SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
(Main)Precast concrete products - Hollow core slabs
Precast concrete products - Hollow core slabs
This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria and specifies minimum values where appropriate for precast hollow core slabs made of prestressed or reinforced normal weight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004. This European Standard covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods, and special aspects of transport and erection. Hollow core elements are used in floors, roofs, walls and similar applications. In this European Standard the material properties and other requirements for floors and roofs are dealt with; for special use in walls and other applications, see the relevant product standards for possible additional requirements. The elements have lateral edges provided with a longitudinal profile in order to make a shear key for transfer of vertical shear through joints between contiguous elements. For diaphragm action the joints have to function as horizontal shear joints.
Betonfertigteile - Hohlplatten
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen und die grundlegenden Leistungskriterien und, sofern dies angemessen ist, in Übereinstimmung mit EN 1992-1-1:2004 die Mindestwerte für vorgefertigte Spannbeton- oder Stahlbetonhohlplatten fest.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt die Terminologie, Leistungskriterien, Toleranzen, wesentliche physikalische Eigenschaften, besondere Prüfverfahren und speziell auf den Transport und die Montage bezogene Aspekte.
Hohlplatten werden für Decken, Dächer, Wände und ähnliche Anwendungsbereiche verwendet. In dieser Europäischen Norm werden die Baustoffeigenschaften und andere Anforderungen an Decken und Dächer behandelt; für den Sonderfall der Verwendung für Wände und sonstige Anwendungen wird auf die entsprechenden Produktnormen hinsichtlich möglicher zusätzlicher Anforderungen verwiesen.
Die Bauteile haben Seitenkanten mit einer Längsprofilierung zur Bildung eines Querkraftschlusses zur Über-tragung von vertikalen Querkräften über die Fugen zwischen zwei benachbarten Bauteilen. Um die Scheibenwirkung sicherzustellen, müssen die Fugen als horizontale Schubfugen wirken.
Die Bauteile werden in Fertigteilwerken mit Extrudern, Gleitfertigern oder in Einzelformen hergestellt.
Die Anwendung der Norm ist beschränkt auf Spannbetonbauteile mit einer maximalen Dicke von 500 mm und einer maximalen Breite von 1 200 mm. Bei Stahlbetonbauteilen ist die maximale Dicke auf 300 mm und die maximale Breite ohne Querbewehrung auf 1 200 mm und mit Querbewehrung auf 2 400 mm beschränkt.
Die Bauteile dürfen als Verbundbauteil mit einer statisch mitwirkenden Ortbetonschicht verwendet werden.
Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst Decken und Dächer von Gebäuden, einschließlich Fahr- und Parkflächen für Fahrzeuge der Kategorien F und G nach EN 1991-1-1, die keinen Ermüdungseinwirkungen unterworfen sind. Für das Bauen in Erdbebengebieten sind in EN 1998-1 zusätzliche Vorschriften angegeben.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für ergänzende Dinge. (...)
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Dalles alvéolées
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions et les critères relatifs aux performances de base, et
spécifie, lorsque nécessaire, les valeurs minimales pour les dalles alvéolées préfabriquées en béton de masse
volumique normale précontraint ou armé, conformément à l'EN 1992-1-1:2004.
La présente Norme européenne couvre la terminologie, les critères de performances, les tolérances, les propriétés
physiques pertinentes, les méthodes d'essai particulières et les aspects relatifs au transport et à la mise en oeuvre.
Les dalles alvéolées sont utilisées dans les planchers, les toitures, les murs et pour des applications similaires.
Dans la présente norme, sont traitées les propriétés des matériaux ainsi que d’autres prescriptions pour une
utilisation en planchers et en toitures ; pour des utilisations spéciales en murs et autres applications, se reporter aux
éventuelles prescriptions supplémentaires dans les normes de produits concernées.
Les bords latéraux des éléments présentent un profil longitudinal afin de former une clé de cisaillement pour le
transfert du cisaillement vertical à travers les joints entre éléments contigus. Pour la fonction diaphragme, les joints
doivent permettre la transmission du cisaillement horizontal.
Les éléments sont fabriqués en usine par extrusion, filage ou moulage.
L'application de la présente norme est limitée aux éléments précontraints ayant une hauteur maximale
de!500"mm et une largeur maximale de 1 200 mm. Pour les éléments armés, la hauteur maximale est limitée
à 300 mm, la largeur maximale à 1 200 mm pour les éléments sans armatures transversales et à 2 400 mm pour les
éléments avec armatures transversales.
Les éléments peuvent être utilisés avec une dalle rapportée structurelle coulée en place de manière à créer une
action composite.
Montažni betonski izdelki - Votle plošče
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Betonfertigteile - HohlplattenProduits préfabriqués en béton - Dalles alvéoléesPrecast concrete products - Hollow core slabs91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1168:2005+A2:2009SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009en,fr01-junij-2009SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1168:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1168:2005+A2
March 2009 ICS 91.060.30; 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 1168:2005+A1:2008English Version
Precast concrete products - Hollow core slabs
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Dalles alvéolées
Vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse - Vorgefertigte HohlplattenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 January 2008 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 4 January 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1168:2005+A2:2009: ESIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 2 Contents The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369: Common rules for precast concrete products, at least for the first three digits. When a clause of EN 13369 is not relevant or included in a more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap on numbering. Foreword . 4Introduction . 61Scope . 72Normative references . 73Terms and definitions . 83.1Definitions . 84Requirements . 94.1Material requirements . 94.1.1Prestressing steel . 94.2Production requirements . 94.2.1Structural reinforcement . 94.3Finished product requirements . 104.3.1Geometrical properties . 104.3.2Surface characteristics . 134.3.3Mechanical resistance . 134.3.4Resistance and reaction to fire . 204.3.5Acoustic properties . 204.3.6Thermal properties . 204.3.7Durability . 204.3.8Other requirements. 215Test methods . 215.1Tests on concrete . 215.2Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics . 215.2.1Element dimensions . 215.3Weight of the products . 226Evaluation of conformity . 226.1#General . 226.2Type testing . 226.2.1General . 226.2.2Initial type testing . 226.2.3Further type testing . 236.3Factory production control$ . 237Marking . 237.1General . 238Technical documentation . 24Annex A (normative)
Inspection schemes. 25Annex B (informative)
Typical shapes of joints . 28Annex C (informative)
Transverse load distribution . 30Annex D (informative)
Diaphragm action . 38Annex E (informative)
Unintended restraining effects and negative moments . 39Annex F (informative)
Mechanical resistance in case of verification by calculation: shear capacity of composite members . 42SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 3 Annex G (informative)
Resistance to fire . 45Annex H (informative)
Design of connections . 48Annex J (normative)
!Full scale test" . 50Annex ZA (informative)
#Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives$ . 56Bibliography . 70 SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1168:2005+A2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR #and was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229 – CEN/TC 250, particularely for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes$. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. !This European Standard was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229 – TC 250, particularly for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes." This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2008-01-14 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 2009-01-04. This document supersedes #EN 1168:2005+A1:2008$. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " and # $. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Construction Products Directives (89/106/EEC) of the European Union (EU). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This standard is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products. For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369: Common rules for precast products, from which also the relevant requirements of the EN 206-1: Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performances, production and conformity are taken. The references to EN 13369 by CEN/TC 229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements. Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects. The installation of some structural precast concrete products is dealt with by ENV 13670-1: Execution of concrete structures – Part 1: Common rules, which has at the moment the status of an European Prestandard. In all countries it can be accompanied by alternatives for national application and it shall not be treated as a European standard. The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts: !EN 1168:2005+A1", Precast concrete products – Hollow core slabs !EN 12794:2005+A1", Precast concrete products – Foundation piles EN 12843, Precast concrete products – Masts and poles !EN 13224:2004+A1", Precast concrete products – Ribbed floor elements EN 13225, Precast concrete products – Linear structural elements SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 5 EN 13693, Precast concrete products – Special roof elements !EN 13747", Precast concrete products – Floor plates for floor systems !EN 13978-1, Precast concrete products - Precast concrete garages - Part 1: Requirements for reinforced garages monolithic or consisting of single sections with room dimensions" !EN 14843", Precast concrete products - Stairs !EN 14844", Precast concrete products – Box culverts !EN 14991", Precast concrete products – Foundation elements !EN 14992, Precast concrete products – Wall elements" #EN 15037-1, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 1: Beams EN 15037-2, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 2: Concrete blocks EN 15037-3, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 3: Clay blocks prEN 15037-4, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 4: Polystyrene blocks prEN 15037-5, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 5: Lightweight blocks$ !EN 15258", Precast concrete products – Retaining wall elements !EN 15050", Precast concrete products – Bridge elements This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2). Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works of destination, design Provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength and/or fire resistance, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 6 Introduction The evaluation of conformity given in this standard refers to the completed precast elements which are supplied to the market and covers all the production operations carried out in the factory. For design rules reference is made to EN 1992-1-1. Additional complementary rules are provided where necessary. The verification of the mechanical resistance of hollow core slabs is, at this stage of standardisation, only fully accepted by calculation; #however, concrete properties adopted as input for calculation of shear resistance depend on the proper functioning of the production machine; therefore a full scale test method to confirm both the shear resistance obtained by calculation and the proper functioning of the production machine, is given in Annex J (normative).$ Special rules for structures with hollow core elements are presented in annexes about load distribution (Annex C), diaphragm action (Annex D), negative moments (Annex E), shear capacity of composite members (Annex F) and design of connections (Annex H). Because of some specialities of the product, e.g. the absence of transverse reinforcement, some complementary design rules to EN 1992-1-1 are necessary. Furthermore, research on hollow core slabs has resulted in special, widely used, design rules which are not incorporated in the design rules of EN 1992-1-1. According to subclause 1.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 the complementary rules, given in informative annexes in this standard, comply with the relevant principles given in EN 1992-1-1. Because of the fact that the experimental evidence is mainly based on elements with limited depth and width, this standard is applicable to elements with these limited dimensions. This limitation is not intended to prohibit the application of elements with larger sizes, but the experience is not yet wide enough to draw up standardised design rules. SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria and specifies minimum values where appropriate for precast hollow core slabs made of prestressed or reinforced normal weight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004. This European Standard covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods, and special aspects of transport and erection. Hollow core elements are used in floors, roofs, walls and similar applications. In this European Standard the material properties and other requirements for floors and roofs are dealt with; for special use in walls and other applications, see the relevant product standards for possible additional requirements. The elements have lateral edges provided with a longitudinal profile in order to make a shear key for transfer of vertical shear through joints between contiguous elements. For diaphragm action the joints have to function as horizontal shear joints. The elements are manufactured in factories by extrusion, slipforming or mouldcasting. The application of the standard is limited for prestressed elements to a maximum depth of !500" mm and a maximum width of 1 200 mm. For reinforced elements the maximum depth is limited to 300 mm and the maximum width without transverse reinforcement to 1 200 mm and with transverse reinforcement to 2 400 mm. The elements may be used in composite action with an in situ structural topping cast on site. The applications considered are floors and roofs of buildings, including areas for vehicles in the category F and G of #EN 1991-1-1$ which are not subjected to fatigue loading. For building in seismic zones additional provisions are given in EN 1998-1. This European Standard does not deal with complementary matters. E.g. the slabs should not be used in roofs without additional protection against water penetration. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1:2000, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1992-1-2:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-2: General rules – Structural fire design EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete – Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete – Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens EN 12390-4:2000, Testing hardened concrete – Part 4: Compressive strength – Specification for testing machines EN 12390-6, Testing hardened concrete – Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures – Part 1: Cored specimens – Testing, examining and testing in compression EN 13369:2004, Common rules for precast concrete products !EN 13791, Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components" SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. For general terms EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 hollow core slab monolithic prestressed or reinforced element with a constant overall depth divided into an upper and a lower flange, linked by vertical webs, so constituting cores as longitudinal voids the cross section of which is constant and presents one vertical symmetrical axis (see Figure 1)
Key 1 Core 2 Web Figure 1 — Example of hollow core slab 3.1.2 core longitudinal void produced by specific industrial manufacturing techniques, located with a regular pattern and the shape of which is such that the vertical loading applied on the slab is transmitted to the webs 3.1.3 web vertical concrete part between two adjacent cores (intermediate webs) or on the lateral edges of the slab (outermost webs) 3.1.4 lateral joint lateral profile on the longitudinal edges of a hollow core slab shaped so to allow grouting between
two adjacent slabs 3.1.5 topping cast in situ concrete on the hollow core slab floor intended to increase its bearing capacity and so constituting a composite hollow core slab floor 3.1.6 screed cast in situ concrete or mortar layer used to level the upper face of the finished floor SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 9 3.1.7 hollow core slab floor floor made of hollow core slabs after the grouting of the joints 3.1.8 composite hollow core slab floor hollow core slab floor complemented by a cast-in-situ topping 4 Requirements 4.1 Material requirements Complementary to 4.1 of EN 13369:2004 the following subclauses shall apply. In particular the ultimate tensile and tensile yield strength of steel shall be considered. 4.1.1 Prestressing steel 4.1.1.1 Maximum diameter of prestressing steel The diameter of prestressing steel is limited to a maximum of 11 mm for wires and 16 mm for strands. The use of prestressing bars is not allowed. 4.2 Production requirements #4.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. Proper placing and compacting of concrete by the production machine shall be verified by initial type testing according to 6.2.2. Complementary to 4.2.3 of EN 13369:2004 4.2.1 shall apply for structural reinforcement.$ 4.2.1 Structural reinforcement 4.2.1.1 Processing of reinforcing steel 4.2.1.1.1 Longitudinal bars For the distribution of the longitudinal bars the following requirements shall be fulfilled: a) the bars shall be distributed uniformly across the width of the elements; b) the maximum centre to centre distance between two bars shall not exceed 300 mm; c) in the outermost webs there shall be at least one bar; d) the clear spacing between bars shall be at least: horizontally : ≥ (dg + 5 mm), ≥ 20 mm and ≥ Ø; vertically : ≥ dg, ≥ 10 mm and ≥ Ø. 4.2.1.1.2 Transversal bars Transverse reinforcement is not required in slabs up to 1 200 mm wide. Slabs having a width greater than 1 200 mm must have transverse reinforcement designed to suit the loading requirements. The minimum transverse reinforcement shall be 5 mm diameter bars at 500 mm centres. SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 10 4.2.1.2 Tensioning and prestressing 4.2.1.2.1 Common requirements for the distribution of prestressing tendons The following requirements shall be fulfilled: a) the tendons shall be distributed uniformly across the width of the elements; b) in every width of 1,20 m at least four tendons shall be applied; c) in every element of a width greater than 0,60 m and less than 1,20 m, at least three tendons shall be applied; d) in every element with a width of 0,60 m or less at least two tendons shall be applied; e) the minimum clear spacing between tendons shall be: horizontally : ≥ (dg + 5 mm), ≥ 20 mm and ≥ Ø; vertically : ≥ dg, ≥ 10 mm and ≥ Ø. 4.2.1.2.2 Transfer of prestress Clause 8.10.2.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply: NOTE “Good” bond conditions are obtained for extruded and slip-formed elements. For the description of “good” and “poor” bond conditions, see Figure 8.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004. 4.3 Finished product requirements 4.3.1 Geometrical properties 4.3.1.1 Production tolerances 4.3.1.1.1 Dimensional tolerances related to structural safety The maximum deviations, measured in accordance with 5.2, on the specified nominal dimensions shall satisfy the following requirements: a) slab depth: h ≤ 150 mm: − 5 mm, + 10 mm; h ≥ 250: ± 15 mm; 150 mm < h < 250 mm : linear interpolation may be applied; b) nominal minimum web thickness: individual web (bw): − 10 mm; total per slab (Σbw): − 20 mm; c) nominal minimum flange thickness (above and underneath cores): individual flange: − 10 mm, + 15 mm; SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 11 d) vertical position of reinforcement at tensile side: individual bar, strand or wire: h ≤ 200 mm ± 10 mm; h ≥ 250 : ± 15 mm;
200 mm < h < 250 mm: linear interpolation may be applied; mean value per slab: ± 7 mm; the requirement in this paragraph shall not conflict with subclause 4.3.1.2.3 of this standard. !!!!4.3.1.1.2"""" Tolerances for construction purposes The maximum deviations, unless declared otherwise by the manufacturer, shall satisfy the following: a) slab length: ± 25 mm; b) slab width: ± 5 mm; c) slab width for longitudinally sawn slabs : ± 25 mm. !!!!4.3.1.1.3"""" Tolerances for concrete cover !The maximum deviation for concrete cover shall be ∆c = -10 mm. A more stringent tolerance may be declared by the manufacturer." 4.3.1.2 Minimum dimensions Complementary to 4.3.1.2 of EN 13369:2004 next subclauses shall apply. 4.3.1.2.1 Thickness of webs and flanges The nominal thickness specified on the drawings shall be at least the minimum thickness increased by the maximum deviation (minus tolerance) declared by the manufacturer. The minimum thickness shall be: for any web, not less than the largest of h/10, 20 mm and (dg + 5 mm), where dg and h are in millimetres; for any flange, not less than the largest value of h2, 17 mm and (dg + 5 mm), where dg and h are in millimetres; however for the upper flange, not less than 0,25 bc, where bc is the width of that part of the flange in which the greatest thickness is not greater than 1,2 times the smallest thickness (see Figure 2). Thickness of webs and flanges shall be measured in accordance with 5.2.1.1. SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 12 #
$ Figure 2 — Minimum thickness of upper flange 4.3.1.2.2 Minimum concrete cover and axis distances of prestressing steel For indented wires or smooth and indented strands, the minimum concrete cover cmin to the nearest concrete surface and to the nearest edge of a core shall be at least: only with respect to the exposed face, the one determined in accordance with 4.4.1.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply; for preventing longitudinal cracking due to bursting and splitting and in the absence of specific calculations and/or tests: !a) when the nominal centre to centre distance of the strands is ≥ 3 Ø: cmin = 1,5 Ø; b) when the nominal centre to centre distance of the strands is < 2,5 Ø: cmin = 2,5 Ø; where Ø is the strand or wire diameter, in millimetres (in the case of different diameters, the average value shall be used for Ø). For intermediate centre to centre distance, cmin may be derived by linear interpolation between the values defined in a) and b). For ribbed wires, the concrete cover shall be increased by 1 Ø." 4.3.1.2.3 Minimum concrete cover of reinforcing steel Clause 4.4.1.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply. 4.3.1.2.4 Longitudinal joint shape The longitudinal joint width shall be: at least 30 mm at the top of the joint; greater than the larger value of 5 mm or dg at the lower part of the joint, where dg is the maximum aggregate size in the joint grout. SIST EN 1168:2005+A2:2009
EN 1168:2005+A2:2009 (E) 13 If tie bars, with a diameter of Ø, are to be placed and anchored in the longitudinal joint, the width of the joint at the tie bar level shall be at least equal to the larger of (Ø + 20 mm) or (Ø + 2 dg), where dg and Ø are in millimetres. When the longitudinal joint has to resist vertical shear, the joint face shall be provided with at least one groove. The size of the groove shall be appropriate with regard to the resistance of the grout against vertical shear. The height of the groove shall be at least 35 mm, and its depth at least 8 mm. The distance between the top of the groove and the top of the element shall be at least 30 mm. The distance between the bottom of the groove and the bottom of the element shall be at least 30 mm. Typical shapes of longitudinal joints are given in Annex B. 4.3.2 Surface characteristics Requirements given in 6.2.5 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply for hollow core slabs intended to be used with an in situ topping. 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance 4.3.3.1 General Complementary to 4.3.3 of EN 13369:2004 the following subparagraphs shall apply. Where relevant, consideration should be given in the design to the effects of dynamic actions (e.g. impulse) during transient situations. In the absence of a more rigorous analysis this may be allowed for by multiplying the relevant static effects by an appropriate factor. For the effects of seismic actions, appropriate design methods should be used. Special rules for structures with hollow core elements are presented in annexes about load distribution (Annex C), diaphragm action (Annex D), negative moments (Annex E), shear capacity of composite members (Annex F) and design of connections (Annex H). #The test
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