SIST EN 15635:2009
(Main)Steel static storage systems - Application and maintenance of storage equipment
Steel static storage systems - Application and maintenance of storage equipment
This standard covers operational aspects relevant to structural safety of storage systems. Such systems operate with heavy moving plant working in close proximity to static storage equipment. The intention of this guideline is to minimise the risk and consequences of unsafe operation or damage to the structure.
Ortsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Anwendung und Wartung von Lagereinrichtungen
Diese Europäische Norm gibt Leitlinien für die betrieblichen Aspekte, bezogen auf die statische Sicherheit von Lagersystemen, an. In solchen Systemen wird schweres Fördermittel eingesetzt, welches in beschränkter Entfernung von Lagereinrichtungen arbeitet. Mit Hilfe dieser Europäischen Norm werden die Gefahren und Auswirkungen von gefahrenträchtigen Betriebsverfahren bzw. Konstruktionsschäden auf ein Minimum gehalten. Einige andere Arten von Lagereinrichtungen werden nur teilweise behandelt, weitere Überlegungen werden ggf. erforderlich, die über den Bereich dieser Europäischen Norm hinausgehen.
Um sicherzustellen, dass sich der Verfasser der Spezifikation, der Benutzer und der Konstrukteur jeweils über die Beschränkungen der Bereiche der anderen bewusst ist, um somit eine sichere Konstruktionserstellung zu ermöglichen, stellt diese Europäische Norm zusammen mit prEN 15512, prEN 15620, und prEN 15629 einen Leitfaden dar.
Mit Ausnahme von einigem Zubehör sind Lagereinrichtungen aus anderen Materialien als Stahl sowie Lagereinrichtungen im Haushaltsbereich ausdrücklich in dieser Europäischen Norm ausgeschlossen.
Systèmes de stockage statiques en acier - Utilisation et maintenance de système de stockage
La présente Norme européenne fournit des lignes directrices concernant les aspects opérationnels applicables à la sécurité structurelle des systèmes de stockage. Ces systèmes sont associés à des appareils de manutention mécanique lourds fonctionnant à proximité des systèmes de stockage statiques. La présente Norme européenne réduit le plus possible le risque et les conséquences d’un fonctionnement dangereux ou d’un dommage causé à la structure. D’autres types de systèmes de stockage sont uniquement couverts de façon partielle et des considérations supplémentaires en dehors du domaine d’application de la présente Norme européenne peuvent être requises.
La présente Norme européenne fournit des lignes directrices conjointement avec le prEN 15512, l’EN 15620 et l’EN 15629 afin de s’assurer que le rédacteur des spécifications, l’utilisateur et le concepteur soient informés des contraintes existant dans les domaines de chacun pour permettre une bonne conception des structures.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre ni les systèmes de stockage fabriqués à partir des matériaux autres que l’acier (à l’exception de certains accessoires) ni les équipements de stockage à usage domestique.
Stabilni jekleni sistemi za skladiščenje - Uporaba in vzdrževanje opreme za skladiščenje
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.VNODGLãþHQMHOrtsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Anwendung und Wartung von LagereinrichtungenSystèmes de stockage statiques en acier - Utilisation et maintenance de système de stockageSteel static storage systems - Application and maintenance of storage equipment53.080Storage equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15635:2008SIST EN 15635:2009en,fr01-januar-2009SIST EN 15635:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15635:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15635November 2008ICS 53.080 English VersionSteel static storage systems - Application and maintenance ofstorage equipmentSystèmes de stockage statiques en acier - Utilisation etmaintenance de système de stockageOrtsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Anwendung undWartung von LagereinrichtungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 October 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15635:2008: ESIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 0 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Operational requirements.9 4.1 System requirements.9 4.2 Storage systems planning.9 5 Important data of relevance to the user.9 6 Assembly and installation.10 6.1 Skills required and provision of instructions.10 6.2 Installation quality and structural design.10 6.3 Aspects of installation work to be observed.11 7 Changes to the storage equipment configuration.12 8 Use of the storage equipment.13 8.1 General safety.13 8.1.1 Person responsible for storage equipment safety PRSES.13 8.1.2 Safe load warning notices.13 8.1.3 Training.13 8.1.4 Access to storage levels.13 8.2 Pallet or load carrying accessories.13 8.2.1 Loading.13 8.2.2 Pallet requirements.14 8.2.3 Special load make up accessories and loads.14 8.2.4 Precautions necessary for the use of weak pallets and pallets spanning in the incorrect direction.15 8.3 Unit load.15 8.3.1 Weight.15 8.3.2 Load stability.15 8.3.3 Unit load clearances.15 8.4 Unit load handling.16 8.4.1 Placement of loads.16 8.4.2 Damage to storage equipment.16 8.4.3 Timber pallet usage.16 8.4.4 Load make up accessory positioning on supports.16 8.4.5 Pallet positioning on the floor.17 8.4.6 Aisle obstructions.17 8.4.7 Handling on raised storage areas or on storage equipment supported floors.17 8.4.8 Operating aisle clearances.18 8.5 Placement on adjustable pallet racking.19 8.6 Placement in drive-in racking.20 8.6.1 Placement.20 8.6.2 Loading and unloading sequence for drive-in-racking.21 8.6.3 Use of drive-through racking access routes by trucks.22 8.7 Truck mast stiffness and floor flatness.22 9 Safety of storage equipment in use and evaluation of damaged components.23 9.1 Procedures.23 SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 3 9.2 User’s responsibilities.23 9.3 Reduction of safety level (margin of safety) due to damage.24 9.4 Inspection of storage equipment.24 9.4.1 General.24 9.4.2 Inspection.25 9.4.3 Inspection of automated systems.25 9.4.4 Damage investigation.26 9.4.5 Damage control procedures.26 9.4.6 Inspection for overload damage to beams, cantilevers or shelves.26 9.4.7 Inspection of beam connector locks.27 9.4.8 Inspection of frame uprights for out of verticality.27 9.4.9 Inspection of guidance systems for VNA trucks.28 9.5 Rules for the measurement and classification of damage to uprights and bracings.28 9.5.1 Measuring method for upright damage and residual deformation limits, typical for APR systems.28 9.5.2 GREEN LEVEL - requiring surveillance only.29 9.5.3 AMBER RISK – hazardous damage requiring action as soon as possible.29 9.5.4 RED RISK – very serious damage requiring immediate action.30 9.6 Rules for the evaluation of damage to pallet rack beams.30 9.7 Damage action procedures.30 9.7.1 Replacement of damaged components.30 9.7.2 Typical damage patterns.30 9.7.3 Inspection procedure flowchart, Inspection – Evaluation – Action.30 10 Changes that require a safety review of storage operations.31 Annex A (informative)
Supplier's responsibilities.33 Annex B (informative)
Examples of typical load warning notices.34 B.1 Load warning notices.34 B.2 Load warning notice layout.34 B.3 Training.34 B.4 Display.34 B.5 Checking load warning notice information.34 B.6 Equipment inspections.34 B.7 Sizes.34 Annex C (informative)
Pallet damage.49 Annex D (informative)
Safety of storage equipment in use and evaluation of damaged components.51 D.1 Reduction in margin of safety of damaged racking uprights or bracing members.51 D.2 Storage equipment inspections.53 D.2.1 General.53 D.2.2 Inspection schedules.54 D.2.3 Inspection for overloading of beams, cantilevers or shelves.54 Annex E (informative)
Use of the storage equipment – Method of placement and orientation.56 E.1 General.56 E.2 Placement and asymmetric loading.56 E.3 Unevenly distributed loading on pallets or other media.58 E.4 Incorrect placement of unit loads.59 E.5 Correct and incorrect location of unit loads.59 Bibliography.61
SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15635:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 344 “Steel static storage systems”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 5 0 Introduction 0.1 Structural Eurocodes for load-bearing structures and buildings The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) initiated the work of establishing a set of harmonized technical rules for the design of building and civil engineering works, which would initially serve as an alternative to the different rules in force in the various member states and would ultimately replace them. These technical rules are known as the "Structural Eurocodes". Because the determination of the safe load-bearing capacity of static storage systems is a structural engineering task, the Eurocodes are relevant, particularly EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-3, as far as the design is concerned. The codes and guidelines produced by CEN/TC 344 are intended to amplify and clarify the requirements of the Eurocodes since they particularly apply to design while specification, installation and application and maintenance are considered as special requirements for racking and shelving products. This European Standard considers application and maintenance. 0.2 Additional European Standards for racking and shelving Due to the differences in the shape of structural components, detailing and connection types, additional technical information to the Eurocodes is required in order to provide state of the art guidance. This guidance is for the client or consultant specifying the requirement, the designer producing a sound structural design, the installer building the structure and the user who operates and maintains the structure in accordance with the design specification. This together with the need to provide harmonized design rules, is the reason that the European Racking Federation (ERF) has taken the initiative to support this development of a range of European Standards for specific types of racking and shelving used in specific applications (see bibliography). 0.3 Additional information specific to EN 15635 This European Standard gives additional information to that in Eurocodes EN 1990 and EN 1991, to be used in the structural design of storage systems (see also prEN 15512) and is intended for use by: a) committees drafting design related product, testing and execution standards; b) clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements); c) specifiers, designers, suppliers, installers and end users of the product; d) relevant building control authorities. Expertise in the technical properties of racking components and knowledge of the specific methods of calculation to determine the safe load carrying capacity data for the products shall be available normally from the manufacturer of that product. These standardized products can have infinite variation in their configuration. Structural engineering in steel requires special attention for the cold formed sections normally in use and for flexural and (overall) frame instability. Users should refer to prEN 15512 for more information on these aspects. Users of storage equipment should refer to EN 15629 to ensure that the specified layout and configuration is not in conflict with the methods of operation, ensuring safe operating conditions in the workplace. This European Standard deals with these user-defined aspects. A clear user specification for the provision of a safe storage equipment design is an essential basis to provide and complement safe working conditions. This European Standard is also relevant to specifiers and suppliers. SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidelines for operational aspects relevant to structural safety of storage systems. Such systems operate with heavy mechanical handling equipment working in close proximity to static storage equipment. This European Standard minimizes the risk and consequences of unsafe operation or damage to the structure. Some other forms of storage equipment are only partially covered and further consideration, beyond the scope of this European Standard, can be required.
This European Standard gives guidance in conjunction with prEN 15512, EN 15620, and EN 15629 to ensure that the specifier, user and designer are aware of the constraints in each other’s area to allow a safe design to be produced. This European Standard specifically excludes storage equipment manufactured form materials other than steel (except for certain accessories) and equipment intended to be used for domestic storage purposes 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15629, Steel static storage systems — The specification of storage equipment EN 15620, Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking — Tolerances, deformations and clearances 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 adjustable pallet racking APR steelwork structure consisting of frames and beams adjustable in height, specifically designed to support load make up accessories and unit loads 3.2 allowable loading beam, frame or shelf safe load capacity indicated by the storage equipment supplier to the user on the safe load warning notices based upon the data supplied by the specifier 3.3 bay load total allowable weight of all the unit loads in a bay of racking not including any unit loads that can be stored on the floor of the bay 3.4 clearance nominal dimension between items 3.5 compartment load load, which can be loaded into one compartment of a rack or shelving structure from one side SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 7 3.6 competent person person who by means of a combination of training, experience and education has the knowledge to carry out the task and safety requirements effectively 3.7 crane racking pallet racking arranged as a very narrow aisle system and operated by a stacker crane running on a rail and laterally supported by the racking structure 3.8 frame load total allowable weight of all the loads transmitted to the frame by the members attached to the frame 3.9 foundation floor construction on which the equipment is erected and to which it is fixed to provide anchorage and stability 3.10 installer trained and qualified as a competent person who assembles and builds the racking at the site location NOTE The installer should be trained and experienced in the work to be done and should be properly supervised and controlled to ensure that the health and safety of workers and others is safeguarded. 3.11 intrusive stacking placement or retrieval of a pallet where the turning radius or length of fixed-fork lift truck is greater than the aisle width and part of the storage location concerned is used by the truck forks and load when turning to place or retrieve a pallet 3.12 load make up accessory LMA storage unit for the handling of loads by lift trucks
NOTE Examples of load make up accessories include pallets, containers, bins, boxes, barrels and stillages 3.13 mechanical handling equipment MHE equipment used to transport the unit load to be stored 3.14 pallet portable platform, with or without superstructure, for the assembly of a quantity of goods to form a unit load for handling and storage by mechanical appliances 3.15 pallet buffer back stop buffering back stop which is specified as an aid for use by forklift truck drivers to deposit a unit load in the correct position in the racking
3.16 pallet safety back stop safety back stop to prevent accidental collision of a pallet or its load with other unit loads or equipment, when that load is placed in the storage compartment
SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 8 type (a) safety device, which protects against unintentional load movement within the racking and prevents loads from protruding or from falling into an aisle or into an area accessible to people
type (b) backstop to prevent accidental damage, usually placed at the back of a storage compartment, to prevent the accidental collision of a pallet or its load with other equipment, such as sprinklers, when a load is placed in the storage compartment 3.17 pick up and deposit stations P and D stations storage locations at the end of an aisle used as an interface between different types of mechanical handling equipment NOTE The P and D stations can be used as an interface between the unit load and handling equipment that is dedicated to the rack aisle (such as very narrow aisle (VNA) trucks or cranes) and the conveyors or free movement trucks which service the installation. The P and D stations can also be used to accurately fix the location of the unit load relative to the racking. This is often used by trucks or cranes having a fixed length of fork stroke and ensures accuracy in the X and Z directions when placing the unit load onto the racking beams. 3.18 person responsible for storage equipment safety
PRSES person appointed by the warehouse management with responsibility for maintaining the safe operation of the warehouse storage system 3.19 specification detailed description of the user’s requirements including the racking specification and other data such as the ambient storage conditions, the floor construction, local authority requirements, etc. including all details affecting either the design of the installation or its construction 3.20 specified allowable load unit load allowed in the storage equipment 3.21 specifier person or company that provides the supplier with a specification based on the user’s requirements NOTE The specifier can be a consultant or other specialist, the end user or the equipment supplier acting as the specifier. 3.22 supplier company that supplies the storage equipment NOTE The company can be the original manufacturer or an intermediate company acting as a distributor. 3.23 total racking or shelving load total allowable load supported by all the primary load supporting members
NOTE This may be the total load from beams or shelves in a defined area of racking or shelving. 3.24 truck operator person trained and responsible for the safe use of an individual fork lift truck or a range of such equipment NOTE This would normally be rider-controlled equipment but could also include pedestrian-controlled powered equipment together with hand-operated pallet trucks. SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 9 3.25 unit load weight of an individual stored item that can be placed or retrieved in one operation 3.26 user company or person who manages and operates the installation on a daily basis and is responsible for the continuing safety of the installation 3.27 90° stacking placement or retrieval of a pallet where the forklift truck makes a 90° turn to face the rack during the placement or retrieval process NOTE In making this turn no part of the truck or load intrudes into the racking. 4 Operational requirements 4.1 System requirements Before first use and continuously during the operation the user shall verify that the data in the project specification is still valid.
4.2 Storage systems planning In order to determine a safe design of the storage equipment to be supplied for the load carrying capacity the following information shall be provided by the user to the specifier (see EN 15629): a) details of the building in which the storage system is intended to be housed and its environment; b) properties of the floor used as the foundation for the storage and mechanical handling equipment; c) details of the goods to be stored on the equipment and specification of any pallet or other type of load-carrying accessory; d) specification of the allowable loads for the storage equipment; e) layout and configuration of the equipment to allow for sufficient design clearances to be provided for the safe depositing and retrieval of goods considering the given throughput; f) specification of the handling equipment to be used, e.g. type of truck, etc. in relation to the storage equipment. (See EN 15620 for information on a truck's turning radius and operating aisle width requirements); g) specified requirements for collision protection and resistance to impact; h) specify who shall carry out the installation of the storage equipment (see 6.1); i) known information about planned future changes to storage requirements. 5 Important data of relevance to the user In order to ensure safe use of storage equipment: SIST EN 15635:2009
EN 15635:2008 (E) 10 a) storage equipment shall be built in accordance with the specification, plans and the detailed instructions for assembly provided by the supplier. Where the user constructs the installation, it shall comply with the installation instructions of the supplier (see 6.1); b) building floor shall have a degree of strength, stiffness, surface levelness and flatness suitable for operational purposes; c) in order to instruct the user of the system, a printed load warning notice shall be provided by the supplier giving sufficient loading information on the equipment and shall be permanently displayed by the user on, or adjacent to, the racking or shelving; NOTE For information to be supplied to
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15635:2007
01-junij-2007
6WDELOQLMHNOHQLVLVWHPL]DVNODGLãþHQMH1DVWDYOMLYLVLVWHPL]DSDOHWH6PHUQLFD]D
YDUQRXSRUDER
Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking - Guideline for safe use
Ortsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Verstellbare Palettenregale - Leitlinien zum sicheren
Arbeiten
Systemes de stockage en acier - Rayonnages a palettes réglables - Lignes directrices
pour une utilisation en toute sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15635
ICS:
53.080 6NODGLãþQDRSUHPD Storage equipment
oSIST prEN 15635:2007 en;fr;de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15635
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2007
ICS 53.080
English Version
Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking -
Guideline for safe use
Systèmes de stockage en acier - Rayonnages à palettes Ortsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - Verstellbare
réglables - Lignes directrices pour une utilisation en toute Palettenregale - Leitlinien zum sicheren Arbeiten
sécurité
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 344.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15635:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.4
0 Introduction.5
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references.6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Operational requirements.9
4.1 System requirements.9
4.2 Storage systems planning.9
5 Important data of relevance to the user .10
6 Assembly and installation .10
6.1 Skills required and provision of instructions .10
6.2 Installation quality and structural design .11
6.3 Aspects of installation work to be observed includes the following:.11
7 Changes to the storage equipment configuration .12
8 Use of the storage equipment .13
8.1 General safety.13
8.1.1 Person responsible for safety (PRS) .13
8.1.2 Safe load warning notices .13
8.1.3 Training.13
8.1.4 Access to storage levels.14
8.2 Pallet or load carrying accessories .14
8.2.1 Loading.14
8.2.2 Pallet quality.14
8.2.3 Pallet type, dimensions and tolerances .14
8.2.4 Special pallets and loads .14
8.2.5 Precautions necessary for the use of weak pallets .15
8.3 Unit load.15
8.3.1 Weight.15
8.3.2 Load stability.15
8.3.3 Unit load clearances.15
8.4 Unit load handling.16
8.4.1 Placement of loads .16
8.4.2 Damage to storage equipment .16
8.4.3 Timber pallet usage .17
8.4.4 Pallet positioning on supports.17
8.4.5 Pallet positioning on the floor.17
8.4.6 Aisle obstructions.17
8.4.7 Pallet access for raised storage areas .18
8.4.8 Operating aisle clearances.18
8.5 Placement on adjustable pallet racking .19
8.6 Drive-in racking.19
8.6.1 Placement.19
8.6.2 Loading and unloading sequence for drive-in-racking.21
8.6.3 Use of drive-through racking access routes by trucks .22
8.7 Truck mast stiffness and floor flatness.22
9 Safety of storage equipment in use and evaluation of damaged components.22
9.1 Procedures.22
2
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
9.2 User’s responsibilities.22
9.3 Reduction of safety level (margin of safety) due to damage .23
9.4 Inspection of storage equipment .23
9.4.1 General.23
9.4.2 Inspection.24
9.4.3 Inspection of automated and high bay systems .24
9.4.4 Causes of damage .25
9.4.5 Damage control procedures.25
9.4.6 Inspection for overload damage to beams or shelves .25
9.4.7 Inspection of beam connector locks .26
9.4.8 Inspection of frame uprights for out of verticality .26
9.5 Rules for the measurement and classification of damage to uprights and bracings .27
9.5.1 General.27
9.5.2 Measuring method for upright damage and residual deformation limits .27
9.5.3 GREEN LEVEL requiring surveillance only .29
9.5.4 AMBER RISK – hazardous damage requiring action as soon as possible .29
9.5.5 RED RISK – very serious damage requiring immediate action .29
9.6 Rules for the evaluation of damage to pallet rack beams .29
9.7 Damage action procedures.30
9.7.1 Replacement of damaged components.30
9.7.2 Inspection – Evaluation – Action .30
9.7.3 Typical damage patterns.30
9.7.4 Inspection procedure flowchart .30
10 Changes that require a safety review of storage operations .31
Annex A (informative) Supplier's responsibilities .33
Annex B (informative) Examples of typical load warning notices .34
B.1 Load warning notices.34
B.2 Warning load notice layout.34
B.3 Training.34
B.4 Display.34
B.5 Checking load warning notice information.34
B.6 Equipment inspections.34
B.7 Sizes.34
Annex C (informative) Pallet damage.50
Annex D (informative) Safety of storage equipment in use and evaluation of damaged components.52
D.1 Reduction in margin of safety of damaged racking uprights or bracing members.52
D.2 Storage equipment inspections.55
D.2.1 General.55
D.2.2 Inspection schedules.55
D.2.3 Inspection for overloading damage to beams or shelves .56
Annex E (informative) Use of the storage equipment.57
E.1 Method of placement and orientation.57
E.1.1 General.57
E.1.2 Overhanging loads.57
E.1.3 Unevenly distributed loading on pallets or other media .59
E.1.4 Incorrect placement of loads by lift trucks .60
E.1.5 Correct and incorrect location of unit loads.60
Bibliography.61
3
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15635:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 344 “Steel static storage
systems”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
4
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
0 Introduction
0.1 Structural Eurocodes for load-bearing structures and buildings
The Commission of the European Communities CEC initiated the work of establishing a set of harmonized technical
rules for the design of building and civil engineering works, which would initially serve as an alternative to the different
rules in force in the various member states and would ultimately replace them. These technical rules are known as the
"Structural Eurocodes".
In 1990, after consulting their respective member states, the CEC transferred the work of further development, issue and
updating of the Structural Eurocodes to CEN, and the European Free Trade Association Secretariat agreed to support
the CEN work.
Because the determination of the safe load-bearing capacity of racking and shelving (including multi tier shelving is) a
structural engineering task, the Eurocodes are relevant particularly EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-3 as far as the design is
concerned. The codes and guidelines produced by CEN/TC 344 are intended to amplify and clarify the requirements of
the Eurocodes since they particularly apply to design while specification, installation and safe use are considered as
special requirements for racking and shelving products. This European standard considers safe use.
0.2 Additional European standards for racking and shelving
Due to the differences in the shape of structural components, detailing and connection types, additional technical
information to the Eurocodes is required in order to provide state of the art guidance. This guidance is for the client or
consultant specifying the requirement, the designer producing a sound structural design, the installer building the
structure and the user who has to maintain the structure in a sound condition suitable for safe use throughout its working
life.
This together with the need to provide harmonized design rules, is the reason that the European Racking Federation
(ERF) has taken the initiative to support this development of a range of European standards for specific types of
racking and shelving used in specific applications (see bibliography).
0.3 Additional information specific to WI 00344004
All CEN/TC 344 documents might also be useful for design cases not covered by the Eurocodes (other structures,
other actions, other materials) and serve as a reference document for other CEN/TCs concerning structural matters.
WI 00344004 is intended for use by:
a) committees drafting design related product, testing and execution standards;
b) clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements);
c) designers, installers and end users of the product;
d) relevant building control authorities.
The racking manufacturer is expert in the technical properties of racking components and has knowledge of the specific
methods of calculation to determine the safe load carrying capacity data of the products. These standardized products
can have infinite variation in their configuration. Structural engineering in steel requires special attention for the cold
formed sections normally in use and for flexural and (overall) frame instability. Users should refer to WI 00344005 for more
information on these aspects.
Users of storage equipment have their own specific responsibilities for ensuring safe operating conditions for their
workers, storage equipment and the stored goods.
This document deals with these user-defined aspects. A clear user specification for the provision of a safe storage
equipment design is essential to provide and complement safe working conditions.
This standard is also relevant to specifiers and suppliers.
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard gives guidelines for operational aspects relevant to structural safety of storage systems.
Such systems operate with heavy mechanical handling equipment working in close proximity to static storage
equipment. This standard minimizes the risk and consequences of unsafe operation or damage to the structure.
Some forms of storage equipment are partially covered but further consideration, beyond the scope of this document,
might be required.
This European Standard shall be read in conjunction with prEN 15512, prEN 15620, and WI 00344005 to ensure
that the specifier, user and designer are aware of the constraints in each other’s area and to allow a safe design to
be produced.
The user of the installation is responsible for ensuring that any information given to suppliers is accurate and reflects
the operation in practice in order to ensure that equipment supplied is appropriate to the needs.
The user should recognize that there are safety implications in any alteration to the data affecting the method of
operation or to the storage equipment used.
Consideration is given to the following recommendations:
the installation and safe use of the storage equipment;
changes in configuration or use of the storage equipment;
inspection and damage assessment of the storage equipment.
Commentary is provided in Annexes A to E that is intended to provide relevant, detailed background information on
the possible application of certain clauses of the document where this might be helpful to the user.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 528, Rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment — Safety
EN 1992, Eurocode 2, Design of concrete structures
EN 1993, Eurocode 3, Design of steel structures
EN 1995, Eurocode 5, Design of timber structures
EN 1998, Eurocode 8, Design of structures for earthquake resistance
prEN 15512, Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking systems — Principles for structural design
prEN 15620, Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking — Tolerances, deformations and clearances
WI 00344005, Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking systems — Guidelines for specification
WI 00344006, Steel static storage systems — Adjustable pallet racking — Terms and definitions.
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in WI 0034406 and the following apply.
3.1
allowable loading
beam, frame or shelf safe load capacity indicated by the storage equipment supplier to the user on the safe load
notices based upon the data supplied by the specifier (see WI 00344005)
3.2
bay load
total allowable weight of all the unit loads in a bay of racking not including any unit loads that can be stored on the
floor of the bay
3.3
compartment load
load, which can be loaded into one compartment of a rack or shelving structure from one side
3.4
competent person
person who by means of a combination of training, experience and education has the knowledge to carry out the
task and safety effectively
3.5
crane racking
very narrow aisle racking system such that the placement and retrieval of pallets is carried out by a floor-mounted
crane supported by the racking structure
NOTE Such systems are often automatically controlled and operated.
3.6
design clearances
clear separation spaces around and above each unit load
NOTE These clearances enable input and output of the load to take place without contact of the load with any other loads or
any part of the storage equipment structure other than normal contact when the load is placed on the beams or other members
provided for its support in storage.
3.7
frame load
total allowable weight of all the unit loads transmitted to the frame by the members attached to the frame
3.8
foundation
racking or shelving foundation is the floor construction on which the equipment is erected and to which it is fixed to
provide anchorage and stability
3.9
installers
persons who assemble and build the racking at the site location
NOTE The installers should be trained and experienced in the work to be done and should be properly supervised and
controlled to ensure that the health and safety of the workers and others is safeguarded.
3.10
intrusive stacking
placement or retrieval of a pallet where the turning radius or length of fixed-fork lift truck is greater than the aisle
width and that part of the storage location for that pallet is used by the truck forks when placing or retrieving a pallet
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3.11
pallet
portable platform, with or without superstructure, for the assembly of a quantity of goods to form a unit load for
handling and storage by mechanical appliances (often used as a generic term)
3.12
pallet buffer back stop
buffering back stop which is specified as an aid for use by forklift truck drivers to deposit a unit load in the correct
position in the rack
3.13
pallet safety back stop
safety back stop to prevent accidental damage, where design clearances are large enough to ensure that the safety
pallet stop will only be accidentally impacted
type (a)
safety device, which protects against unintentional load movement within the racking and prevents loads
from protruding or from falling into an aisle or into an area accessible to people
type (b)
backstop to prevent accidental damage, usually placed at the back of a storage compartment, to prevent the
accidental collision of a pallet or its load with other equipment, such as sprinklers, when a load is placed in
the storage compartment
3.14
pick up and deposit (P & D) station
accurately fixed locator for the unit load, relative to the racking, used by trucks having a fixed length of fork stroke for
accurately placing the pallet onto the rack beams
NOTE P&Ds may be used as an interface between unit load handling equipment that is dedicated to the rack aisle (such as
VNA trucks or cranes) or free ranging trucks which service the installation. The P&D may also be used as an accurately fixed
locator of the unit load, relative to the racking, used by trucks or cranes having a fixed length of fork stroke that ensures a high
degree of accuracy in the X and Z directions when placing the unit load onto the rack beams.
3.15
person responsible for safety (PRS)
person appointed by the warehouse management with responsibility for maintaining the safe operation of the
warehouse system
3.16
specification
detailed description of the end user’s requirements including other data such as the ambient storage conditions, the
floor construction, local authority requirements, etc.
3.17
specified allowable load
unit load that is permitted in the storage system
3.18
specifier
person or company that provides the supplier with a detailed specification of the end user’s requirements. The
specifier can be a consultant or other specialist, the end user or the equipment supplier acting as the specifier.
3.19
storage media
pallet, container, bin, box, barrel, stillage or any other storage unit for the bulk handling of loads by lift trucks
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prEN 15635:2007 (E)
3.20
supplier
company that supplies the storage equipment
NOTE The company can be the original manufacturer or an intermediate company acting as a distributor.
3.21
total rack or shelving load
total allowable load supported by all of the beams in a run of racking.
3.22
truck operator
person trained and responsible for the safe use of an individual fork lift truck or a range of such equipment.
NOTE This would normally be rider-controlled equipment but could also include pedestrian-controlled powered equipment
together with hand-operated pallet trucks.
3.23
unit load
weight of an individual stored item that can be placed in one operation.
3.24
user
company or person managing and operating the installation on a daily basis and is responsible for the continuing
safety of the installation.
3.25
°
90 stacking
°
placement or retrieval of a pallet where the fork lift truck makes a 90 turn to face the rack during the placement or
retrieval process
NOTE In making this turn no part of the truck or load intrudes into the racking.
4 Operational requirements
4.1 System requirements
Before first use and continuously during the operation, the user shall verify that the data in the project specification is
still valid.
4.2 Storage systems planning
In order to determine a safe design of the storage equipment to be supplied for the required load carrying capacity
the following information shall be provided by the user to the specifier (see WI 00344005):
a) Details of t
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