SIST EN 15610:2009
Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measuement related to rolling noise generation
Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measuement related to rolling noise generation
This WI defines rail roughness measurement procedures by:-defining a track preliminary survey in terms of gauge, profile, bright rail surface ("running band"),
- the rail roughness data acquisition protocol for equipment with limited and unlimited length capabilities,
- the procedures for data analysis including data coming from long and short measurements, local defects ("pits & spikes") removal,
- assessment of statistical properties of the results,
- reporting standard formats in order to estimate the combined roughness from vehicle measurements to assess rail roughness over a length of track and the combined effective roughness from vertical rail vibration during pass-by.
Bahnanwendungen - Geräuschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von Rollgeräusch
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein direktes Verfahren zur Charakterisierung der Rauheit der Schienen¬fahrfläche im Hinblick auf das Rollgeräusch fest (akustisch relevante Rauheit). Die Kennzeichnung der Rauheit geschieht in Form eines Terzspektrums.
Die vorliegende Norm gibt ein Verfahren an
zur Messwerterfassung,
zur Verarbeitung der Messwerte, die das Terzspektrum des Rauheitsprofils zum Ergebnis hat,
zur Darstellung dieses Ergebnisses, um anhand von oberen Grenzwerten eine Beurteilung für die akustisch relevante Rauheit durchführen zu können,
zum Vergleich mit einem Grenzwert, der als Terzspektrum über der Wellenlänge vorgegeben ist.
Sie ist anwendbar
zur Prüfung der Eigenschaft von Referenz-Gleisabschnitten, auf denen im Rahmen der Abnahmeprüfung der Fahrzeuge (Typprüfung) innerhalb von drei Monaten Messungen des von Schienenfahrzeugen abgestrahlten Geräuschs durchgeführt werden,
zur Abnahmeprüfung der Schienenqualität, sofern die akustisch relevante Rauheit ein vereinbartes Abnahmekriterium ist.
Sie ist nicht anwendbar
zur Messung der Schienenrauheit mittels eines indirekten Verfahrens,
zur Messung der resultierenden Rad-Schiene-Rauheit,
zur Analyse der Auswirkungen der Rad-Schiene-Wechselwirkung, wie etwa der Filterwirkung des Rad-Schiene-Kontakts,
zur Abnahmeprüfung der Schienenqualität nach erfolgtem Schienenschleifen, es sei denn die akustisch relevante Rauheit (nicht die Riffeln!) ist ein vereinbartes Abnahmekriterium,
zur Beschreibung der Gleisgeometrie.
Prüfung und Zulassung der Messgeräte werden in dieser Norm nicht behandelt.
Applications ferroviaires - Bruit a l'émission - Mesurage de la rugosité des rails relative a la génération du bruit de roulement
La présente norme européenne spécifie une méthode directe de caractérisation de la rugosité de la surface du rail associée au bruit de roulement (« rugosité acoustique »), sous la forme d’un spectre par bandes de tiers d’octave.
Ce document présente une méthode pour :
- la sélection des positions de mesurage,
- l’acquisition de données,
- le traitement des données de mesurage de façon à estimer un jeu de spectres de rugosité par bandes de tiers d’octave,
- la présentation de ces estimations pour la comparaison avec des limites de rugosité acoustique,
- la comparaison avec une limite supérieure donnée, en termes de spectre de longueurs d’ondes par bandes de tiers d’octave.
Il est applicable pour :
- le test des performances de sections de voies de référence pour le mesurage, réalisé dans une période de trois mois sur cette voie, du bruit émis par les véhicules ferroviaires, dans le cadre d’essais de réception,
- la réception de la qualité de surface des rails, seulement dans le cas où le résultat de la mesure directe de la rugosité acoustique est considéré comme un critère de réception établi.
Il n’est pas applicable :
- au mesurage de la rugosité du rail par une méthode indirecte,
- au mesurage de la rugosité combinée roue-rail,
- à l’analyse de l’effet de l’interaction roue-rail comme celle du filtre de contact,
- à la réception d’opérations de reprofilage de rails incluant le meulage, à l’exception de celles où la rugosité acoustique (et non l’usure ondulatoire) est un critère établi de réception,
- à la caractérisation de la géométrie de la voie.
Les essais et l’homologation des appareils de mesurage ne sont pas du domaine d’application de cette norme.
Železniške naprave - Hrup - Merjenje valovitosti vozne površine tirnice, ki povzroča hrup med vožnjo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bahnanwendungen - Geräuschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von RollgeräuschApplications ferroviaires - Bruit a l'émission - Mesurage de la rugosité des rails relative a la génération du bruit de roulementRailway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measuement related to rolling noise generation45.080Rails and railway components17.140.30Emisija hrupa transportnih sredstevNoise emitted by means of transportICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15610:2009SIST EN 15610:2009en01-september-2009SIST EN 15610:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15610:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15610
May 2009 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 English Version
Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measurement related to rolling noise generation
Applications ferroviaires - Bruit à l'émission - Mesurage de la rugosité des rails relative à la génération du bruit de roulement
Bahnanwendungen - Geräuschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von Rollgeräusch This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15610:2009: ESIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Symbols .8 5 Measuring system requirements .8 5.1 General .8 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal .8 5.3 Dimensions of the probe .8 5.4 Tracking of the probe .9 5.5 Sampling interval .9 5.6 Record length .9 6 Data acquisition .9 6.1 General .9 6.2 Test section requirements .9 6.2.1 Track structure .9 6.2.2 Localized geometric features .9 6.3 Reference surface choice .9 6.4 Data sampling . 11 6.4.1 General . 11 6.4.2 Longitudinal sampling . 11 6.4.3 Lateral sampling . 11 6.5 Preparation of the rail head surface . 12 6.6 Acoustic roughness acquisition . 12 7 Data processing . 12 7.1 Principle . 12 7.2 Spike removal technique . 12 7.3 Curvature processing . 13 7.4 Spectral analysis. 14 7.4.1 Method A: Fourier analysis . 14 7.4.2 Method B: digital filtering . 15 7.5 Procedure for extending the wavelength range . 15 7.6 Averaging process. 15 8 Acceptance criteria . 15 9 Presentation of the data . 15 10 Report . 16 Annex A (informative)
Examples of rail defects . 17 Annex B (informative)
Example of program code to implement acoustic roughness processing . 19 B.1 Purpose . 19 B.2 Conditions of use. 19 B.3 List of Matlab program files . 19 B.4 Input data file requirements . 19 B.5 Processing options. 20 B.6 Spectral analysis. 20 B.7 1/3 octave reporting . 20 B.8 Output . 20 SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 3 B.9 Listing . 21 B.9.1 file RoughProcess.m . 21 B.9.2 21 B.9.3 file ruw_curve_rp.m . 27 B.9.4 file noct_rp.m . 28 Annex C (normative)
Algorithm used to synthesize a one-third octave band spectrum from a corresponding narrow band spectrum . 31 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive EU 2008/57/EC . 32 Bibliography . 34
SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15610:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directives 2001/16/EC, 96/48/EC and 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 5
1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies a direct method for characterizing the surface roughness of the rail associated with rolling noise ("acoustic roughness"), in the form of a one-third octave band spectrum. This standard describes a method for: a) selecting measuring positions; b) data acquisition; c) measurement data processing in order to estimate a set of one-third octave band roughness spectra; d) presentation of this estimate for comparison with limits of acoustic roughness; e) comparison with a given upper limit in terms of a one-third octave band wavelength spectrum. 1.2 It is applicable to the: a) performance testing of reference track sections for the measurement, within a period of three months before or after roughness characterization, of noise emitted by railway vehicles for acceptance testing purposes; b) acceptance of the rail surface condition only in the case where the result of the direct measurement of the acoustic roughness is regarded as an established acceptance criterion. 1.3 It is not applicable to the: a) measurement of rail roughness using an indirect method; b) measurement of combined wheel-rail roughness; c) analysis of the effect of wheel-rail interaction, such as a “contact filter”; d) approval of rail reprofiling, including rail grinding operations, except for those where the acoustic roughness (and not the level of corrugation) is an established approval criterion; e) characterization of track geometry. Testing and approval of measuring apparatus are not part of the scope of this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 61260, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics — Preferred frequencies (ISO 266:1997) SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 acoustic roughness r(x) variation in the height of the rail running surface associated with rolling noise excitation expressed as a function of distance x along the rail
3.2 acoustic roughness spectrum )(~λr amplitude of the acoustic roughness expressed as a function of the wavelength λ
3.3 acoustic roughness level Lr level expressed in decibels, given by the following equation:
⋅=202rrlog10RMSrL
(1) where: Lr is the acoustic roughness level in dB,
rRMS is the root mean square roughness in µm,
r0 is the reference roughness; r0 = 1 µm. NOTE This definition applies to values measured either in the form of a wavelength spectrum, or for a specific wavelength band. 3.4 corrugation periodic wear pattern of the rail running surface 3.5 direct roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness measurement method for which the transducer has to be applied directly to the rail surface so that the rail roughness is measured independently of the wheel running surface roughness and independently of any effect of wheel-rail interaction 3.6 indirect roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness measurement method that measures a quantity that is the result of wheel-rail interaction, such as noise, rail or axle box vibration, whereby the original excitation by the combined wheel and rail roughness is inferred 3.7 test section specific section of track associated with a particular set of measurements
SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 7 3.8 running band bright surface of the rail head that contains all the running positions of the wheel-rail contact, associated with current traffic 3.9 reference surface surface of the rail head, within the running band, that is chosen for the acoustic roughness assessment 3.10 reference length dimension of the reference surface in the longitudinal rail direction
3.11 reference width wref
dimension of the reference surface across the rail Figure 1 shows an example of some of the defined terms:
Key c running band d reference surface e
partially conditioned surface
Figure 1 — Example showing defined parameters SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 8 4 Symbols C(x): circular curve of radius 0.375 m used for the acoustic roughness processing; dref: position, relative to the outer surface of the rail head, of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the reference surface; h: height of a spike; Lr: acoustic roughness level; r(x): acoustic roughness function; r'(x): acoustic roughness function processed with the spike removal and curvature algorithm; w: width of a spike; wref: width of the reference surface; x: variable of the distance along the rail; xi: particular position along the rail; z: mean value of height over a given interval; )(r~λ: discrete Fourier Transform of r(x); λ: wavelength. 5 Measuring system requirements 5.1 General Regardless of the fact that this European Standard does not specify any measuring system evaluation or approval, the requirements of the measuring system are defined. This is done solely in terms of output data and parameters relevant to the output data.
The following measuring system requirements apply. 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal The measuring system shall be capable of making valid measurements in the wavelength range and at the relevant acoustic roughness levels for the test site being characterized. However, where it is required simply to show that the estimated acoustic roughness does not exceed a given upper limit, the measuring system shall effect valid measurements for one-third octave band acoustic roughness levels equal to or greater than this limit. This case applies particularly for test section approval. 5.3 Dimensions of the probe If a contact probe is used, the probe tip shall be spherical and its radius shall not exceed 7 mm. In the case of a non-contacting sensor, its effective width shall be less than the sampling interval. SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 9 5.4 Tracking of the probe The measuring system probe shall follow a line on the rail head parallel to the field (outer) face of the rail head, with a tolerance of ± 1 mm. 5.5 Sampling interval
The measuring system shall provide data with a sampling interval less than or equal to 1 mm. 5.6 Record length The system shall provide records of length ≥ 1 m. 6 Data acquisition 6.1 General The aim of the data acquisition procedure is to obtain digitized records of the acoustic roughness of the two rails in the test section measured at a sufficiently high sampling rate per unit of length of rail, and with a record length sufficient to derive from it the acoustic roughness spectrum. Record lengths of at least 1 m are required to estimate the acoustic roughness spectrum covering the wavelength range up to the 0,25 m one-third octave band. NOTE To attain wavelengths greater than 0,25 m, records longer than those specified in this subclause should be obtained. 6.2 Test section requirements
6.2.1 Track structure The track structure shall be constant along the test section, at least in terms of the following parameters: rail cross-section, rail inclination and rail supporting structure. In the case of a ballasted track, the rail supporting structure parameters are: the rail pad type, the rail fasteners, the sleeper type, the sleeper spacing and the ballast. NOTE If the track structure changes, separate test sections should be defined and the acoustic roughness of each should be assessed and presented. 6.2.2 Localized geometric features From the strict point of view of acoustic roughness data acquisition, there is no specific requirement for the test section. However, the rail along the test section may contain localized geometrical features (e.g.: rail defects, wheel burns, etc.), that should not be included in the assessment of the acoustic roughness related to the generation of rolling noise. NOTE The localized rail defects are not significant in the assessment of the acoustic roughness related to the rolling noise component. 6.3 Reference surface choice 6.3.1 General The acoustic roughness of the test section shall be assessed over a reference surface. The reference surface is specified, inside the running band, as follows: SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 10 a) length along the rail; b) transverse width wref, c) relative distance dref to the field face of the rail. 6.3.2 Cases It is the responsibility of the measurement team to define the length, width and position of the reference surface of the two rails and to justify its decision.
Where the acoustic rail roughness measurement is required for rolling stock type acceptance testing, any of the three following cases for that justification shall be used: a) Case 1: the running band on the rail head is clear visually and it is known that this running band is produced by the rolling stock to be measured.
Considering that the wheel-rail contact zone is approximately 10 mm wide, any partially conditioned area at the edges of the running band that are less than half this width shall not be considered to be part of the running band. b) Case 2: the wheel-rail contact zone can be measured for the specific train under test at the time of the acceptance test. NOTE 1 It is recommended that a line be drawn across the rail head with a permanent marker to identify the wheel-rail contact position satisfactorily. It is advisable to check the position at both ends of the test section.
Figure 2 shows a sample application of this method:
Key c effective running band of the trainset wheels d marker ink outside the rolling band Figure 2 — Example of using a permanent marker on the rail surface SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 11 NOTE 2 In judging the width of the reference surface, the minimum width should be taken that is consistent along the test section. c) Case 3: the wheel-rail contact position can be predicted from the geometry of rail and wheel transverse profiles using simulation tools. NOTE 3 There are specific situations (such as hollow worn wheels or worn rail head profiles) in which the contact position on the rail head is erratic. Such situations should be avoided for acceptance tests as they would lead to uncertainties in the test conditions. 6.4 Data sampling 6.4.1 General If the conditions of 6.2.1 are met, a reduced sample representative of the acoustic roughness on the reference surface of the two rails may be produced. Considering that the existing measuring systems record the acoustic roughness in lines along the rail, the variation in the acoustic roughness across the rail head shall be assessed at a limited number of discrete positions. The following data sampling techniques of the rail reference surface shall be applied both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. 6.4.2 Longitudinal sampling The acoustic roughness of the reference section shall be assessed using a number of measured samples distributed over the whole reference length.
To obtain a reliable assessment of the roughness up to a given wavelength, a minimum record length is required. If the acoustic roughness is sampled in such a way that it forms less than 80 % of the overall length of the test section, the following criteria shall apply so that the samples are representative of the whole length of the test section: a) the samples shall be assessed over at least 5 measuring positions for each rail, each at least 1 m long, distributed over the test section; b) depending on the bandwidth range of interest, the samples shall total a length of at least: 1) 15 m for each rail, if the bandwidth range involved does not exceed the 0,25 m one-third octave band; 2) 7,2 m for each rail, if the bandwidth range involved does not exceed the 0,1 m one-third octave band. 6.4.3 Lateral sampling The acoustic roughness shall be assessed equally on each rail for a given width of rail head surface, irrespective of the actual range of wheel-rail contact positions for a given category of rolling stock and shall only be considered to be valid for the part of the rail head that is conditioned by running wear. Therefore, an important aspect of the acquisition process is to define the lateral position of the valid reference surface of the rail. The acoustic roughness shall be measured on the reference surface centre line. If the reference surface is wide enough, two supplementary, parallel, equidistant lines at either side of the centre line shall be measured. The distance between the centre line and the supplementary lines depends on the width of the valid rail reference surface: a) wref
≤ 20 mm: measurement of one line; SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 12 b) 20 mm < wref ≤ 30 mm: measurement of three lines, each 5 mm apart; c) wref > 30 mm: measurement of three lines, each 10 mm apart. NOTE Regardless of the above, a greater number of lines of acoustic roughness may be measured. In this case the lines selected from a greater data set for comparison with acceptance criteria should conform to these rules. 6.5 Preparation of the rail head surface Moisture and other contamination shall be removed from the rail head surface before measuring the acoustic roughness. 6.6 Acoustic roughness acquisition Following the above operations, all the measurements shall be taken and all the data saved before being processed. 7 Data processing 7.1 Principle The following algorithm shall be applied: a) the data shall be processed in three stages before calculating the wavelength spectrum: 1) edit out the data relating to any rail joints, rail head defects and welds. No discontinuities shall be included in the data that would affect the final spectrum analysis (see Annex A). 2) process the data so as to remove narrow upward spikes that are regarded as being linked with the presence of small particles of foreign matter on the rail surface. This is called the "spike removal" process (see 7.2). 3) process the data to take account of the effect of the small radius of the probe tip compared to that of the wheel (see 7.3), as the roughness function depends on the radius of the acoustic roughness sensor. NOTE This processing takes into account the effects of the wheel-rail contact that cause a change in the spectrum content affecting the excitation mechanism of the rolling noise. It cannot be done after the acoustic roughness spectrum has been produced. Other effects, such as that of the "contact filter", are not within the scope of this standard. b) calculate the one-third octave band spectrum for each acoustic roughness record (see 7.4); c) estimate the mean acoustic roughness spectra for the reference section (see 7.6). 7.2 Spike removal technique The spike removal technique is as follows (see Figure 3): a) on the basis of the roughness r(x), calculate the first derivative dr/dx and the second derivative d2r/dx2; b) locate sign changes of dr/dx, indicating a local data minimum or maximum; c) identify the spikes by the criteria d2r/dx2 < -107 µm/m2 and a change of sign for dr/dx; SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 13 d) identify the edges of each spike as being the samples (x1 and x2) on either side of the maxima or minima, for which abs(dr/dx) becomes less than 5 x 103 µm/m; e) calculate the width w of the spike with the formula w = abs (x2-x1).
Key c distance along the rail (metres) d roughness amplitude (micrometres) e spike f pit
g distance along the rail (metres) h roughness amplitude (micrometres)
i measured signal j signal processed with the spike removal algorithm
Figure 3 — Raw data for roughness (left) and spike removal (right)
The ratio between height h and width w of each spike shall be tested with the following criterion: h > w2/a, where h and w are expressed in metres and a = 3 m. If this condition is verified, the spike shall be removed by linear interpolation between x1 and x2. The spike removal procedure shall be repeated until no further spike is detected. 7.3 Curvature processing For each roughness data point xi from the r(x) roughness function, a circular curve Ci(x) of radius 0,375 m is defined passing through the data point r(xi), with its centre located at xi above the r(x) function (see Figure 4). The correction of the acoustic roughness at the roughness data point xi is taken as the maximum difference between the roughness function r(x) and this curve Ci(x), so that the resulting height r'(xi) of the roughness function r(x) is given by the following equation: r’(xi) = max(r(x) - Ci(x)) + r(xi).
SIST EN 15610:2009
EN 15610:2009 (E) 14
Key c Ci(x) d r(x) e xi f r'(xi)- r(xi)
g roughness amplitude h distance along the rail i r(x) j r'(x)
Figure 4 — (not to scale) Curvature processing
Left: principle applied to position xi Right: effect of the curvature processing on a deep pit
7.4 Spectral analysis 7.4.1 General The one-third octave band acoustic roughness spectrum )(~λr shall be determined on the basis of the roughness data, after removal of the pits and spikes, r’(x), by using one of the two methods described below: 7.4.2 Method A: Fourier analysis For this, long data records can be divided into segments. In all cases, the length of the data used in a Fourier transform shall correspond to a length of at least 1 m. If a record is divided into successive segments, a 50 % overlap shall be applied. Each segment shall have a zero mean value and the linear trend removed. A Hanning window shall then be applied. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of each segment is used to produce results in terms of wave number. The magnitude squared of the Fourier transforms of each segment shall be averaged to mak
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15610:2007
01-marec-2007
Železniške naprave – Hrup – Merjenje valovitosti vozne površine tirnice, ki je
vir hrupa med vožnjo
Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measuement related to rolling
noise generation
Bahnanwendungen - Geräuschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf
die Entstehung von Rollgeräusch
Applications ferroviaires - Bruit a l'émission - Mesurage de la rugosité des rails relative a
la génération du bruit de roulement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15610
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
45.080 7UDþQLFHLQåHOH]QLãNLGHOL Rails and railway
components
oSIST prEN 15610:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15610
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2006
ICS
English Version
Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness
measuement related to rolling noise generation
Applications ferroviaires - Bruit à l'émission - Mesurage de Bahnanwendungen - Geräuschemission - Messung der
la rugosité des rails relative à la génération du bruit de Schienenrauheit in Bezug auf die Lärmentstehung
roulement
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15610:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
prEN 15610:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .6
5 Measuring system requirements.6
5.1 General.6
5.2 Precision of the output signal .6
5.3 Dimensions of the probe.7
5.4 Tracking of the probe .7
5.5 Sample rate.7
5.6 Record length.7
6 Data acquisition .7
6.1 General.7
6.2 Requirements of the test section.7
6.2.1 Track structure.7
6.2.2 Localized geometric features .7
6.3 Data sampling .8
6.3.1 General.8
6.3.2 Sampling in the longitudinal direction .8
6.3.3 Sampling in the transverse direction.8
6.4 Preparation of the rail head surface .9
6.5 Acquisition of the acoustic roughness .9
7 Data processing.9
7.1 Principle.9
7.2 Spike removal technique .10
7.3 Curvature processing.10
7.4 Spectral analysis.11
7.4.1 Method A: Fourier analysis.11
7.4.2 Method B: Digital filtering .12
7.5 Procedure for extending the wavelength range .12
7.6 Averaging process.12
8 Acceptance criteria.12
9 Presentation of the data.13
10 Report .13
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
Essential Requirements of Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996 on
the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system .14
Bibliography .15
2
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prEN 15610:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15610:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
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prEN 15610:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This draft European Standard specifies a direct method for characterizing the surface roughness of the rail
associated with rolling noise ("acoustic roughness"), in the form of a one-third octave band displacement
spectrum.
This standard describes a method for:
data acquisition;
measurement data processing in order to estimate the one-third octave displacement spectrum ;
presentation of this estimate for comparison with upper limits of acoustic roughness;
comparison with a given limit in terms of one-third octave band wavelength spectrum.
It is applicable for:
performance testing of reference track sections for the measurement of noise emitted by railway vehicles
over a period of three months from the test, for acceptance testing purposes;
quality approval of the rail surfaces only in the case where the acoustic roughness is regarded as an
established approval criterion.
It is not applicable:
to the measurement of rail roughness using an indirect method;
to the measurement of combined wheel-rail roughness;
to the analysis of the effect of wheel-rail interaction, such as a “contact filter”;
to the approval of rail grinding operations, except for those where the acoustic roughness (and not the
corrugation) is an established approval criterion;
to the characterization of track geometry.
Testing and approval of measuring apparatus are not part of the scope of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 266:1997, Acoustics - Preferred frequencies (ISO 266:1997)
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prEN 15610:2006 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acoustic roughness
r(x)
variation in the height of the rail running surface associated with rolling noise excitation expressed as a
function of distance x along the rail
3.2
acoustic roughness spectrum
~
r (λ)
amplitude of the acoustic roughness expressed as a function of the wavelength λ
3.3
acoustic roughness level
L
r
level expressed in decibels, referenced at 1,0 μm, given by the following equation:
2
r
RMS
L = 10 ⋅log
r
2
r
0
where: L is the acoustic roughness level in dB,
r
r is the root mean square of the roughness in μm,
RMS
r is the reference roughness ; r = 1,0 μm.
0 0
NOTE This definition applies to values measured either in the form of a wavelength spectrum, or for a specific
wavelength band.
3.4
corrugation
periodic wear of the rail running surface
3.5
direct roughness measurement method
refers to an acoustic roughness measurement method for which the measuring sensor has to be applied
directly to the rail surface so that the roughness of the rail is measured independently of the roughness of the
wheel surface, and independently of any wheel-rail interaction
3.6
indirect roughness measurement method
defines an acoustic roughness measurement method that measures a quantity that is the result of wheel-rail
interaction, such as noise, axle box or rail vibration, whereby the original excitation by the combined wheel
and rail roughness is inferred
3.7
test section
specific section or track with which a particular set of measurements is associated
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prEN 15610:2006 (E)
3.8
running band
bright surface of the rail head that contains all the running positions of the wheel-rail contact, associated with
current traffic
3.9
reference surface
surface of the rail head, within the running band, selected to evaluate the acoustic roughness of the rail
3.10
reference length
dimension of the reference surface in the longitudinal direction of the rail
3.11
reference width
transverse dimension of the reference surface of the rail
4 Symbols and abbreviations
x variable expressing distance along the rail
x specific position along the rail
i
r(x) acoustic roughness function
r'(x) acoustic roughness function after processing with the spike removal and curvature
algorithm
~
digital Fourier transform of r(x)
r ( λ )
C(x) circle of radius 0,375 m used for processing the acoustic roughness
wavelength
λ
L
level of acoustic roughness
r
5 Measuring system requirements
5.1 General
Regardless of the fact that this European Standard does not specify any evaluation or approval of a
measuring system, the requirements of the measuring system are defined. This is just in terms of output data
and parameters relevant to the output data. No specifications are given for the technology providing these
results.
The following requirements apply.
5.2 Precision of the output signal
It shall be shown that the measuring system is capable of producing valid measurements in the wavelength
range and for the relevant acoustic roughness levels for the test site to be characterized.
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prEN 15610:2006 (E)
However, if it is a question simply of showing that the estimated acoustic roughness does not exceed a given
upper limit, the measuring system shall effect valid measurements for levels of one-third octave band acoustic
roughness equal to or greater than this limit. This case applies particularly for the approval of reference test
sections.
5.3 Dimensions of the probe
If a contact probe is used, the tip of the probe shall be spherical and its radius shall not be greater than 7 mm.
In the case of a non-contact sensor, its effective width shall be less than the distance between the samples to
be measured.
5.4 Tracking of the probe
The measuring system probe shall follow a line over the rail head parallel to the field (outer) face of the rail,
with a tolerance of ± 1 mm.
5.5 Sample rate
The measuring system shall provide data with a sampling interval less than or equal to 1mm.
5.6 Record length
The system shall be capable of taking records of length ≥ 1 m.
NOTE To obtain wavelengths greater than 0,25 m, it is essential to obtain recordis of length greater than that
specified in 5.6.
6 Data acquisition
6.1 General
The aim of the data acquisition procedure is to obtain digitized records of the acoustic roughness of the two
rails in the test section measured at a sufficiently high sampling rate per unit of length of rail, and with a record
length sufficient to derive from it the acoustic roughness spectrum. Record lengths of at least 1 m are required
...
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