SIST EN 1993-3-1:2007
(Main)Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys - Towers and masts
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys - Towers and masts
(1) This Part 3.1 of EN 1993 applies to the structural design of lattice towers and guyed masts and to the structural design of this type of structures supporting prismatic, cylindrical or other bluff elements. Provisions for self-supporting and guyed cylindrical towers and chimneys are given in Part 3.2 of EN 1993. Provisions for the guys of guyed structures, including guyed chimneys, are given in EN 1993-1-11 and supplemented in this Part.
(2) The provisions in this Part of EN 1993 supplement those given in Part 1.
(3) Where the applicability of a provision is limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications, its use is explained and the limits of applicability are stated.
(4) This Part does not cover the design of polygonal and circular lighting columns, which is covered in EN 40. Lattice polygonal towers are not covered in this Part. Polygonal plated columns (monopoles) may be designed using this Part for their loading. Information on the strength of such columns may be obtained from EN 40.
(5) This Part does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in EN 1998-3.
(6) Special measures that might be necessary to limit the consequences of accidents are not covered in this Part. For resistance to fire, reference should be made to EN 1993 1 2.
(7) For the execution of steel towers and masts, reference should be made to EN 1090.
NOTE: Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules.
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 3-1: Türme, Maste und Schornsteine - Türme und Maste
1.1.1 Anwendungsbereich von Eurocode 3
Siehe EN 1993 1 1, 1.1.1.
1.1.2 Anwendungsbereich von Eurocode 3 Teil 3.1
(1) EN 1993-3-1 regelt die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Gittermasten und abgespannten Masten und ähnlicher Konstruktionen, die prismatische, zylindrische oder andere sperrige Elemente tragen. Regelungen für freistehende und abgespannte zylindrische Türme und Schornsteine sind in EN 1993 3 2 enthalten. Regelungen für die Seile von abgespannten Tragwerken einschließlich abgespannten Schornsteinen finden sich in EN 1993 1 11 mit Ergänzungen in diesem Normenteil.
(2) Die Regeln in diesem Teil von EN 1993 gelten in Ergänzung zu denen in EN 1993-1.
(3) Soweit die Anwendbarkeit einer Regelung aus praktischen Gründen oder aufgrund von Verein¬fachungen eingeschränkt ist, werden deren Anwendungsgrenzen definiert und erläutert.
(4) Dieser Teil enthält keine Vorschriften für die Bemessung von Lichtmasten mit polygonalem oder kreisförmigem Querschnitt, die in EN 40 behandelt werden. Gittermaste mit polygonalem Gesamtquerschnitt werden in diesem Normenteil nicht behandelt. Für Maste mit aus Blechen geformten polygonalen Quer¬schnitten dürfen die angegebenen Lastansätze verwendet werden. Hinweise zur Festigkeit solcher Maste können EN 40 entnommen werden.
(5) Dieser Teil enthält keine besonderen Vorschriften für die Bemessung im Hinblick auf Erdbeben; diese sind in EN 1998 3 enthalten.
(6) Besondere Maßnahmen zur Begrenzung von Unfallfolgen werden in diesem Normenteil nicht behan¬delt. Zum Brandwiderstand wird auf EN 1993 1 2 verwiesen.
(7) Zur Herstellung und Montage von Türmen und Masten aus Stahl wird auf EN 1090 verwiesen.
ANMERKUNG Fertigung und Montage werden bis zu einem gewissen Maße behandelt, um die erforderliche Qualität der eingesetzten Werkstoffe und Bauprodukte und die Ausführungsqualität auf der Baustelle festlegen zu können, so dass die den Bemessungsregeln zugrunde liegenden Annahmen eingehalten sind.
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1: Tours, mâts et cheminées - Pylônes et mâts haubanés
(1) La présente Partie 3.1 de l'EN 1993 s'applique au calcul des structures des pylônes autostables en treillis et des mâts haubanés, ainsi qu'au calcul de ce type de structures comportant des renflements prismatiques, cylindriques ou autres. Des dispositions concernant les futs des pylônes et des cheminées cylindriques autostables et haubanés sont données dans la Partie 3.2 de l'EN 1993. Les dispositions relatives aux haubans de structures haubanées, y compris les cheminées haubanées, sont données dans l'EN 1993-1-11 et complétées dans la présente partie.
(2) Les dispositions figurant dans la présente Partie de l'EN 1993 completent celles données dans la Partie 1.
(3) Lorsque l'applicabilité d'une disposition est limitée, pour des raisons pratiques ou par simplification, son usage est explicité et les limites d'applicabilité sont mentionnées.
(4) La présente Partie ne couvre pas le calcul des mâts d'éclairage a section circulaire et polygonale, qui est couvert dans l'EN 40. Les pylônes en treillis a section polygonale ne sont pas couverts par la présente Partie. Les futs a section polygonale a facettes (monopodes) peuvent etre dimensionnés en utilisant la présente Partie pour déterminer leur chargement. Les informations relatives a la résistance des futs de ce type sont données dans l'EN 40.
(5) La présente Partie ne couvre pas les dispositions particulieres concernant le calcul sismique, qui sont données dans l'EN 1998-3.
(6) Les mesures particulieres pouvant se révéler nécessaires pour limiter les conséquences d'accidents ne sont pas couvertes par la présente Partie. Pour la résistance au feu, il convient de se reporter a l'EN 1993 1 2.
(7) Il convient de se référer a l'EN 1090 pour la réalisation des pylônes et des mâts en acier.
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 3-1. del: Stolpi, jambori in dimniki - Stolpi in jambori
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1993-3-1:2007
01-marec-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 1993-3-1:2001
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij – 3-1. del: Stolpi, jambori in dimniki -
Stolpi in jambori
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys - Towers
and masts
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 3-1: Türme, Maste
und Schornsteine - Türme und Maste
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1: Tours, mâts et cheminées -
Pylônes et mâts haubanés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1993-3-1:2006
ICS:
91.010.30 7HKQLþQLYLGLNL Technical aspects
91.080.10 Kovinske konstrukcije Metal structures
SIST EN 1993-3-1:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1993-3-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-3-1:1997
English Version
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers,
masts and chimneys - Towers and masts
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1: Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Tours, mâts et cheminées - Pylônes et mâts haubannés Stahlbauten - Teil 3-1: Türme, Maste und Schornsteine -
Türme und Maste
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1993-3-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
Contents
1 General.9
1.1 Scope.9
1.2 Normative references .9
1.3 Assumptions.10
1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.10
1.5 Terms and definitions.10
1.6 Symbols.11
1.7 Convention for cross section axes.12
2 Basis of design.13
2.1 Requirements.13
2.2 Principles of limit state design .14
2.3 Actions and environmental influences .14
2.4 Ultimate limit state verifications.15
2.5 Design assisted by testing .15
2.6 Durability .15
3 Materials .16
3.1 Structural steel.16
3.2 Connections.16
3.3 Guys and fittings .16
4 Durability.16
4.1 Allowance for corrosion.16
4.2 Guys .16
5 Structural analysis.17
5.1 Modelling for determining action effects.17
5.2 Modelling of connections.17
6 Ultimate limit states .18
6.1 General .18
6.2 Resistance of cross sections .18
6.3 Resistance of members.18
6.4 Connections.20
6.5 Special connections for masts .21
7 Serviceability limit states.23
7.1 Basis.23
7.2 Deflections and rotations.23
7.3 Vibrations.23
8 Design assisted by testing.24
9 Fatigue.24
9.1 General .24
9.2 Fatigue loading.24
9.3 Fatigue resistance.25
9.4 Safety assessment.25
9.5 Partial factors for fatigue.25
9.6 Fatigue of guys.25
Annex A [normative] – Reliability differentiation and partial factors for actions.26
A.1 Reliability differentiation for masts and towers.26
2
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
A.2 Partial factors for actions.26
Annex B [informative] – Modelling of meteorological actions .27
B.1 General .27
B.2 Wind force.28
B.3 Response of lattice towers.40
B.4 Response of guyed masts .45
Annex C [informative] – Ice loading and combinations of ice with wind.53
C.1 General .53
C.2 Ice loading.53
C.3 Ice weight.54
C.4 Wind and ice .54
C.5 Asymmetric ice load .54
C.6 Combinations of ice and wind.55
Annex D [normative] – Guys, dampers, insulators, ancillaries and other items .56
D.1 Guys .56
D.2 Dampers .56
D.3 Insulators.57
D.4 Ancillaries and other items.57
Annex E [informative] – Guy rupture .59
E.1 Introduction.59
E.2 Simplified analytical model .59
E.3 Conservative procedure.60
E.4 Analysis after a guy rupture .61
Annex F [informative] – Execution.62
F.1 General .62
F.2 Bolted connections.62
F.3 Welded connections .62
F.4 Tolerances .62
F.5 Prestretching of guys.63
Annex G [informative] – Buckling of components of masts and towers.64
G.1 Buckling resistance of compression members .64
G.2 Effective slenderness factor k .64
Annex H [informative] – Buckling length and slenderness of members .70
H.1 General .70
H.2 Leg members.70
H.3 Bracing members .71
H.4 Secondary bracing members .78
H.5 Shell structures.79
3
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard EN 1993-3-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: Part 3.1: Towers, masts and
chimneys – Towers and masts, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural
Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn
at latest by March 2010.
This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-3-1.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Background of the Eurocode programme
In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of
construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of
technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.
Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical
rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national
rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member
States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of
European codes in the 1980s.
1
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement
between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the
CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN).
This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s
Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products
– CPD – and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and
equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).
The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of
Parts:
EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
1
Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation
(CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works
(BC/CEN/03/89).
4
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have
safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these
continue to vary from State to State.
Status and field of application of Eurocodes
The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the
following purposes :
– as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements
of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 - Mechanical resistance and
stability - and Essential Requirement N°2 - Safety in case of fire;
– as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services;
– as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and
ETAs)
The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the
2
Interpretative Documents referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from
3
harmonised product standard . Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be
adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product
standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes.
The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole
structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of
construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be
required by the designer in such cases.
National Standards implementing Eurocodes
The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any
annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and
may be followed by a National annex (informative).
The National Annex (informative) may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in
the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of
buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. :
– values for partial factors and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode,
– values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode,
– geographical and climatic data specific to the Member State, e.g. snow map,
– the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode,
– references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode.
2
According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) should be given concrete form in interpretative
documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and
ETAGs/ETAs.
3
According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents should :
a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and
indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ;
b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g.
methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ;
c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical
approvals.
The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.
5
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
Links between Eurocodes and product harmonized technical specifications (ENs
and ETAs)
There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for construction products
4
and the technical rules for works . Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the
construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined
Parameters have been taken into account.
Additional information specific to EN 1993-3-1 and EN 1993-3-2
EN 1993-3 is the third part of six parts of EN 1993 - Design of Steel Structures - and describes the principles
and application rules for the safety and serviceability and durability of steel structures for towers and masts
and chimneys. Towers and masts are dealt with in Part 3-1; chimneys are treated in Part 3-2.
EN 1993-3 gives design rules in supplement to the generic rules in EN 1993-1.
EN 1993-3 is intended to be used with Eurocodes EN 1990 - Basis of design, EN 1991 - Actions on
structures and the parts 1 of EN 1992 to EN 1998 when steel structures or steel components for towers and
masts and chimneys are referred to.
Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated.
EN 1993-3 is intended for use by
– committees drafting design related product, testing and execution standards;
– clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements);
– designers and constructors;
– relevant authorities.
Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters in EN 1993-3 are recommended as basic
values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate
level of workmanship and quality management applies.
Annex B of EN 1993-3-1 has been prepared to supplement the provisions of EN 1991-1-4 in respect of wind
actions on lattice towers and guyed masts or guyed chimneys.
As far as overhead line towers are concerned all matters related to wind and ice loading, loading
combinations, safety matters and special requirements (such as for conductors, insulators, clearance, etc.) are
covered by the CENELEC Code EN 50341, that can be referred to for the design of such structures.
The strength requirements for steel members given in this Part may be considered as 'deemed to satisfy',
rules to meet the requirements of EN 50341 for overhead line towers, and may be used as alternative criteria
to the rules given in that Standard.
Part 3.2 has been prepared in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 297: Free standing
chimneys.
Provisions have been included to allow for the possible use of a different partial factor for resistance in the
case of those structures or elements the design of which has been the subject of an agreed type testing
programme.
4
See Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.
6
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
National Annex for EN 1993-3-1
This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating
where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1993-3-1
should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of
buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant country.
National choice is allowed in EN 1993-3-1 through paragraphs:
– 2.1.1(3)P
– 2.3.1(1)
– 2.3.2(1)
– 2.3.6(2)
– 2.3.7(1)
– 2.3.7(4)
– 2.5(1)
– 2.6(1)
– 4.1(1)
– 4.2(1)
– 5.1(6)
– 5.2.4(1)
– 6.1(1)
– 6.3.1(1)
– 6.4.1(1)
– 6.4.2(2)
– 6.5.1(1)
– 7.1(1)
– 9.5(1)
– A.1(1)
– A.2(1)P (2 places)
– B.1.1(1)
– B.2.1.1(5)
– B.2.3(1)
– B.2.3(3)
– B.3.2.2.6(4)
– B.3.3(1)
– B.3.3(2)
– B.4.3.2.2(2)
– B.4.3.2.3(1)
– B.4.3.2.8.1(4)
– C.2(1)
– C.6.(1)
– D.1.1(1)
– D.1.2(2)
– D.3(6) (2 places)
7
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
– D.4.1(1)
– D.4.2(3)
– D.4.3(1)
– D.4.4(1)
– F.4.2.1(1)
– F.4.2.2(2)
– G.1(3)
– H.2(5)
– H.2(7)
8
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EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 3
See 1.1.1 of EN 1993-1-1.
1.1.2 Scope of Part 3.1 of Eurocode 3
(1) This Part 3.1 of EN 1993 applies to the structural design of lattice towers and guyed masts and to the
structural design of this type of structures supporting prismatic, cylindrical or other bluff elements.
Provisions for self-supporting and guyed cylindrical towers and chimneys are given in Part 3.2 of EN 1993.
Provisions for the guys of guyed structures, including guyed chimneys, are given in EN 1993-1-11 and
supplemented in this Part.
(2) The provisions in this Part of EN 1993 supplement those given in Part 1.
(3) Where the applicability of a provision is limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications, its
use is explained and the limits of applicability are stated.
(4) This Part does not cover the design of polygonal and circular lighting columns, which is covered in
EN 40. Lattice polygonal towers are not covered in this Part. Polygonal plated columns (monopoles) may
be designed using this Part for their loading. Information on the strength of such columns may be obtained
from EN 40.
(5) This Part does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in EN 1998-3.
(6) Special measures that might be necessary to limit the consequences of accidents are not covered in
this Part. For resistance to fire, reference should be made to EN 1993-1-2.
(7) For the execution of steel towers and masts, reference should be made to EN 1090.
NOTE: Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction
materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the
assumptions of the design rules.
1.2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this European Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any
of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this European Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents
indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
EN 40 Lighting columns
EN 365 Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. General requirements for
instructions for use, maintenance, periodic examination, repair, marking and packaging
EN 795 Protection against falls from a height. Anchor devices. Requirements and testing
EN 1090 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures
EN ISO 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles. Specifications and test
methods
EN ISO 14713 Protection against corrosion of
...
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