SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998

Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples (ISO 12777-1:1994)

Describes test methods for the determination of the bending resistance of pallet nails, staples and other dowel-type fasteners. Includes test for the ultimate strength in static bending and impact bend resistance. These test methods apply to all types of nails.

Prüfungen von Verbindungen an Paletten - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Biegefestigkeit von Palettennägeln, Klammern und anderen dübelartigen Verbindungselementen (ISO 12777-1:1994)

Dieser Teil von ISO 12777 beschreibt Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung der Biegefestigkeit von Palettennägeln, Klammern und anderen dübelartigen Verbindungselementen. Er enthält Prüfungen für die: a) Grenzfestigkeit bei ruhender Biegebeanspruchung (Dreipunkt- und Vierpunktbelastung); b) Schlagbiegefestigkeit (Dreipunktbelastung).

Méthodes d'essai des assemblages de palettes - Partie 1: Détermination de la résistance a la flexion des clous et autres éléments de fixation de type cheville, et des clous cavaliers (ISO 12777-1:1994)

La présente partie de l'ISO 12777 prescrit les méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la résistance à la flexion de clous, clous cavaliers, et autres éléments de fixation de type chevilles. Elle inclut des essais de a) résistance à la rupture en flexion statique (méthodes d'application d'efforts en trois et quatre points); b) résistance à la flexion par choc (méthode d'application d'efforts en trois points). Ces méthodes d'essai s'appliquent à tous les types de clous (ronds, carrés, nervurés, torsadés, simples ou filetés), y compris les clous en vrac, en bandes ou en rouleaux, d'un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 6 mm et peuvent également convenir à d'autres éléments de fixation comme les clous cavaliers.

Preskusne metode tovora na paleti - 1. del: Ugotavljanje trdnosti, povezovanja paletnih žebljev in drugih povezovalcev ter trakov (ISO 12777-1:1994)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-1998
• ICS: 21.060.50 - Pins, nails
• ICS: 55.180.20 - General purpose pallets
• Technical Committee: EPO - Packaging - sales and grouped
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Oct-1998
• Due Date: 01-Oct-1998
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-1998
• Directive: 80/232/EEC - Ranges of nominal quantities and nominal capacities permitted for certain pre-packaged products
• Directive: 87/356/EEC - Ranges of nominal quantities and nominal capacities permitted for certain pre-packged products (Dir. 80/232/EEC amendment)
• Ref Project: EN ISO 12777-1:1996 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples (ISO 12777-1:1994)

Relations

• Amended By: SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998/A1:2009 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples - Amendment 1 (ISO 12777-1:1994/Amd 1:2008)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Child: SIST EN ISO 12777-3:2003 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 3: Determination of strength of pallet joints (ISO 12777-3:2002)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Child: SIST EN ISO 12777-2:2001 - Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples (ISO 12777-2:2000)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Overview

SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998 is an international standard developed by CEN that specifies methods for testing the bending resistance of pallet nails, staples, and other dowel-type fasteners. This part of the ISO 12777 series focuses on determining both the ultimate static bending strength and the impact bend resistance of these essential components used in pallet construction. The standard is applicable to all types of nails up to 6 mm diameter, including loose, collated, or coil nails, whether round, square, fluted, twisted, plain, or threaded.

The reliable performance of pallet nails and fasteners is critical for ensuring the structural integrity and durability of pallet joints. SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998 provides precise, repeatable test methods that support manufacturers, test laboratories, and users in quality control, product specification, and comparative performance evaluation of pallet fasteners.

Key Topics

• Test Methods for Bending Resistance

  • Static Bending Tests: Using three-point or four-point loading mechanisms to apply bending force and measure the ultimate torque at failure.
  • Impact Bend Resistance: Measuring the angle of deformation when a standardized weightpiece impacts the fastener, providing dynamic performance data.

• Apparatus and Procedure

  • Detailed descriptions of required test equipment such as clamping devices, bending actuators, torque wrenches, locating and load application devices.
  • Specific procedures for accurate clamping, applying force, and recording maximum torque or angular deformation.

• Result Expression and Reporting

  • Results are expressed in newton metres (Nm) for static bending torque and degrees of deformation for impact tests.
  • Comprehensive test reports must include nail description (e.g., diameter, thread profile), apparatus used, torque values, deformation angles, test dates, and responsible personnel.

• Calibration and Accuracy

  • Emphasizes the importance of equipment calibration using nails with known characteristics to ensure accuracy and repeatability within ±4%.

Applications

• Pallet Manufacturing and Design

  • Enables manufacturers to select nails and fasteners with appropriate bending resistance to optimize pallet joint strength and lifespan.
  • Supports engineering decisions to improve weak joints or design pallets for specific load-bearing requirements.

• Quality Control and Testing Laboratories

  • Provides standardized, recognized procedures for routine testing of nail and fastener batches to ensure consistent product quality.
  • Facilitates comparisons between different fastener designs and materials to select best-performing components.

• Fastener Production

  • Allows manufacturers to verify compliance of nails and staples with customer requirements.
  • Aids in the development and refinement of nail profiles, thread designs, and materials for enhanced bending performance.

• Logistics and Warehousing

  • Improves pallet safety and reliability during transport and storage by ensuring the mechanical integrity of fastener joints under static and dynamic stresses.

Related Standards

• EN ISO 12777 Series: Other parts of the series deal with additional properties of pallet joints, such as nail withdrawal resistance (part 2) and overall joint bending strength (part 3).
• ISO 6789: Standard for torque tools calibration relevant to torque measurements in bending tests.
• ISO 9001: Quality management systems that commonly integrate standards like EN ISO 12777-1 for product testing.
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards: For related electromechanical test devices.

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By adhering to SIST EN ISO 12777-1:1998, stakeholders in pallet production and testing ensure that nail and fastener evaluations are consistent, reliable, and internationally recognized, supporting safer and more durable pallet assemblies. This standard is a core reference for anyone concerned with the mechanical quality and performance of pallet joining elements.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-1998
Preskusne metode tovora na paleti - 1. del: Ugotavljanje trdnosti, povezovanja
paletnih žebljev in drugih povezovalcev ter trakov (ISO 12777-1:1994)
Methods of test for pallet joints - Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet
nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples (ISO 12777-1:1994)
Prüfungen von Verbindungen an Paletten - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Biegefestigkeit von
Palettennägeln, Klammern und anderen dübelartigen Verbindungselementen (ISO 12777
-1:1994)
Méthodes d'essai des assemblages de palettes - Partie 1: Détermination de la résistance
a la flexion des clous et autres éléments de fixation de type cheville, et des clous
cavaliers (ISO 12777-1:1994)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12777-1:1996
ICS:
21.060.50 =DWLþLåHEOML Pins, nails
55.180.20 9HþQDPHQVNHSDOHWH General purpose pallets
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
12777-1
STANDARD
First edition
1994-12-15
Methods of test for pallet joints -
Part 1:
Determination of bending resistance of pallet
nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples
Methodes d’essai des assemblages de palettes -
Partie 7: D&ermination de Ia rksktance a Ia flexion des clous et autres
&ments de fixation de type cheville, et des clous cavaliers
Reference number
ISO 12777-1:1994(E)
ISO 12777=1:1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 12777-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/rC 51, Pallets for unjt load method of materials handling.
ISO 12777 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Methods
of test for pallet joints:
- Part 7: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other
dowel-type fasteners and staples
nails and staples for withdra wal head pull-
- Part 2: Testing of and
through resktance
- Part 3: Determination of bending strength
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
0 ISO
ISO 12777=1:1994(E)
Introduction
In 1988 ISOnC 51 requested lSO/TC 51/WG 2 to develop Standard test
methods for pallet joints. During the early meetings of WG 2 it became
evident that the lack of International Standards on nail testing meant that
fasteners (essential elements of pallet joints) could not be characterized
sufficiently to enable worthwhile progress on full-joint testing. Although
there were existing, or partially developed, nail testing principles, WG 2
considered that, in a practical Situation where for quality control purposes
or comparisons of nail quality reasonably accurate and rapid nail strength
data were required, one, or both, of the two existing commercial nail
testers was (were) better suited to the needs of pallet makers, pallet test
laboratories and nail manufacturers.
Preliminary work by WG 2 led the manufacturers of both machines to
make design modifications to improve accuracy. In November 1990,
WG 2 appointed an ad hoc team of four members to evaluate the ma-
chines. The evaluation, carried out with the cooperation of the
manufacturers/agents of each nail test machine, demonstrated that the
technical requirements for nail test machines/principles were met by both
machines.
The good correlation between the ultimate tensile strength of steel and
the results of nail bending tests disappears once threads are rolled on to
nails. Nail bending resistance is critical to the Performance of a nail and,
for this reason, the bending resistance of finished nails is the recom-
mended method for specifying pallet nails and staples.
Users should not automatically specify the highest grade of nail in a pallet
design, any more than they would automatically specify the strongest
available wood species. In general, it is only to improve the Performance
of a particular joint that is proving a weak link in a pallet design, or to build
in a longer life, etc., that nail upgrading would take place. There are also
many instances where a nail with a lower Performance would be the best
choice, such as in a pallet-mat subassembly constructed with clinched
nails.
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ISO 12777=1:1994(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Q ISO
Methods of test for pallet joints -
Part 1:
Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other
dowel-type fasteners and staples
3 Symbols
1 Scope
Applied forte, in newtons
F
This part of ISO 12777 describes test methods for the
determination of the bending resistance of pallet nails,
Forte of reaction, in newtons
FR
staples and other dowel-type fasteners.
I Impact load (impulse), in newton seconds
lt includes tests for the
nd Applied torque, in newton metres
a) ultimate strength in static bending (three- and
four-Point loading methods);
MR Opposing torque, in newton metres
b) impact bend resistance (three-Point loading
l Nail or staple length, in millimetres, under
method). bending stress (dimension B to C in figures 1
and 3)
These test methods apply to all types of nails, includ-
ing loose, collated or coil nails, up to 6 mm in diam- L Effective length, in millimetres, of load actuator
eter (round, Square, fluted, twisted, plain or threaded)
a Angular movement, in degrees
and may also be suitable for other fasteners such as
staples.
Angle of deformation, in degrees
ß
2 Definition
4 Static bend tests (primary methods)
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12777, the fol-
lowing definition applies.
4.1 Three-Point loading method
2.1 bending resistance
4.1.1 Principle
(1) (Primar-y static method): The ultimate strength
determined in bending configuration using a three- or
A nail, staple or other dowel-type fastener is clamped
four-Point loading method. lt is measured as torque in
in such a way as to resist bending at two Points A and
newton metres.
B (sec figure 1). A forte is then applied to the un-
clamped Portion of the nail at a set Point C, using a
(2) (supplementary impact method): The impact
pivoted bending actuator to which torque is applied.
bend resistance under the application of a given load.
The maximum torque applied is recorded.
lt is measured in degrees as an angle of deformation.

ISO 12777=1:1994(E)
4.1.2 Apparatusl)
The equipment shall have an accuracy and a repeat-
ability of + 4 %.
-
A typical test apparatus is shown in figure 2; it com-
prises the following items.
4.1.2.1
Clamping device, with the front edge (Point
B in figure 1) having a radius of 2 mm.
4.1.2.2 Bending actuators, interchangeable,
pivoted, each fitted with two bending arms, to provide
b)
a range of different mechanical advantages when ap-
A
plying forte to the nail.
4.1.2.3 Framework to Position the actuator in re-
lation to the clamping device.
FR L
4.1.2.4 Means of applying torque to the
actuator, e.g. a torque wrench, and of recording the
maximum torque applied.
') A
NOTE 1 A pl
...