SIST EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1:2006

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Close Range Inductive Data Communication equipment operating at 13,56 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

The present document applies to Close Range Inductive Data transmitters and receivers operating at 13,56 MHz. The present document contains the technical characteristics for radio equipment and is referencing in CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 [1] and ERC Decisions. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. It is a specific product standard covering specific close range inductive data equipment:
- with an inductive loop antenna;
- with an antenna connection and/or with an integral antenna;
- for alarms, identification systems, telecommand, telemetry, etc.
When selecting new applications, which may have inherent safety of human life implications, manufacturers and users should pay particular attention to the potential for interference from other systems operating in the same or adjacent bands. The present document covers fixed stations, mobile stations and portable stations. If a system includes transponders, these are measured together with the transmitter. All types of modulation for radio devices are covered by the present document, provided the requirements of clause 7 are met.
The radio equipment, covered by the present document has a maximum radiated field strength given in table 1.
On non-harmonized parameters, national administrations may impose conditions on the type of modulation, frequency, channel/frequency separations, maximum transmitter radiated field strength/maximum output current to a defined antenna, duty cycle, equipment marking and the inclusion of an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, as a condition for the issue of an individual or general licence, or as a condition for use under licence exemption. Two types of measuring methods are defined in the present document due to the varied nature of the types of equipment used in this band. One method measures the radiated H-field and the second the radiated power. The present document covers requirements for radiated emissions below as well as above 30 MHz. Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment such as that intended for connection to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) – Induktivna podatkovna komunikacijska oprema z zelo kratkim dosegom, ki deluje na 13,56 MHz – 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2006
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Due Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Mar-2006
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-05) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Close Range Inductive Data Communication equipment operating at 13,56 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50±
1DSUDYHNUDWNHJDGRVHJD65'±,QGXNWLYQDSRGDWNRYQDNRPXQLNDFLMVNDRSUHPD
]]HORNUDWNLPGRVHJRPNLGHOXMHQD0+]±GHO7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQ
SUHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices
(SRD); Close Range Inductive Data Communication equipment operating at 13,56 MHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 291-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Close Range Inductive Data Communication
equipment operating at 13,56 MHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG23-015-1
Keywords
data, inductive, radio, short range, SRD
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
1 Scope.7
2 References.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirements specifications.9
4.1 General requirements.9
4.1.1 Receiver classification.9
4.1.2 General performance criteria .10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .10
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative radiated field or power levels.11
4.2.3 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 ohm RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) .11
4.2.3.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector.11
4.2.3.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector.11
4.2.4 On-site testing.11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Controls.11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.11
4.3.4 Receiver mute or squelch.12
4.3.5 CE Marking.12
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification.12
4.4 Declarations by the applicant .12
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment .12
4.6 Interpretation of the measurement results .12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .13
5.2 Test power source.13
5.2.1 External test power source.13
5.2.2 Internal test power source .13
5.3 Normal test conditions.13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.13
5.3.2 Normal test power source .14
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.14
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .14
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.14
5.4 Extreme test conditions .14
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.14
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.14
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation .14
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation .14
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.15
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.15
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.15
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .15
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries.15
5.4.2.4 Other power sources.16
6 General conditions.16
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation.16
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data .16
6.2 Artificial antenna.16
6.2.1 Artificial antenna for transmitters with 50 ohm impedance connector .16
6.3 Test fixture.16
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .16
6.5 Measuring receiver.17
7 Transmitter requirements.17
7.1 Transmitter carrier output levels .18
7.1.1 H-field (radiated).18
7.1.1.1 Definition.18
7.1.1.2 Methods of measurement.18
7.1.1.3 Limits.18
7.2 Transmitter spurious emissions .19
7.2.1 Definition.19
7.2.2 Conducted spurious emissions.19
7.2.2.1 Methods of measurement (≥ 30 MHz) .19
7.2.2.2 Limits.20
7.2.3 Radiated spurious emissions.20
7.2.3.1 Methods of measurement (< 30 MHz) .20
7.2.3.2 Limits.20
7.2.4 Effective radiated spurious power .20
7.2.4.1 Methods of measurement (≥ 30 MHz) .20
7.2.4.2 Limits.21
7.3 Duty cycle.21
7.3.1 Definitions.21
7.3.2 Declaration.22
7.3.3 Duty cycle classes.22
8 Receiver requirement.22
8.1 Blocking or desensitization .22
8.1.1 Definition.22
8.1.2 Methods of measurement.22
8.1.3 Limits.23
8.2 Receiver spurious emissions.23
8.2.1 Definition.23
8.2.2 Methods of measurement.23
8.2.3 Limits.24
8.2.3.1 Radiated emissions below 30 MHz.24
8.2.3.2 Radiated and conducted emissions above 30 MHz .24
9 Measurement uncertainty.24
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.25
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.25
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.25
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.26
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .27
A.1.4 Test antenna.28
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.29
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.29
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.29
A.1.7.1 General.29
A.1.7.2 Description.29
A.1.7.3 Calibration.29
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .30
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .30
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .30
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.30
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.30
A.2.4 Range length.30
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
A.2.4.1 Far-field length above 30 MHz.30
A.2.4.2 Near-field and Far-field length below 30 MHz.31
A.2.5 Site preparation.31
A.3 Coupling of signals.32
A.3.1 General.32
A.3.2 Data Signals.32
A.4 Standard test position.32
A.5 Test fixture.33
A.5.1 Description.33
A.5.2 Calibration.33
A.5.3 Mode of use.34
Annex B (normative): Technical performance of the spectrum analyser.35
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.36
History .37

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Short Range Devices (SRD); Close Range
Inductive Data Communication equipment operating at 13,56 MHz as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 8 July 2005
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2005
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2006
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2006

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
1 Scope
The present document applies to Close Range Inductive Data transmitters and receivers operating at 13,56 MHz.
The present document contains the technical characteristics for radio equipment and is referencing in
CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 [1] and ERC Decisions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. It is a specific product standard covering specific close
range inductive data equipment:
- with an inductive loop antenna;
- with an antenna connection and/or with an integral antenna;
- for alarms, identification systems, telecommand, telemetry, etc.
When selecting new applications, which may have inherent safety of human life implications, manufacturers and users
should pay particular attention to the potential for interference from other systems operating in the same or adjacent
bands.
The present document covers fixed stations, mobile stations and portable stations. If a system includes transponders,
these are measured together with the transmitter.
All types of modulation for radio devices are covered by the present document, provided the requirements of clause 7
are met.
The radio equipment, covered by the present document has a maximum radiated field strength given in table 1.
Table 1: Maximum radiated H-field at 13,56 MHz
Radiated H-field
+25 dBµA/m at 10 m
On non-harmonized parameters, national administrations may impose conditions on the type of modulation, frequency,
channel/frequency separations, maximum transmitter radiated field strength/maximum output current to a defined
antenna, duty cycle, equipment marking and the inclusion of an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, as a condition for
the issue of an individual or general licence, or as a condition for use under licence exemption.
Two types of measuring methods are defined in the present document due to the varied nature of the types of equipment
used in this band. One method measures the radiated H-field and the second the radiated power.
The present document covers requirements for radiated emissions below as well as above 30 MHz.
Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment such as that intended for connection to the Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation O.153: "Basic parameters for the measurement of error performance at
bit rates below the primary rate".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods;
Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (parts 2 to 4): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[6] ANSI C63.5: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission
Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas (9 kHz to
40 GHz)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
artificial antenna: tuned reduced-radiating dummy load equal to the nominal impedance specified by the applicant
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part
of the equipment
fixed station: equipment intended for use in a fixed location
H-field test antenna: electrically screened loop or equivalent antenna, with which the magnetic component of the field
can be measured
identification system: equipment consisting of a transmitter(s), receiver(s) (or a combination of the two) and an
antenna(s) to identify objects by means of a transponder
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be build-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
portable station: equipment intended to be carried, attached or implanted
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
telecommand: use of radio communication for the transmission of signals to initiate, modify or terminate functions of
equipment at a distance
telemetry: use of radio communication for indicating or recording data at a distance
transponder: device, that responds to an interrogation signal
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Electrical field strength
e.r.p effective radiated power
f frequency
f carrier frequency
C
H magnetic field strength
oct octave
P Power
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R distance
t time
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
OATS Open Area Test Site
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Receiver classification
The product family of short range radio devices is divided into three Equipment Classes, see table 2, each having its
own set of minimum performance criteria. This classification is based upon the impact on persons in case the equipment
does not operate above the specified minimum performance level.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
Table 2: Receiver classification
Receiver class Relevant receiver clauses Risk assessment of receiver performance
Highly reliable SRD communication media; e.g. serving
1 8.1 and 8.2 human life inherent systems (may result in a physical risk
to a person)
Medium reliable SRD communication media e.g. causing
2 8.1 and 8.2 Inconvenience to persons, which cannot simply be
overcome by other means
Standard reliable SRD communication media
3 8.2 e.g. Inconvenience to persons, which can simply be
overcome by other means (e.g. manual)
NOTE: With reference to the present document manufacturers are recommended to declare classification
of their devices in accordance with table 2 as relevant. In particular where the equipment which
may have an inherent safety of human life implications, manufacturers and users should pay
particular attention to the potential for interference from other systems operating in the same or
adjacent bands.
4.1.2 General performance criteria
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the receiver will produce an appropriate output under normal
conditions as indicated below. Where the indicated performance cannot be achieved or if it defined differently, the
manufacturer shall declare and publish the performance criteria used to determine the performance of the receiver:
-2
- after demodulation, a data signal with a bit error ratio of 10 or better; or
- after demodulation, a message acceptance ratio of 80 % or better.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing where type approval is still in force shall fulfil the requirements of the present
document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate.
The applicant shall declare the frequency ranges, the range of operating conditions and power requirements in
consultation with the Administration(s), as applicable, to establish the appropriate test conditions.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
A test fixture for equipment with an integral antenna may be supplied by the applicant (see clause 6.3). For equipment
supplied without an antenna, the connector shall be 50 ohm for artificial antenna measurements.
If an equipment is designed to operate with different radiated field strengths or power level, measurement of each
transmitter parameter shall be performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in
clause 4.2.1.
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.4.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
The applicant shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Stand alone equipment shall be offered by the applicant complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing.
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the applicant and agreed by the test laboratory.
Where practicable, equipment offered for testing shall provide a 50 ohm connector for conducted RF power level
measurements.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
In the case of integral antenna equipment, if the equipment does not have a internal permanent 50 ohm connector then it
is permissible to supply a second sample of the equipment with a temporary antenna connector fitted to facilitate
testing, see clause 4.2.3.
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative radiated field or power levels
If a family of equipment has alternative radiated field strengths or output power levels provided by the use of separate
power modules or add on stages, then these shall be declared by the applicant. Each module or add on stage shall be
tested in combination with the equipment. As a minimum, measurements of the radiated power (e.r.p.) and spurious
emissions shall be performed for each combination and shall be stated in the test report.
4.2.3 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 ohm RF
connector (integral antenna equipment)
4.2.3.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector
The means to access and/or implement the internal permanent or temporary antenna connector shall be stated by the
applicant with the aid of a diagram. The fact that use has been made of the internal antenna connection, or of a
temporary connection, to facilitate measurements shall be recorded in the test report.
4.2.3.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector
The applicant, may submit one set of equipment with the normal antenna connected, to enable radiated measurements to
be made. The applicant shall attend the test laboratory at the conclusion of the radiated measurements, to disconnect the
antenna and fit the temporary connector. The testing laboratory staff shall not connect or disconnect any temporary
antenna connector.
Alternatively, the applicant may submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary antenna
connector with the antenna disconnected and another equipment with the antenna connected. Each equipment shall be
used for the appropriate tests. The applicant shall declare that the two sets of equipment are identical in all aspects
except for the antenna connector.
4.2.4 On-site testing
In certain cases it may not be possible to provide representative samples of antennas and/or equipment due to physical
constraints if the equipment is part of an other large installation. In these cases equivalent measurements to the present
document shall be made at a representative installation of the equipment (on-site testing).
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment submitted by the applicant should be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with sound
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3.2 Controls
Those controls which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shall not be easily
accessible to the user.
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility
If the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it should be made inoperative for the
duration of the test.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
4.3.4 Receiver mute or squelch
If the receiver is equipped with a mute, squelch or battery-saving circuit, this circuit should be made inoperative for the
duration of the tests.
4.3.5 CE Marking
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable.
In cases where the devices are too small to carry legible marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in
the users' manual and on the product packaging.
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification
The marking should be based on CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 [1] and include as a minimum:
- the name of the manufacturer or his trade mark;
- temperature range, see clause 5.4.1;
- the type designation; and
- equipment classification, see clause 4.1.1.
4.4 Declarations by the applicant
When submitting equipment for testing, the applicant shall supply the necessary information required by the appropriate
application form.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model.
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.6 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded in the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
- the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
- the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;
- the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the
figures for measurement uncertainty in clause 9.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 Test power source
The equipment shall be tested using the appropriate test power source as specified in clauses 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Where
equipment can be powered using either external or internal power sources, then the equipment shall be tested using the
external power source as specified in clause 5.2.1 then repeated using the internal power source as specified in
clause 5.2.2.
The test power source used shall be stated in the test report.
5.2.1 External test power source
During tests, the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source capable of producing
normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test
power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the
voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. The external test
power source shall be suitably de-coupled as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated
measurements any external power leads should be arranged so as not to affect the measurements.
During tests the test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning
of each test. The value of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance will provide
a better uncertainty value for these measurements.
5.2.2 Internal test power source
For radiated measurements on portable equipment with integral antenna, fully charged internal batteries should be used.
The batteries used should be as supplied or recommended by the applicant. If internal batteries are used, at the end of
each test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ±5 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test.
If appropriate, for conducted measurements or where a test fixture is used, an external power supply at the required
voltage may replace the supplied or recommended internal batteries. This shall be stated on the test report.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
- temperature: +15°C to +35°C;
- relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 291-1 V1.1.1 (2005-07)
5.3.2 Normal test power source
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose
of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which
the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources
When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source,
the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.3 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primar
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