SIST EN 415-11:2021
(Main)Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of efficiency and availability
Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of efficiency and availability
This document is applicable for packaging machines falling within the scope of EN 415-1, referred to in the following as "machine systems". This document can also be applied by analogy to other related processing machines.
This document does not contain safety requirements.
Sicherheit von Verpackungsmaschinen - Teil 11: Ermittlung von Effizienz und Verfügbarkeit
Dieses Dokument gilt für Verpackungsmaschinen die in den Anwendungsbereich von DIN EN 415-1 fallen, nachfolgend vereinfacht Maschinensystem genannt. Dieses Dokument ist sinngemäß auch auf andere technisch verwandte Verarbeitungsmaschinen anwendbar.
Dieses Dokument enthält keine Festlegungen zu Sicherheitsanforderungen.
Sécurité des machines d'emballage - Partie 11 : Détermination de l'efficacité et de la disponibilité
Le présent document est applicable aux machines d’emballage entrant dans le domaine d'application de l’EN 415-1, ci-après désignées les "systèmes de machines". Le présent document peut également être appliqué par analogie à d'autres machines de traitement connexes.
Le présent document ne contient pas de prescriptions de sécurité.
Varnost pakirnih naprav - 11. del: Ugotavljanje učinkovitosti in razpoložljivosti
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 415-11:2021
01-december-2021
Varnost pakirnih naprav - 11. del: Ugotavljanje učinkovitosti in razpoložljivosti
Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of efficiency and availability
Sicherheit von Verpackungsmaschinen - Teil 11: Ermittlung von Effizienz und
Verfügbarkeit
Sécurité des machines d'emballage - Partie 11 : Détermination de l'efficacité et de la
disponibilité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 415-11:2021
ICS:
55.200 Pakirni stroji Packaging machinery
SIST EN 415-11:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 55.200
English Version
Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of
efficiency and availability
Sécurité des machines d'emballage - Partie 11 : Sicherheit von Verpackungsmaschinen - Teil 11:
Détermination de l'efficacité et de la disponibilité Ermittlung von Effizienz und Verfügbarkeit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 August 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 415-11:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols .13
4 Key figures for describing the operating behaviour of machine systems .17
4.1 General .17
4.2 Calculation bases .17
4.3 General key figures for describing the operating behaviour .17
4.4 Technical key figures for describing the operating behaviour .18
5 System acceptance .18
Annex A (normative) Time model .19
Annex B (normative) Output model .21
Annex C (normative) Minimum points to be agreed upon for the acceptance test .22
Annex D (informative) Acceptance protocol (determination of the technical efficiency E in
S
accordance with EN 415-11) .24
D.1 General information .24
D.2 Acceptance test documentation .26
Annex E (informative) Clarification of root-cause of incidents as prerequisite for the
calculation of key-figures according to EN 415-11 .28
E.1 Root cause clarification of incidents .28
E.2 Example for calculation of key figures according to Clause 4 of this document: Filling
line for beer cans .33
Bibliography .45
2
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 415-11:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 146 “Packaging
machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
EN 415, Safety of packaging machines consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Terminology and classification of packaging machines and associated equipment;
— Part 2: Pre-formed rigid container packaging machines;
— Part 3: Form, fill and seal machines;
— Part 4: Palletisers and depalletisers;
— Part 5: Wrapping machines;
— Part 6: Pallet wrapping machines;
— Part 7: Group and secondary packaging machines;
— Part 8: Strapping machines;
— Part 9: Noise measurement methods for packaging machines, packaging lines and auxiliary equipment,
grade of accuracy 2 and 3;
— Part 10: General requirements.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Introduction
The operation of packaging machines and packaging lines is subject to numerous influences on the part
of the machines and linking devices themselves, the upstream and downstream systems, the contents of
the packaging, the packaging, the auxiliary packaging, the production organization, the service and
maintenance personnel and the ambient conditions at the installation site. As a result, the packaging
process is not disruption-free. During the operation of the packaging machine or packaging line, periods
in which production takes place according to plan and to the required standard of quality stochastically
interchange with periods in which disruptions lead to losses (e.g. due to scrap or production stoppages).
This operating behaviour of a packaging machine or packaging line can be characterized by key figures,
established from partial times on the basis of the structure of the machine working time and the output
produced, or producible, during these periods.
This document defines a time model and an output model derived from this time model. These can be
used to define general key figures and technical key figures for describing the operating behaviour of
packaging machines and packaging lines. For this purpose, the technical key figures only take into
consideration lost time and output losses that can be attributed to each packaging machine or packaging
line examined.
Technical key figures are often based on agreed characteristics that are checked as part of an acceptance
test. In practice, the system boundaries forming the basis of the acceptance test and that of the
organizational and technical boundary conditions clearly influence the value determined for each key
figure. This document specifies requirements for the proper performance of an acceptance test, the
modalities of which should be agreed by the participating parties prior to the acceptance test being
carried out.
The competence of the personnel responsible for the management of the packaging process plays an
essential role.
Personnel (operators, maintenance people, quality staff) should be properly trained and be aware of the
instruction provided by the manufacturer of the machine.
This document aims to promote mutual understanding between manufacturers and users of packaging
machines and packaging lines with the respect to the use of terms and symbols (also referred as
indicators) for the description of a packaging process.
The standard intends to enable the user of the standard to conduct a suitable test in which the operating
conditions are correctly interpreted and attributed to shared causes.
For this reason, informative Annex D is offered which can be used with or without modifications in
contractual specifications.
4
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document is applicable to packaging machines falling within the scope of EN 415-1, referred to in
the following as “machine systems”. This document can also be applied by analogy to other related
processing machines. This document specifies
— a time model,
— an output model derived from this time model,
— general key figures,
— technical key figures, and
— a methodology for system acceptance
for describing the operating behaviour of packaging machines and packaging lines.
This document does not contain safety requirements.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
machine system
system
machines and lines with specified system boundaries regarding introduction of processing materials,
operating materials, the release of output units, waste or scrap
3.1.2
processing material
referring to packaging machines: contents of the packaging, packaging, auxiliary packaging or package
3.1.3
output unit
processing material after passing through the machine system
Note 1 to entry: A packaging process consists of sub-processes in accordance with the basic tasks of packaging (i.e.
forming, filling, sealing, wrapping) as well as the sub-tasks such as the cleaning of the packaging or labelling. In the
context of this document, the packaging process comprises the respective machine system with the specified system
boundaries. An output unit can be an intermediate product of the packaging process, a package or a loading unit.
5
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.4
acceptance
recognition of fulfilment of agreed characteristics of the machine system
3.1.5
acceptance test
test production to determine selected characteristics of the machine system
3.1.6
acceptance period
agreed duration of an acceptance test
3.1.7
disruption
unplanned event that compromises or interrupts the production of quality output units
3.1.7.1
system related disruption
disruption that can be attributed to the machine system considered
3.1.7.2
disruption not related to system
disruption that cannot be attributed to the machine system considered
3.1.8
start-up time
time period from the start of the loading of the first element in the machine system to the point in time
when the first output unit leaves the final element of the machine system
3.1.9
emptying time
time period from the initiation of the production end of the machine system to the point in time when the
last output unit leaves the final element of the machine system
3.1.10
time category
summary of time periods with the same specified use characteristics for the considered machine system
3.1.10.1
theoretically available time
t
T
theoretically available time
Note 1 to entry: 24 h for seven days of the week.
3.1.10.2
idle time
t
I
time period in which the machine system cannot be scheduled for production
6
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.10.3
machine working time
t
W
time period in which the machine system is scheduled for production
3.1.10.4
scheduled down time
t
D
scheduled time without the production of output units (e.g. for scheduled cleaning, maintenance, repair,
equipping or adjustment of the machine system as well as product exchange)
Note 1 to entry: This is the difference between machine working time and operating time.
3.1.10.5
operating time
t
O
time period scheduled for the production of output units by the machine system
3.1.10.6
unplanned down time
t
F
unplanned time without the production of output units due to a disruption
Note 1 to entry: Unplanned down time can be determined automatically or manually.
3.1.10.6.1
system related unplanned down time
t
FS
sum of all system related unplanned down times
3.1.10.6.2
unplanned down time not related to system
t
FE
sum of all non-system related unplanned down times
3.1.10.7
running time
t
R
time period in which the machine system produces
Note 1 to entry: The machine system can produce scrap during running time.
3.1.10.8
scrap time
t
LQ
sum of the times in which the machine system does not produce in a manner conforming to the required
standard of quality
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
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EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.10.9
performance loss time
t
LP
running time minus the sum of quality time and scrap time
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
Note 2 to entry: All loss times that cannot be attributed to the time categories t and t are attributed to t .
LQ F LP
Note 3 to entry: This time category includes calculated loss times due to a reduced working speed as compared
with the set performance as well as scheduled and unscheduled times without performance that are not attributable
to disruptions (e.g. due to start-up or emptying times or supply of processing materials (contents of packaging,
packaging or auxiliary packaging)).
3.1.10.10
quality time
t
Q
time period in which the machine system produces in a manner conforming to the required standard of
quality
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.10.11
loss time
t
L
sum of unplanned down time, scrap time and performance loss time
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.10.11.1
loss time caused by machine system
t
LS
sum of loss times that can be attributed to the machine system
3.1.10.11.2
loss time not caused by machine system
t
LE
sum of loss times that cannot be attributed to the machine system
Note 1 to entry: The reasons can be of a technical nature (e.g. effects of upstream or downstream systems, technical
disruptions due to operating errors or packaging that does not comply with specifications) or of an organizational
nature (internal or external organizational causes). Organizational causes include e.g. a shortage of product or
packaging, unavailability of service or maintenance personnel, performance losses due to packaging or product
qualities that do not comply with specifications, power failures, shortages of supply media.
3.1.11
output
sum of all output units in a specified time period
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.11.1
quality output
q
Q
output of output units conforming to quality produced in the operating time
Note 1 to entry: q is referring to the output that can be produced in quality time.
Q
3.1.11.2
scheduled output
q
O
scheduled quality output
Note 1 to entry: Planning variable.
Note 2 to entry: q is referring to the output that can be produced in operating time.
O
3.1.11.3
agreed output
q
OA
agreed output of output units conforming to quality in a specified time period
3.1.11.4
manufactured output
q
M
actual output of produced output units including scrap
3.1.11.5
output losses
q
L
difference between scheduled output and quality output
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.11.5.1
output losses caused by machine system
q
LS
output losses that can be attributed to the machine system
3.1.11.5.2
output losses not caused by machine system
q
LE
output losses that cannot be attributed to the machine system
3.1.11.5.3
scrap output
q
LQ
output of produced output units that do not comply with the specified quality requirements
Note 1 to entry: Product of good quality withdrawn for a quality check is not counted as scrap.
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EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.11.5.4
performance losses
q
LP
difference between scheduled output and manufactured output
3.1.12
performance
output units per time unit
3.1.12.1
nominal performance
p
n
performance for which the machine system has been calculated and designed for specified processing
materials
Note 1 to entry: The nominal performance depends on the processing materials. Consequently, the machine
system can exhibit different nominal performances.
3.1.12.2
set performance
p
s
theoretical performance achievable at a set working speed of the machine system
3.1.13
key figure
figure for the characterization of the use of a machine system
Note 1 to entry: Developed on the basis of use times, loss times and output losses that have been determined
empirically or by simulation.
3.1.13.1
general key figure
key figure for the calculation of which all relevant loss times and output losses are taken into
consideration
Note 1 to entry: No differentiation is made as to whether the determined loss times have been caused by the
considered machine system itself or by factors external to the system.
3.1.13.1.1
quality performance
p
Q
quality output related to operating time
3.1.13.1.2
quality factor
Q
ratio of quality output to manufactured output
Note 1 to entry: The quality factor is determined based on output and can be converted to a time-based variable.
3.1.13.1.3
running time factor
R
ratio of running time to operating time
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.13.1.4
performance factor
P
ratio of manufactured output to scheduled output
Note 1 to entry: The performance factor is determined based on output and can be converted to a time-based
variable.
3.1.13.1.5
availability
A
ratio of operating time to machine working time
Note 1 to entry: For technical availability see 3.1.13.2.2.
3.1.13.1.6
loading factor
L
ratio of machine working time to theoretically available time
Note 1 to entry: L not used in this document, but useful when the standard is used in link with OEE model.
3.1.13.1.7
overall equipment effectiveness
OEE
ratio of quality time to machine working time
Note 1 to entry: Scheduled down time is taken into consideration.
3.1.13.1.8
efficiency
E
ratio of quality output to scheduled output at a constant set performance at the level of the nominal
performance of the considered machine system
Note 1 to entry: Scheduled down time is not taken into consideration.
Note 2 to entry: Unplanned down time and performance loss times are taken into consideration.
Note 3 to entry: E ≤ 1.
3.1.13.1.9
mean time to repair
MTTR
mean duration of disruption-related down time of the machine system within the operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: Determination of a safe mean value for MTTR is not possible within an implementable acceptance
period.
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EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.13.1.10
mean time between failures
MTBF
mean time elapsed between disruption-related down times of the machine system (time from the end of
the previous disruption to the start of the subsequent disruption) within the operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: Determination of a safe mean value for MTBF is not possible in the framework of an implementable
acceptance period.
3.1.13.2
technical key figure
key figure in the calculation of which output losses and loss times external to the system are not taken
into consideration
3.1.13.2.1
technical quality performance
p
QS
ratio of quality output to operating time adjusted for loss time not caused by machine system
3.1.13.2.2
technical availability
technical running time factor
R
S
ratio of running time to operating time adjusted for unplanned down time not related to system
Note 1 to entry: R ≥ E .
S S
Note 2 to entry: R = E for t = 0 and t = 0.
S S LP LQ
Note 3 to entry: The technical availability takes into consideration neither performance losses nor scrap output.
3.1.13.2.3
technical efficiency
E
S
ratio of quality output to scheduled output adjusted for output losses not attributable to the machine
system at a constant set performance at the level of the nominal performance of the considered machine
system
Note 1 to entry: Corresponds to the previous key figure “technical availability”.
Note 2 to entry: Due to its definition, the technical efficiency is always ≤ 1.
Note 3 to entry: E refers to the processing materials specified to determine p .
S n
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
3.1.13.2.4
delivery efficiency
technical delivery efficiency
D
S
ratio of the quality output to the agreed output adjusted for output losses not attributable to the machine
system
Note 1 to entry: Corresponds to the key figure “delivery efficiency” according to DIN 8782:1984–05 [2].
Note 2 to entry: The manufactured output can be higher than the agreed output. As a result the delivery efficiency
can be > 1.
Note 3 to entry: This is a “further key figure”, see 4.3.
3.1.13.2.5
technical mean time to repair
MTTR
s
mean period of a down time of the machine system due to system related disruptions during the
operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: The determination of a safe mean value for MTTR is not possible within an implementable
S
acceptance period.
Note 3 to entry: This is a “further key figure”, see 4.3.
3.1.13.2.6
technical mean time between failures
MTBF
S
mean time elapsed between down times of the machine system due to system related disruptions during
the operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: The determination of a safe mean value for MTBF is not possible within an implementable
S
acceptance period.
Note 3 to entry: This is a “further key figure”, see 4.3.
3.2 Symbols
Commonly used
unit, output
Term
Rule for calculation
Symbol designation or
(if applicable)
(en)
formats (if
applicable)
Theoretically
t
d; h; min
T
available time
t
Idle time d; h; min
I
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EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Commonly used
unit, output
Term
Rule for calculation
Symbol designation or
(if applicable)
(en)
formats (if
applicable)
Machine working
t t = t – t
d; h; min
W W T I
time
Scheduled down
t
d; h; min
D
time
t t = t – t
Operating time d; h; min
O O W D
Unplanned down
t
d; h; min
F
time
System related
t
unplanned down d; h; min
FS
time
Unplanned down
t
time not related to d; h; min
FE
system
t t = t – t
Running time d; h; min
R R O F
t t = t (q / q )
Scrap time d; h; min
LQ LQ O LQ O
Performance loss
t t = t – t – t
d; h; min
LP LP R Q LQ
time
t t = (q / q ) ⋅ t
Quality time d; h; min
Q Q Q O O
t = t + t + t
L F LP LQ
t
Loss time d; h; min
L
= t + t
LS LE
Loss time caused by
t
d; h; min
LS
system
Loss time not caused
t
by machine system d; h; min
LE
system
unit
q
Scheduled output l
O
kg, t
unit
q
Agreed output l
OA
kg, t
unit
Manufactured
q
l
M
output
kg, t
14
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Commonly used
unit, output
Term
Rule for calculation
Symbol designation or
(if applicable)
(en)
formats (if
applicable)
unit
q q = q – q
Quality output l
Q Q M LQ
kg, t
q = q – q
L O Q
unit
q = q + q
Output losses l
L LS LE
kg, t
= q + q
LP LQ
unit
q
Scrap l
LQ
kg, t
unit
q q = q – q
Performance losses l
LP LP O M
kg, t
unit
Output losses caused
q q = q – q
l
LS LS L LE
by machine system
kg, t
unit
Output losses not
q q = q – q
caused by machine l
LE LE L LS
system
kg, t
unit/min.
Nominal
p
l/min.
n
performance
kg/min.
unit/min.
p
Set performance l/min.
s
kg/min.
unit/min.
p p = q / t
Quality performance l/min.
Q Q Q O
kg/min.
unit/min.
Technical quality
p p = q / (t – t )
l/min.
QS QS Q O LE
performance
kg/min.
Q = q / (q + q )
Q Q LQ
= q / q
Q Quality factor
Q M
= t / (t + t )
Q Q LQ
R = t / t
R Running time factor
R O
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SIST EN 415-11:2021
EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Commonly used
unit, output
Term
Rule for calculation
Symbol designation or
(if applicable)
(en)
formats (if
applicable)
Technical availability
R R = t / (t – t )
S S R O FE Technical running
time factor
P = q / q
M O
P Performance factor
= (t + t ) / t
Q LQ O
A = t / t
A Availability
O W
L = t / t
L Loading factor
W T
OEE = t / t
Q W Overall Equipment
OEE
Effectiveness
= Q ⋅ P ⋅ A
E = q / q = Q ⋅ P,
Q O
where
E Efficiency
q = p ⋅ t and
O n O
p ≤ p
s n
E = q / (q – q ),
S Q O LE
where
E
Technical efficiency
S
q = p ⋅ t and
O n O
p ≤ p
s n
Delivery efficiency
D D = q / (q – q )
S S Q OA LE Technical delivery
efficiency
MTTR = t / f
F
f: total number of the
MTTR Mean time to repair
recorded down times
of the machine system
due to disruptions
MTTR = t / f
S FS S
where
f : total number of the
S
Technical mean time
MTTR
S
recorded down times
to repair
of the machine system
due to system related
disruptions
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EN 415-11:2021 (E)
Commonly used
unit, output
Term
Rule for calculation
Symbol designation or
(if applicable)
(en)
formats (if
applicable)
MTBF = t / f
R
where
Mean time between
f: total number of the
MTBF
failures
recorded down times
of the machine system
due to disruptions
MTBF = t / f
S R S
where
f : total number of the
S
Technical mean time
MTBF
S
recorded down times
between failures
of the machine system
due to system related
disruptions
NOTE The abbreviation ”d” stands for the English word “day” and designates full days.
4 Key figures for describing the operating behaviour of machine systems
4.1 General
Key figures characterize the use of the machine system. The key figures given here are appropriate for
describing the operating behaviour of the machine system during the operating time when used as
intended. The key figures are established on the basis
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 415-11:2020
01-oktober-2020
Varnost pakirnih naprav - 11. del: Ugotavljanje učinkovitosti in razpoložljivosti
Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of efficiency and availability
Sicherheit von Verpackungsmaschinen - Teil 11: Ermittlung von Effizienz und
Verfügbarkeit
Sécurité des machines d'emballage - Partie 11 : Détermination de l'efficacité et de la
disponibilité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 415-11
ICS:
55.200 Pakirni stroji Packaging machinery
oSIST prEN 415-11:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 415-11
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2020
ICS 55.200
English Version
Safety of packaging machines - Part 11: Determination of
efficiency and availability
Sécurité des machines d'emballage - Partie 11 : Sicherheit von Verpackungsmaschinen - Teil 11:
Détermination de l'efficacité et de la disponibilité Ermittlung von Effizienz und Verfügbarkeit
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 146.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 415-11:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols .13
4 Key figures for describing the operating behaviour of machine systems .16
4.1 General .16
4.2 Calculation bases .17
4.3 General key figures for describing the operating behaviour .17
4.4 Technical key figures for describing the operating behaviour .17
5 System acceptance .17
Annex A (normative) Time model .19
Annex B (normative) Output model .21
Annex C (normative) Minimum points to be agreed upon for the acceptance test .22
Annex D (informative) Acceptance protocol (determination of the technical efficiency E in
S
accordance with EN 415-11) .24
D.1 General information .24
D.2 Acceptance test documentation .26
Annex E (informative) Clarification of root-cause of incidents as prerequisite for the
calculation of key-figures according to EN 415-11 .28
E.1 Root cause clarification of incidents .28
E.1.1 Flow chart root cause clarification .28
E.1.2 Technical root causes .30
E.1.3 Organizational root causes .31
E.1.4 Upstream and downstream of the machine observed .31
E.2 Example for calculation of key figures according to Clause 4 of this document: Filling
line for beer cans .32
E.2.1 Description of machine system considered (Figure E.2) .32
E.2.2 Incidents observed during observation period .33
E.2.3 Calculation of key figures for machine observed (here: filling block) .34
E.2.4 Calculation of key figures for can filling line .38
E.2.5 Calculation of technical availability of integrated machine units (upstream and
downstream) .41
Bibliography .45
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European foreword
This document (prEN 415-11:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 146 “Packaging
machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
The operation of packaging machines and packaging lines is subject to numerous influences on the part
of the machines and linking devices themselves, the upstream and downstream systems, the contents of
the packaging, the packaging, the auxiliary packaging, the production organization, the service and
maintenance personnel and the ambient conditions at the installation site. As a result, the packaging
process is not disruption-free. During the operation of the packaging machine or packaging line, periods
in which production takes place according to plan and to the required standard of quality stochastically
interchange with periods in which disruptions lead to losses (e.g. due to scrap or production stoppages).
This operating behaviour of a packaging machine or packaging line can be characterized by key figures,
established from partial times on the basis of the structure of the machine working time and the output
produced, or producible, during these periods.
This document defines a time model and an output model derived from this time model. These can be
used to define general key figures and technical key figures for describing the operating behaviour of
packaging machines and packaging lines. For this purpose, the technical key figures only take into
consideration lost time and output losses that can be attributed to each packaging machine or packaging
line examined.
Technical key figures are often based on agreed characteristics that are checked as part of an acceptance
test. In practice, the system boundaries forming the basis of the acceptance test and that of the
organizational and technical boundary conditions clearly influence the value determined for each key
figure. This document specifies requirements for the proper performance of an acceptance test, the
modalities of which should be agreed by the participating parties prior to the acceptance test being
carried out.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable for packaging machines falling within the scope of EN 415-1, referred to in
the following as “machine systems”. This document can also be applied by analogy to other related
processing machines.
This document does not contain safety requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 415-1, Safety of packaging machines — Part 1: Terminology and classification of packing machines and
associated equipment
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
machine system
system
machines and lines with defined system boundaries regarding introduction of processing materials,
operating materials, the release of output units, waste or scrap
3.1.2
processing material
referring to packaging machines: contents of the packaging, packaging, auxiliary packaging or package
3.1.3
output unit
processing material after passing through the machine system
Note 1 to entry: A packaging process consists of sub-processes in accordance with the basic tasks of packaging (i.e.
forming, filling, sealing, wrapping) as well as the sub-tasks such as the cleaning of the packaging or labelling. In the
context of this document, the packaging process comprises the respective machine system with the defined system
boundaries. A output unit can be an intermediate product of the packaging process, a package or a loading unit.
3.1.4
acceptance
recognition of fulfilment of agreed characteristics of the machine system
3.1.5
acceptance test
test production to determine selected characteristics of the machine system
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3.1.6
acceptance period
agreed duration of an acceptance test
3.1.7
disruption
unplanned event that compromises or interrupts the production of quality output units
3.1.7.1
system related disruption
disruption that can be attributed to the machine system considered
3.1.7.2
disruption not related to system
disruption that cannot be attributed to the machine system considered
3.1.8
start-up time
time period from the start of the loading of the first element in the machine system to the point in time
when the first output unit leaves the final element of the machine system
3.1.9
emptying time
time period from the initiation of the production end of the machine system to the point in time when the
last output unit leaves the final element of the machine system
3.1.10
time category
summary of time periods with the same defined use characteristics for the considered machine system
3.1.10.1
theoretically available time
t
T
theoretically available time
Note 1 to entry: 24 h for seven days of the week.
3.1.10.2
idle time
t
I
time period in which the machine system cannot be scheduled for production
3.1.10.3
machine working time
t
W
time period in which the machine system is scheduled for production
3.1.10.4
scheduled down time
t
D
scheduled time without the production of output units (e.g. for scheduled cleaning, maintenance, repair,
equipping or adjustment of the machine system as well as product exchange)
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Note 1 to entry: Difference between machine working time and operating time.
3.1.10.5
operating time
t
O
time period scheduled for the production of output units by the machine system
3.1.10.6
unplanned down time
t
F
unplanned time without the production of output units due to a disruption
Note 1 to entry: Unplanned down time can be determined automatically or manually.
3.1.10.6.1
system related unplanned down time
t
FS
sum of all system related unplanned down times
3.1.10.6.2
unplanned down time not related to system
t
FE
sum of all non-system related unplanned down times
3.1.10.7
running time
t
R
time period in which the machine system produces
Note 1 to entry: The machine system can produce scrap during running time.
3.1.10.8
scrap time
t
LQ
sum of the times in which the machine system does not produce in a manner conforming to the required
standard of quality
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.10.9
performance loss time
t
LP
running time minus the sum of quality time and scrap time
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
Note 2 to entry: All loss times that cannot be attributed to the time categories t and t are attributed to t .
LQ F LP
Note 3 to entry: This time category includes calculated loss times due to a reduced working speed as compared
with the set performance as well as scheduled and unscheduled times without performance that are not attributable
to disruptions (e.g. due to start-up or emptying times or supply of processing materials (contents of packaging,
packaging or auxiliary packaging)).
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3.1.10.10
quality time
t
Q
time period in which the machine system produces in a manner conforming to the required standard of
quality
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.10.11
loss time
t
L
sum of unplanned down time, scrap time and performance loss time
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.10.11.1
loss time caused by machine system
t
LS
sum of loss times that can be attributed to the machine system
3.1.10.11.2
loss time not caused by machine system
t
LE
sum of loss times that cannot be attributed to the machine system
Note 1 to entry: The reasons can be of a technical nature (e.g. effects of upstream or downstream systems, technical
disruptions due to operating errors or packaging that does not comply with specifications) or of an organizational
nature (internal or external organizational causes). Organizational causes include e.g. a shortage of product or
packaging, unavailability of service or maintenance personnel, performance losses due to packaging or product
qualities that do not comply with specifications, power failures, shortages of supply media.
3.1.11
output
sum of all output units in a defined time period
3.1.11.1
quality output
q
Q
output of output units conforming to quality produced in the operating time
3.1.11.2
scheduled output
q
O
scheduled quality output
Note 1 to entry: Planning variable.
3.1.11.3
agreed output
q
OA
agreed output of output units conforming to quality in a defined time period
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3.1.11.4
manufactured output
q
M
actual output of produced output units including scrap
3.1.11.5
output losses
q
L
difference between scheduled output and quality output
Note 1 to entry: Mathematical variable.
3.1.11.5.1
output losses caused by machine system
q
LS
output losses that can be attributed to the machine system
3.1.11.5.2
output losses not caused by machine system
q
LE
output losses that cannot be attributed to the machine system
3.1.11.5.3
scrap output
q
LQ
output of produced output units that do not comply with the specified quality requirements
3.1.11.5.4
performance losses
q
LP
difference between scheduled output and manufactured output
3.1.12
performance
p
output units per time unit
3.1.12.1
nominal performance
p
n
performance for which the machine system has been calculated and designed
Note 1 to entry: The nominal performance depends on the processing materials. Consequently, the machine
system can exhibit different nominal performances.
3.1.12.2
set performance
p
s
theoretical performance achievable at a set working speed of the machine system
Note 1 to entry: The set performance has an influence on the quality of the output units and the system stability.
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3.1.13
key figure
figure for the characterization of the use of a machine system
Note 1 to entry: Developed on the basis of use times, loss times and output losses that have been determined
empirically or by simulation.
3.1.13.1
general key figure
key figure for the calculation of which all relevant loss times and output losses are taken into
consideration
Note 1 to entry: No differentiation is made as to whether the determined loss times have been caused by the
considered machine system itself or by factors external to the system.
3.1.13.1.1
quality performance
p
Q
quality output related to operating time
Note1 to entry: Corresponds to the previous key figure “operating performance”.
3.1.13.1.2
quality factor
Q
ratio of quality output to manufactured output
Note 1 to entry: The quality factor is determined based on output and can be converted to a time-based variable.
3.1.13.1.3
running time factor
R
ratio of running time to operating time
3.1.13.1.4
performance factor
P
ratio of manufactured output to scheduled output
Note 1 to entry: The performance factor is determined based on output and can be converted to a time-based
variable.
3.1.13.1.5
availability
A
ratio of operating time to machine working time
Note 1 to entry: For technical availability see 3.1.13.2.2.
3.1.13.1.6
loading factor
L
ratio of machine working time to theoretically available time
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3.1.13.1.7
overall equipment effectiveness
OEE
ratio of quality time to machine working time
Note 1 to entry: Scheduled down time is taken into consideration.
3.1.13.1.8
efficiency
E
ratio of quality output to scheduled output at a constant set performance at the level of the nominal
performance of the considered machine system
Note 1 to entry: Scheduled down time is not taken into consideration.
Note 2 to entry: Unplanned down time and performance loss times are taken into consideration.
Note 3 to entry: E ≤ 1.
3.1.13.1.9
mean time to repair
MTTR
mean duration of disruption-related down time of the machine system within the operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: Determination of a safe mean value for MTTR is not possible within an implementable acceptance
period.
3.1.13.1.10
mean time between failures
MTBF
mean time elapsed between disruption-related down times of the machine system (time from the end of
the previous disruption to the start of the subsequent disruption) within the operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: Determination of a safe mean value for MTBF is not possible in the framework of an implementable
acceptance period.
3.1.13.2
technical key figure
key figure in the calculation of which output losses and loss times external to the system are not taken
into consideration
3.1.13.2.1
technical quality performance
p
QS
ratio of quality output to operating time adjusted for loss time not caused by machine system
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3.1.13.2.2
technical availability
technical running time factor
R
S
ratio of running time to operating time adjusted for unplanned down time not related to system
Note 1 to entry: R ≥ E .
S S
Note 2 to entry: R = E for t = 0 and t = 0.
S S LP LQ
Note 3 to entry: The technical availability takes into consideration neither performance losses nor scrap output.
3.1.13.2.3
technical efficiency
E
S
ratio of quality output to scheduled output adjusted for output losses not attributable to the machine
system at a constant set performance at the level of the nominal performance of the considered machine
system
Note 1 to entry: Corresponds to the previous key figure “technical availability”.
Note 2 to entry: Due to its definition, the technical efficiency is always ≤ 1.
3.1.13.2.4
delivery efficiency
technical delivery efficiency
D
S
ratio of the quality output to the agreed output adjusted for output losses not attributable to the machine
system
Note 1 to entry: Corresponds to the key figure “delivery efficiency” according to DIN 8782:1984–05 (see
Bibliography [1]).
Note 2 to entry: The manufactured output can be higher than the agreed output. As a result the delivery efficiency
can be > 1.
3.1.13.2.5
technical mean time to repair
MTTR
s
mean period of a down time of the machine system due to system related disruptions during the
operating time
Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: The determination of a safe mean value for MTTR is not possible within an implementable
S
acceptance period.
3.1.13.2.6
technical mean time between failures
MTBF
S
mean time elapsed between down times of the machine system due to system related disruptions during
the operating time
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Note 1 to entry: Key figure for the evaluation of the system stability based on empirical data.
Note 2 to entry: The determination of a safe mean value for MTBF is not possible within an implementable
S
acceptance period.
3.2 Symbols
Commonly used
Rule for unit, output
Term
Symbol calculation designation or
(en)
(if applicable) formats (if
applicable)
Theoretically available
t
d; h; min
T
time
t
Idle time d; h; min
I
t t = t – t
Machine working time d; h; min
W W T I
t
Scheduled down time d; h; min
D
t t = t – t
Operating time d; h; min
O O W D
t
Unplanned down time d; h; min
F
System related
t
d; h; min
FS
unplanned down time
Unplanned down time
t
d; h; min
FE
not related to system
t t = t – t
Running time d; h; min
R R O F
t t = t (q / q )
Scrap time d; h; min
LQ LQ O LQ O
t t = t – t – t
Performance loss time d; h; min
LP LP R Q LQ
t t = (q / q ) ⋅ t
Quality time d; h; min
Q Q Q O O
t = t + t + t
L F LP LQ
t
Loss time d; h; min
L
= t + t
LS LE
Loss time caused by
t
d; h; min
LS
system
Loss time not caused
t
by machine system d; h; min
LE
system
unit
q
Scheduled output hl, l
O
t, kg
unit
q
Agreed output hl, l
OA
t, kg
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Commonly used
Rule for unit, output
Term
Symbol calculation designation or
(en)
(if applicable) formats (if
applicable)
unit
q
Manufactured output hl, l
M
t, kg
unit
q q = q – q
Quality output hl, l
Q Q M LQ
t, kg
q = q – q
L O Q
unit
q = q + q
Output losses hl, l
L LS LE
t, kg
= q + q
LP LQ
unit
q
Scrap hl, l
LQ
t, kg
unit
q q = q – q
Performance losses hl, l
LP LP O M
t, kg
unit
Output losses caused
q q = q – q
hl, l
LS LS L LE
by machine system
t, kg
unit
Output losses not
q q = q – q
caused by machine hl, l
LE LE L LS
system
t, kg
unit/
min.
p Performance
l/min.
kg/min.
unit/
min.
p
Nominal performance
n
l/min.
kg/min.
unit/
min.
p
Set performance
s
l/min.
kg/min.
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Commonly used
Rule for unit, output
Term
Symbol calculation designation or
(en)
(if applicable) formats (if
applicable)
unit/
min.
p p = q / t
Quality performance
Q Q Q O
l/min.
kg/min.
unit/
min.
Technical quality
p p = q / (t – t )
QS QS Q O LE
performance l/min.
kg/min.
Q = q / (q + q )
Q Q LQ
= q / q
Q Quality factor
Q M
= t / (t + t )
Q Q LQ
R = t / t
R Running time factor
R O
Technical availability
R R = t / (t – t )
S S R O FE Technical running
time factor
P = q / q
M O
P Performance factor
= (t + t ) / t
Q LQ O
A = t / t
A Availability
O W
L = t / t
L Loading factor
W T
OEE = t / t
Q W Overall Equipment
OEE
Effectiveness
= Q ⋅ P ⋅ A
E = q / q = Q ⋅ P,
Q O
where
E Efficiency
q = p ⋅ t and
O n O
p ≤ p
s n
E = q / (q – q ),
S Q O LE
where
E
Technical efficiency
S
q = p ⋅ t and
O n O
p ≤ p
s n
Delivery efficiency
D = q / (q –
S Q OA
D
S Technical delivery
q )
LE
efficiency
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Commonly used
Rule for unit, output
Term
Symbol calculation designation or
(en)
(if applicable) formats (if
applicable)
MTTR = t / f
F
f: total number of the
recorded down
MTTR Mean time to repair
times of the machine
system due to
disruptions
MTTR = t / f
S FS S
where
f : total number of
S
Technical mean time
MTTR the recorded down
S
to repair
times of the machine
system due to
system related
disruptions
MTBF = t / f
R
where
f: total number of the
Mean time between
MTBF
recorded down
failures
times of the machine
system due to
disruptions
MTBF = t / f
S R S
where
f : total number of
S
Technical mean time
MTBF the recorded down
S
between failures
times of the machine
system due to
system related
disruptions
NOTE The abbreviation ”d” stands for the English word “day” and designates full days.
4 Key figures for describing the operating behaviour of machine systems
4.1 General
Key figures characterize the use of the machine system. The key figures given here are appropriate for
describing the operating behaviour of the machine system during the operating time when used as
intended. The key figures are established on the basis of time and output losses that have been
determined empirically or in simulations. This document differentiates between general key figures and
technical key figures. General key figures describe the operating behaviour without having to distinguish,
when establishing loss outputs or loss times, whether their causes lie in the machine system itself or
outside of the considered machine system, i.e. external to the machine system. In contrast to this, output
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losses and loss times caused external to the machine system are not taken into consideration for technical
key figures. Thus, to establish technical key figures it is necessary that when determining output losses
and loss times their causes are also clarified. In practice this involves additional effort as, for instance,
displayed disruptions of the machine system can be caused by technical disruptions of upstream or
downstream machine systems, by operating errors or by the flawed quality of the processing materials.
4.2 Calculation bases
For the calculation of the general key figures and the technical key figures the rules for calculation
presented in 3.2 as well as the time model given in Annex A and the output model given in Annex B shall
be used.
4.3 General key figures for describing the operating behaviour
To describe the operating behaviour of machine systems at least the following general key figures shall
be dete
...
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