SIST EN 14734:2022
(Main)Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
This document describes a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It can also be used to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holzarten zur Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
Dieses Dokument beschreibt ein Laborverfahren zur Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holz, um die wahrscheinliche Reaktion unterschiedlicher Holzarten auf die Imprägnierung mit Holzschutzmitteln zu bestimmen. Es kann auch dazu verwendet werden, Abweichungen zwischen Proben derselben Holzart, jedoch unterschiedlicher Herkunft, zu untersuchen.
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Détermination de l'imprégnabilité d'essences de bois par des produits de préservation - Méthode de laboratoire
Le présent document décrit une méthode de laboratoire permettant de déterminer l'imprégnabilité du bois, afin de prévoir la réaction probable de différentes essences de bois à une imprégnation par des produits de préservation. Il peut aussi être utilisé pour vérifier les variations entre les échantillons de la même essence mais d'une origine différente.
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Ugotavljanje možnosti za impregnacijo lesnih vrst z biocidnimi proizvodi za zaščito lesa - Laboratorijska metoda
Ta dokument opisuje laboratorijsko metodo za določanje možnosti impregnacije lesa, da se opredeli verjetna reakcija različnih vrst lesa na impregnacijo s sredstvi za zaščito lesa. Uporablja se lahko tudi za proučevanje razlik med vzorci iste vrste, vendar različnega izvora.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14734:2022
01-september-2022
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Ugotavljanje možnosti za impregnacijo lesnih
vrst z biocidnimi proizvodi za zaščito lesa - Laboratorijska metoda
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber
species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von
Holzarten zur Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Détermination de l'imprégnabilité
d'essences de bois par des produits de préservation - Méthode de laboratoire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14734:2022
ICS:
71.100.50 Kemikalije za zaščito lesa Wood-protecting chemicals
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
SIST EN 14734:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14734:2022
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 79.040 Supersedes CEN/TR 14734:2004
English Version
Durability of wood and wood-based products -
Determination of treatability of timber species to be
impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory
method
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten -
Détermination de l'imprégnabilité d'essences de bois Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holzarten zur
par des produits de préservation - Méthode de Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
laboratoire
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 April 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14734:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 5
5 Reagents . 5
5.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution of 50 g/kg. . 5
5.2 Indicator solution. 5
5.3 Sealing compound . 5
6 Apparatus . 6
7 Preparation of test specimens . 7
8 Procedure. 7
8.1 Moisture content and density determination . 7
8.2 Impregnation of test specimens (standard procedure) . 7
8.3 Measurement of penetration . 8
9 Data handling. 9
9.1 Treatability classes for individual test samples . 9
9.2 Differentiation between treatability classes 3 and 4 . 10
9.3 Assignation of a treatability class to a set of specimens . 10
10 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidance on sampling . 12
A.1 General . 12
A.2 Origin of the material . 12
A.3 Homogeneity of the sample . 12
A.4 Heartwood . 12
A.5 Saw pattern . 13
A.6 Seasoning . 13
A.7 Grading . 13
Annex B (informative) Example of a test report . 14
Bibliography . 16
2
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14734:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of
wood and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 14734:2004.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
Introduction
The basis for this document was prepared as being part of the work for SMT project MAT-CT 94061
project number 3307: Improvement of CEN standards by short term methods for testing the natural
durability and treatability of solid wood and wood based panel products.
It provides the means whereby the treatability of sapwood or heartwood of different wood species can
be determined in order to determine likely reaction to impregnation with wood preservatives. Such an
assessment provides data for use in EN 351-1 which establishes a system for specifying the treatment of
wood with wood preservatives based upon the penetration and retention of preservatives achieved by
the treatment process. EN 351-1 recognizes that different wood species respond to treatment differently
depending on their ability to absorb preservative, and requires a different level of compliance depending
on the treatability of the wood concerned. While EN 350 includes a subjective classification of the
treatability of different wood species using a four class system, the method described in this document
provides the means to determine the treatability objectively.
Although the method described uses an aqueous solution as the impregnating liquid, the method can be
modified using other preservative types, e.g. organic solvent or emulsion preparations, if the response of
the wood to a specific preservative is required. However, the method does not take account of
preservative formulations where the active ingredients are selectively adsorbed on to the wood substrate
resulting in the solvent penetrating more deeply than the biocides.
4
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order
to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is
also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
After moisture and density determination of each of the test specimens, a set of test specimens is
impregnated with copper sulfate solution in accordance with a standard test procedure. After application
of an indicator solution to the exposed cross-section and to one of the exposed longitudinal surfaces of
each of test specimens, the lateral and axial penetration is measured and the treatability class is
evaluated.
5 Reagents
5.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution of 50 g/kg
Dissolve 50 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO • 5H O) in 950 g water, preferably deionized.
4 2
NOTE The volume of copper sulfate solution required will depend on the capacity of the impregnation
apparatus.
5.2 Indicator solution
For the indication of the penetration an indicator solution, e.g. chrome azurol S, can be used. Dissolve
0,5 g chrome azurol S and 5 g sodium acetate in 100 ml water.
Other indicators can be used but should have at least the same sensitivity to copper as chrome azurol S.
5.3 Sealing compound
A sealing compound which is inert to the copper sulfate solution (5.1) and unaffected by the test
conditions.
5
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and:
6.1 Balance, capable of weighing with maximum permissible error of 0,01 g.
6.2 Conditioning chamber, well ventilated and controlled at (20 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % relative
humidity.
6.3 Measuring devices, capable of measuring the dimensions of test sample size of up to 40 mm and
1000 mm, respectively, and to a maximum uncertainty of measurement of 0,1 mm.
6.4 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (103 ± 2) °C.
6.5 Desiccator, with efficient desiccant (silica gel for example).
6.6 Treatment vessel, consisting of a chamber and header tank with ancillary vacuum and pressure
2
pumps capable of exerting a vacuum of (1 ± 0,5) kPa and a pressure of (10 ± 1) × 10 kPa. The pipe work
between the treatment vessel and the pumps shall be designed so that adding or draining treatment
solutions can be achieved while maintaining the existing pressure in the vessel. A typical treatment vessel
with connected pumps and storage tank is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 storage tank
2 pump
3 vacuum pump
4 treatment vessel (chamber)
PI pressure gauge
Figure 1 — Typical treatment vessel (with connected pumps and storage tank)
6
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SIST EN 14734:2022
EN 14734:2022 (E)
7 Preparation of test specimens
Prepare a minimum of ten test specimens, each from a different plank of the wood species under test (see
also 8.2). The test specimens shall be characterized and marked appropriately so that a distinguishment
between heartwood and sapwood zones are made. The wood shall be sound, straight-grained and
without knots and the visible features of the wood shall be given for example: resin pockets, cross-grain,
widths of annual rings and proportion of latewood. At the time of test, the moisture content of the test
specimens shall be between 13 % and 18 %.
NOTE It is important that the timber tested is representative of the population from which it comes. Guidance
on the sampling of timber is provided in Annex A.
20 test specimens should be used to take into account variability between specimens.
From each plank, prepare a strip having a length of at least 800 mm and a cross-section of
(40 ± 0,3) mm × (40 ± 0,3) mm. When the sapwood zone is less than 40 mm wide it can be necessary to
limit the cross-section of each strip. The lateral surfaces shall be planed and shall be true radial and
tangential surfaces. Cross cut 15 mm to 20 mm from one end and discard. Cross cut a (10 ± 0,1) mm long
sample from the same end, for moisture content and density determination (see 8.1). Trim the other end
of the remaining length to give a test specimen (750 ± 1) mm long for impregnation. Number both test
specimens so as to retain the identity of the plank. Apply the sealing compound (5.3) to one cross-section
end of each test specimen for impregnation and allow to set. Inspect the end seal to ensure that it
completely covers the end grain and apply a second coat if required.
It is recommended that neither dimension of the cross-section is less than 20
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14734:2021
01-februar-2021
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Ugotavljanje možnosti za impregnacijo
vzorcev lesa z biocidnimi proizvodi za les - Laboratorijska metoda
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber
species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von
Holzarten zur Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Détermination de l'imprégnabilité
d'essences de bois par des produits de préservation - Méthode de laboratoire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14734
ICS:
71.100.50 Kemikalije za zaščito lesa Wood-protecting chemicals
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
oSIST prEN 14734:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14734
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2020
ICS 79.040
English Version
Durability of wood and wood-based products -
Determination of treatability of timber species to be
impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory
method
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten -
Détermination de l'imprégnabilité d'essences de bois Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holzarten zur
par des produits de préservation - Méthode de Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
laboratoire
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 38.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14734:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Principle . 5
3 Reagents . 5
3.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution, mass fraction of 5 %. . 5
3.2 Indicator solution. 5
3.3 Sealing compound . 5
4 Apparatus . 5
5 Preparation of test specimens . 6
6 Procedure. 7
6.1 Moisture content and density determination . 7
6.2 Impregnation of test specimens (standard procedure) . 7
6.3 Measurement of penetration . 7
7 Data handling. 9
7.1 Treatability classes for individual test samples . 9
7.2 Differentiation between treatability classes 3 and 4 . 9
7.3 Assignation of a treatability class to a set of specimens . 10
8 Report . 10
Annex A (informative) Guidance on sampling . 11
A.1 Origin of the material . 11
A.2 Homogeneity of the sample . 11
A.3 Heartwood . 11
A.4 Saw pattern . 11
A.5 Seasoning . 12
A.6 Grading . 12
Annex B (informative) Example of a test report . 13
Bibliography . 15
2
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 14734:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability
of wood and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
3
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
Introduction
The basis for this document was prepared as being part of the work for SMT project MAT-CT 94061
project number 3307: Improvement of CEN standards by short term methods for testing the natural
durability and treatability of solid wood and wood based panel products.
It provides the means whereby the treatability of sapwood or heartwood of different wood species can
be determined in order to determine likely reaction to impregnation with wood preservatives. Such an
assessment provides data for use in EN 351-1 which establishes a system for specifying the treatment of
wood with wood preservatives based upon the penetration and retention of preservatives achieved by
the treatment process. EN 351-1 recognizes that different wood species respond to treatment differently
depending on their ability to absorb preservative, and requires a different level of compliance depending
on the treatability of the wood concerned. While EN 350 includes a subjective classification of the
treatability of different wood species using a four class system, the method described in this document
provides the means to determine the treatability objectively.
Although the method described uses an aqueous solution as the impregnating liquid, the results can be
used to give guidance on the treatability of the samples under test. Alternatively, the method can be
modified using other preservative types, e g organic solvent or emulsion preparations, if the response of
the wood to a specific preservative is required. However, it should be noted that the method does not
take account of preservative formulations where the active ingredients are selectively adsorbed on to the
wood substrate resulting in the solvent penetrating more deeply than the biocides.
4
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order
to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It
can also be used to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
After moisture and density determination of each of the test specimens, a set of test specimens is
impregnated with copper sulfate solution in accordance with a standard test procedure. After application
of an indicator solution to the exposed cross-section and to one of the exposed longitudinal surfaces of
each of test specimens, the lateral and axial penetration is measured and the treatability class is
evaluated.
5 Reagents
5.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution, mass fraction of 5 %.
Dissolve 50 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO x 5H O) in 950 g water, preferably deionized.
4 2
NOTE The volume of copper sulfate solution required will depend on the capacity of the impregnation
apparatus.
5.2 Indicator solution
For the indication of the penetration an indicator solution, e.g. chrome azurol S, can be used. Dissolve 0,5g
chrome azurol S and 5 g sodium acetate in 100 ml water.
Other indicators can be used but should have at least the same sensitivity to copper as chrome azurol S.
5.3 Sealing compound
A sealing compound which is inert to the copper sulfate solution (5.1) and unaffected by the test
conditions.
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and:
6.1 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,01 g.
6.2 Conditioning chamber, well ventilated and controlled at (20 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % relative
humidity.
5
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
6.3 Measuring device, capable of measuring the dimensions of test samples of up to 40 mm in size and
to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
6.4 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (103 ± 2) °C.
6.5 Desiccator, with efficient desiccant (silica gel for example).
6.6 Impregnation apparatus, consisting of a chamber and header tank with ancillary vacuum
1) 2
andpressure pumps capable of exerting a vacuum of (1 ± 0,5) kPa and a pressure of (10 ± 1) × 10 kPa.
The pipe work between the chamber and the pumps shall be designed so that adding or draining
treatment solutions can be achieved while maintaining the existing pressure in the vessel. A typical
apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 storage tank
2 pump
3 vacuum pump
4 chamber
PI pressure gauge
Figure 1 — Typical impregnation apparatus
7 Preparation of test specimens
Prepare a minimum of ten test specimens, each from a different plank of the wood species under test (see
also 8.2). The test specimens of heartwood and sapwood shall be identified and marked appropriately.
The wood shall be sound, straight-grained and without knots and the visible features of the wood shall
be given for example: resin pockets, cross-grain, widths of annual rings and proportion of latewood. At
the time of test, the moisture content of the test specimens shall be between 13 % and 18 %.
NOTE It is important that the timber tested is representative of the population from which it comes. Guidance
on the sampling of timber is provided in Annex A.
It is recommended that 20 test specimens are used to take into account variability between specimens.
From each plank, prepare a strip having a length of at least 800 mm and a cross-section of
(40 ± 0,3) mm × (40 ± 0,3) mm. When the sapwood zone is less than 40 mm wide it might be necessary
to limit the cross-section of each strip. The lateral surfaces shall be planed and shall be true radial and
1)
1 kPa = 10 mbar.
6
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oSIST prEN 14734:2021
prEN 14734:2020 (E)
tangential surfaces. Cross cut 15 mm to 20 mm from one end and discard. Cross cut a (10 ± 0,1) mm long
sample from the same end, for moisture content and density determination (see 8.1). Trim the other end
of the remaining length to give a test specimen (750 ± 1) mm long for impregnation. Number both test
specimens so as to retain the identity of the plank. Apply the sealing compound (5.3) to one cross-section
end of each test specimen for impregnation and allow to set. Inspect the end seal to ensure that it
completely covers the end grain and apply a second coat if required.
It is recommended that neither dimension of the cross-section is less than 20 mm.
8 Procedure
8.1 Moisture content and density determination
Weigh each test specimen for moisture content determination to the nearest 0,01 g using the balance
(6.1), to determine the initial mass (m ). Transfer the test specimens to the drying oven (6.4). Dry the test
0
specimens for 18 h to 24 h, cool to room temperature in a desiccator (6.5), weigh each test specimen to
the nearest 0,01 g and record the final mass (m ). Calculate the moisture content of e
...
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