oSIST prEN 1570:2006

Safety requirements for lifting tables

2007 04 15 Work item deleted due to 3YT - FV.

Sicherheitsanforderungen an Hubtische

1.1   Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt Sicherheitsanforderungen für Hubtische zum Heben und/oder Senken von Gütern und/oder Personen in Zusammenhang mit der Bewegung der vom Hubtisch gehobenen Güter (d. h.d. h. nicht für die Benutzung von Personen allein).
1.2   Diese Europäische Norm behandelt von Hubtischen ausgehende signifikante Gefährdungen, wenn diese bestimmungsgemäß unter den vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen (siehe Abschnitt 4) benutzt werden. Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die geeigneten technischen Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung oder Verminderung der Risiken, die sich aus den zutreffenden Gefährdungen ergeben.
1.3   Sowohl kraftbetriebene als auch handbetriebene Hubtische, die ortsfest oder ortsveränderlich sein können, werden erfasst.
1.4   Diese Europäische Norm findet keine Anwendung auf folgende Geräte:
-   dauerhaft eingebaute Hubtische, die eine Kabine besitzen und festgelegte Ebenen eines Gebäudes anfahren;
-   Hubtische, deren Hubgeschwindigkeit 0,15 m/s überschreitet (es sei denn der Hubtisch ist sicher durch die Einbauposition und es werden keine Personen transportiert);
-   kraftbetriebene Hubplattformen für Behinderte;
-   fahrbare Hubtische als Flughafenbodengeräte;
-   Hubtische, die als Teil eines Aufzuges nach der Aufzugsrichtlinie benutzt werden;
-   Hubtische für die Verwendung auf Schiffen;
-   fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen;
-   Fahrzeug-Hebebühnen für die Instandhaltung;
-   fahrbare Hubtische zur Feuerbekämpfung;
-   fahrbare Hubtische, die als Gabelstapler und Kommissionierhubwagen verwendet werden;
-   fahrbare Hubwagen mit einer horizontalen Fahrgeschwindigkeit von mehr als 1,6 m/s;
-   Regalbediengeräte;
-   Versenk- und Hebevorrichtungen von Theaterbühnen;
-   Flurförderzeuge mit Scherenhubvorrichtung für Paletten;
-   hängende Hubtische.
1.5   Diese Norm berücksichtigt keinen verbrennungsmotorischen Antrieb des Hubtisches.
Diese Norm legt keine zusätzlichen Anforderungen fest für:

Prescriptions de sécurité des tables élévatrices

Varnostne zahteve za dvižne mize

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Apr-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 53.020.99 - Other lifting equipment
• Technical Committee: DTN - Lift and transport appliances
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 19-Aug-2010
• Due Date: 24-Aug-2010
• Completion Date: 19-Aug-2010
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/008 - Standardization mandate given to CEN concerning machinery presenting hazards due to the lifting or moving of persons
• Ref Project: prEN 1570 - Safety requirements for lifting tables

Overview

prEN 1570:2006 - "Safety requirements for lifting tables" is a CEN draft Type C standard prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98. It defines safety requirements for lifting tables used to raise and/or lower goods and for persons involved in loading/unloading associated with goods movement (not for passenger-carrying lifts). The draft was intended to supersede EN 1570:1998 and to serve as a harmonized standard supporting the Machinery Directive (see Annex ZA). Note: the record includes a status note that the work item was deleted on 2007-04-15 (work item deleted due to 3YT - FV).

Key Topics and Requirements

This standard concentrates on the significant hazards and technical measures needed to eliminate or reduce risk. Major sections include:

• Scope & exclusions

  • Applies to power-operated and manual lifting tables (stationary or mobile).
  • Excludes passenger lifts, high-speed tables (>0.15 m/s unless safe by position and non-person carrying), mobile elevating work platforms, theatre lifts, vehicle lifts, shipboard tables, and other specific equipment.

• Risk assessment & calculations (Clause 5.1)

  • Structural, stability and load calculations; nominal load and vertical travel definitions.

• Safeguarding & guarding (Clause 5.2)

  • Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping (references to EN 294, EN 349).

• Motion control & speeds (Clause 5.3)

  • Requirements for controlled travel speeds and safe stopping.

• Platform and operator interfaces (Clauses 5.4–5.5)

  • Platform layout, operator position, controls and ergonomics.

• Mobile lifting table specifics (Clause 5.6)

  • Requirements for self‑propelled, guided and moveable tables.

• Drive systems (Clauses 5.7–5.10)

  • Mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical system safety requirements (references EN 982, EN 983, EN 60204‑1).

• Safety devices, marking and user information (Clauses 5.11, 6, 7)

  • Emergency stop, interlocks, labels, instructions for use and verification procedures.

• Verification, testing and annexes (Clause 8 + Annexes A–G, ZA)

  • Overload, noise, test procedures, control layouts, manual force measurement, relationship to EU directives.

Practical Applications and Users

Who benefits from prEN 1570:

• Manufacturers and designers of scissor and platform lifting tables - for safe product design and conformity documentation.
• Safety engineers and conformity assessors - for hazard lists, guarding prescriptions and verification/testing procedures.
• Procurement and maintenance teams - to specify safe equipment, labeling and information for use.
• Testing laboratories - to apply the standard’s test procedures and annex criteria.

Practical uses include specifying guarding, selecting hydraulic/electrical protections, defining emergency stop arrangements, and preparing user manuals and test certificates.

Related Standards

• EN ISO 12100 / EN 12100 (machine safety principles)
• EN 294, EN 349, EN 418, EN 60204‑1, EN 982, EN 983, EN 61496 and other referenced EN/ISO standards listed in Clause 2.
• Annex ZA links prEN 1570 to the Machinery Directive (98/37/EC) for conformity purposes.

Keywords: lifting tables safety, prEN 1570, CEN standard, lifting table standard, scissor lift table safety, mobile lifting tables, hydraulic lifting tables.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 1570:2006

PREDSTANDARD
april 2006
Varnostne zahteve za dvižne mize
Safety requirements for lifting tables
ICS 53.020.99 Referenčna številka
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2006
ICS Will supersede EN 1570:1998
English Version
Safety requirements for lifting tables
Prescriptions de sécurité des tables élévatrices
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 98.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1570:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword. 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms and definitions. 8
4 List of hazards. 9
5 Safety requirements. 13
5.1 Calculations. 13
5.2 Safeguarding. 15
5.3 Speeds. 21
5.4 Platform. 21
5.5 Operator position. 21
5.6 Mobile lifting tables. 22
5.7 Mechanical driving system . 24
5.8 Hydraulic system. 28
5.9 Pneumatic system. 28
5.10 Electrical system. 29
5.11 Safety devices. 29
6 Marking. 30
7 Information for use . 31
8 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 32
8.1 General. 32
Annex A (informative) Overloading . 35
Annex B (normative) Noise. 36
Annex C (normative) Test procedures . 37
Annex D (informative) Test certificates for lifting tables. 40
Annex E (informative) Controls. 41
Annex F (normative) Manual force measurement methods. 43
Annex G (informative) Signs. 45
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 46

Figures
Figure 1 — Gaps between arms and base of scissor lifting tables .17
Figure 2 — Minimum foot clearances when lowering .17
Figure 3 — Arrangement of mechanically actuated trip device.17
Figure 4 — Example of horizontal guard-rail .18
Figure 5 — Clear space between two guard-rail segments.18
Figure 6 — Free space for feet .24
Figure 7 — Foot protection .24
Figure E.1 — Arrangement of buttons.42
Figure E.2 — Arrangement of foot operated buttons.42
Figure E.3 — Up and down movement of horizontal levers .42
Figure E.4 — Left and right movements of horizontal levers.42
Figure E.5 — Movement of vertical levers.42
Figure E.6 — Arrangement of pedals.42
Figure E.7 — Movement of hand wheels .42
Figure E.8 — Covering of foot operated buttons.42

Tables
Table 1.10
Table C.1 — Analysis of possible overload situations of lifting tables and the effect of
a load control device .38

Foreword
This document (prEN 1570:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting
platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1570:1998.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of this
document.
Introduction
This standard is a Type C standard as stated in EN 12100.
This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming
with the Essential Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA Regulations.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, lifting
tables should comply as appropriate with EN 12100 for hazards which are not covered in this
standard.
Where, for clarity, an example of a safety measure is given in the text this shall not be considered as
the only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an
equivalent level of safety is achieved.
While producing this standard it was assumed that where there is a special requirement for a low
noise level, e. g. hospital applications, theatre applications etc. this will be specified by the customer
and appropriate measures taken by the manufacturer.
While producing this standard, it was assumed that only trained persons using the equipment in
accordance with manufacturers instructions operate the lifting tables and that the working area is
adequately lit.
1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard specifies the safety requirements for lifting tables for raising and/or
lowering goods and/or persons associated with the movement of goods carried by the lifting table (i. e.
not for passenger use).
1.2 This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to lifting tables when they
are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4). This
European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce the risks
arising from the significant hazards.
1.3 Both power operated and manually operated lifting tables are included whether stationary or
mobile.
1.4 This European Standard does not apply to the following equipment:
 permanently installed lifting tables, serving specific levels of a building and fitted with a car;
 lifting tables whose travel speed exceeds 0,15 m/s (unless safe by position and non person
carrying);
 power operated lifting platforms for persons with impaired mobility;
 mobile lifting tables for airport ground support equipment;
 lifting tables used as part of a lift under the “Lift Directive”;
 lifting tables used on ships;
 mobile elevating work platforms;
 vehicle lifts for maintenance;
 mobile lifting tables used for fire fighting;
 mobile lifting tables used as fork lift trucks, and order pickers;
 mobile lifting tables with a horizontal travelling speed of more than 1,6 m/s;
 rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment;
 theatre stage lifts;
 scissor lift pallet trucks;
 suspended lifting tables.
1.5 This standard does not consider the power supply to the lifting table by internal combustion
engine.
This standard does not establish the additional requirements for:
 operation in severe conditions (e. g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic
fields);
 operation subject to special rules (e. g. potentially explosive atmospheres, mines);
 handling of loads, the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e. g. molten metal,
acids, radiating materials, especially brittle loads);
 hazards occurring during construction, transportation and disposal;
 equipment installed on the load platform or replacing it;
 integration into systems or other machines, control from more than two control stations, etc.;
 cable-less controls;
 lifting tables where the hydraulic pressure is derived directly from gas pressure.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by upper
limbs
EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 414, Safety of machinery — Rules for drafting and presentation of safety standards
EN 418, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for
design
EN 563, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish
temperature limit values for hot surfaces
EN 811, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 983, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Pneumatics
EN 1050, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements
EN 1088, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design
and selection
EN 1760-1, Safety of machinery — Pressure sensitive devices — Part 1: General principles for the
design and testing of pressure sensitive mats and pressure sensitive floors
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 61496, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — General requirements
and tests
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design —
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design —
Part 2: Technical principles
ISO 606, Short-pitch transmission precision roller chains and chain wheels
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Characteristic
ISO 4301-1, Cranes and lifting appliances — Classification — Part 1: General
ISO 4308-1, Cranes and lifting appliances — Selection of wire ropes — Part 1: General
ISO 4308-2, Cranes and lifting appliances — Selection of wire ropes — Part 1: Mobile cranes —
Coefficient of utilization
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
lifting table
load lifting device with a load supporting platform rigidly guided throughout its travel (e. g. guided by
its own mechanism)
3.2
fixed lifting table
a lifting table where the place of installation is not intended to be changed
3.3
moveable lifting table
a lifting table installed so that the place of installation may be readily changed
3.4
mobile lifting table
a load lifting device which is mobile by one or more integrated devices (e. g. wheels, air cushions etc.)
3.5
guided mobile lifting table
a lifting table which runs on a pre-set route, (e. g. on rails, in tracks etc.)
3.6
self-propelled lifting table
a lifting table, other than vehicle mounted, which is capable of horizontal movement under its own
power
3.7
automatic programme controlled lifting table
a lifting table where movement takes place that is not initiated by the normal manual controls (e. g.
self levelling etc.)
3.8
load platform
the part of the lifting table (including linking/bridging plate) designed to accommodate the working load
and/or persons. Fork arms are considered as a load platform for goods only
3.9
vertical travel
the vertical distance between the highest and the lowest working position for which the lifting table is
designed
3.10
nominal load
the load that the manufacturer has guaranteed that the machine will lift when used in accordance with
the instruction handbook
3.11
guard
part of the machine specifically used to provide protection by means of a physical barrier
3.12
safe by position
condition when a lifting table or part of a lifting table is sufficiently shielded from access to avoid any
hazard to persons or goods
3.13
emergency stop control
that component of emergency stop equipment which generates the emergency stop signal when the
associated manual control (actuator) is operated
3.14
operator
the person operating the lifting table
3.15
maximum working pressure
the highest pressure in the hydraulic or pneumatic system or part of system at which it is intended to
operate under normal working conditions with rated load
3.16
person carrying lifting table
a lifting table whose platform is entered by a person or persons for the purpose of loading or
unloading or the lifting or persons associated with the transporting of goods
3.17
car
load carrying platform completely enclosed by full length walls, door(s) and ceiling with the exception
of ventilation apertures
4 List of hazards
The list of hazards according to the following table is based on EN 1050.
The table has been formulated to show the hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
which have been identified by risk assessment to be relevant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce risk.
Table 1
Hazard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events Clause no. in
Reference this standard
no.
1 Mechanical hazards due to:

Machine parts or work pieces, e. g.:
a) Shape 5.2.1,5.2.8
b) Relative location 5.2.8
c) Mass and stability (potential energy of elements which may 5.1.1.7
move under the effect of gravity)
d) Mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled 5.1.1.6
and uncontrolled motion)
e) Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.1

Accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e. g.:
f) Elastic elements (springs) 5.8.10, 5.9.6
1.1 Crushing hazard 5.2.1/2/3/4/6
1.2 Shearing hazard 5.2.1/2/3/4/6
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.2.8
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.2.9
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.2.10
1.6 Impact hazard 5.2.11
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.8.3
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.10.1
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty 5.10.1/2
conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.10.1/2
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons with 5.2.16
objects or materials with an extreme high or low by flames or
explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources
4 Hazards generated by noise See Annex B
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their 5.8.2/3, 7.2.3
constituent element) processed or used by the machinery
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, 5.8.2/3, 7.2.3
fumes, and dusts
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in 5.6.4, 5.6.11,
machinery design as, e. g. hazards from: 5.8.11

Table 1 (continued)
Hazard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events Clause no. in
Reference this standard
no.
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.6.4, 5.6.11,
5.8.11
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 5.2.1/2
8.4 Inadequate local lighting Introduction
8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.5.2, 5.5.4,
5.5.6, 5.7.7
8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.5.1,
5.5.3/4/5/6/7
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed
(or any similar malfunction) from;
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.10.1
10.3 External influences on electrical equipment 5.10.1
10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) 5.5.3/4/5
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with 5.5.3/4/5/6
human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible 5.5.7
conditions
13 Failure of the power supply 5.10.1
14 Failure of the control circuit 5.10.1
15 Errors of fitting 7.3
16 Break up during operation 5.1.1, 5.7.5,
5.8.7, 5.9.7, 7.1,
7.2
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.8.1/2/3/4,
5.2.13/14, 7.1
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery 5.1.2
19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to machinery) 5.2.12/13/14/15,
5.4.1
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
20 Relating to the travelling function
20.1 Movement when starting the engine 5.6.3
20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving position  5.6.2
20.3 Movement without all parts in safe position 5.2.19, 5.3.2
20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery 5.3.2
20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving 5.3.3
20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and 5.6.2, 5.6.5,
immobilised 5.6.8
Table 1 (continued)
Hazard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events Clause no. in
Reference this standard
no.
21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position:
a) Contact with the wheels; 5.6.5
b) Rollover; 5.1.2.1
c) Fall of objects, penetration by objects; 5.2.13/14
d) Contact of persons with machine parts or tools (pedestrian 5.2.11
controlled machines)
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions 5.5.1
21.6 Inadequate lighting Introduction
21.8 Noise at work position Annex B
22 Due to control system
22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls 5.5.1
22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of operation 5.5.3/4/5, 5.6.2
23 From handling the machine (lack of stability) 7.1
24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power
24.3 Hazards from coupling and towing 5.6.7
25 From/to third persons
25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.5.3
25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.5.2, 5.6.1/2/3
25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.2.11
26 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator 7.1,
Introduction
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
27.1 from load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 lack of stability 5.1.2.1
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning moments exceeded Annex A
5.1.2.1/2, 5.8.4,
5.9.4, 5.1.2.1/2,
5.7.11/12,
6.9.6.12
27.1.3 uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.5.2
27.1.4 unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.4.3
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.8.9, 5.9.8, 7.1
27.2 from access of persons to load support 6.10, 6.11
27.3 from derailment 5.6.8
Table 1 (continued)
Hazard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events Clause no. in
Reference this standard
no.
27.4 from insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1, 5.2.13.10,
5.7.1.1, 5.7.3.1,
5.7.4.1, 5.7.5.2,
5.7.6.2, 5.7.2.1,
8.1.5
27.5 from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.7.1.2/3,
5.7.5.3, 5.7.6.3
27.6 from inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and accessories 5.7.1.1, 5.7.2.1,
and their inadequate integration into the machine 5.7.5.4, 5.7.6.4
27.7 from lowering of the load under the control of friction brake 5.7.15
27.8 from abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use/maintenance 7.1, 8.1.7.1
27.9 from the effect of load on persons (impact by loading or - 5.2.14, 7.1
counterweight)
28 Electrical Hazards
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 insufficient visibility from the driving position 5.2.15, 5.5.1
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of
persons
34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
34.1 inadequate mechanical strength – inadequate working coefficients 5.1
34.2 failing of loading control 5.1.2
34.3 failing of controls in person carrier (function, priority) 5.5.2
34.4 overspeed of person carrier 5.3, 5.2.20/21,
5.7.8.1, 5.8.7,
5.9.9
35 Falling of person from person carrier 5.2.12/13/14
36 Falling or overturning of person carrier 5.1.2
37 Human error, human behaviour 6.0

5 Safety requirements
5.1 Calculations
5.1.1 Stress
5.1.1.1 The lifting table shall be designed in accordance with usual calculation codes and good
engineering practice and all failure modes of the material shall be considered including fatigue failure.
5.1.1.2 The stresses in any part of the lifting table using the permissible stress method, under
normal working conditions, shall not exceed the lower of the following:
a) 0,66 times the yield stress of the material used, or;
b) 0,50 times the ultimate tensile stress of the material used.
5.1.1.3 The stresses shall be calculated for the condition of the lifting table carrying its rated load
and being used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
The loads shall include all actual static and dynamic forces both vertical and horizontal, all wind forces,
and all forces applied to the platform during loading and unloading.
5.1.1.4 The minimum dynamic forces to be used for the calculations of 5.1.1.3 shall result from
either:
a) the total vertical load (this includes the rated load and the self weight of the moving parts of the
structure) increased by 40 % and;
b) 10 % of the rated load taken as acting horizontally at the platform level, in the direction causing
the maximum stress in the part being considered.
If side barriers prevent movement of the load in a particular direction this direction need not be
considered.
or alternatively lifting tables may be also allocated to the following categories:
Lifting
Examples of use
category
Lifting tables with a clearly defined lifting load and
1 1,1 2,5 % 8 where other forces can be excluded; height
adjustment without systematic lateral forces.
Lifting tables suited for the use of manual work; e. g.
2 1,2 5,0 % 32
adjustable height work station
Lifting tables suited for crossing with, e. g. manually
operated industrial trucks, electric pallet-stacking
3 1,3 10 % 128
trucks with a maximum braking of 10 %.
Lifting tables with mounted gravity conveyors.
Lifting tables suited for passing with, e. g. power-driven
industrial trucks, electric pallet-stacking truck with a
4 1,4 20 % 512
maximum braking of 20 %.
Lifting tables with mounted powered conveyors.
When a lifting table is crossed by vehicles, or is integrated in a handling device, the lateral forces have to be
verified in individual cases. Higher horizontal load coefficients have to be established if required.

5.1.1.5 If persons are to be carried on the platform, their load shall be taken as 80 kg,
concentrated in an area of 0,2 m by 0,2 m for each person, spaced apart at 0,5 m centre to centre
and placed in the most unfavourable position on the platform for stress calculations.
Dynamic factor
Horizontal load
coefficient
[in % of the rated load]
Minimum load cycles
under full load [x10 ]
5.1.1.6 It shall be possible for the forces produced when the safety device is operated, to be
accepted without permanent deformation of the normal load bearing parts, when used in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.1.1.7 Every lifting table shall also be designed to at least:
a) in one case lift half the rated load distributed over half the length of the platform;
b) and in another case lift one third of the rated load distributed over half the width of the platform.
In neither case shall hazardous tilting or deflection take place when used as intended by the
manufacturer.
5.1.2 Stability
5.1.2.1 Lifting tables shall be stable (i. e. will not overturn) in all conditions of the platform or table,
whether stationary or moving.
The calculated factor of safety shall not be less than 1,3. This shall be calculated by dividing the sum
of all the stabilizing moments by the sum of all the worst overturning moments. The overturning
moments are to include all dynamic forces and all externally imposed forces including those caused
by transfer on and off the platform and those caused by persons. For this calculation the rated load
shall be evenly distributed over an area half the length times half the width of the platform, in the
worst overturning position.
The “tilting edge” is to be decided by the manufacturer.
5.1.2.2 Where persons are to be carried on the platform, the worst overturning movement of
these persons shall be taken into account in these calculations. Manual forces applied by persons on
the platform shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,1 and taken to be acting in the direction creating the
greater overturning moment.
5.1.2.3 If the lifting table is capable of tilting, the worst overturning position shall include the
maximum tilt.
5.1.2.4 In the case of mobile lifting tables, it shall be assumed that they are raising and lowering
on a slope of 2,5 % (1 in 40) in the worst direction for stability.
5.1.2.5 For these calculations it shall be assumed that outriggers or stabilizers are correctly set.
5.2 Safeguarding
5.2.1 Generally crushing and shearing shall be avoided by the following minimum gaps between
moving parts and between moving and fixed parts:
 for fingers, 25 mm;
 for toes, 50 mm;
 for hands, 100 mm;
 for arms and closed hands, 120 mm;
 for the body, 500 mm.
5.2.2 As an alternative to these minimum gaps other safety measures shall be taken to avoid the
operator or any other person being endangered, e. g.
 screens;
 barriers;
 deflectors;
 non-mechanically actuated trip device complying with EN 61496;
 mechanically actuated trip device complying with category 1 of EN 954-1;
 multiple controls requiring simultaneous operation.
Some of these examples will not be sufficient by themselves in particular cases, e. g.:
 if the lifting table is in an area closed by a fixed guard and the access is prevented during the
operation (e. g., fully automatic systems, with robots), then no protection device is required.
 if the lifting table is automatically actuated and the area is accessible to persons, the underside of
the lift platform shall be protected by fixed guards or by an equivalent device in order to avoid the
access to the mechanism. Moreover, if necessary, the lifting table shall verify the requirement of
either 5.2.4 or 5.2.6.
 if the lifting table is in an area, not accessible to the public and fitted with controls on the platform,
the underside of the platform shall be protected by fixed guards or flexible guards in conjunction
with the trip device as described in 5.2.6 and 5.2.7, which prohibit the access to the mechanism.
 lifting tables which operate in areas to which the public (especially small children) could
reasonably be foreseen to have access, the mechanism with scissors shall be protected by fixed
guard or flexible guards in conjunction with the trip device as described in 5.2.6 and 5.2.7.
5.2.3 In scissor type lifting tables, the minimum safety gaps between the scissor legs and the outer
scissor leg and the base frame shall be as shown in Figure 1.
5.2.4 When lowering a minimum of free space for the feet shall be provided in accordance with
Figure 2 to prevent crushing and shearing of feet.
5.2.5 Where the machine is totally enclosed by the manufacturer with an imperforate rigid guard or
is “safe by position” the minimum gaps given in 5.2.1 are not necessary. If the machine is only partly
enclosed by an imperforate rigid guard, then these gaps or an acceptable alternative (in accordance
with 5.2.2), shall be provided in the parts of the machine not enclosed.
If an imperforate rigid guard is used then this shall comply with the requirements of standards EN 295
and EN 811.
5.2.6 If a mechanically actuated trip device is fitted to the outer edges of the platform then it is
necessary to maintain only the minimum gaps for fingers inside the area safeguarded by the device.
The outer surface of the device shall not be more than 8 mm from the outer edge of the platform as
shown in Figure 3.
5.2.7 Safety devices shall operate so that the moving part causing the hazard comes to a stop
before injury is caused. They shall not create another hazard.
Where a mechanically operated trip device (e. g. hanging or pivoted trip bar) is fitted to the underside
of the platform the trip device when actuated shall stop all movement of the platform downwards and
hold it stopped until the down control has been released, the obstruction removed, the device reset
(either manually or automatically) and the down control re-operated.
It shall always be possible to raise the platform in order to clear the obstruction.
5.2.8 All moving parts and parts which pass each other or fixed structures, and which persons may
contact, shall have no sharp edges, no sharp angles and no rough surfaces.
5.2.9 All moving parts that could entangle a person or their clothing shall be avoided by design or,
where this is not possible, they shall be guarded.
5.2.10 All nip points (belts, chains, ropes passing over pulleys, flexible couplings, elements of
telescopic guides, etc.) shall be safeguarded to prevent drawing-in or injury to any persons. Care shall
be taken that the guard itself does not form a hazard.

Figure 1 — Gaps between arms and base of scissor lifting tables

Figure 2 — Minimum foot clearances when lowering

Figure 3 — Arrangement of mechanically actuated trip device
5.2.11 Self-propelled lifting tables that are manually controlled shall be fitted with an audible warning
device controlled from the operating position.
If the automatically controlled lifting table is intended to be used in an area from which persons are
not excluded, persons shall be automatically protected from impact of the lifting table (e. g. by
pressure sensitive buffers or photo-electric devices) and an acoustic and/or visual warning device
(e. g. flashing lamp) shall operate whenever movement takes place.
5.2.12 All lifting tables, where there is a risk of persons falling more than 0,5 m, shall be fitted with
means complying as a minimum with clause 5.2.13 to prevent persons falling from the platform.
Up to 1,6 m above ground level this requirement does not apply to the side(s) of the lifting table
intended to be used to load or unload the platform if:
a) there exists an area of at least 50 cm ✕ 60 cm protected with means complying as a minimum
with clause 5.2.13 for the operator travelling with the platform and the lifting table is not intended
to travel horizontally with persons on the platform.
5.2.13 Requirements for guard-rails

Figure 4 — Example of horizontal guard-rail

Figure 5 — Clear space between two guard-rail segments
5.2.13.1 A guard-rail shall be provided when the gap between a lifting table platform and structure
of a machine or wall is greater than 30 mm.
5.2.13.2 The minimum clear horizontal distance between a guard-rail and structure of a machine
or wall is 100 mm.
5.2.13.3 The minimum height of the guard-rail shall be 1 100 mm.
5.2.13.4 The guard-rail shall include at least one intermediate knee-rail or any other equivalent
protection. The clear space between the handrail and the knee-rail, as well as the knee-rail and the
toe-plate, shall not exceed 500 mm.
5.2.13.5 When vertical uprights are used instead of a knee-rail the clear horizontal distance
between those uprights shall be 180 mm maximum.
5.2.13.6 A toe-plate with a minimum upstand of 100 mm shall be placed 10 mm maximum above
the platform.
5.2.13.7 The distance between the axes of the upright stanchions is preferred to be limited to
1 500 mm but, if this distance is exceeded, special attention shall be paid to the stanchion anchoring
strength and the fixing devices.
5.2.13.8 In the case of an interrupted guard-rail, to prevent hand traps the clear space between
the two segments should not be less than 75 mm and not greater than 120 mm (see figure 5). If there
is a larger opening, a self closing gate shall be used.
5.2.13.9 Where access through the guard-rail is required, a gate meeting the requirements of
5.2.14 shall be used. A gate shall have the hand-rail, knee-rail and toe-plate positioned at the same
level as that of the guard-rail that it extends.
5.2.13.10 The guard-rail shall support, without any perceivable permanent deformation, an
unfactored horizontally applied point load equal to the service load, applied first to the top of the
stanchion, then at the least favourable point along the handrail. In both cases, the maximum loaded
deflection shall not exceed 30 mm.
The minimum service load F = 300 N/m ✕ maximum distance, in metres, between the axes of two
min
successive stanchions.
NOTE 1 F should be increased according to the conditions of use without exceeding the above required
min
deflection value.
NOTE 2 It is essential to test the strength of the guard-rail under factored load conditions should it be required
to verify the absence of any perceivable permanent deflection
5.2.14 If gates or opening parts of the protection means are fitted, they shall be either:
a) inward opening only and held closed by continuous spring pressure, or
b) if outward opening they shall be mechanically interlocked such that they can only be opened
when the platform is level with a permanent landing.
c) it shall not be possible for the lift platform to depart from a landing unless the opening parts of the
protection means are closed.
5.2.15 Landing Entrances
5.2.15.1 Where fixed landings exist above the lowest travel position of the platform, guard rails or
gates shall be provided to prevent persons or goods falling into the travel zone when the platform is
not present at a landing.
5.2.15.2 These guard rails or gates shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1, 5.2.2 and 5.2.13
5.2.15.3 Gates or opening parts of the guard rail shall not open into the travel zone and shall be
held closed by mechanical means and electrically or pneumatically interlocked such that the barrier
can only be opened when the platform is present at the landing. It shall not be possible for the lift
platform to depart from the landing unless the opening parts of the barrier are closed.
5.2.15.4 It shall not be possible for the lifting table platform to move more than 150 mm from the
landing unless the gates or opening parts of the barrier are locked.
5.2.15.5 It shall not be possible for goods on the platform to overhang the travel zone.
5.2.16 If any parts of the driving system (e. g. hydraulic tanks, motors etc.) are designed to operate
at a temperature of above 55˚C, these parts shall be protected or positioned to avoid contact of
persons.
5.2.17 A blocking device shall be fitted to all lifting tables to allow maintenance and repair work to be
carried out below the platform in safety. This device shall be capable of supporting the platform with
its rated load, and of being operated from a safe position.
It shall not be possible to remove the blocking system unless the platform is supported by the lifting
mechanism.
For powered blocking systems it is required to clearly indicate the blocking system is correctly
positioned.
5.2.18 All lifting tables with power operated lifting and lowering movements and fitted with retractable
outriggers, shall have the raising/lowering system interlocked with the correct setting of the outriggers.
5.2.19 Devices shall be fitted to all lifting tables to stop the descent of the platform if the speed of the
platform exceeds the maximum design speed. The platform shall be stopped before the descent
speed exceeds 0,25 m/s.
This does not apply to structural failure.
If pipe rupture valves are used to stop the platform on hydraulic multi-cylinder driven lifting tables, it
shall be impossible for any hydraulic cylinder to be overloaded by more than 100 % of the maximum
working pressure (e. g. by use of a balance system).
This pipe rupture valve need not be fixed directly to the cylinder if between the valve and cylinder only
rigid steel pipe with “security swaged” fittings or similar connections are used
When the lifting table is lifted by more than one cylinder, if one cylinder fails, other cylinders shall be
able to support the lifting table with its nominal load without failure, but it is not required that they are
able to lift the platform.
5.2.20 Lifting tables which are safe by position and have a nominal descent speed exceeding
0,15 m/s, may reach not more than 1,5 times the nominal descent speed in case of leakage in the
hydraulic system.
5.2.21 In normal operation, it shall not be possible to enter the danger zone of a programme
controlled lifting table before switching off the control system and deleting or entering commands.
Reconnection of the control system has to be prevented as long as any person is standing on the
platform or within the danger zone.
To fulfil the needs of repair and service, such programme controlled lifting tables may be fitted with a
switch to select a “maintenance mode”. This switch shall be protected with a Security device (e. g. a
code, a key) to prevent persons who are not in possession of this device selecting the maintenance
mode position. The selection of this maintenance mode shall render ineffective all normal controls
other than emergency stop buttons and shall give full control to the maintenance operator control
panel. This control panel shall be fitted with both:
 Hold to run controls only;
 Emergency stop button complying with EN 418.
In addition, the operator may only start an automatic function from the maintenance control panel,
making the table lift or lower at a speed not exceeding 0,15 m/s.
5.3 Speeds
5.3.1 The average lifting and lowering speed of the platform shall not
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