SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
(Main)Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes (ISO 15854:2021)
Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes (ISO 15854:2021)
This document specifies the classification of and requirements for dental casting and dental baseplate
waxes together with the test methods to be employed to determine compliance with these requirements.
This document does not apply to waxes supplied for additive manufacturing or CAD/CAM-based
procedures.
Zahnheilkunde - Guss- und Basisplattenwachse (ISO 15854:2021)
Dieses Dokument gilt für Wache, die für den Dentalguss und als dentale Basisplatten verwendet werden. Festgelegt werden die Einteilung von und die Anforderungen an derartige Wachse sowie die anzuwendenden Prüfverfahren, damit die Übereinstimmung mit diesen Anforderungen festgestellt werden kann. Wachse für den 3D-Druck oder für CAD-/CAM-basierte Verfahren liegen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereiches.
Art dentaire - Cires pour coulée et pour plaque de base (ISO 15854:2021)
Le présent document spécifie la classification et les exigences relatives aux cires dentaires pour coulée et pour plaque de base ainsi que les méthodes d'essai à appliquer pour déterminer la conformité à ces exigences.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux cires fournies pour la fabrication additive ou les procédures de CFAO.
Zobozdravstvo - Voski za odlitke in podstavke (ISO 15854:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
01-april-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 15854:2005
Zobozdravstvo - Voski za odlitke in podstavke (ISO 15854:2021)
Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes (ISO 15854:2021)
Zahnheilkunde - Guss- und Basisplattenwachse (ISO 15854:2021)
Art dentaire - Cires pour coulée et pour plaque de base (ISO 15854:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15854:2021
ICS:
11.060.10 Zobotehnični materiali Dental materials
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
EN ISO 15854
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 15854:2005
English Version
Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes (ISO 15854:2021)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Cires pour coulée et pour Zahnheilkunde - Guss- und Basisplattenwachse (ISO
plaque de base (ISO 15854:2021) 15854:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15854:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
EN ISO 15854:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
EN ISO 15854:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 15854:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15854:2005.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15854:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15854:2021 without any modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15854
Second edition
2021-01
Dentistry — Casting and baseplate
waxes
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Cires pour coulée et pour plaque de base
Reference number
ISO 15854:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification . 2
5 Requirements . 2
5.1 Appearance . 2
5.2 Flow . 2
5.3 Behaviour on trimming . 2
5.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1) . 2
5.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2) . 2
5.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2) . 3
5.7 Residue on artificial teeth (Type 2) . . 3
5.8 Behaviour of colouring material (Type 2) . 3
5.9 Adhesion on storage (Type 2) . 3
5.10 Residue on ignition (Type 1). 3
5.11 Biocompatibility . 3
6 Sampling . 3
7 Test methods — General. 3
7.1 Ambient temperature . 3
7.2 Apparatus function verification . 4
8 Test methods — Specific . 4
8.1 Visual inspection . 4
8.2 Flow . 4
8.2.1 Principle . 4
8.2.2 Apparatus . 4
8.2.3 Preparation of test pieces. 8
8.2.4 Procedure . 9
8.2.5 Expression of results and evaluation .10
8.3 Behaviour on trimming .10
8.3.1 Principle .10
8.3.2 Apparatus .10
8.3.3 Procedure .10
8.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1) .10
8.4.1 Principle .10
8.4.2 Apparatus .11
8.4.3 Procedure .11
8.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2) .11
8.5.1 Principle .11
8.5.2 Procedure .11
8.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2) .11
8.6.1 Principle .11
8.6.2 Apparatus .11
8.6.3 Procedure .11
8.7 Residue on artificial teeth and behaviour of wax colouring material (Type 2) .12
8.7.1 Principle .12
8.7.2 Apparatus .12
8.7.3 Procedure .12
8.8 Adhesion on storage (Type 2) .13
8.8.1 Principle .13
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
8.8.2 Apparatus .13
8.8.3 Procedure .13
8.9 Residue on ignition (Type 1).14
8.9.1 Principle .14
8.9.2 Apparatus .14
8.9.3 Procedure .14
9 Marking and packaging .15
9.1 Marking .15
9.2 Packaging .15
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Determination of the melting point of wax .17
Bibliography .19
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15854:2005), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the requirement for separating paper for baseplate wax sheets has been revised;
— the statement of the requirement for residue on ignition for casting wax has been revised;
— the mass of wax used for the residue on ignition test has been increased to 10 g;
— the use of a mandrel for the delamination test has been revised;
— clarification has been given on the procedural detail in most tests;
— specification of the content of the required report has been added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
Introduction
This document does not include specific and quantitative requirements for freedom from biological
hazards. It is recommended that, in assessing possible biological or toxicological hazards, reference be
made to ISO 7405 and ISO 10993-1.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15854:2021(E)
Dentistry — Casting and baseplate waxes
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification of and requirements for dental casting and dental baseplate
waxes together with the test methods to be employed to determine compliance with these requirements.
This document does not apply to waxes supplied for additive manufacturing or CAD/CAM-based
procedures.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 6873, Dentistry — Gypsum products
ISO 8601-1, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules
ISO 8601-2, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 2: Extensions
ISO 22112, Dentistry — Artificial teeth for dental prostheses
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
casting wax
mouldable material with minimal residue on ignition suitable primarily for shaping patterns in the
production of cast restorations using the “lost-wax” technique
3.2
baseplate wax
mouldable material primarily for forming occlusion rims, positioning and retaining artificial teeth
therein, and shaping patterns that are duplicated in the denture base polymer
3.3
melting point
temperature above which no solid material exists at equilibrium
Note 1 to entry: For the practical purposes of this document, the melting point and the freezing point shall be
considered as being the same.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
4 Classification
Dental waxes covered by this document are classified according to the flow characteristics that
represent their hardness, as follows:
a) Type 1 (casting wax):
1) Class 1 Soft;
2) Class 2 Hard;
b) Type 2 (baseplate wax):
1) Class 1 Soft;
2) Class 2 Hard;
3) Class 3 Extra hard.
5 Requirements
5.1 Appearance
The wax shall be uniform in colour, supplied in pieces of uniform size, of smooth texture and free of
foreign materials. Test in accordance with 8.1.
5.2 Flow
The wax when tested in accordance with 8.2 shall have flow values conforming with the appropriate
requirements in Table 1.
Table 1 — Flow requirements percentages
Type 1 Type 2
Temperature
Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
°C
min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max.
23,0 ± 0,2 — — — — — 1,0 — 0,6 — 0,2
30,0 ± 0,2 — 1,0 — — — — — — — —
37,0 ± 0,1 — — — 1,0 5,0 90,0 — 10,0 — 1,2
40,0 ± 0,1 50,0 — — 20,0 — — — — — —
45,0 ± 0,1 70,0 90,0 70,0 90,0 — — 50,0 90,0 5,0 50,0
— not required
5.3 Behaviour on trimming
The wax shall be capable of being trimmed without chipping, flaking, or other undesirable behaviour
when tested in accordance with 8.3.
5.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1)
The wax shall soften without flaking or crumbling and shall cohere readily when tested in accordance
with 8.4.
5.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2)
The wax shall present a smooth glossy surface when tested in accordance with 8.5.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
5.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2)
The wax shall soften without becoming sticky or crumbly and shall be mouldable without breaking or
delaminating when tested in accordance with 8.6.
This requirement shall not apply to baseplate preforms where a suitable square test piece cannot be cut.
5.7 Residue on artificial teeth (Type 2)
The wax shall not leave a visible residue on either ceramic or synthetic polymer teeth when tested in
accordance with 8.7.
5.8 Behaviour of colouring material (Type 2)
The colouring material shall neither separate from the wax nor impregnate the gypsum mould when
tested in accordance with 8.7.
5.9 Adhesion on storage (Type 2)
Adhesion due to storage of the wax shall be such that, when tested in accordance with 8.8, there shall
be no evidence of damage to wax surfaces. Wax and separating paper surfaces shall separate cleanly
and readily.
NOTE The separating paper might not cover the whole area of the wax sheet.
5.10 Residue on ignition (Type 1)
If the manufacturer does not state a value for the residue on ignition, the value as determined in
accordance with 8.9 shall be no greater than 0,10 % by mass.
If the residue on ignition is greater than 0,10 % by mass, this value shall be stated by the manufacturer
and the value as determined in accordance with 8.9 shall be not more than 20 % greater than that
stated value.
5.11 Biocompatibility
See ISO 7405 and ISO 10993-1 for guidance on compatibility in respect of waxes that are offered for use
in the mouth or that are not specifically excluded from that application.
6 Sampling
The amount of material procured for testing shall be at least 250 g for Type 1, or 500 g for Type 2, and
from one batch, and one packet where possible. This material shall be obtained on the open market
unannounced and thus taken randomly from stock.
7 Test methods — General
7.1 Ambient temperature
Unless otherwise specified in this document, all test piece preparation and testing shall be conducted at
an ambient temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. Where necessary and appropriate, all material shall be allowed
to equilibrate at this ambient temperature before testing for at least 24 h.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
7.2 Apparatus function verification
All accessories, instruments and equipment shall be examined before use to ensure that they are in
acceptable working order, appropriately calibrated, and complying with specifications stated for them
in this document, as appropriate.
8 Test methods — Specific
8.1 Visual inspection
Carry out the inspection at an illuminance of at least 1000 lux and at a distance not exceeding 250 mm.
A person making the inspection shall have nominally normal visual acuity. Corrective (non-magnifying)
untinted lenses may be worn.
8.2 Flow
8.2.1 Principle
The relative change in length of the test piece under a given load in a specified time is taken as a proxy
for the inverse of viscosity.
8.2.2 Apparatus
8.2.2.1 Micrometer screw gauge
Micrometer screw gauge with a range of at least 10 mm, being readable and accurate to 0,005 mm or
better, equipped with flat, parallel anvils at least 6,5 mm in diameter and a non-rotating spindle.
NOTE Avoidance of indentation of the wax test piece is essential.
8.2.2.2 Flow-testing instrument
A flow-testing instrument, such as the one shown in Figure 1, consisting of the following components:
— weight (see Figure 1, Key 1);
— shaft, which can move freely in its supports, lubricated as necessary (see Figure 1, Key 2);
— upper platen, metallic, minimum diameter 50 mm, lower surface flat and smooth, rigidly attached
and normal to the axis of the shaft (see Figure 1, Key 3);
— base plate, metallic, flat smooth and parallel to the lower surface of the upper platen (Figure 1, Key 4);
— measuring dial gauge or similarly functional instrument, with a range of at least 10 mm, readable
and accurate to 0,005 mm or better, and rigidly supported (optional) (see Figure 1, Key 5);
— locking screw or equivalent device (required if the dial gauge is used) (see Figure 1, Key 6).
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 15854:2021
ISO 15854:2021(E)
Key
1 weight
2 shaft
3 upper platen
4 base plate
5 dial gauge (optional)
6 locking screw
NOTE This figure is not to scale.
Figure 1 — Conceptual diagram of a suitable flow-testing instrument
The total mass of the components of items 1, 2 and
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
01-julij-2020
Zobozdravstvo - Voski za odlitke in podstavke (ISO/DIS 15854:2020)
Dentistry - Casting and baseplate waxes (ISO/DIS 15854:2020)
Zahnheilkunde - Guss- und Basisplattenwachse (ISO/DIS 15854:2020)
Art dentaire - Cires pour coulée et pour plaque de base (ISO/DIS 15854:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 15854
ICS:
11.060.10 Zobotehnični materiali Dental materials
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 15854
ISO/TC 106/SC 2 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-04-24 2020-07-17
Dentistry — Casting and baseplate waxes
Art dentaire — Cires pour coulée et pour plaque de base
ICS: 11.060.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification . 2
5 Requirements . 2
5.1 Appearance . 2
5.2 Flow . 2
5.3 Behaviour on trimming . 2
5.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1) . 2
5.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2) . 2
5.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2) . 3
5.7 Residue on artificial teeth (Type 2) . . 3
5.8 Behaviour of colouring material (Type 2) . 3
5.9 Adhesion on storage (Type 2) . 3
5.10 Residue on ignition (Type 1). 3
5.11 Biocompatibility . 3
6 Sampling . 3
7 Test methods — General. 4
7.1 Ambient temperature . 4
7.2 Apparatus function verification . 4
8 Test methods — Specific . 4
8.1 Visual inspection . 4
8.2 Flow . 4
8.2.1 Principle . 4
8.2.2 Apparatus . 4
8.2.3 Preparation of test pieces. 8
8.2.4 Procedure . 9
8.2.5 Expression of results and evaluation .10
8.3 Behaviour on trimming .10
8.3.1 Principle .10
8.3.2 Apparatus .10
8.3.3 Procedure .10
8.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1) .10
8.4.1 Principle .10
8.4.2 Apparatus .11
8.4.3 Procedure .11
8.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2) .11
8.5.1 Principle .11
8.5.2 Procedure .11
8.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2) .11
8.6.1 Principle .11
8.6.2 Apparatus .11
8.6.3 Procedure .11
8.7 Residue on artificial teeth and behaviour of wax colouring material (Type 2) .12
8.7.1 Principle .12
8.7.2 Apparatus .12
8.7.3 Procedure .12
8.8 Adhesion on storage (Type 2) .13
8.8.1 Principle .13
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
8.8.2 Apparatus .13
8.8.3 Procedure .13
8.9 Residue on ignition (Type 1).14
8.9.1 Principle .14
8.9.2 Apparatus .14
8.10 Procedure .14
8.10.1 Expression of results and evaluation .15
9 Marking and packaging .15
9.1 Marking .15
9.2 Packaging .15
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Determination of the melting point of wax .17
Bibliography .19
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15854 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces ISO 15854:2005, which has been revised technically
throughout.
The principal modifications are:
— the requirement for separating paper for baseplate wax sheets,
— the statement of the requirement for residue on ignition for casting wax,
— the mass of wax used for the residue on ignition test has been increased to 10 g,
— the use of a mandrel for the delamination test,
— the clarification of procedural detail in most tests,
— the specification of the content of the required report.
This document does not apply to waxes supplied for use in 3D-printing or CAD/CAM procedures of any
kind. These may be addressed in future work.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Introduction
This International Standard does not include specific and quantitative requirements for freedom from
biological hazards. It is recommended that, in assessing possible biological or toxicological hazards,
reference be made to ISO 7405 and ISO 10993-1 (see Bibliography).
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Dentistry — Casting and baseplate waxes
1 Scope
This document is applicable to waxes used for dental casting and dental baseplates. It specifies the
classification of, and requirements for such waxes together with the test methods to be employed to
determine compliance with these requirements. It does not apply to waxes supplied for 3D-printing or
CAD/CAM-based procedures.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references only the edition cited applies.
For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
ISO 8601:2004, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of
dates and times
ISO 1942:2009, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 6873:2013, Dentistry — Gypsum products
ISO 22112:2017, Dentistry — Artificial teeth for dental prostheses
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintains terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
3.1
casting wax
mouldable material with minimal residue on ignition suitable primarily for shaping patterns in the
production of cast restorations using the “lost-wax” technique
3.2
baseplate wax
mouldable material primarily for forming occlusion rims, positioning and retaining artificial teeth
therein, and shaping patterns that will be duplicated in denture base polymer
3.3
melting point
temperature above which no solid material exists at equilibrium
Note 1 to entry: Note to entry: For the practical purposes of this document, the melting point and freezing point
shall be considered as being the same.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
4 Classification
Dental waxes covered by this document are classified according to the flow characteristics that
represent their hardness, as follows:
a) Type 1 (casting wax):
1) Class 1 Soft
2) Class 2 Hard
b) Type 2 (baseplate wax):
1) Class 1 Soft
2) Class 2 Hard
3) Class 3 Extra hard
5 Requirements
5.1 Appearance
The wax shall be uniform in colour, supplied in pieces of uniform size, of smooth texture and free of
foreign materials. Test in accordance with 8.1.
5.2 Flow
The wax when tested in accordance with 8.2 shall have flow values complying with the appropriate
requirements in Table 1.
5.3 Behaviour on trimming
The wax shall be capable of being trimmed without chipping, flaking, or other undesirable behaviour
when tested in accordance with 8.3.
5.4 Behaviour on softening (Type 1)
The wax shall soften without flaking or crumbling and shall cohere readily when tested in accordance
with 8.4.
5.5 Appearance after flaming (Type 2)
The wax shall present a smooth glossy surface when tested in accordance with 8.5.
Table 1 — Flow requirements / %
Type 1 Type 2
Casting wax Baseplate wax
Temperature
Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
/ °C
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
23,0 ± 0,2 — — — — — 1,0 — 0,6 — 0,2
30,0 ± 0,2 — 1,0 — — — — — — — —
37,0 ± 0,1 — — — 1,0 5,0 90,0 — 10,0 — 1,2
40,0 ± 0,1 50,0 — — 20,0 — — — — — —
— not required
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Type 1 Type 2
Casting wax Baseplate wax
Temperature
Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
/ °C
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
45,0 ± 0,1 70,0 90,0 70,0 90,0 — — 50,0 90,0 5,0 50,0
— not required
5.6 Behaviour on softening (Type 2)
The wax shall soften without becoming sticky or crumbly and shall be mouldable without breaking or
delaminating when tested in accordance with 8.6.
This requirement shall not apply to baseplate preforms where a suitable square test piece cannot be cut.
5.7 Residue on artificial teeth (Type 2)
The wax shall not leave a visible residue on either ceramic or synthetic polymer teeth when tested in
accordance with 8.7.
5.8 Behaviour of colouring material (Type 2)
The colouring material shall neither separate from the wax nor impregnate the gypsum mould when
tested in accordance with 8.7.
5.9 Adhesion on storage (Type 2)
Adhesion due to storage of the wax shall be such that, when tested in accordance with 8.8, there shall
be no evidence of damage to wax surfaces. Wax and separating paper surfaces shall separate cleanly
and readily.
NOTE The separating paper might not cover the whole area of the wax sheet.
5.10 Residue on ignition (Type 1)
If the manufacturer does not state a value for the residue on ignition, the value as determined in
accordance with 8.9 shall be no greater than 0,10 % by mass.
If the residue on ignition is greater than 0,10 % by mass, this value shall be stated by the manufacturer
and the value as determined in accordance with 8.9 shall be not more than 20 % greater than that
stated value.
5.11 Biocompatibility
See ISO 7405 and ISO 10993-1 for guidance on compatibility in respect of waxes that are offered for use
in the mouth or that are not specifically excluded from that application.
6 Sampling
The amount of material procured for testing shall be at least 250 g for Type 1, or 500 g for Type 2, and
from one batch, and one packet where possible. This material shall be obtained on the open market
unannounced and thus taken randomly from stock.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
7 Test methods — General
7.1 Ambient temperature
Unless otherwise specified in this document, all test piece preparation and testing shall be conducted at
an ambient temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. Where necessary and appropriate, all material shall be allowed
to equilibrate at this ambient temperature before testing for at least 24 h.
7.2 Apparatus function verification
All accessories, instruments and equipment shall be examined before use to ensure that they are in
acceptable working order, appropriately calibrated, and complying with specifications stated for them
in this document, as appropriate.
8 Test methods — Specific
8.1 Visual inspection
Carry out the inspection at an illuminance of at least 1000 lux and at a distance not exceeding 250 mm.
A person making the inspection shall have nominally normal visual acuity. Corrective (non-magnifying)
untinted lenses may be worn.
8.2 Flow
8.2.1 Principle
The relative change in length of the test piece under a given load in a specified time is taken as a proxy
for the inverse of viscosity.
8.2.2 Apparatus
8.2.2.1 Micrometer screw gauge
Micrometer screw gauge with a range of at least 10 mm, being readable and accurate to 0,005 mm or
better, equipped with flat, parallel anvils at least 6.5 mm in diameter and a non-rotating spindle.
NOTE Avoidance of indentation of the wax test piece is essential.
8.2.2.2 Flow-testing instrument
A flow-testing instrument, such as the one shown in Figure 1, consisting of the following components:
1 weight;
2 shaft, which can move freely in its supports, lubricated as necessary;
3 upper platen, metallic, minimum diameter 50 mm, lower surface flat and smooth, rigidly attached
and normal to the axis of the shaft;
4 base plate, metallic, flat smooth and parallel to the lower surface of the upper platen;
5 measuring dial gauge or similarly functional instrument, with a range of at least 10 mm, readable
and accurate to 0,005 mm or better, and rigidly supported (optional);
6 locking screw or equivalent device (required if the dial gauge is used).
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Key
1 weight
2 shaft
3 upper platen
4 base plate
5 dial gauge (optional)
6 locking screw
Figure 1 — Conceptual diagram of a suitable flow-testing instrument
(NB: not to scale)
The total mass of the components of items 1, 2 and 3 shall be such as to provide an axial compressive
force of (19,6 ± 0,1) N. The weight (1) shall be separated from the surface of the water in the bath by at
least 20 mm. The upper platen (3) shall be at least 5 mm thick for rigidity. The optional dial gauge (5)
and locking screw (6) may replace the micrometer screw gauge for direct measurement of displacement
(8.2.3).
NOTE 1 The axial force calculation shall take into account the buoyancy of the immersed parts of the shaft and
upper platen (using the value of 0.01 N/mL) and the force exerted by the dial gauge or other measuring device
(5), which force may be about 1 N and vary with its displacement if (as is usual) a spring is present. Appropriate
control of the water level in the water bath (8.2.2.9) is required.
NOTE 2 The locking screw or equivalent device shall not cause damage to the shaft (2) and thereby impede its
free movement.
NOTE 3 The base plate (4) may conveniently be marked with a crosshair target, , avoiding affecting the
surface of the central region, to enable the correct location of the test piece.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
8.2.2.3 Pouring pan
For melting the wax, use a metal, glass or ceramic vessel, which may have a handle for convenience,
similar in functionality to the example shown in Figure 2.
NOTE A volume of 10 ~ 20 mL may be found adequate.
Figure 2 — Example of a suitable pouring pan
8.2.2.4 Heat source
For melting the wax, any convenient low-power or low-temperature system can be used. For example,
— an infrared lamp with nominal power of (250 ± 50) W using a bulb of type R40 or similar;
— a hot plate giving good thermal contact with the base of the pouring pan (8.2.2.3);
— a hot-air oven allowing the wax to be observed.
For preheating the mould (8.2.2.6), slab (8.2.2.7) and glass plate (8.2.2.8) an oven shall be used.
8.2.2.5 Thermometer
To measure the temperature of the molten wax, use an electronic thermometer with an accuracy of
±0.2 °C and a reading resolution of ±0.1 K or better over the temperature range 20 ~ 100 °C, and having
a 95% 10 K step change response time of less than 1 min.
8.2.2.6 Mould
For forming the flow test pieces, a metallic mould shall be used, for example made from stainless
steel or brass. This shall consist of a flat plate, (6,00 ± 0,01) mm thick, with parallel top and bottom
surfaces. The plate shall have one or more holes (10,00 ± 0,01) mm in diameter, with the axis of each
hole perpendicular to the surface of the plate. The upper and lower faces of the plate shall be finished to
roughness R ≤ 6,3 µm, and the hole wall shall be finished to roughness R ≤ 0,3 µm.
a a
NOTE It may be found convenient to use a multiple mould such that several test pieces can be prepared at a
time, for example as shown in Figure 3.
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 15854:2020
ISO/DIS 15854:2020(E)
Figure 3 — Example of a suitable mould for preparing flow test pieces
8.2.2.7 Glass slab
As a base for the mould, use a flat, polished glass slab, large enough for the purpose (i.e. larger than the
extent of the mould plate).
NOTE A dental mixing slab, approximately 150 mm long, 75 mm wide, and 19 mm thick, will be convenient.
8.2.2.8 Glass plate
For covering the mould (8.2.2.6), use a flat, polished glass plate, large enough for the purpose and
covered with thin, flat aluminium foil. The assembly shall be weighed.
8.2.2.9 Wa
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.