SIST EN 17637:2023
(Main)Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation
Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Dose assessment of emitted gamma radiation
This document specifies a methodology to determine indoor gamma dose from building materials and to help classify such a product as required in the Construction Products Regulation (EU 305/2011). With this methodology, the relation between the actual release of radiation and the dose to which inhabitants of a buidling are exposed can be assessed. The method takes into account also the Basic Safety Standards Directive (2013/59/EURATOM).
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Verfahren zur Beurteilung von emittierter Gammastrahlung
Dieses Dokument beschreibt ein Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Gamma-Dosen aus Baupro-dukten in Innenräumen. Dieses Verfahren beinhaltet die Berechnung der Gamma-Dosis aus dem einzelnen Bauprodukt während seines vorgesehenen Verwendungszwecks sowie der Dosis aus dem Gebäude unter Berücksichtigung mehrerer Baustoffe, wo dies als notwendig angesehen wird, und jeder Abschirmung vor dem terrestrischen Hintergrund.
Das Berechnungsverfahren basiert auf bestehenden Modellierungsgrundsätzen für die Photonenemission und absorption. Parameter der Modellierung, die nicht produktspezifisch sind, wie etwa die Raumgeo-metrie, Expositionskoeffizienten und Konversionsfaktoren sind vordefiniert und bilden die Grundlage für das Verfahren in dieser europäischen Norm. Die Auswahl vordefinierter Modellparameter ist wesentlich aus Sicht der Harmonisierung, auch wenn solche Parameter je nach Hauseigentümer, Gebäudetyp, Region oder Land erheblich variieren können. Übliche Beispiele sind die Expositionsdauer, die Lage der Exposition im Gebäude, die terrestrische Hintergrundstrahlung und die Mengen und Verwendungsweise des Baustoffs im Gebäude. Die Parameter werden auf der Grundlage eines internationalen Konsenses ausgewählt, wie in den ICRP (en: International Commission on Radiological Protection, Internationale Strahlenschutzkommission), UNSCEAR (en: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Wissenschaftlicher Ausschuss der Vereinten Nationen zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen atomarer Strahlung), EU RP-Leitfaden (en: radio protection guidlines), und anderen anerkannten Publikationen festgelegt. Produktspezifische Parameter wie Dichte und Dicke werden entsprechend der vorgesehenen Verwendungszwecks des Produkts festgelegt. Darüber hinaus werden die spezifischen Aktivitäten von 226Ra, 232Th und 40K des Produkts festgelegt und nach prEN 17216(in Erarbeitung [3]) ermittelt. Das Verfahren bietet einen stufenweisen Ansatz mit einem grundlegenden Ansatz für die Bewertung einzelner Bauprodukte, gefolgt von einem differenzierteren Ansatz zur Bewertung einer kompletten Gebäudebemessung. Der erste Ansatz geht von einer identischen Struktur der Baustoffe auf allen sechs Oberflächen des Modellraums und, sofern gegeben, ergänzt um weitere Baustoffe, die fester Teil des vorgesehenen Verwendungszwecks des Produkts sind, aus. Der letztere Ansatz ermöglicht die Bewertung einer bekannten Gebäudebemessung. Hier kann der Anwender das angewendete Bauprodukt auf Wänden, Boden und Decke separat entsprechend des vorgesehenen Verwendungszwecks des Produkts festlegen.
Die Gamma-Dosis in Innenräumen aus einzelnen Bauprodukten sowie des Gebäudes wird als jährliche effektive Gamma-Dosis in Innenraumumgebung angegeben. Die Formulierung der Innenraum-Gammadosis im Gebäude ist mit der Dosis der externen Exposition in Innenräumen nach Artikel 75 der Grundnormenrichtlinie konsistent. Aus diesem Grund ermöglicht das beschriebene Verfahren die Bewertung der berechneten Jahresdosis des Gebäudes im Vergleich zu dem Referenzwert, wie in der-Grundnormenrichtlinie definiert.
Das Verfahren ist für die Bewertung mineralischer Baustoffe ausgelegt, die als Volumen- oder Oberflächenmaterial angewandt und als Bauprodukt in Gebäuden eingesetzt werden. Dies umfasst alle Baustoffe, die von den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten als aus Strahlenschutzsicht bedenklich eingestuft wurden. Dieses Verfahren ist für die Anwendung durch Hersteller von Baustoffen, Architekten und Bauunternehmen sowie Behörden vorgesehen.
ANMERKUNG Es ist wichtig, darauf hinzuweisen, dass über die Berechnung der Dosis hinaus jegliche anschließende regulatorische Klassifizierung ausdrücklich nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieses Verfahrens liegt und der Verantwortung der zuständigen Behörden unterliegt.
Produits de construction : Évaluation de l’émission de substances dangereuses - Évaluation de la dose de rayonnement gamma émis
Le présent document décrit une méthode de calcul permettant de déterminer la dose due aux rayonnements gamma émise par les produits de construction à l’intérieur des bâtiments. La méthode comprend le calcul de la dose due aux rayonnements gamma à l’intérieur du bâtiment émise par le produit de construction individuel dans le cadre de son usage prévu, ainsi que le calcul de la dose provenant du bâtiment, en prenant en considération plusieurs matériaux de construction lorsque cela est jugé nécessaire et toute protection éventuelle contre le bruit de fond terrestre.
La méthode de calcul s’appuie sur des principes de modélisation existants pour l’émission et l’absorption des photons. Les paramètres de modélisation qui ne sont pas spécifiques du produit, tels que la géométrie de la pièce, les coefficients d’exposition et les facteurs de conversion, sont prédéfinis et servent de base à la méthode décrite dans la présente EN. Le choix de paramètres de modélisation prédéfinis est essentiel dans une perspective d’harmonisation, bien que ces paramètres puissent varier considérablement pour chaque propriétaire occupant, et selon le type de bâtiment, la région ou le pays. La durée d’exposition, l’emplacement d’exposition dans le bâtiment, le bruit de fond terrestre et les quantités et la manière dont les matériaux de construction sont utilisés dans le bâtiment en sont des exemples types. Les paramètres sont sélectionnés sur la base du consensus international, indiqué dans les lignes directrices de la CIPR, de l’UNSCEAR et de la collection « Radiation Protection » de l’Union européenne et dans d’autres publications renommées. Les paramètres spécifiques du produit, tels que la masse volumique et l’épaisseur, sont spécifiés en fonction de l’usage prévu du produit. De plus, les activités massiques du 226Ra, du 232Th et du 40K des produits sont spécifiées et obtenues conformément au prEN 17216 (en cours d’élaboration, [3]). La méthode fournit une approche fondamentale par étape destinée à évaluer des produits de construction individuels, suivie d’une approche plus approfondie permettant d’évaluer une conception de bâtiment complète. La première approche suppose une structure identique des matériaux de construction sur les six surfaces de la pièce modèle et ceux-ci sont complétés, si nécessaire, par d’autres matériaux de construction qui font partie intégrante de l’usage prévu du produit. La seconde approche permet d’évaluer une conception de bâtiment connue. Ici, l’utilisateur peut spécifier le produit de construction appliqué sur les murs, le plancher ou le plafond séparément en fonction de l’usage prévu du produit.
La dose due aux rayonnements gamma à l’intérieur du bâtiment émise par le produit de construction individuel ainsi que par le bâtiment lui-même est exprimée en termes de dose efficace annuelle due aux rayonnements gamma dans l’environnement intérieur. La formulation de la dose due aux rayonnements gamma à l’intérieur du bâtiment est cohérente avec la dose correspondant à une exposition externe à l’intérieur du bâtiment telle qu’indiquée à l’Article 75 de la Directive « Normes de base relatives à la protection sanitaire ». Par conséquent, la méthode décrite permet d’évaluer la dose annuelle calculée pour le bâtiment par rapport au niveau de référence tel que défini dans la Directive « Normes de base relatives à la protection sanitaire » .
La méthode est conçue pour l’évaluation des matériaux de construction de nature minérale, massifs ou superficiels, et utilisés comme produits de construction dans les bâtiments...
Gradbeni proizvodi - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Ocenjevanje doze emitiranega gama sevanja
Ta dokument določa metodologijo za določanje doze gama sevanja v zaprtih prostorih iz gradbenih materialov in pomoč pri razvrstitvi takega proizvoda v skladu z zahtevami v Uredbi o gradbenih proizvodih (EU 305/2011). S to metodo je mogoče oceniti razmerje med dejanskim sproščanjem sevanja in dozo, ki so ji izpostavljeni prebivalci stavbe. Metoda upošteva tudi direktivo o temeljnih varnostnih standardih (2013/59/EURATOM).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17637:2023
01-februar-2023
Gradbeni proizvodi - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Ocenjevanje doze
emitiranega gama sevanja
Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Dose
assessment of emitted gamma radiation
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Verfahren zur
Beurteilung von emittierter Gammastrahlung
Produits de construction : Évaluation de l’émission de substances dangereuses -
Évaluation de la dose de rayonnement gamma émis
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17637:2022
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
SIST EN 17637:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17637:2023
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SIST EN 17637:2023
EN 17637
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.100.01
English Version
Construction products: Assessment of release of
dangerous substances - Dose assessment of emitted
gamma radiation
Produits de construction : Évaluation de l'émission de Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von
substances dangereuses - Évaluation de la dose de gefährlichen Stoffen - Verfahren zur Beurteilung von
rayonnement gamma émis emittierter Gammastrahlung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 June 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17637:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17637:2023
EN 17637:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 8
5 Method for dose assessment . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Assessment for evaluation of a construction product .11
5.2.1 Product information .11
5.2.2 Dose assessment of the construction product .12
5.2.3 Dose assessment of the model building .14
5.3 Assessment for evaluation of a building design .15
5.3.1 Product information .15
5.3.2 Dose assessment of the construction product .16
5.3.3 Dose assessment of the model building .19
6 Reporting .19
Annex A (informative) Description of the dose assessment model .20
A.1 General .20
A.2 Method description .20
A.3 Dimensions of the model room .20
A.4 Model assumptions .20
Annex B (informative) Examples of dose assessment .22
B.1 Assessment for evaluation of the construction product .22
B.2 Assessment for evaluation of the building design .25
Bibliography .28
2
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EN 17637:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17637:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 “Construction
products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
3
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Introduction
In January 2014 the Basic Safety Standards Directive (2013/59/Euratom) [1], also named EU-BSS, was
issued laying down basic safety standards for the protection against the danger arising from exposure to
ionising radiation. The directive also sets requirements on the gamma radiation dose from the naturally
226 232 40
occurring radionuclides ( Ra, Th and K) in building materials and must be taken into account along
with the 2011 EU regulation laying down harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction
products (EU no 305/2011) [2], so called CPR. Both EU regulatory documents constitute a new basis for
radiation protection regulation of building materials and are to be complemented by EU guidance and
standards of which this document (EN 17637) is part.
Pivotal in the regulatory system of the EU-BSS and CPR is the dose assessment of building materials and
its compliance against a reference level as defined under Article 75 of the EU-BSS. For this purpose, an
activity concentration index is provided in the directive under Annex VIII. The index value is determined
226 232 40
using the material’s massic activities of Ra, Th and K. As the index is proposed as a conservative
screening tool provisions are put in place under Annex VIII to allow for more precise assessment of the
dose if needed. This includes consideration of the material’s density, thickness and other factors relating
to the type of construction and the intended use. However, no method for a more refined dose assessment
is provided in the directive, despite the fact that various EU member states allow for such refined
assessment. This EN document serves as a harmonized standard under the CPR to address the provisions
in the EU-BSS for a more refined assessment.
This document is an addition to the activity concentration index as formulated in the Annex VIII of the
EU-BSS. The method describes a dose assessment that takes account of all factors stipulated under
Annex VIII of the directive. In the method, important consideration is given to differentiate between the
dose from the individual construction product and the assembly of products that result in the dose from
the model building. In the EU-BSS dose requirements are expressed in terms of a dose from the building,
while the CPR is intended to set product specific requirements. For this reason, the method provides for
a calculation of dose from the individual product, followed by a calculation of the product assembly with
subtraction of terrestrial background dose to enable assessment against the reference level defined in
Article 75 of the EU-BSS.
The document provides the following structure:
— A normative instruction on the use of the assessment method with description of the equations and
parameters to be used, followed by a list of information to be reported;
— An informative annex with a description of the dose assessment model, including explanation of the
modelling principles, main assumptions, coefficients and conversion factors;
— An informative annex containing a series of examples on the use of the assessment method.
4
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EN 17637:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes a calculation method to determine the indoor gamma dose from construction
products. The method includes calculation of the indoor gamma dose from the individual construction
product under its intended use, as well as the dose from the building taking consideration of multiple
building materials where this is deemed necessary and any shielding from the terrestrial background.
The calculation method builds on existing modelling principles for photon emission and absorption.
Parameters of the modelling that are not product specific, such as room geometry, exposure coefficients,
and conversion factors are predefined and form the underlying basis for the method in this EN. The choice
for pre-defined model parameters is essential from a harmonization perspective, despite the fact that
such parameters can vary considerably for every homeowner, building type, region or country. Typical
examples are the exposure time, the location of exposure in the building, the terrestrial background
radiation and the amounts and way the building materials are used in the building. The parameters are
selected on the basis of international consensus, as laid down in ICRP, UNSCEAR, EU RP guidelines and
other renowned publications. Product specific parameters such as density and thickness are specified in
226 232
accordance with the product’s intended use. In addition, the product’s massic activities of Ra, Th and
1
40
K are specified and obtained according to prEN 17216 [3]. The method provides a tiered approach
with a basic approach intended for assessing individual construction products, followed by a more
refined approach to assess a complete building design. The former approach assumes an identical
structure of building materials on all six surfaces of the model room, and where needed complemented
with other building materials that form an intrinsic part of the product’s intended use. The latter
approach enables evaluation of a known building design. Here the user can specify the applied
construction product to walls, floor or ceiling separately in accordance with the product’s intended use.
The indoor gamma dose from the individual construction product as well as the building is expressed in
terms of an annual effective dose from gamma radiation in the indoor environment. The formulation of
the indoor gamma dose in the building is consistent with the dose for indoor external exposure as stated
under Article 75 of the Basic Safety Standards Directive. As a result, the described method enables
assessment of the calculated annual dose of the building against the reference level as defined in the Basic
2
Safety Standards Directive .
The method is designed for assessment of mineral based building materials applied in bulk or
superficially and used as a construction product in buildings. This includes any building materials that
have been identified by EU member states as being of concern from a radiation protection point of view.
The method is envisaged for use by producers of building materials, architects and building constructors
as well as authorities.
NOTE It is important to state that following the calculation of dose, any subsequent regulatory classification
falls explicitly outside the scope of this method and is the responsibility of the relevant authorities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 17216:2022. Based on CEN/TS 17216:2018.
2
In exceptional cases, this document can permit massic activities in the construction product that for its
manufacturing, distribution and handling could be identified as a practice referred to in Article 23 of the EU-BSS [1].
In accordance with Article 24 of the Directive, such practice shall be notified and may be subject to further
regulatory requirements in accordance with national provisions implementing the EU-BSS.
5
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
background subtraction
mathematical operation to subtract the dose from terrestrial background gamma radiation from the
external dose from gamma radiation emitted by building materials
Note 1 to entry: The subtraction takes account of the building materials’ ability to shield the indoor environment
from terrestrial background gamma radiation, and is required to obtain the indoor external dose from gamma
radiation emitted by building materials, in addition to the outdoor external exposure, as described in Article 75 of
the EU-BSS [1]. For the terrestrial background gamma radiation, a European surface area weighted average value
of 60 nGy/h, which corresponds to 0,29 mSv per year for an occupancy time of 7 000 h, is assumed. The average
background gamma radiation was calculated from data taken from the UNSCEAR 1988 and 2008 reports ([4], [5]).
Note 2 to entry: The principle of the dose criteria and subtraction of the terrestrial background gamma radiation
in compliance with the EU-BSS [1] is illustrated in Figure 1.
3.2
building material
any construction product for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or parts thereof and the
performance of which has an effect on the performance of the building with regard to exposure of its
occupants to ionizing radiation
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (9) [1]]
3.3
building structure
structure consisting of one or more building materials with either vertical or horizontal orientation or a
combination of both, that separate the indoor space from the outdoor space or one space from another
space in the building
3.4
bulk material
building material not being a superficial material
3.5
default material
226 232 40
building material with an assumed massic activity of 40 Bq/kg Ra, 30 Bq/kg Th and 400 Bq/kg K
3.6
dose point
geometrical point located in the centre of the room and the location for compliance of the effective dose
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EN 17637:2022 (E)
3.7
effective dose E
sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all the tissues and organs of the body from internal and external
exposure
Note 1 to entry: The effective dose is defined by Formula (1):
(1)
E Σ w H ΣΣw w D
TT T TT R R T,R
where
E is the effective dose;
w is the tissue weighting factor for tissue or organ T;
T
HT is the equivalent dose absorbed by tissue or organ T;
w is the radiation weighting factor;
R
D is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T, due to radiation R.
T,R
Note 2 to entry: The values for wT and wR are specified in Annex II of the EU-BSS [1].
Note 3 to entry: The unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv).
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (25) [1]]
3.8
40
K
radionuclide potassium-40
3.9
massic activity
quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample
[SOURCE: EN ISO 80000-10:2019, 10-28 [6]]
3.10
mass per unit area
quotient of mass and area
3.11
226
Ra
radionuclide radium-226 and its progenies in secular equilibrium
3.12
reference level
level of effective dose or equivalent dose or massic activity above which it is judged inappropriate to
allow exposures to occur as a result of that exposure situation, even though it is not a limit that may not
be exceeded
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (84) [1]]
Note 1 to entry: The EU-BSS uses the term 'activity concentration'. In the documents of CEN/TC 351, it was
agreed to use the term 'massic activity', in line with EN ISO 80000-10 [6].
7
==
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3.13
sievert
Sv
special name of the unit of equivalent or effective dose
Note 1 to entry: One sievert is equivalent to one joule per kilogram: 1 Sv = 1 J/kg. Further details are provided
under 3.7.
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (91) [1]]
3.14
superficial material
building material located on the interior side of the building structure, applied as a protective layer
and/or for decorative purposes, and characterised by a low mass per unit area
Note 1 to entry: Superficial materials such as joint-filler, coatings like paintings or any other building material
with a restricted use within the building structure are not included.
3.15
232
Th
radionuclide thorium-232 and its progenies in secular equilibrium
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
This document uses the symbols and names of quantities as mentioned below; the units in which the
quantities shall be expressed are also given.
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
A activity Bq
226 232 40
a massic activity of Ra, Th or K Bq/kg
d thickness of the construction product m
normalised nuclide specific effective dose rate mSv/h per
E
Bq/kg
E annual effective dose from the building without subtraction of background mSv per year
B1
E annual effective dose from the building with subtraction of background mSv per year
B2
E European annual average terrestrial background dose from gamma radiation mSv per year
Bg
E annual effective dose from the construction product mSv per year
Cp
i ordinal for the construction product(s) starting with i = 1 for the construction –
product located on the inside of the building structure
j, k, l ordinals –
N number of construction products in the building structure –
3
ρ gross density of the construction product kg/m
2
ρ mass per unit area kg/m
A
2
ρA1 combined mass per unit area of the construction product i plus the kg/m
construction products that are located in front of construction product i
2
ρ combined mass per unit area of the construction products that are located in kg/m
A2
front of the construction product i
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EN 17637:2022 (E)
5 Method for dose assessment
5.1 General
The dose assessment comprises two approaches to calculate the dose from a single construction product
or an assembly of construction products. In addition, it calculates the dose of the building by summing
the dose from each of the construction products that make up the building. Subsequently a subtraction of
the dose from terrestrial background gamma radiation is applied to obtain the annual indoor effective
dose from gamma radiation. The principle of the dose criteria and subtraction of the terrestrial
background radiation in compliance with the EU-BSS [1] is illustrated in Figure 1.
Key
1 the average outdoor terrestrial effective dose in Europe (see 3.1)
2 the dose inside a building structure made of non-radiating materials (0,00 Bq/kg), where the structure also
has a complete shielding effect on the terrestrial background radiation
3 the maximum acceptable annual indoor effective dose (1,00 mSv + 0,29 mSv) taking into account the dose
contributions from the building materials with consideration of the average outdoor terrestrial
background radiation dose (0,29 mSv)
Figure 1 — Principle of the dose criteria and subtraction of the terrestrial background radiation
in compliance with the Euratom Directive
The method builds on a room geometry with a cuboid shape and six surfaces (see Figure 2), not including
any doors or windows. Here the front and back wall (W1) have dimensions of 4 m × 2,5 m, the two side
walls (W ) have dimensions of 3 m × 2,5 m, and the ceiling and floor (C and F) have dimensions of
2
3 m × 4 m. The dose is determined for the centre of the room, which is called the dose point.
Calculation of the dose within the proposed procedure is based on the concept of mass per unit area ρ ,
A
which is the product’s gross density multiplied with the product’s thickness in its intended use. To
determine the dose from each construction product applied either at all six surfaces or only one, shielding
effects from the products located in front are considered. For this purpose, the parameters ρ and ρ
A1 A2
are introduced. ρ represents the mass per unit area of the construction product of interest together
A1
with all products located in front. ρ represents the mass per unit area of all construction products
A2
located in front of the product that is considered and excludes the mass per unit area of the product itself.
An example is shown in Figure 2. The difference between ρA1 and ρA2 is the mass per unit area of the
considered construction product. For this reason, it is essential in the assessment to consider the
appropriate order of the construction products, starting from the inside of the building structure. Where
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EN 17637:2022 (E)
the assessment only considers one construction product, ρ is the product’s mass per unit area and ρ
A1 A2
is 0.
2
The dose assessment is designed for building structures with a mass per unit area of up to 500 kg/m .
2
Any part of the building structure located on the outside that exceeds 500 kg/m will have a negligible
effect on the dose and shall be ignored in the calculation.
Key
C ceiling b = 3 m i = 1 tiles / render / plaster
F floor h = 2,5 m i = 2 concrete
W1 wall W1 i = ordinal i = 3 facing brick / ceramic brick
W2 wall W2 l = 4 m
NOTE The numbering (i) of the products runs from the inside to the outside of the building structure.
Figure 2 — Sketch of the model room together with a building structure containing three
construction products
The main difference between both assessment approaches described under 5.2 and 5.3 is the following.
The first assessment method for evaluation of a construction product is intended to assess the dose from
an individual product and assumes its application on all six surfaces of the building. The second
assessment method for evaluation of the building design is more refined and enables specifying multiple
construction products for each of the building surfaces, which include the front and back wall, the two
side walls, and the floor and ceiling separately.
Assessment of a single construction product does require that consideration shall be given to an intended
use that is intrinsically combined with other bulk products. In that case the adjacent construction product
shall be considered in the assessment in the form of a default material. For these circumstances,
provisions are included to specify appropriate material properties for these additional materials. Typical
scenarios include superficial materials or products intended for construction as an inner or outer wall.
For both assessment methods the calculated dose from the construction product considers the properties
of the product itself and takes account of any self-attenuation in the product, but it also takes account of
any shielding from the adjacent product(s) located on the inside of the product. It is therefore important
to stress that the calculated dose of the construction product is not an intrinsic property of the product,
but is specific to the composition of the building structure specified in the assessment.
10
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5.2 Assessment for evaluation of a construction product
5.2.1 Product information
The following information of the construction product shall be specified.
226 232 40
a) The massic activity a of Ra, Th and K expressed in Bq/kg of the construction product obtained
1
according to prEN 17216 [3].
b) The thickness d and gross density ρ of the construction product under its intended use expressed in
3 2
m and kg/m respectively, with a minimum mass per unit area ρ of 25 kg/m . In cases where the
A
2
mass per unit area is lower, a value of 25 kg/m shall be assumed.
Some construction products such as superficial materials or products intended for construction of an
inner or outer wall are by definition used in conjunction with an additional bulk material. In the case
where the material properties of the additional construction product(s) are not known, properties shall
be determined according to items c) and d).
NOTE 1 The additional construction products to be considered are only those that are intrinsically required as
part of the product that is to be assessed. Materials such as superficial materials can be ignored.
226 232 40
c) The massic activities a of Ra, Th and K expressed in Bq/kg of the construction product(s) that
are part of the building structure are set to the European default values of respectively 40, 30 and
400.
226 232 40
NOTE 2 The European default massic activities for Ra, Th and K are obtained from the European
radiation protection publication RP 112 [7] and are typical values for concrete.
d) The thickness d and gross density ρ of the additional construction product(s) under its intended use
3
that are part of the building structure expressed in m and kg/m respectively, with a minimum mass
2
per unit area ρ of 25 kg/m per construction product.
A
The thickness and density should be selected realistically. A guideline for determining the product
2
properties is to assume a thickness of 0,2 m and a mass per unit area of 470 kg/m for the whole
building structure.
2
e) The mass per unit area ρ of the building structure shall not exceed 500 kg/m . Where it does the
A
mass per unit area of the construction product(s) shall be reduced or excluded starting with the
construction product located on the outside.
f) Set the ordinal i for the construction product(s) starting from the inside of the building structure with
i=1.
11
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...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17637:2021
01-januar-2021
Gradbeni proizvodi - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Ocenjevanje doze
emitiranega gama sevanja
Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Dose
assessment of emitted gamma radiation
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Verfahren zur
Beurteilung von emittierter Gammastrahlung
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17637
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
oSIST prEN 17637:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17637:2021
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oSIST prEN 17637:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17637
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2021
ICS 91.100.01
English Version
Construction products: Assessment of release of
dangerous substances - Dose assessment of emitted
gamma radiation
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von
gefährlichen Stoffen - Verfahren zur Beurteilung von
emittierter Gammastrahlung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 351.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17637:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 17637:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 8
5 Method for dose assessment . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Assessment for evaluation of a construction product .10
5.2.1 Product information.10
5.2.2 Dose assessment of the construction product .11
5.2.3 Dose assessment of the model building .14
5.3 Assessment for evaluation of a building design .14
5.3.1 Product information.14
5.3.2 Dose assessment of the construction product .15
6 Reporting .18
Annex A (informative) Description of the dose assessment model .19
A.1 General .19
A.2 Method description .19
A.3 Dimensions of the model room .19
A.4 Model assumptions .19
Annex B (informative) Examples of dose assessment .21
B.1 Assessment for evaluation of the construction product .21
B.1.1 General .21
B.1.2 Example 1: Concrete with elevated massic activities .21
B.1.3 Example 2a: Superficial material .22
B.1.4 Example 2b: Superficial material used in combination with another bulk
material .22
B.1.5 Example 3: Ceramic brick for an intended use as outer wall .23
B.2 Assessment for evaluation of the building design .24
B.2.1 General .24
B.2.2 Example 1: Room with concrete walls with elevated concentrations and typical
concrete floor and ceiling .24
B.2.3 Example 2: Room with cavity walls and concrete floor and ceiling .25
Bibliography .26
2
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prEN 17637:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17637:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351
“Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association.
3
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Introduction
In January 2014 the Basic Safety Standards Directive (2013/59/Euratom) [1], also named EU-BSS,
was issued laying down basic safety standards for the protection against the danger arising from
exposure to ionising radiation. The directive also sets requirements on the gamma radiation dose
226 232 40
from the naturally occurring radionuclides ( Ra, Th and K) in building materials and must be
taken into account along with the 2011 EU regulation laying down harmonized conditions for the
marketing of construction products (EU no 305/2011) [2], the so called CPR. Both EU regulatory
documents constitute a new basis for radiation protection regulation of building materials and are
intended to be complemented by EU guidance and standards of which this document is part.
Pivotal in the regulatory system of the EU-BSS and CPR is the dose assessment of building materials
and its compliance against a reference level as defined under Article 75 of the EU-BSS. For this
purpose an activity concentration index is provided in the directive under Annex VIII. The index
226 232 40
value is determined using the material’s massic activity Ra, Th and K. As the index is proposed
as a conservative screening tool provisions are put in place under Annex VIII to allow for more
precise assessment of the dose if needed. This includes consideration of the material’s density,
thickness and other factors relating to the type of construction and the intended use. However, no
method for a more refined dose assessment is provided in the directive, despite the fact that various
EU member states allow for such refined assessment. This document serves as a harmonized
assessment method that can support harmonized standards under the CPR, and is meant to address
the provisions in the EU-BSS for a more refined assessment.
This document is an addition to the activity concentration index as formulated in the Annex VIII of
the EU-BSS. The method describes a state-of-the-art dose assessment that takes account of all factors
stipulated under Annex VIII of the directive. In the method, important consideration is given to
differentiate between the dose from the individual construction product and the assembly of
products that result in the dose from the model building. In the EU-BSS dose requirements are
expressed in terms of a dose from the building, while the CPR is intended to set product specific
requirements. For this reason the method provides for a calculation of dose from the individual
product, followed by a calculation of the product assembly with subtraction of background to enable
assessment against the reference level defined in Article 75 of the EU-BSS.
This document has the following structure:
— A normative instruction on the use of the assessment method with description of the equations
and parameters to be used, followed by a list of information to be reported;
— An informative Annex A with a description of the dose assessment model, including explanation
of the modelling principles, main assumptions, coefficients and conversion factors;
— An informative Annex B containing a series of examples on the use of the assessment method.
4
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1 Scope
This document describes a calculation method to determine the indoor gamma dose from
construction products. The method includes calculation of the indoor gamma dose from the
individual construction product under its intended use, as well as the dose from the building taking
consideration of multiple building materials where this is deemed necessary and any shielding from
the terrestrial background.
The calculation method builds on existing modelling principles for photon emission and absorption.
Parameters of the modelling that are not product specific, such as room geometry, exposure
coefficients and conversion factors are predefined and form the underlying basis for the method in
this document. The choice for pre-defined model parameters is essential from a harmonization
perspective, despite the fact that such parameters can vary considerably for every homeowner,
building type, region or country. Typical examples are the exposure time, building geometry, the
location of exposure in the building and the terrestrial background radiation. The parameters are
selected on the basis of international consensus, as laid down in ICRP, UNSCEAR, EU RP guidelines
and other renowned publications. Product specific parameters such as density and thickness are
specified in accordance with the product’s intended use. In addition the products’ massic activities
226 232 40
of Ra, Th and K are specified and obtained according to prEN 17216 [3]. The method provides
a tiered approach with a basic approach intended for assessing individual construction products,
followed by a more refined approach to assess a complete building design. The former approach
assumes an identical structure of building materials on all six surfaces of the model room, and where
needed complemented with other building materials that form an intrinsic part of the product’s
intended use. The latter approach enables evaluation of a known building design. Here the user can
specify the applied construction product to walls, floor or ceiling separately in accordance with the
product’s intended use.
The indoor gamma dose from the individual construction product as well as the building is expressed
in terms of an annual effective dose from gamma radiation in the indoor environment. The
formulation of the indoor gamma dose in the building is consistent with the dose for indoor external
exposure as stated under Article 75 of the Basic Safety Standards Directive. As a result the described
method enables assessment of the calculated annual dose of the building against the reference level
as defined in the Basic Safety Standards Directive.
The method is designed for assessment of mineral based building materials applied in bulk or
superficially and used as a construction product in buildings. This includes any building materials
that have been identified by EU member states as being of concern from a radiation protection point
of view. The method is envisaged for use by producers of building materials, architects and building
constructors as well as authorities.
It is important to state that following the calculation of dose, any subsequent regulatory classification
falls explicitly outside the scope of this method and is the responsibility of the relevant authorities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
5
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
building material
any construction product for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or parts thereof and
the performance of which has an effect on the performance of the building with regard to exposure
of its occupants to ionizing radiation
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (9) [1]]
3.2
building structure
structure consisting of one or more building materials with either vertical or horizontal orientation
or a combination of both, that separate the indoor space from the outdoor space or one space from
another space in the building
3.3
bulk material
building material not being a superficial material
3.4
default material
226 232
building material with an assumed massic activity of 40 Bq/kg Ra, 30 Bq/kg Th and 400 Bq/kg
40
K
3.5
effective dose E
sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all the tissues and organs of the body from internal and
external exposure
Note 1 to entry: The effective dose is defined by Formula (1):
E Σ w H ΣΣw w D (1)
TT T TT R R T,R
where
E is the effective dose;
w is the tissue weighting factor for tissue or organ T;
T
HT is the equivalent dose absorbed by tissue or organ T;
w is the radiation weighting factor;
R
D is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T, due to radiation R.
T,R
Note 2 to entry: The values for w and w are specified in Annex II of the EU-BSS [1].
T R
Note 3 to entry: The unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv).
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (25) [1]]
6
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3.6
40
K
radionuclide potassium-40
3.7
massic activity
quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample
[SOURCE: EN ISO 80000-10:2019, 10-28 [4]]
3.8
mass per unit area
quotient of mass and area
3.9
226
Ra
radionuclide radium-226 and its progenies in secular equilibrium
3.10
reference level
level of effective dose or equivalent dose or massic activity above which it is judged inappropriate to
allow exposures to occur, even though it is not a limit that may not be exceeded
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (84) [1]]
3.11
sievert
Sv
special name of the unit of equivalent or effective dose
Note 1 to entry: One sievert is equivalent to one joule per kilogram: 1 Sv = 1 J/kg. Further details are
provided under 3.4.
[SOURCE: 2013/59/EURATOM, chapter II, Article 4, (91) [1]]
Note 2 to entry: 1 Gy is also 1 J/kg.
3.12
superficial material
building material located on the interior side of the building structure, applied as a protective layer
and/or for decorative purposes, and characterised by a low mass per unit area
Note 1 to entry: Superficial material may also include any other building material with a restricted use
within the building structure, such as joint-filler, insulation material, sanitary ware, etc.
3.13
232
Th
radionuclide thorium-232 and its progenies in secular equilibrium
7
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
This document uses the symbols and names of quantities as mentioned below; the units in which the
quantities shall be expressed are also given.
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
A activity Bq
226 232 40
a massic activity of Ra, Th or K Bq/kg
d thickness of the construction product m
normalised nuclide specific effective dose rate mSv/h per Bq/kg
E
E annual effective dose from the building without subtraction of mSv per year
B1
background
EB2 annual effective dose from the building with subtraction of background mSv per year
E European annual average terrestrial background from gamma mSv per year
Bg
radiation
E annual effective dose from the construction product mSv per year
Cp
i ordinal for the construction product(s) starting with i = 1 for the –
construction product located on the inside of the building structure
j,k,l ordinal –
n number of construction products in the building structure –
3
ρ density of the construction product kg/m
2
ρ mass per unit area kg/m
A
2
ρ combined mass per unit area of the construction product i plus the kg/m
A1
constructions products that are located in front of construction product
i
2
ρ combined mass per unit area of the constructions products that are kg/m
A2
located in front of the construction product i
5 Method for dose assessment
5.1 General
The dose assessment comprises of two approaches to calculate the dose from a single construction
product or an assembly of construction products that make up a building or room. In addition it
calculates the dose of the building by summing the dose from each of the construction products that
make up the building. Subsequently a subtraction of background gamma radiation is applied to
obtain the annual indoor effective dose from gamma radiation.
The method builds on a room geometry with a cuboid shape and six surfaces (Figure 1), not including
any doors or windows. Here the front and back wall (W ) have dimensions of 4 m × 2,5 m, the two
1
side walls (W ) have dimensions of 3 m × 2,5 m, and the ceiling and floor have dimensions of
2
3 m × 4 m. The dose is determined for the centre of the room.
Calculation of the dose within the proposed procedure is based on the concept of mass per unit area
, which is the product’s density multiplied with the product’s thickness in its intended use. To
ρA
determine the dose from each construction product applied either at all six surfaces or only one,
8
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shielding effects from the products located in front are considered. For this purpose the parameters
ρ and ρ are introduced. ρ represents the mass per unit area of the construction product of
A1 A2 A1
interest plus all products located in front. ρ represents the mass per unit area of all construction
A2
products located in front of the product that is considered and excludes the mass per unit area of the
product itself. An example is shown in Figure 1. The difference between ρ and ρ is the mass per
A1 A2
unit area of the considered construction product. For this reason it is essential in the assessment to
consider the appropriate order of the construction products, starting from the inside of the building
structure. Where the assessment only considers one construction product, ρ is the product’s mass
A1
per unit area and ρ is 0.
A2
2
The dose assessment is designed for building structures with a mass per unit area of up to 500 kg/m .
2
Any part of the building structure located on the outside that exceeds 500 kg/m will have a
negligible effect on the dose and shall be ignored in the calculation.
Key
C Ceiling b = 3 m
F Floor h = 2,5 m
W1 Wall W1 i = ordinal
W2 Wall W2 l = 4 m
NOTE The numbering (i) of the products runs from the inside to the outside of the building structure.
Figure 1 — Sketch of the model room together with a building structure containing three
construction products
The main difference between both assessment approaches described under 5.2 and 5.3 are the
following. The first assessment method for evaluation of a construction product is intended to assess
the dose from an individual product and assumes its application on all six surfaces of the building.
The second assessment method for evaluation of the building design is more refined and enables
specifying multiple construction products for each of the building surfaces, which include the front
and back wall, the two side walls, and the floor and ceiling separately.
Assessment of a single construction product does require that consideration should be given to a
intended use that is intrinsically combined with other bulk products. In that case the adjacent
9
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prEN 17637:2021 (E)
construction product shall be considered in the assessment in the form of a default material. For
these circumstances provisions are included to specify appropriate material properties for these
additional materials. Typical scenarios include superficial materials or products intended for
construction as an inner or outer wall.
For both assessment methods the calculated dose from the construction product considers the
properties of the product itself and takes account of any self-attenuation in the product, but it also
takes account of any shielding from the adjacent product(s) located on the inside of the product. It is
therefore important to stress that the calculated dose of the construction product is not an intrinsic
property of the product, but is specific to the composition of the building structure specified in the
assessment.
5.2 Assessment for evaluation of a construction product
5.2.1 Product information
The following information of the construction product should be specified.
226 232 40
a) Massic activity a of Ra, Th and K expressed in Bq/kg of the construction product obtained
according to prEN 17216.
b) The thickness d and density ρ of the construction product under its intended use expressed in m
3 2
and kg/m respectively, with a minimum mass per unit area ρ of 25 kg/m . In cases where the
A
2
mass per unit area is lower, a value of 25 kg/m shall be assumed.
Some construction products such as superficial materials or products intended for construction of
an inner or outer wall, which are by definition used in conjunction with an additional bulk material
and. In the case where the material properties of the additional construction product(s) are not
known, properties should be determined according to items c) and d).
NOTE 1 The additional construction products under consideration are only those that are intrinsically
required as part of the product that is to be assessed; materials such as superficial materials can be ignored.
226 232 40
c) Massic activity a of Ra, Th and K expressed in Bq/kg of the construction product(s) that
are part of the building structure are set to the European default values of respectively 40, 30
and 400.
226 232 40
NOTE 2 The European default massic activities for Ra, Th and K are obtained from the European
radiation protection publication RP 112 [5] and are typical values for concrete.
d) The thickness d and density ρ of the additional construction product(s) under its intended use
3
that are part of the building structure expressed in m and kg/m respectively, with a minimum
2
mass per unit area ρ of 25 kg/m per construction product.
A
The thickness and density should be selected realistically. A guideline for determining the
2
product properties is to assume a thickness of 0,2 m and a mass per unit area of 470 kg/m for
the whole building structure.
2
e) The mass per unit area ρ of the building structure shall not exceed 500 kg/m . Where needed
A
the mass per unit area of the construction product(s) shall be reduced or excluded starting with
the construction product located on the outside.
f) Set the ordinal i for the construction product(s) starting from the inside of the building structure
with i=1.
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5.2.2 Dose assessment of the construction product
a) Sum the mass per unit area of the construction products i selected for assessment together with
the constructions products that are located in front of the product i, according to Formula (2):
i
ρ =Σρ d (2)
A1,i j=1 jj
where
ρ is the combined mass per unit area of the construction product i plus the
A1,i
construction products that are located in front of the construction product i, in
2
kg/m ;
3
ρ is the density of the construction product, in kg/m ;
d is the thickness of the construction product, in m;
i is the ordinal for the construction product(s) starting with i = 1 for the
construction product located on the inside of the building structure;
j is the ordinal.
b) Sum the mass per unit area of the constructions product(s) that are located in front of the
according to Formula (3). Where i=1
product. Where i > 1 determine the mass per unit area ρA2
there ρ =0.
A2
i−1
(3)
ρ =Σρ d
A2,i j=1 jj
where
ρ is the combined mass per unit area of the construction products that are located
A2,i
2
in front of the construction product i, in kg/m ;
3
ρ is the density of the construction product, in kg/m ;
d is the thickness of the construction product, in m;
i is the ordinal for the construction product(s) starting with i = 1 for the
construction product located on the inside of the building structure;
j is the ordinal.
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c) Calculate the annual effective dose E in mSv per year of the construction product selected for
assessment according to Formula (4). Select the specific dose rate Eρ in Table 1 with the mass
A
per unit area that is nearest to the calculated mass per unit area ρ or ρ .
A1 A2
a ×−E 226 ρ E 226 ρ +
226 ( Ra,i Ra,,i k )
A1,,iiA2
Ra,i
Ea × E 232 ρ− E 232 ρ+× 7000 (4)
( )
Cp,i 232 Th,i A1,,iiTh,,i k A2
Th,i
aE× 40 ρρ− E 40
40 ( Ki, Ki,,k )
A1,,iiA2
Ki,
where
E is the annual effective dose from the construction product i, in mSv per year;
Cp,i
a is the massic activity of the construction product, in Bq/kg;
is the normalized nuclide specific effective dose rate obtained from Table 1 in
mSv/h per Bq/kg and is a function of the mass per unit area ρ or ρ ;
A1 A2
Eρ
A
ρ is the combined mass per unit area of the construction product i plus the
A1,i
construction products that are located in front of the construction product i, in
2
kg/m ;
ρ is the combined mass per unit area of the construction products located in front
A2,i
2
of the construction product i, in kg/m ;
i is the ordinal for the construction product(s) starting with i = 1 for the
construction product located on the inside of the building structure;
7 000 is the occupancy time as an average for the annual time spent indoors in Europe,
in h per year, according to the UNSCEAR 1988 report [6].
12
=
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...
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