviour by Oxygen Index - Guidance
EN ISO-4589-part 2, Plastics. Determination of Burning Behaviour by Oxygen Index – Ambient
Temperature Test
EN ISO 5659-1, Plastics -- Smoke generation -- Part 1: Guidance on optical-density testing
EN ISO 5659-2, Plastics. Smoke generation. Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
EN ISO 5659-3, Plastics -- Smoke generation -- Part 3: Determination of optical density by a dynamic-
flow method
EN ISO 12185, Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Crude petroleum and petroleum
products. Determination of density. Oscillating U-tube method
EN ISO 20623, Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Determination of the extreme-pressure
and anti-wear properties of fluids Four ball method (European conditions)
6
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
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ISO 760, Determination of water -- Karl Fischer method (General method)
ISO 2049, Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products. Determination of
colour (ASTM scale)
ISO 2137, Mineral oil products – lubricating grease and petroleum jelly: determination of the cone
penetration
ISO 2176, Mineral oil products – lubricating grease: determination of the drop point
ISO 3016, Petroleum Products - Determination of Pour Point
ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials -- Determination of water -- Distillation
method
ISO 6072, Hydraulic Fluid Power - Compatibility between Fluids and Standard Elastomeric Materials
ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L). Classification. General
ISO 7120, Petroleum products and lubricants -- Petroleum oils and other fluids -- Determination of
rust-preventing characteristics in the presence of water
ISO 9772, Cellular plastics — Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens
subjected to a small flame
ISO 11007, Petroleum products and lubricants – Determination of rust-prevention characteristics of
lubricating greases
ISO-13737, Petroleum products and lubricants — Determination of low-temperature cone penetration
of lubricating greases
DIN 51418-1, X-ray spectometry – X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) Part 1:
Definitions and principles
DIN 51418-2, X-ray spectometry – X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) Part 2:
Definitions and basic principles for measurements, calibration and evaluation of results
DIN 51451, Testing of petroleum products and related products – Analysis by infrared spectrometry –
General working principles
DIN 51820-1, Testing of lubricants – Analysis of greases by infrared spectrometry –Taking and
evaluating an infrared spectrum
DIN 51350-1, Testing of lubricants – Testing in the Shell four-ball tester – General working principles
DIN 51350-4, Testing of lubricants; testing by the Shell four-ball tester; determination of welding load
of consistent lubricants
DIN 51350-5, Testing of lubricants;testing by the Shell four-ball tester; determination of wear data for
consistent lubricants
DIN 51398, Testing of lubricants; procedure for measurement of low temperature apparent viscosity
by means of the Brookfield viscometer (liquid bath method)
DIN 51631, Mineral spirits - Special boiling point spirits – Requirements
DIN 51777-2, Testing of mineral oil-hydrocarbons and solvents; Determination of the water content
according to Karl Fischer (indirect method)
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oSIST prEN 16028:2010
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DIN 51805, Testing of lubricants; determination of flow pressure of lubricating greases, Kesternich
method
DIN 51807-1, Testing of lubricants – Test of the behaviour of lubricating greases in the presence of
water: Static test
DIN 51810-1, Testing of lubricants – Determination of shear viscosity of lubricating greases by the
rotational viscosimeter – Part 1: System of cone and plate
DIN 51811, Testing of lubricants – Testing of corrosiveness to copper of greases – copper strip
tarnish test
DIN 51817, Testing of lubricants; Determination of oil separation from greases under static conditions
DIN 51834-1, Testing of lubricants - Tribological test in the translatory oscillation apparatus - Part 1:
General working principles
DIN 51834-2, Testing of lubricants - Tribological test in the translatory oscillation apparatus - Part 2:
Determination of friction and wear data for lubricating oils
NF T 60-152, Produits pétroliers - Mesure de la viscosité à basse température au moyen du
viscosimètre Brookfield. Méthode à bain liquide. (Petroleum products. Measurement of the viscosity at
low temperatures using a Brookfield viscosity meter. Liquid bath method.)
ASTM D1831, Standard Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
ASTM D4049, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to Water
Spray
OECD 301 suite
OECD Equivalent Standard
Document
301a EN ISO 7827, Water quality. Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate'
aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds. Method by analysis of dissolved
organic carbon (DOC)
301b EN 29439, Water quality. Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic
compounds in aqueous medium. Carbon dioxide evolution test
301c Nil
301d EN ISO 10707, Water quality. Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate'
aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds. Method by analysis of biochemical
oxygen demand (closed bottle test)
301e EN ISO 7827, Water quality. Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the 'ultimate'
aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds. Method by analysis of dissolved
organic carbon (DOC)
301f EN ISO 9408, Water quality. Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic
compounds in aqueous medium by determination of oxygen demand in a closed
respirometer
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
lubricant
substance that is designed to lower friction and wear
3.2
oil
liquid lubricant, of mineral, native or synthetic origin which can have additives included
3.3
grease
semi-solid lubricant
NOTE Grease consists of a thickener and additives dispersed in a lubricating oil.
3.4
stick
encapsulated solid lubricant
NOTE The stick is in, typically, a polymeric binder/carrier. The product is designed for direct contact with a
rotating wheel flange; the polymeric binder has a sufficiently high melting point such that it does not melt but
rather wears when in contact with the wheel flange.
3.5
batch
entire content of a single identified production of lubricant from the same manufacturing process
3.6
active interface
contact area between wheel flange root and rail gauge side corner
3.7
flange lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the wheel flange
3.8
rail lubrication
lubrication of the active interface by applying a lubricant to the rail gauge side face
3.9
lubricant application unit (LAU)
component of the lubrication system (trainborne or trackside) that delivers the lubricant to the active
interface
NOTE This includes stick applicators, spray nozzles, trackside Grease Distribution Units/blades, etc.
3.10
lubrication system
components required to apply lubricant to the active interface
NOTE that can include one or more Lubricant Application Units, a reservoir unit, pump and/or a control
device
3.11
trainborne equipment
lubrication system installed on the train
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3.12
trackside equipment
lubrication system installed on or adjacent to the track
3.13
customer
railway undertaking, manufacturer or buyer of railway rolling stock or subassemblies, or their
representative
3.14
supplier
supplier of lubricants under his responsibility
3.15
manufacturer
manufacturer of lubricants under his responsibility
NOTE A manufacturer may also be the s
...
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