SIST EN 12999:2020+A1:2025
(Main)Cranes - Loader cranes
Cranes - Loader cranes
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on:
- road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability;
- tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods;
- demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above;
- other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels);
- static foundations.
This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment (e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual.
This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document. For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
Krane - Ladekrane
Dieses Dokument legt Mindestanforderungen an Gestaltung, Berechnung, Untersuchungen und Prüfungen von hydraulisch angetriebenen Ladekranen und deren Montage auf Fahrzeuge oder ortsfeste Unterkonstruktionen fest.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Ladekrane, die dafür vorgesehen sind, wie folgt montiert zu werden:
auf Straßenfahrzeuge, einschließlich Anhängern, mit einer verbleibenden Nutzlast;
auf Traktoren (Straße oder Landwirtschaft), bei denen nur der Anhänger über die Möglichkeit verfügt, Güter zu befördern;
als demontierbare Einrichtungen, die von einer der oben genannten Maschinen mitgeführt werden;
auf sonstigen Trägerarten (z. B. Separat-Lader, Raupenfahrzeuge, Schienenfahrzeuge, nicht hochseetüchtige Schiffe);
auf ortsfeste Unterkonstruktionen.
Dieses Dokument gilt außerdem für Ladekrane, die mit Spezialwerkzeugen oder austauschbaren Ausrüstungsteilen (z. B. Greifer/Zange, Zweischalengreifer, Palettengabel usw.), wie in der Betriebsanleitung festgelegt, ausgestattet sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Ladekrane auf Seeschiffen sowie Krane mit Knickauslegersystem, die vollständig als integraler Bestandteil einer speziellen Ausrüstung, wie z. B. Rückefahrzeug (Forwarder), ausgelegt sind.
Die Gefährdungen, die in diesem Dokument behandelt werden, sind in Abschnitt 4 aufgeführt.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die Gefährdungen, die beim Heben von Personen auftreten.
ANMERKUNG Die Verwendung von Kranen für das Heben von Personen kann besonderen nationalen Vorschriften unterliegen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Ladekrane, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden. Für Ladekrane, die vor Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments konstruiert wurden, gelten nach wie vor die Festlegungen hinsichtlich der Spannungsberechnungen entsprechend der Ausgabe von EN 12999, die zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Konstruktion gültig war.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions minimales relatives à la conception, au calcul, aux examens et aux essais des grues de chargement hydrauliques et à leur montage sur des véhicules ou massifs pour montage à poste fixe.
Le présent document s'applique aux grues de chargement conçues pour être installées sur :
- des véhicules routiers, y compris les remorques, ayant une capacité de charge ;
- des tracteurs (routiers ou agricoles), lorsque seule la remorque tractée est capable de transporter des marchandises ;
- des caisses amovibles qui doivent être transportées par l'un des véhicules susmentionnés ;
- d'autres types de transporteurs (par exemple : chargeurs séparés, transporteurs sur chenilles, transporteurs sur rail, navires d’eau douce) ;
- des bases statiques.
Le présent document s'applique également aux grues de chargement équipées d'outils spéciaux ou d'équipements interchangeables (par exemple, grappin, benne preneuse, pince à palette, etc.), comme indiqué dans le manuel de l'opérateur.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement utilisées à bord des navires de haute mer et aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue à flèche articulée qui sont conçus comme faisant partie intégrante d’un équipement spécial tel que des débardeuses.
Les phénomènes dangereux couverts par le présent document sont identifiés à l’Article 4.
Le présent document ne couvre pas les phénomènes dangereux relatifs au levage de personnes.
NOTE L’utilisation d’appareils de levage pour le levage de personnes peut être soumise à des réglementations nationales spécifiques.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues de chargement construites avant sa publication. Pour les grues de chargement conçues avant la publication du présent document, les dispositions concernant les calculs de contraintes dans la version de l’EN 12999 qui était valable au moment de leur conception, ne sont pas encore applicables.
Žerjavi - Nakladalni žerjavi
Ta dokument določa minimalne zahteve za projektiranje, izračun, preglede in preskuse hidravličnih nakladalnih žerjavov ter njihovih elementov za pritrditev na vozila ali statične podlage. Ta dokument se uporablja za nakladalne žerjave, projektirane za namestitev na: – cestna vozila, vključno s priklopniki, za prenašanje bremen; – traktorje (cestne ali kmetijske), pri katerih lahko tovor prevaža le vlečna prikolica; – snemljive kesone katerega koli od zgoraj navedenih vozil; – druge vrste nosilnih vozil (npr. ločeni nakladalniki, goseničarji, železniška vozila, plovila, ki niso namenjena za morsko plovbo); – statične temelje. Ta dokument se uporablja tudi za nakladalne žerjave, opremljene s posebnim orodjem ali zamenljivo opremo (npr. kavelj, školjkasta žlica, prižema za palete itd.), kot je določeno v navodilih za uporabo. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za nakladalne žerjave, ki se uporabljajo na krovu ladij, ali žerjave s členjeno roko, ki so projektirani kot skupni sestavni deli posebne opreme, kot so zgibni polpriklopniki. Nevarnosti, ki jih zajema ta dokument, so opredeljene v točki 4. Ta dokument ne zajema nevarnosti v zvezi z dviganjem oseb. OPOMBA: Za uporabo žerjavov za dviganje oseb lahko veljajo posebni nacionalni predpisi. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za nakladalne žerjave, ki so bili izdelani pred datumom njegove objave. Za nakladalne žerjave, projektirane pred objavo tega dokumenta, še vedno veljajo določbe o izračunih napetosti iz različice standarda EN 12999, ki je bila veljavna v času njihovega projektiranja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2025
Žerjavi - Nakladalni žerjavi
Cranes - Loader cranes
Krane - Ladekrane
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de chargement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12999:2020+A1:2025
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 12999:2020+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 12999:2020
English Version
Cranes - Loader cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues de Krane - Ladekrane
chargement
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2020 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 20 January
2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12999:2020+A1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, illustration of parts and abbreviated terms . 10
3.1 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1.1 Loader crane . 10
3.1.2 Components . 11
3.1.3 Hydraulics . 13
3.1.4 Kinematics . 13
3.1.5 Loads . 14
3.1.6 Moments . 14
3.1.7 Valves. 15
3.1.8 Miscellaneous . 15
3.2 Illustration of parts . 15
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 17
4 List of significant hazards . 17
5 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Structural calculation . 20
5.2.1 Information to be given in the calculation . 20
5.2.2 Dynamic factors . 21
5.2.3 Loads and forces . 23
5.2.4 Load combinations . 25
5.3 Stress analysis . 26
5.3.1 General . 26
5.3.2 Bolted connections . 27
5.4 Mechanical arrangements. 27
5.4.1 Stabilizers . 27
5.4.2 Manual boom extensions . 28
5.4.3 Securing for transport . 28
5.4.4 Hoists . 29
5.4.5 Load hooks . 29
5.5 Hydraulic system . 29
5.5.1 General . 29
5.5.2 Pump . 29
5.5.3 Hydraulic reservoir . 30
5.5.4 Pressure limiting device . 30
5.5.5 Hoses, tubes and fittings . 30
5.5.6 Precautions against hydraulic line rupture . 30
5.5.7 Sink rate for boom system . 31
5.5.8 Slewing mechanism . 31
5.6 Limiting and indicating devices . 31
5.6.1 General . 31
5.6.2 Rated capacity limiter . 34
5.6.3 Lowering facility . 34
5.6.4 Rated capacity indicators . 34
5.6.5 Limiters . 35
5.6.6 Operational warning . 35
5.6.7 Acoustic warning . 35
5.6.8 Stopping device . 35
5.7 Controls . 36
5.7.1 General . 36
5.7.2 Symbols . 36
5.7.3 Layout of bi-directional controls . 37
5.7.4 Guidance for high seat controls . 37
5.8 Control stations . 37
5.8.1 General . 37
5.8.2 Raised control stations . 39
5.9 Electrical systems . 40
5.9.1 General . 40
5.9.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 40
5.10 Installation . 40
5.10.1 General . 40
5.10.2 Mounting . 40
5.10.3 Stability . 41
5.10.4 Noise . 42
5.10.5 Vibrations . 42
5.10.6 Electrical systems (installation). 42
5.10.7 Hydraulic components . 42
5.10.8 Access . 42
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 43
6.1 General . 43
6.2 Testing and test procedures . 48
6.2.1 General . 48
6.2.2 Functional test . 48
6.2.3 Static test . 48
6.2.4 Dynamic test . 49
6.2.5 Stability test . 49
6.2.6 Test documentation . 52
6.2.7 !Documentation of variable rated capacity" . 52
6.3 Noise emission measurement . 53
7 Information for use . 53
7.1 General . 53
7.2 Instructions . 53
7.2.1 Provision of instructions . 53
7.2.2 Instructions for the installer . 53
7.2.3 Instructions for use . 54
7.2.4 Maintenance instructions . 56
7.3 Marking . 56
7.3.1 General . 56
7.3.2 Manufacturer's plate . 56
7.3.3 Installer's plate . 56
7.3.4 Load signs . 57
7.3.5 Special signs on timber handling cranes . 62
7.3.6 Marking of slewing centre . 64
7.3.7 Marking of maximum ground load . 64
7.3.8 Marking for high seat . 64
Annex A (informative) Examples of configurations and mountings . 65
A.1 Boom systems . 65
A.1.1 Loader cranes with straight boom system . 65
A.2 Examples of loader crane mountings . 66
Annex B (informative) Stress history parameter s and stress history classes S . 72
Annex C (informative) Explanatory notes . 76
C.1 Rated capacity limiters . 76
C.2 Safety functions of the rated capacity limiter . 76
C.3 Timber handling cranes – Line rupture . 77
C.4 Control stations . 78
Annex D (informative) Examples of dangerous movements . 79
Annex E (normative) Symbols for working and setting-up functions . 81
Annex F (informative) Control system – Preferred vertical layout for controls operated from
the ground. 83
Annex G (informative) Control system – Horizontal layout order . 85
Annex H (informative) Control levers for high seats and remote controls . 88
H.1 High seat controls . 88
H.1.1 Multidirectional (joy-stick) controls . 88
H.1.2 Bi-directional controls . 88
H.2 Remote controls . 88
Annex I (normative) !Crane cabins fitted on vehicle mounted loader cranes up to a net
lifting moment of 250 kNm" . 91
Annex J (informative) Examples of raised control stations . 94
Annex K (normative) Raised control stations – Measures regarding handrails and
handholds, ladders and steps . 97
Annex L (informative) Installation of a loader crane on a vehicle . 100
L.1 General . 100
L.2 Installation: minimum data . 100
L.2.1 Crane dimensions in transport position: data . 100
L.2.2 Crane data (see Figure L.2) . 100
L.2.3 Mounting data . 101
L.2.4 Power requirements . 101
L.2.5 Stability calculations: data . 101
L.3 Power take off (PTO) and pump displacement . 102
L.4 Calculation method for determination of sub-frame dimensions . 103
L.4.1 General considerations . 103
L.4.2 Stresses . 103
L.4.3 Strength calculation of sub-frame . 103
Annex M (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 106
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 108
Bibliography . 112
European foreword
!This document (EN 12999:2020+A1:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147
“Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12999:2020.
The major changes are the following:
― addressing the risk to be crushed by stabilizer legs with powered tilting devices (5.8.1, 5.6.1.3, C.2.5);
― clarification of cabin type (crane or vehicle) throughout the document;
― clarifying that timber handling cranes may only be operated from a high seat or a cabin (5.8.1);
― changing into a recommendation the requirement to make an additional stability test after having
completed a stability test with the test pressure method (6.2.5.3);
― adding requirement of sufficient field of view when operating the crane from the vehicle cabin (5.8.1).
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 20 January 2025.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document has been prepared under a standardisation request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom."
Introduction
This document is a harmonized standard to provide one means for loader cranes to conform to the
essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of
hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on:
— road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability;
— tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods;
— demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above;
— other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels);
— static foundations.
This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment
(e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator’s manual.
This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom
system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document.
For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress
calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
2 Normative references
!The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE In the event of conflicting statements between referenced documents and this document, the statements
in this document apply.
EN 1677-2:2000+A1:2008, Components for slings — Safety — Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch,
Grade 8
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2021, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes — General Design — Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire
ropes in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-5:2016+A1:2021, Cranes — General design — Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence
of forged and cast hooks
EN 13001-3-6:2018+A1:2021, Cranes — General design — Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence
of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2020, Cranes — Access
EN 14033-2:2017, Railway applications — Track — Railbound construction and maintenance machines —
Part 2: Technical requirements for travelling and working
EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2016)
EN IEC 61000-6-4:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2018)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 62745:2017, Safety of machinery — Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6892-1:2019, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1:2019)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 20607:2019, Safety of machinery — Instruction handbook — General drafting principles
(ISO 20607:2019)"
3 Terms, definitions, illustration of parts and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1 Loader crane
3.1.1.1
loader crane
power driven crane comprising a column, which slews about a base, and a boom system which is attached
on to the top of the column and being designed for loading and unloading vehicles
Note 1 to entry: Annex A gives examples of configuration and mountings.
3.1.1.2
self -powered loader crane
loader crane that has power source and hydraulic pump as integral parts of the machine
3.1.1.3
timber handling crane
loader crane specifically designed, manufactured and equipped with a grapple for loading/unloading of
unprepared timber (e.g. tree trunks, branches)
3.1.1.4
separate loader
vehicle, with no load carrying capacity, equipped with a loader crane and designed to load or unload other
vehicles and trailers
3.1.1.5
demountable body
detachable frame designed to be carried by a vehicle or trailer
3.1.2 Components
3.1.2.1
base
housing incorporating anchoring points and bearings for the slewing column
3.1.2.2
boom
structural member in the boom system of the loader crane
3.1.2.3
boom extension, hydraulic
part of the boom system which is capable of hydraulic telescopic movement to vary its length
3.1.2.4
boom extension, manual
part of the boom system which can be manually attached or manually extended to increase the outreach
of the boom system
3.1.2.5
boom system
complete system, consisting of booms, boom extensions and cylinders
3.1.2.6
column
structural member which supports the boom system
3.1.2.7
control system
interface between the operating levers and the actuating components which provide movements of the
loader crane
3.1.2.8
control station
position from which the loader crane may be operated
3.1.2.9
fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which is fitted directly to the boom of a crane but does not increase the outreach of the
boom system
EXAMPLE Grapple, pallet clamp, clamshell bucket.
3.1.2.10
high seat
control station connected to the column, consequently rotating with the crane
3.1.2.11
hoist
machines for lifting and lowering suspended loads over predetermined distances, using ropes, chains or
belts
3.1.2.12
non-fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a
crane by the user without affecting its integrity and does not increase the outreach of the boom system
3.1.2.13
raised control station
control station at a height above the ground level, i.e. a high seat attached to the column of the loader
crane or a platform positioned above the base of the loader crane
Note 1 to entry: See Annex J.
3.1.2.14
stabilizer
aid to the supporting structure connected to the base of the crane or to the vehicle to provide stability,
without lifting the vehicle from the ground
3.1.2.15
stabilizer extension
part of the stabilizer capable of extending the stabilizer leg laterally from the transport position to the
operating position
3.1.2.16
stabilizer leg
part of a stabilizer capable of contacting the ground to provide the required stability
3.1.2.17
static foundation
fixed support incorporating mounting points for a crane
!3.1.2.18
crane cabin
cabin attached to the crane, designed to operate the crane"
!3.1.2.19
vehicle cabin
cabin being part of the vehicle, mainly designed to operate the vehicle"
!3.1.2.20
leg tilting device
powered device that enables rotating the stabilizer leg to a raised position"
!3.1.2.21
stabilizer control station
position from which the stabilizers can be operated"
3.1.3 Hydraulics
3.1.3.1
current working pressure
working pressure acting on the piston area, giving the same resultant force as the actual pressures acting
on both sides of the piston, and that corresponds to the rated capacity at any time
3.1.3.2
dynamic pressure
pressure in a hydraulic system component or part of hydraulic system caused by dynamic forces on
actuators when handling the load
3.1.3.3
hydraulic line rupture
failure of a hydraulic line which results in a loss of pressure in the line
3.1.3.4
maximum working pressure
maximum pressure in pump circuit or individual working function
3.1.3.5
sink rate
distance in a given time at which the load lowers due to internal leakage of hydraulic components
3.1.3.6
stability test pressure
st
equivalent pressure acting on the piston area of the 1 boom cylinder, used for stability testing and giving
the same resultant force as the actual pressures acting on both sides of the piston
3.1.4 Kinematics
3.1.4.1
articulated movement
movement of boom members pivoting about a pin joint
3.1.4.2
crane inclination
angle between the slewing axis and a vertical line, due to working on slanted or uneven ground
3.1.4.3
lifting movement
raising or lowering of the boom system and/or the load which causes a change in its vertical position
3.1.4.4
maximum outreach
largest outreach shown on the load chart
3.1.4.5
outreach
horizontal distance between the axis of rotation of the column and point of load attachment
3.1.4.6
outreach, hydraulic
outreach which can be obtained with hydraulically actuated parts of the boom system
3.1.4.7
slewing
rotational movement of the column and boom system about the axis of the column
3.1.5 Loads
3.1.5.1
dead load
force due to masses of fixed and movable crane parts which act permanently on the structure while the
crane is being used
3.1.5.2
gross load
sum of payload, lifting attachments and if applicable a portion of the hoist rope
3.1.5.3
maximum working load
maximum load that may be lifted shown on the load plate
3.1.5.4
payload
load which is lifted by the crane and suspended from the non-fixed load-lifting attachment(s) or, if such
an attachment is not used, directly from the fixed load lifting attachment(s)
3.1.5.5
rated capacity
load that the crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the
load)
3.1.5.6
rated capacity indicator
device which gives, within tolerance limits specified in 5.6.2.1, at least a continuous indication that the
rated capacity is exceeded, and another continuous indication (on certain crane types) of the approach
to the rated capacity
3.1.5.7
rated capacity limiter
system that automatically prevents the crane from handling loads in excess of its rated capacity (see also
C.1)
3.1.6 Moments
3.1.6.1
net lifting moment
rated capacity multiplied by outreach
3.1.6.2
total lifting moment
sum of net lifting moment and the moment produced by dead loads
3.1.7 Valves
3.1.7.1
flow sensitive check valve
valve which stops the flow when a pre-set pressure drop level is exceeded
3.1.7.2
load holding valve
valve which is normally closed and is opened by an external force to enable flow of fluid out of a hydraulic
actuator
3.1.7.3
main relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to the hydraulic system of the crane
3.1.7.4
port relief valve
valve which limits the pressure supplied to a hydraulic actuator
3.1.7.5
pressure relief valve
valve which automatically relieves the hydraulic oil to the tank when the pressure exceeds a specified
value
3.1.8 Miscellaneous
3.1.8.1
danger zone
any space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.11]
3.1.8.2
setting-up function
crane function used to prepare the crane for lifting
3.1.8.3
vessel
floating installation that the crane is mounted on
3.2 Illustration of parts
The terms which are used in this document for the main parts of a loader crane are indicated in Figure 1
a) and b).
Boom system consists of items 6 to 12 plus items 16 to 22, if applicable.
a)
b)
Key
nd rd
1 base 9 2 boom cylinder 17 3 boom
rd
2 stabilizer extension 10 boom extension, hydraulic 18 3 boom cylinder
3 stabilizer leg 11 extension cylinders 19 boom extension, hydraulic
4 slewing mechanism, e.g. rack and 12 boom extension, manual 20 extension cylinders
pinion, slewing ring
5 Column 13 hook 21 hook
st
6 1 boom 14 controls 22 boom extension, manual
st
7 1 boom cylinder 15 stabilizer foot
nd rd
8 2 boom 16 3 boom adapter
Figure 1 —
...
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