SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
(Main)Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
This European Standard specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal pressure of the valve.
Industriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren für drucktragende Gehäuse von Armaturen aus Stahl
Diese Europäische Norm legt das Verfahren zur Berechnung der Festigkeit des drucktragenden Gehäuses gegen den Innendruck der Armatur fest.
Robinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de calcul relative aux enveloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acier
La présente Norme européenne spécifie la méthode de calcul de la résistance de l'enveloppe par rapport à la pression intérieure de l’appareil de robinetterie.
Industrijski ventili - Trdnost ohišja - 2. del: Metoda za izračun ohišij jeklenih ventilov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
01-december-2021
Industrijski ventili - Trdnost ohišja - 2. del: Metoda za izračun ohišij jeklenih
ventilov
Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
Industriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren für
drucktragende Gehäuse von Armaturen aus Stahl
Robinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de
calcul relative aux enveloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acier
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021
ICS:
23.060.01 Ventili na splošno Valves in general
SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.060.01 Supersedes EN 12516-2:2014
English Version
Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2:
Calculation method for steel valve shells
Robinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des Industriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2:
enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de calcul relative aux Berechnungsverfahren für drucktragende Gehäuse von
enveloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acier Armaturen aus Stahl
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2014 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 September
2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Symbols and units . 7
4 General conditions for strength calculation . 13
5 Design pressure . 14
6 Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 Steels and cast steels other than defined in 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5. 15
6.3 !Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation > 30
%" . 16
6.4 !Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation > 35
%" . 16
6.5 Ferritic and martensitic cast steel . 16
6.6 Creep conditions . 16
7 Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies . 16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Wall thickness of bodies and branches outside crotch area . 17
7.2.1 General . 17
7.2.2 Cylindrical bodies or branches . 17
7.2.3 Spherical bodies or branches . 18
7.2.4 Conical bodies or branches . 18
7.2.5 Bodies or branches with oval or rectangular cross-sections . 20
7.3 Wall thickness in the crotch area . 27
7.4 Examples of pressure-loaded areas Ap and metallic cross-sectional areas Af . 28
7.4.1 General . 28
7.4.2 Cylindrical valve bodies . 29
7.4.3 Spherical valve bodies . 31
7.4.4 Oval and rectangular cross-sections . 32
7.4.5 Details . 33
8 Calculation methods for bonnets and covers . 36
8.1 General . 36
8.2 Covers made of flat plates . 36
8.2.1 General . 36
8.2.2 Circular cover without opening, with . 41
8.2.3 Circular covers with concentric circular opening, with . 42
8.2.4 Non-circular covers (elliptical or rectangular) . 43
8.2.5 Special covers made of flat circular plates for specific load and clamping conditions . 44
8.3 Covers consisting of a spherically domed end and an adjoining flanged ring . 59
8.3.1 General . 59
8.3.2 Wall thickness and strength calculation of the spherical segment . 60
8.3.3 Calculation of the flanged ring. 61
8.3.4 Reinforcement of the stuffing box area . 63
8.4 Dished heads . 63
8.4.1 General remarks . 63
2
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
8.4.2 Solid dished heads . 64
8.4.3 Dished heads with opening . 65
8.4.4 Allowances on the wall thickness . 67
9 Calculation method for pressure sealed bonnets and covers. 68
10 Calculation methods for flanges . 70
10.1 General . 70
10.2 Circular flanges . 70
10.2.1 General . 70
10.2.2 Flanges with tapered neck . 71
10.2.3 Flanges greater than DN 1 000. 73
10.2.4 Welding neck with tapered neck according to Figure 48 . 74
10.2.5 Weld-on flanges . 75
10.2.6 Reverse flanges . 78
10.2.7 Loose flanges . 78
10.3 Oval flanges . 80
10.3.1 Oval flanges in accordance with Figure 54 . 80
10.3.2 Oval flanges in accordance with Figure 55 . 82
10.4 Rectangular or square flanges . 84
10.4.1 Rectangular or square flanges in accordance with Figure 57 . 84
10.4.2 Rectangular slip-on flanges in accordance with Figure 58 . 85
10.5 Calculation of the bolt diameter . 86
10.5.1 Design temperature . 86
10.5.2 Diameter of the nominal tensile stress . 86
10.5.3 Load cases . 86
10.5.4 Safety factors and allowances . 87
11 Calculation methods for glands . 87
11.1 Loads . 87
11.2 Gland bolts . 88
11.3 Gland flanges . 88
11.4 Other components . 88
12 Fatigue . 88
13 Marking . 88
Annex A (informative) Characteristic values of gaskets and joints . 89
Annex B (informative) Calculation procedure . 102
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered" . 104
Bibliography . 105
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 69
“Industrial valves”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by April 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 September 2021.
This document supersedes !EN 12516-2:2014".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
!In comparison with the previous edition EN 12516-2:2004, the following significant changes have been
made in the new edition EN 12516-2:2014:"
a) the normative references were updated;
b) all formulae and figures have been renumbered; in particular 10.6 “Design temperature” became 10.5
“Calculation of the bolt diameter”;
c) some formulae were changed:
1) Formulae (3) to (6) for calculated wall thickness have been added;
2) Formulae (9) and (10) for calculation of e in case of d / d > 1,7 have been added;
o i
c
3) Formulae (17) and (20) for conical bodies or branches have been added;
d) the figures were changed and/or updated:
1) a new Figure 1 “Composition of section thickness and tolerance allowances” has been added;
2) Figure 2 “Cone calculation coefficient” has been over-worked;
3) former Figures 6a and 6b are now combined in Figure 7 “Calculation coefficient B for rectangular
n
cross-sections”;
4) Figures 23, 24, and 25 used to establish the calculation coefficients C , C and C were moved to
x y z
8.2.1;
4
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
5) the new Figure 46 “Types of flange connections” has been added;
e) tables were updated:
1) Table 1 giving the symbols characteristics and units has been revised;
2) a column for test conditions in Table 2 “Nominal design stresses (allowable stresses)” has been
added;
3) Table 5 “Flat circular plates and annular plates — Bending moments as a function of load cases and
clamping conditions” has been revised;
4) Table 7 “Lever arms of the forces in the moment formulae” has been revised;
f) Clause 6 “Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts” now contains references to
PED 97/23/EC;
g) Clause 7 “Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies” has been restructured; and 7.1 now
contains information on calculation of the surface-comparison;
h) Subclauses 8.2.2 and 8.2.3 now draw a distinction between “direct loading” and “not subjected to direct
loading”; and 8.2.3 now contains a warning regarding the mean support diameter d ;
mA
i) there is a new Subclause 8.3.3.5 regarding the diameter of centre of gravity;
j) Clause 10 “Calculation methods for flanges” has been over-worked;
k) the former informative Annex A “Allowable stresses” has been deleted;
l) the Annex “Characteristic values of gaskets and joints” has been over-worked;
m) Annex ZA has been updated.
EN 12516, Industrial valves — Shell design strength, consists of four parts:
— Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells;
— Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells (the present document);
— Part 3: Experimental method;
— Part 4: Calculation method for valve shells manufactured in metallic materials other than steel.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
5
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
Introduction
EN 12516, Industrial valves — Shell design strength, is composed of four parts. EN 12516-1 and EN 12516-2
specify methods for determining the thickness of steel valve shells by tabulation and calculation methods
respectively. EN 12516-3 establishes an experimental method for assessing the strength of valve shells in
steel, cast iron and copper alloy by applying an elevated hydrostatic pressure at ambient temperature.
EN 12516-4 specifies methods for calculating the thickness for valve shells in metallic materials other than
steel.
The calculation method, EN 12516-2, is similar in approach to the former DIN 3840 where the designer is
required to calculate the wall thickness for each point on the pressure temperature curve using the
allowable stress at that temperature for the material he has chosen (see Bibliography, reference [1]). The
allowable stress is calculated from the material properties using safety factors that are defined in EN 12516-
2. The formulae in EN 12516-2 consider the valve as a pressure vessel and ensure that there will be no
excessive deformation or plastic instability.
The tabulation method, EN 12516-1, is similar in approach to ASME B16.34 (see Bibliography, reference [2])
in that the designer can look up the required minimum wall thickness dimension of the valve body from a
table. The internal diameter of the inlet bore of the valve gives the reference dimension from which the
tabulated wall thickness of the body is calculated.
The tabulated thicknesses in EN 12516-1 are calculated using the thin cylinder formula that is also used in
EN 12516-2. The allowable stress used in the formula is equal to 120,7 MPa and the operating pressure, p , in
c
MPa, varies for each PN and Class designation. EN 12516-1 gives these p values for all the tabulated PN and
c
Class designations.
EN 12516-1 specifies PN, Standard Class and Special Class pressure temperature ratings for valve shells with
bodies having the tabulated thickness. These tabulated pressure temperature ratings are applicable to a
group of materials and are calculated using a selected stress, which is determined from the material
properties representative of the group, using safety factors defined in EN 12516-1.
Each tabulated pressure temperature rating is given a reference pressure designation to identify it.
The tabulation method gives one thickness for the body for each PN (see EN 12516-1:2014, 3.1 PN (Body))
or Class designation depending only on the inside diameter, D , of the body at the point where the thickness
i
is to be determined.
The calculated pressure is limited by the ceiling pressure which sets up an upper boundary for high strength
materials and limits the deflection.
A merit of the tabulation method, which has a fixed set of shell dimensions irrespective of the material of the
shell, is that it is possible to have common patterns and forging dies. The allowable pressure temperature
rating for each material group varies proportionally to the selected stresses of the material group to which
the material belongs, using the simple rules above.
A merit of the calculation method is that it allows the most efficient design for a specific application using the
allowable stresses for the actual material selected for the application.
The two methods are based on different assumptions, and as a consequence the detail of the analysis is
different (see Bibliography, reference [3]). Both methods offer a safe and proven method of designing
pressure-bearing components for valve shells.
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal
pressure of the valve.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
!EN 19:2016, Industrial valves — Marking of metallic valves"
!EN 1092-1:2018, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN
designated — Part 1: Steel flanges"
EN 1591-1:2013, Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections — Part 1:
Calculation
EN 10269:2013, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature
properties
EN 12266-1:2012, Industrial valves — Testing of metallic valves — Part 1: Pressure tests, test procedures and
acceptance criteria — Mandatory requirements
EN 12266-2:2012, Industrial valves — Testing of metallic valves — Part 2: Tests, test procedures and
acceptance criteria — Supplementary requirements
1
!EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design"
!EN 16668:2016+A1:2018, Industrial valves — Requirements and testing for metallic valves as pressure
accessories"
!EN ISO 3506-1:2020, Fasteners — Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners —
Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified grades and property classes (ISO 3506 1:2020)"
3 Symbols and units
The following symbols are used:
!Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Unit Description
a
mm lever arm for horizontal force
H
a
mm lever arm for bolt force
S
a
mm lever arm for vertical force
V
B — calculation coefficient to determine the thickness of the flange
B
— calculation coefficient for oval and rectangular cross-sections
1…3
1
As impacted by EN 13445-3:2014/A1:2015, EN 13445-3:2014/A2:2016, EN 13445-3:2014/A3:2017, EN 13445-3:2014/A4:2018,
EN 13445-3:2014/A5:2018, EN 13445-3:2014/A6:2019, EN 13445-3:2014/A7:2019 and EN 13445-3:2014/A8:2019.
7
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
Symbol Unit Description
B
— correction factor for oval flanges
5
B , B
— calculation coefficient for flat circular plates
FI FII
B
— calculation coefficient to determine the thickness of the flange
h
B , B
— calculation coefficient for flat circular plates
MI MII
B , B
— calculation coefficient for flat circular plates
PI PII
b mm double flange width
b
mm minor width in oval and rectangular cross section
1
b
mm major width in oval and rectangular cross section
2
b , b
mm width of the seal
D1 D2
b’
mm width in oval and rectangular cross section
1
b
mm width of the seal
D
b
mm effective width for reinforcement
s
C ,C ,C
— calculation coefficient for covers made of flat plates
x y z
C — calculation coefficient for lens-shaped gaskets
c mm design allowance for bolts
c
mm fabrication tolerance
1
c
mm standardized corrosion and erosion allowance
2
d
mm outside diameter
o
d , d'
mm diameter in base body
0 0
d , d mm diameter for self-sealing closure
01 02
d
mm diameter in branch
1
d
mm diameter in further branch
2
d
mm outside diameter of collar flange
4
d
mm outside diameter of the plate/cover
A
d
mm outside flange diameter
a
d
mm inside diameter
i
d
mm diameter of the biggest inscribed circle
f
d
mm diameter in knuckle
k
d
mm diameter in corner welds
K
d
mm hole diameter
L
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
Symbol Unit Description
d'
mm reduced bolt hole diameter
L
d
mm mean diameter of the plate/cover
m
d
mm mean diameter of the face (see Figure 28)
mA
d'
mm mean diameter
m
d
mm mean diameter of the seal
D
d
mm required bolt diameter
s
d
mm bold circle diameter/reference circle diameter
t
d
mm diameter of centre of gravity
p
d
mm stuffing box outside diameter
ast
d
mm stuffing box inside diameter
ist
d
mm calculated bolt diameter without design allowance
S0
d
mm diameter of the vertical force at the cone
V
E MPa modulus of elasticity
E
MPa modulus of elasticity for material of the seal
D
e
mm wall thickness
n
e
mm wall thickness (final/actual)
an
e actual wall thickness less c and c
mm
acn 1 2
e
mm thickness of flange neck
acF
e calculated theoretical minimum wall thickness, without c and c
mm
cn 1 2
F
N minimum bolt force for the assembly condition
DV
F
N flange force
F
F
N horizontal component force
H
F
N bolt force for operating conditions
S
F
N minimum bolt force
SB
F
N bolt force for assembly conditions
S0
F
N tensile force
T
F
N vertical force at the cone
V
F
N additional force
Z
f MPa nominal design stress
f
MPa
d maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal operating load
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SIST EN 12516-2:2015+A1:2021
EN 12516-2:2014+A1:2021 (E)
Symbol Unit Description
cases
f
MPa nominal design stress for design conditions at temperature t °C
d/t
g , g
mm welding throat depth
1 2
h mm plate thickness
h
mm minimum height for the seating shoulder
0
h
mm minimum height of the inserted ring
1
h
mm minimum depth of the sealing ledge
D
h
mm plate thickness
r
h
mm height of flange hub
A
h
mm plate thickness
c
h
mm thickness of flange
F
h
mm reduced plate thickness
N
...
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