SIST EN 61291-1:2007
(Main)Optical amplifiers -- Part 1: Generic specification
Optical amplifiers -- Part 1: Generic specification
This part of IEC 61291 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified assemblies. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based either on rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and waveguides (POWAs). The object of this standard is: - to establish uniform requirements for transmission, operation, reliability and environmental properties of OAs; - to provide assistance to the purchaser in the selection of consistently high-quality OA products for his particular applications. Parameters specified for OAs are those characterizing the transmission, operation, reliability and environmental properties of the OA seen as a "black box" from a general point of view. In the sectional and detail specifications a subset of these parameters will be specified according to the type and application of the particular OA device or assembly.
Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker - Teil 1: Fachgrundspezifikation
Amplificateurs optiques -- Partie 1: Spécification générique
La présente Norme internationale s'applique à tous les amplificateurs optiques (AO) et sous-ensembles à amplification optique, disponibles sur le marché. Elle s'applique aux AO utilisant des fibres pompées optiquement (AFO basés sur des fibres dopées aux terres rares ou sur l'effet Raman), des semiconducteurs (SOA), et des guides d'ondes (POWA).
Optični ojačevalniki – 1. del: Rodovna specifikacija (IEC 61291-1:2006)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61291-1:2007
01-september-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61291-1:2001
2SWLþQLRMDþHYDOQLNL±GHO 5RGRYQDVSHFLILNDFLMD ,(&
Optical amplifiers -- Part 1: Generic specification (IEC 61291-1:2006)
Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker - Teil 1: Fachgrundspezifikation (IEC 61291-1:2006)
Amplificateurs optiques -- Partie 1: Spécification générique (IEC 61291-1:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61291-1:2006
ICS:
33.180.30 2SWLþQLRMDþHYDOQLNL Optic amplifiers
SIST EN 61291-1:2007 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61291-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.180.30 Supersedes EN 61291-1:1998
English version
Optical amplifiers
Part 1: Generic specification
(IEC 61291-1:2006)
Amplificateurs optiques Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker
Partie 1: Spécification générique Teil 1: Fachgrundspezifikation
(CEI 61291-1:2006) (IEC 61291-1:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61291-1:2006 E
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EN 61291-1:2006 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 86C/705/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61291-1, prepared by SC 86C, Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote
and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61291-1 on 2006-09-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61291-1:1998.
It includes the following significant changes: the applicability has been extended to all commercially
available optical amplifiers, not just optical fiber amplifiers, and definitions for multichannel amplifiers are
included.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-06-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-09-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61291-1:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60793-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-2:2004 (not modified).
IEC 60825-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60825-1:1994 (not modified).
IEC 60825-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60825-2:2004 (not modified).
IEC 60874-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60874-1:1999 (not modified).
__________
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- 3 - EN 61291-1:2006
Annex ZA
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61290 Series Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290 Series
1) 2)
IEC 61290-1-1 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-1-1 2006
Part 1-1: Optical power and gain parameters -
Optical spectrum analyzer method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-1-2 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-1-2 2005
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters -
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-1-3 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-1-3 2005
Part 1-3: Power and gain parameters -
Optical power meter method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-3-1 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-3-1 2003
Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters - Optical
spectrum analyzer method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-3-2 - Optical amplifiers EN 61290-3-2 2003
Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure
parameters - Electrical spectrum analyzer
method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-5-1 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-5-1 2006
Part 5-1: Reflectance parameters - Optical
spectrum analyzer method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-5-2 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-5-2 2004
Part 5-2: Reflectance parameters - Electrical
spectrum analyser method
1) 2)
IEC 61290-5-3 - Basic specification for optical amplifier test EN 61290-5-3 2002
methods
Part 5-3: Test methods for reflectance
parameters - Reflectance tolerance test
method using electrical spectrum analyser
1) 2)
IEC 61290-6-1 - Optical fibre amplifiers - Basic specification EN 61290-6-1 1998
Part 6-1: Test methods for pump leakage
parameters - Optical demultiplexer
1) 2)
IEC 61290-7-1 - Optical fibre amplifiers - Basic specification EN 61290-7-1 1998
Part 7-1: Test methods for out-of-band
insertion losses - Filtered optical power meter
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
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EN 61291-1:2006 - 4 -
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 61290-10-1 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-10-1 2003
Part 10-1: Multichannel parameters - Pulse
method using an optical switch and optical
spectrum analyzer
1) 2)
IEC 61290-10-2 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-10-2 2003
Part 10-2: Multichannel parameters - Pulse
method using a gated optical spectrum
analyzer
1) 2)
IEC 61290-10-3 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-10-3 2003
Part 10-3: Multichannel parameters - Probe
methods
1) 2)
IEC 61290-11-1 - Optical amplifier test methods EN 61290-11-1 2003
Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion -
Jones matrix eigenanalysis method (JME)
1) 2)
IEC 61290-11-2 - Optical amplifiers - Test methods EN 61290-11-2 2005
Part 11-2: Polarization mode dispersion
parameter - Poincaré sphere analysis method
1) 2)
IEC 61291-2 - Optical fibre amplifiers EN 61291-2 2000
Part 2: Digital applications - Performance
specification template
1) 2)
IEC 61291-4 - Optical amplifiers EN 61291-4 2003
Part 4: Multichannel applications -
Performance specification template
1) 2)
IEC 61291-5-2 - Optical amplifiers EN 61291-5-2 2002
Part 5-2: Qualification specifications -
Reliability qualification for optical fibre
amplifiers
1)
IEC/TR 61292-3 - Optical amplifiers - -
Part 3: Classification, characteristics and
applications
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61291-1
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2006-08
Amplificateurs optiques –
Partie 1:
Spécification générique
Optical amplifiers –
Part 1:
Generic specification
IEC 2006 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
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Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
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PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.9
1 Scope and object.11
2 Normative references .11
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .13
3.1 Overview .13
3.2 Terms and definitions – OA devices and distributed amplifiers .19
3.3 Terms and definitions – OA-assemblies.41
3.4 Abbreviated terms .47
4 Classification.49
5 Requirements .51
5.1 Preferred values.51
5.2 Sampling .51
5.3 Product identification for storage and shipping .51
6 Quality assessment .51
7 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements .51
8 Test methods .51
Bibliography.55
Index of definitions .57
Figure 1 – OA device and assemblies .15
Figure 2 – Optical amplifier in a multichannel application .17
Table 1 – Grouping of parameters and corresponding test methods or references .53
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International standard IEC 61291-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical
revision that includes the following significant changes: the applicability has been extended to
all commercially available optical amplifiers, not just optical fiber amplifiers, and definitions for
multichannel amplifiers are included.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
86C/705/FDIS 86C/729/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
61291-1 IEC:2006 – 7 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61291-1 series, published under the general title Optical
amplifiers, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard is devoted to the subject of optical amplifiers. The technology of
optical amplifiers is still rapidly evolving, hence amendments and new editions to this
standard can be expected.
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 11 –
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61291 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and
optically amplified assemblies. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based
either on rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and
waveguides (POWAs). The object of this standard is:
– to establish uniform requirements for transmission, operation, reliability and environmental
properties of OAs;
– to provide assistance to the purchaser in the selection of consistently high-quality OA
products for his particular applications.
Parameters specified for OAs are those characterizing the transmission, operation, reliability
and environmental properties of the OA seen as a “black box” from a general point of view. In
the sectional and detail specifications a subset of these parameters will be specified
according to the type and application of the particular OA device or assembly.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 61290 (all parts): Optical amplifiers –Test methods
IEC 61290-1-1, Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic specification – Part 1-1: Test methods for gain
parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer
IEC 61290-1-2, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
IEC 61290-1-3, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 1-3: Power and gain parameters –
Optical power meter method
IEC 61290-3-1, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters –
Optical spectrum analyzer method
IEC 61290-3-2, Optical amplifiers – Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
IEC 61290-5-1, Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic specification – Part 5-1: Test methods for
reflectance parameters – Optical spectrum analyser
IEC 61290-5-2, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 5-2: Reflectance parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyser method
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
61291-1 IEC:2006 – 13 –
IEC 61290-5-3, Basic specification for optical amplifier test methods – Part 5-3: Test methods
for reflectance parameters – Reflectance tolerance test method using electrical spectrum
analyzer
IEC 61290-6-1, Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic specification – Part 6-1: Test methods for
pump leakage parameters – Optical demultiplexer
IEC 61290-7-1, Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic specification – Part 7-1: Test methods for out-
of-band insertion losses – Filtered optical power meter
IEC 61290-10-1, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 10-1: Multichannel parameters –
Pulse method using an optical switch and optical spectrum analyzer
IEC 61290-10-2, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 10-2: Multichannel parameters –
Pulse method using a gated optical spectrum analyzer
IEC 61290-10-3, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 10-3: Multichannel parameters –
Probe methods
IEC 61290-11-1, Optical amplifier test methods – Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion –
Jones matrix eigenanalysis method (JME)
IEC 61290-11-2, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 11-2: Polarization mode dispersion
parameter – Poincaré sphere analysis method
IEC 61291-2, Optical fibre amplifiers – Part 2: Digital applications – Performance specification
template
IEC 61291-4, Optical amplifiers – Part 4: Multichannel applications – Performance speci-
fication template
IEC 61291-5-2, Optical amplifiers – Part 5-2: Qualification specifications – Reliability
qualification for optical fibre amplifiers
IEC 61292-3, Optical amplifiers – Part 3: Classification, characteristics and applications
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Overview
The definitions listed in this clause refer to the meaning of the terms used in the specifications
of OAs. Only those parameters listed in the appropriate specification template, as in
IEC 61291-2 and IEC 61291-4, are intended to be specified.
NOTE 1 The numbered terms in this clause are indexed and cross-referenced in Annex A.
The list of parameter definitions of OAs, given in this clause, is divided into two parts: the first
part, in 3.2, lists those parameters relevant for OA devices, namely power, pre-, line-, and
distributed amplifiers; the second part, in 3.3 lists the parameters relevant for optically
amplified, elementary assemblies, namely the optically amplified transmitter (OAT) and the
optically amplified receiver (OAR).
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 15 –
In any case where the value of a parameter is given for a particular device, it will be
necessary to specify certain appropriate operating conditions such as temperature, bias
current, pump optical power, etc. In this clause, two different operating conditions are referred
to: nominal operating conditions, which are those suggested by the manufacturer for normal
use of the OA, and limit operating conditions, in which all the parameters adjustable by the
user (e.g. temperature, gain, pump laser injection current, etc.) are at their maximum values,
according to the absolute maximum ratings stated by the manufacturer.
The OA shall be considered as a “black box”, as shown in Figure 1. The OA device shall have
two optical ports, namely an input and an output port (Figure 1a). The OAT and OAR are to be
considered as an OA integrated on the transmitter side or on the receiver side, respectively.
Both kinds of integration imply that the connection between the transmitter or the receiver and
the OA is proprietary and not to be specified. Consequently, only the optical output port can
be defined for the OAT (after the OA, as shown in Figure 1b) and only the optical input port
can be defined for the OAR (before the OA, as shown in Figure 1c). The optical ports may
consist of unterminated fibres or optical connectors. Electrical connections for power supply
(not shown in Figure 1) are also necessary. Following this "black box" approach, the typical
loss of one connection and the corresponding uncertainty will be included within the values of
gain, noise figure and other parameters of the OA device.
NOTE 2 For distributed amplifiers, as described in Clause 4, this black-box configuration may be simulated for test
purposes, for example by attaching a reference fibre to test a Raman pump unit.
Input Output Output Input
Tx
OA OA
OA Rx
port port port port
IEC 1483/06
Figure 1a – OA device Figure 1b – OAT Figure 1c – OAR
Figure 1 – OA device and assemblies
The OA amplifies signals in a nominal operating wavelength region. In addition, other signals
outside of the band of operating wavelength can in some applications, also cross the OA. The
purpose of these out-of-band signals and their wavelength, or wavelength region, can be
specified in the detail specifications.
When signals at multiple wavelengths are incident on the OA, as is the case in multichannel
systems, suitable adjustment of the definitions of some existing relevant parameters is
needed together with the introduction of definitions of new parameters relevant to this
different application.
A typical configuration of an OA in a multichannel application is shown in Figure 2. At the
transmitting side m signals, coming from m optical transmitters, Tx , Tx , . . . Tx , each with a
1 2
m
unique wavelength, λ , λ , . . . λ , respectively, are combined by an optical multiplexer (OM).
1 2
m
At the receiving side the m signals at λ , λ , . . . λ , are separated with an optical
1 2
m
demultiplexer (OD) and routed to separate optical receivers, Rx , Rx , . . . Rx , respectively.
1 2
m
To characterize the OA in this multichannel application, an input reference plane and an
output reference plane are defined at the OA input and output ports, respectively, as shown in
Figure 2.
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 17 –
Input Output
Tx Rx
1 1
reference reference
plane
plane
Tx Rx2
2
OM OD
OA
P P
OA
i1 o1
P P
i2 o2
. . . . . .
Tx Rx
m P P m
im om
P (λ)
ASE
IEC 1484/06
Figure 2 – Optical amplifier in a multichannel application
At the input reference plane, m input signals at the m wavelengths are considered, each with a
unique power level, P , P , . . . P , respectively. At the output reference plane, m output
i1 i2 im
signals at the m wavelengths, resulting from the optical amplification of the corresponding m
input signals, are considered, each with power level P , P , . . . P , respectively. Moreover,
o1 o2 om
the amplified spontaneous emission, ASE, with a noise power spectral density, P (λ), is
ASE
also to be considered at the OA output port.
Most definitions of relevant single-channel parameters can be suitably extended to
multichannel applications. When this extension is straightforward, the word “channel” will be
added to the pertinent parameter. In particular, the noise figure and the signal-spontaneous
noise figure may be extended to multichannel applications, channel by channel, by
considering the value of P (λ) at each channel wavelength and the channel signal
ASE
bandwidth. For each channel wavelength there will be a unique value of noise figure that will
be a function of the input power level of all signals. In this case the parameters, channel noise
figure and channel signal-spontaneous noise figure, are introduced. However some additional
parameters also need to be defined. For each parameter, the particular multichannel
configuration, including the full set of channel signal wavelengths and input powers, needs to
be specified.
NOTE 1 Except where noted, the optical powers mentioned in the following are intended as average powers.
NOTE 2 The parameters defined below will in general depend also on temperature and polarization state of input
channels. The temperature and state of polarization should be kept constant or controlled or be measured and
reported together with the measured parameter.
NOTE 3 It should be noted that the measured optical powers are open beam powers: this can result in differences
of about 0,18 dB in the measurement of absolute power levels.
NOTE 4 In the case of the distributed amplifier, all the parameters are related to a suitable reference fibre used to
emulate the transmission fibre in conjunction with the pumping assembly.
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. These terms and
conditions furthermore apply, in general, to optical amplifiers under the IEC 61290 and
IEC 61291 series.
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61291-1 IEC:2006 – 19 –
3.2 Terms and definitions – OA devices and distributed amplifiers
3.2.1
gain
in an OA which is externally connected to an input jumper fibre, the increase of signal optical
power from the output end of the jumper fibre to the OA output port, expressed in dB
NOTE 1 The gain includes the connection loss between the input jumper fibre and the OA input port.
NOTE 2 It is assumed that the jumper fibres are of the same type as the fibres used as input and output port of
the OA.
NOTE 3 Care should be taken to exclude the amplified spontaneous emission power from the signal optical
powers.
3.2.2
small-signal gain
gain of the amplifier, when operated in linear regime, where it is essentially independent of
the input signal optical power, at a given signal wavelength and pump optical power level
NOTE This property can be described at a discrete wavelength or as a function of wavelength.
3.2.3
reverse gain
gain measured using the input port of the OA as output port and vice versa
3.2.4
reverse small-signal gain
small-signal gain measured using the input port of the OA as output port and vice versa
3.2.5
maximum gain
highest gain that can be achieved when the OA is operated within the stated nominal
operating conditions
3.2.6
maximum small-signal gain
highest small-signal gain that can be achieved when the OA is operated within the stated
nominal operating conditions
3.2.7
maximum gain wavelength
wavelength at which the maximum gain occurs
3.2.8
maximum small-signal gain wavelength
wavelength at which the maximum small-signal gain occurs
3.2.9
wavelength variation
peak-to-peak variation of the gain over a given wavelength range
3.2.10
small-signal gain wavelength variation
peal-to-peak variation of the
...
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