SIST EN 14399-1:2015
(Main)High strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
High strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
This European standard specifies the general requirements for bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies smaller than M12 are not designed to be preloaded.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies are not designed to be welded.
High-strength structural bolting assemblies used as railway rail fasteners are not covered by this standard.
The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European standard is structural metallic works.
NOTE 1 High-strength structural bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 14399-2 to EN 14399-10 are designed to fulfil the requirements of this standard.
NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies are suitable for preloading in accordance with EN 1090-2 in steel structures.
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die Garnituren aus Schraube/Mutter und Scheibe(n) für hochfeste Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau fest, die zum Vorspannen geeignet sind.
Hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau kleiner als M12 sind nicht für das Vorspannen ausgelegt.
Hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau sind nicht dafür vorgesehen, geschweißt zu werden.
Hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau, die als Befestigungen (Verbindungselemente) von Eisenbahnschienen verwendet werden, sind in dieser Norm nicht erfasst.
Der vorgesehene Verwendungszweck der Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen entsprechend dieser Europäischen Norm ist der Metallbau.
ANMERKUNG 1 Hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau entsprechend EN 14399 2 bis EN 14399 10 sind so gestaltet, dass sie die Anforderungen dieser Norm erfüllen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Hochfeste Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau sind entsprechend EN 1090-2 für das Vorspannen in Stahltragwerken geeignet.
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences générales
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences générales relatives aux boulons (vis + écrou + rondelle(s)) de construction métallique à haute résistance, aptes à la précontrainte.
Les boulons de construction métallique à haute résistance de diamètre inférieur à M12 ne sont pas pas conçus pour être précontraints.
Les boulons de construction métallique à haute résistance ne sont pas pas conçus pour être soudés.
La boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance utilisée pour la fixation des voies ferrées n'est pas couverte par la présente norme.
Conformément à la présente Norme européenne, ces boulons sont destinés à être utilisés dans les ouvrages de structures métalliques.
NOTE 1 La boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance conforme aux normes EN 14399-2 à EN 14399-10 est conçue pour satisfaire aux exigences de la présente norme.
NOTE 2 La boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance est apte à la précontrainte conformément à l'EN 1090-2 pour les structures en acier.
Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze za prednapetje - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Ta evropski standard določa splošne zahteve za zveze vijakov/matic/podložk za visokotrdnostno strukturno vijačenje, ki so primerne za prednapetje.
Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze, manjše od M12, niso zasnovane za prednapetje.
Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze niso zasnovane za varjenje.
Ta standard ne zajema visokotrdnostnih strukturnih vijačnih zvez, ki se uporabljajo za pritrjevanje železniških tirov. V skladu s tem evropskim standardom so vijačne zveze predvidene za uporabo pri strukturnih kovinskih delih.
OPOMBA 1: Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze v skladu s standardi od EN 14399-2 do EN 14399-10 so zasnovane tako, da izpolnjujejo zahteve tega standarda.
OPOMBA 2: Visokotrdnostne strukturne vijačne zveze so v skladu s standardom EN 1090-2 primerne za prednapetje pri jeklenih strukturah
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenBoulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences généralesHigh strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements21.060.01Vezni elementi na splošnoFasteners in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14399-1:2015SIST EN 14399-1:2015en,fr,de01-maj-2015SIST EN 14399-1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14399-1:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14399-1
February 2015 ICS 21.060.01 Supersedes EN 14399-1:2005English Version
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences générales
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 August 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14399-1:2015 ESIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents
Page Foreword .3 Introduction .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Product characteristics .8 4.1 General .8 4.2 Type (bolting assemblies) .8 4.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) .9 4.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) . 10 4.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) . 11 5 Testing and assessment methods . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Type (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) . 13 5.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) . 15 6 Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 15 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Type testing . 16 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 17 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation . 23 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 23 ZA.2 Procedure for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) of high-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading . 24 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 28 Bibliography . 30
SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14399-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 185 “Fasteners”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14399-1:2005. In comparison with EN 14399-1:2005, the following modifications have been made: — the standard was revised to meet the new format for harmonized standards and in relation to the Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 (CPR); — the requirements of this standard only relate to the product characteristics of bolting assemblies which are necessary for CE marking; — all clauses dealing with further technical or other requirements have been transferred to EN 14399-2; — the table containing the overview of the composition of bolting assemblies and component marking has been transferred to EN 14399-2. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports basic work requirements of Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011. For relationship with Regulation (EU) No. 305/201, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 14399 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading: — Part 1: General requirements (the present document); — Part 2: Suitability for preloading; — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 5: Plain washers; — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers; — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 4 According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document on structural bolting assemblies reflects the situation in Europe where two technical solutions exist to achieve the necessary ductility of bolting assemblies. These solutions utilize different bolting assemblies (system HR, HV and HRC). Both systems are well proven and it is the responsibility of the experts for structural connections whether they use the one or the other system. It is however important for the performance of the bolting assembly to avoid mixing up the components of both systems. Therefore, the bolts and nuts for both systems are standardized in one single part of this European Standard each and the marking of the components of the same system is consistent. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the general requirements for bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading. The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European Standard is structural metallic works. NOTE 1 High-strength structural bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 14399-2 to EN 14399-10 are designed to fulfil the requirements of this European Standard. NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies are suitable for preloading in accordance with EN 1090-2 in steel structures. High-strength structural bolting assemblies smaller than M12 are not designed to be preloaded. High-strength structural bolting assemblies are not designed to be welded. Railway rail fasteners are not covered by this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1090-2:2008+A1:2011, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures EN 14399-2:2015, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading EN 14399-3:2015, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 3: System HR - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-4:2015, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 4: System HV - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-5, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 5: Plain washers EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 6: Plain chamfered washers EN 14399-7:2007, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 7: System HR - Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-8:2007, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 8: System HV - Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-9:2009, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 9: System HR or HV - Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-10:2009, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 10: System HRC - Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload EN ISO 225, Fasteners - Bolts, screws, studs and nuts - Symbols and descriptions of dimensions (ISO 225) SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 7 EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013) EN ISO 898-2:2012, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2:2012) EN ISO 4759-1, Tolerances for fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts - Product grades A, B and C (ISO 4759-1) EN ISO 4759-3, Tolerances for fasteners - Part 3: Plain washers for bolts, screws and nuts - Products grades A and C (ISO 4759-3) EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1) EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1) EN ISO 10684, Fasteners - Hot dip galvanized coatings (ISO 10684) ISO 888, Fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs - Nominal lengths and thread lengths ISO 965-2, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 2: Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw threads - Medium quality ISO 965-5, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances - Part 5: Limits of sizes for internal screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance position h before galvanizing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1090-2:2008+A1:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 bolting assembly matching bolt, nut, washer(s) and if relevant, direct tension indicator and nut face washer or bolt face washer 3.2 single bolting assembly lot bolting assembly lot containing: — bolts from a single manufacturing lot; — nuts from a single manufacturing lot; — washers from a single manufacturing lot; and, if relevant: — direct tension indicators from a single manufacturing lot; — nut face washers from a single manufacturing lot; — bolt face washers from a single manufacturing lot SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 8 3.3 extended bolting assembly lot bolting assembly lot containing: — the component with the main influence on the result of the suitability test from a single manufacturing lot; — the complementary components from several manufacturing lots Note 1 to entry: The component having the main influence (either nut or direct tension indicator) is determined on the basis of test results. Note 2 to entry: An extended bolting assembly lot contains bolts, nuts and washers and, if relevant, direct tension indicators and nut face washers or bolt face washers. 3.4 manufacturing lot (for bolting assemblies components) quantity of components of a single designation including product grade, property class, type, and size, manufactured from bar, wire, rod or flat product from a single cast, processed through the same or similar steps at the same time or over a continuous time period, through the same heat treatment, coating and/or lubrication process, if any Note 1 to entry: Same process means: — for a continuous process, the same treatment cycle without any setting modification; — for a discontinuous process, the same treatment cycle for identical consecutive loads (batches). Note 2 to entry: The manufacturing lot may be split into a number of manufacturing batches for processing purposes and then re-assembled into the same manufacturing lot. 4 Product characteristics 4.1 General The performance of the high-strength structural bolting assemblies depends on the type of the bolting assemblies and on properties of their specific components (bolts, nuts, washers, and direct tension indicators if provided). Therefore, the requirements specified in 4.2 to 4.5 are assessed through the verification of the properties of the involved components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. 4.2 Type (bolting assemblies) 4.2.1 General Type covers the axial load expected from design and margin against overtightening. The Type is relevant for the ability of the bolting assembly to be tightened by different tightening methods given in EN 1090-2 in order to provide the declared performances of the bolting assemblies. There are two types of bolting assemblies: — Type HR (systems HR with or without direct tension indicators, if provided, and HRC) designed to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt (minimum nut height ≥ 0,9 D and thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888); — Type HV (system HV with or without direct tension indicators, if provided) designed to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic deformation of the engaged threads (nut height at approximately 0,8 D and bolt with short thread length). SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 9 4.2.2 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.1. The results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8, EN 14399-9 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant type. 4.2.3 Axial load (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.2. The results for the axial load during tightening (Fbi max) shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant Type. 4.2.4 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.3. The results for compression load of bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.2.5 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4. The results for calibrated preload (Fri) shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-10. 4.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) 4.3.1 General Property class expresses in a concise way a set of mechanical characteristics of the components. It is relevant for the ability of components to be matched together in order to obtain the declared performances of the bolting assemblies. 4.3.2 Elongation (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.2. The results for elongation shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.3 Tensile strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.3. The results for tensile strength shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.4 Strength under wedge loading (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.4. The results for strength under wedge loading shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 10 4.3.5 Tensile yield strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.5. The results for the tensile yield strength shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.6 Proof load (nuts and bolts) Bolts and nuts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.6. The results for proof load shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.7 Impact strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.7. The results for impact strength shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.8 Hardness (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) Bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators if provided, shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.8. For bolts and nuts, the results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. For plain washers and plain chamfered washers, the results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-5 or EN 14399-6. For nut face washers, bolt face washers and direct tension indicators the results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.3.9 Compression load (direct tension indicators) Direct tension indicators shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.9. The results for the compression load of direct tension indicators shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9 for the relevant property designation. 4.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) 4.4.1 General Product grade covers tolerances on dimensions and shape for bolts, nuts and washers. Product grade covers three critical features for direct tension indicators. It is relevant for the ability of components to be matched together in order to provide the declared performances of the bolting assemblies. 4.4.2 Bolts and nuts Bolts and nuts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.2. The thread tolerance classes shall be: — 6g in accordance with ISO 965-2 for bolts without coating; — 6g in accordance with ISO 965-2 for bolts before coating; SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 11 — 6H in accordance with ISO 965-2 for nuts without coating; — 6AZ in accordance with ISO 965-5 for nuts with hot dip galvanized coating in accordance with EN ISO 10684; — 6H (in accordance with ISO 965-2) to 6AZ (in accordance with ISO 965-5) for nuts with other coatings (the thread tolerance class shall be related to the applicable coating specifications). The tolerances on dimensions and shape shall meet the requirements specified in EN ISO 4759-1 in accordance with the relevant product grade. 4.4.3 Washers Washers shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.3. The tolerances on dimensions and shape shall meet the requirements specified in EN ISO 4759-3, in accordance with the relevant product grade. 4.4.4 Direct tension indicators Direct tension indicators shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.4. The three critical features and tolerances shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) k-class expresses in a concise way the ability of the bolting assemblies to be tightened by the torque control method or combined method by means of the k-factor. The k-factor is determined according to 5.5 and the results shall comply: — for type HR with EN 14399-3:2015, 7.5, for hexagon bolt and nut assemblies or EN 14399-7:2007, 8.5, for countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — for type HV with EN 14399-4:2015, 7.5, for hexagon bolt and nut assemblies or EN 14399-8:2007, 8.5, for hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — for type HRC with EN 14399-10:2009, 8.4, for bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. The k-class shall be expressed as per Table 1. Table 1 — k-class and k-factor k-class k-factor K0 — K1 0,10 ≤ ki ≤ 0,16 K2 0,10 ≤ km ≤ 0,23
Vk ≤ 0,06 5 Testing and assessment methods 5.1 General The geometry of test specimens, test apparatus, testing procedure and evaluation of test results are specified in supporting standards for each component of the bolting assembly and for their combinations as bolting assemblies. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 12 5.2 Type (bolting assemblies) 5.2.1 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be tested according to EN 14399-2:2015, 6.5, to evaluate the margin against overtightening û2 generally and in addition 1,1 × û2min for direct tension indicators, if provided, for the relevant type. 5.2.2 Axial load (bolting assemblies) Suitability for preloading of bolting assemblies shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-2:2015, Clause 6. 5.2.3 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) Compression load testing of assemblies which include direct tension indicators shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-9:2009, 5.3. 5.2.4 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) The suitability test for calibrated preload for bolting assemblies with calibrated preload shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-10:2009, 8.3. 5.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) 5.3.1 General The applicability of each test procedure is specified in EN ISO 898-1:2013, Clause 9 and EN ISO 898-2:2012, Clause 9, depending on the size of the components. Even if a single property is not listed in the following clauses or cannot be tested due to its size, all the requirements apply and may be demonstrated by means of the internal production control for comparable manufacturing lots. 5.3.2 Elongation (bolts) Tensile testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.7. 5.3.3 Tensile strength (bolts) Tensile testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.2 or 9.7. 5.3.4 Strength under wedge loading (bolts) Tensile test under wedge loading shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.1. 5.3.5 Tensile yield strength (bolts) Tensile testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.7. 5.3.6 Proof load (nuts and bolts) Proof load testing of nuts shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-2:2012, 9.1. Proof load testing of bolts shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.6. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 13 5.3.7 Impact strength (bolts) Impact testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.14. 5.3.8 Hardness (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) Hardness testing of bolts shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-1:2013, 9.9. Hardness testing of nuts shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 898-2:2012, 9.2. Hardness testing of washers shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6507-1 or EN ISO 6508-1. Hardness testing of direct tension indicators shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6507-1. 5.3.9 Compression load (direct tension indicators) Compression load testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-9:2009, 3.4. 5.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers and, if provided, direct tension indicators) 5.4.1 General Each individual characteristic covered by product grade or specified as critical feature for direct tension indicators needs to be checked by means of appropriate measuring or gauging as relevant. 5.4.2 Bolts and nuts Assessment shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 4759-1 before any coating of the components; the thread shall also be checked after coating, if any. The tolerances of the components shall be checked by appropriate gauges or measuring equipment of the required accuracy as specified in Table 2 and Table 3. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 14 Table 2 — Bolts Dimensiona Accuracy mm Method Width across flats (s) or head diameter (dk) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Width across corners (e) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Head height (k) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Shank diameter (ds) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Length (l) ≤ 0,1 Measurement Length of unthreaded shank (ls) ≤ 0,1 Measurement Distance from the bearing face to the first full form (full profile) thread (lg) ≤ 0,1 Measurement Thread dimensions — b Gauge Underhead radius (r) — b Gauge Head angle (of countersunk bolts) (.) ≤ 0,5° Measurement Slot depth (t) ≤ 0,1 Measurement Width across flats of spline end (sb) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Width across corners of spline end (eb) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Break off length of spline end (F2) ≤ 0,1 Measurement a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN ISO 225. b
The use of GO/NO-GO gauges does not permit the specification of a value of accuracy. Table 3 — Nuts Dimensiona Accuracy mm Method Width across flats (s) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Width across corners (e) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Nut height (m) ≤ 0,05 Measurement Thread dimensions — b Gauge a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN ISO 225. b The use of GO/NO-GO gauges does not permit the specification of a value of accuracy. 5.4.3 Washers Assessment shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 4759-3 before any coatings. The tolerances of the components shall be checked by standard gauges or measuring equipment of the required accuracy as specified in Table 4. SIST EN 14399-1:2015
EN 14399-1:2015 (E) 15 Table 4 — Washers Dimensiona Accuracy mm Method Hole diameter (d1) ≤ 0,1/—b Measurement/Gauge Outer diameter (d2) ≤ 0,1 Measurement Thickness (h) ≤ 0,05 Measurement a Symbols and descriptions of dimensions as defined in EN 14399-5, EN 14399-6 or EN 14399-9. b The use of GO/NO-GO gauges does not permit the specification of a value of accuracy. 5.4.4 Direct tension indicators Assessment shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-9:2009, 3.1, before any coatings. The critical features of the components shall be checked by standard gauges or measuring equipment of the required accuracy as specified in Table 5. Table 5 — Direct Tension Indicators Dimensiona Accuracy mm Method Hole diameter (d1) ≤ 0,1/—b Measurement/Gauge Protrusion tangential diameter (d3) ≤ 0,1/—b Measurement/Gauge Height of protrusions (h3) ≤ 0,1/—b Measurement/Gauge a Symbols and descripti
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenBoulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences généralesHigh strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements21.060.01Vezni elementi na splošnoFasteners in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 14399-1kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014en,fr,de01-april-2014kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 14399-1
February 2014 ICS 21.060.01 Will supersede EN 14399-1:2005English Version
High strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Boulonnerie de construction métallique à haute résistance apte à la précontrainte - Partie 1: Exigences générales
Hochfeste vorspannbare Garnituren für Schraubverbindungen im Metallbau - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 185.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 14399-1:2014 EkSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 2 Contents
Page Foreword .4 Introduction .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Product characteristics .8 4.1 General .8 4.2 Type (bolting assemblies) .8 4.2.1 General .8 4.2.2 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) .9 4.2.3 Axial load (bolting assemblies) .9 4.2.4 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) .9 4.2.5 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) .9 4.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) .9 4.3.1 General .9 4.3.2 Elongation under tensile load (bolts) .9 4.3.3 Tensile strength (bolts) .9 4.3.4 Strength under wedge loading (bolts) .9 4.3.5 Tensile yield strength (bolts) . 10 4.3.6 Proof load (nuts, bolts) . 10 4.3.7 Impact strength (bolts) . 10 4.3.8 Hardness (bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators) . 10 4.3.9 Compression load (direct tension indicators) . 10 4.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers, and if provided direct tension indicators) . 10 4.4.1 General . 10 4.4.2 Bolts and nuts . 10 4.4.3 Washers . 11 4.4.4 Direct tension indicators . 11 4.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) . 11 5 Testing and assessment methods . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Type (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.2.1 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.2.2 Axial load (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.2.3 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) . 12 5.2.4 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) . 12 5.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) . 12 5.3.1 General . 12 5.3.2 Elongation under tensile load (bolts) . 12 5.3.3 Tensile strength (bolts) . 12 5.3.4 Strength under wedge loading (bolts) . 12 5.3.5 Tensile yield strength (bolts) . 12 5.3.6 Proof load (nuts and bolts) . 12 5.3.7 Impact strength (bolts) . 13 5.3.8 Hardness (bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators) . 13 5.3.9 Compression load (direct tension indicators) . 13 5.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators, if provided) . 13 kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 3 5.4.1 General . 13 5.4.2 Bolt and nut . 13 5.4.3 Washer . 14 5.4.4 Direct tension indicator . 15 5.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) . 15 6 Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 15 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Type testing . 16 6.2.1 General . 16 6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria . 16 6.2.3 Test reports . 17 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 17 6.3.1 General . 17 6.3.2 Requirements . 18 6.3.3 Product specific requirements . 21 6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 22 6.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 22 6.3.6 Procedure for modifications. 22 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation . 24 Bibliography . 31
kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (FprEN 14399-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 185 “Fasteners”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN 14399-1:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports basic work requirements of Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011. For relationship with Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 14399 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading: — Part 1: General requirements (the present document); — Part 2: Suitability test for preloading; — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 5: Plain washers; — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers; — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies; — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 5 Introduction This document on structural bolting assemblies reflects the situation in Europe where two technical solutions exist to achieve the necessary ductility of bolting assemblies. These solutions utilize different bolting assemblies (system HV or system HR and HRC). Both systems are well proven and it is the responsibility of the experts for structural connections whether they use the one or the other system. It is however important for the performance of the bolting assembly to avoid mixing up the components of both systems. Therefore the bolts and nuts for both systems are standardized in one single part of this European Standard each and the marking of the components of the same system is consistent. kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European standard specifies the general requirements for bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading. High-strength structural bolting assemblies smaller than M12 are not designed to be preloaded. High-strength structural bolting assemblies are not designed to be welded. High-strength structural bolting assemblies used as railway rail fasteners are not covered by this standard. The intended use of bolting assemblies in accordance with this European standard is structural metallic works. NOTE 1 High-strength structural bolting assemblies in accordance with EN 14399–2 to EN 14399–10 are designed to fulfil the requirements of this standard. NOTE 2 High-strength structural bolting assemblies are suitable for preloading in accordance with EN 1090–2 in steel structures. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1090-2:2008+A1:2011, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures prEN 14399-2:2013, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 2: Suitability for preloading prEN 14399-3:2013, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 3: System HR — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies prEN 14399-4:2013, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 4: System HV — Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-5, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 5: Plain washers EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 6: Plain chamfered washers EN 14399-7:2007, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 7: System HR — Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-8:2007, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 8: System HV — Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-9:2009, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 9: System HR or HV — Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies EN 14399-10:2009, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading — Part 10: System HRC — Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload EN ISO 225, Fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Symbols and descriptions of dimensions (ISO 225) kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 7 EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013) EN ISO 898-2:2012, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2:2012) EN ISO 4759-1, Tolerances for fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Product grades A, B and C (ISO 4759-1) EN ISO 4759-3, Tolerances for fasteners — Part 3: Plain washers for bolts, screws and nuts — Products grades A and C (ISO 4759-3) EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1) EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1) EN ISO 10684, Fasteners — Hot dip galvanized coatings (ISO 10684) ISO 888, Fasteners — Bolts, screws and studs — Nominal lengths and thread lengths ISO 965-2, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances — Part 2: Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw threads — Medium quality ISO 965-5, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances — Part 5: Limits of sizes for internal screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance position h before galvanizing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1090-2:2008+A1:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 bolting assembly matching bolt, nut, washer(s) and if relevant, direct tension indicator and nut face washer or bolt face washer 3.2 single bolting assembly lot bolting assembly lot containing: — bolts from a single manufacturing lot; — nuts from a single manufacturing lot; — washers from a single manufacturing lot; and, if relevant: — direct tension indicators from a single manufacturing lot; — nut face washers from a single manufacturing lot; — bolt face washers from a single manufacturing lot kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 8 3.3 extended bolting assembly lot bolting assembly lot containing: — the component with the main influence on the result of the suitability test from a single manufacturing lot; — the complementary components from several manufacturing lots Note 1 to entry: The component having the main influence (either nut or direct tension indicator) is determined on the basis of test results. Note 2 to entry: An extended bolting assembly lot contains bolts, nuts and washers and, if relevant, direct tension indicators and nut face washers or bolt face washers. 3.4 manufacturing lot (for bolting assemblies components) quantity of components of a single designation including product grade, property class, type, and size, manufactured from bar, wire, rod or flat product from a single cast, processed through the same or similar steps at the same time or over a continuous time period, through the same heat treatment, coating and/or lubrication process, if any Note 1 to entry: Same process means: — for a continuous process, the same treatment cycle without any setting modification; — for a discontinuous process, the same treatment cycle for identical consecutive loads (batches). Note 2 to entry: The manufacturing lot may be split into a number of manufacturing batches for processing purposes and then re-assembled into the same manufacturing lot. 4 Product characteristics 4.1 General The performance of the high-strength structural bolting assemblies depends on the type of the bolting assemblies and on properties of their specific components (bolts, nuts, washers, and direct tension indicators if provided). Therefore, the requirements specified in 4.2 to 4.5 are assessed through the verification of the properties of the involved components and/or bolting assemblies, as applicable. 4.2 Type (bolting assemblies) 4.2.1 General Type covers the axial load assumed in design and margin against overtightening. The Type is relevant for the ability of the bolting assembly to be tightened by different tightening methods given in EN 1090-2 in order to provide the declared performances of the bolting assemblies with or without direct tension indicators, if provided. There are two types of bolting assemblies: — Type HR (systems HR with or without direct tension indicators, if provided, and HRC) designed to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt (minimum nut height ≥ 0,9 D and thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888); kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 9 — Type HV (system HV with or without direct tension indicators, if provided) designed to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic deformation of the engaged threads (nut height at approximately 0,8 D and bolt with short thread length). 4.2.2 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.1. The results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8, EN 14399-9 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant type. 4.2.3 Axial load (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.2. The results for the axial load during overtightening (Fbi max) shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant type. 4.2.4 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.3. The results for compression load of bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.2.5 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) Bolting assemblies shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4. The results for calibrated preload (Fri) shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-10. 4.3 Property class (bolting assemblies) 4.3.1 General Property class expresses in a concise way a set of mechanical characteristics of the components. It is relevant for the ability of components to be matched together in order to obtain the declared performances of the bolting assemblies. 4.3.2 Elongation under tensile load (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.2. The results for elongation shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.3 Tensile strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.3 for tensile strength. The results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.4 Strength under wedge loading (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.4 for strength under wedge loading. The results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 10 4.3.5 Tensile yield strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.5. The results for the tensile yield strength shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.6 Proof load (nuts, bolts) Bolts and nuts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.6. The results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.7 Impact strength (bolts) Bolts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.7. The results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. 4.3.8 Hardness (bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators) Bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators if provided, shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.8. For bolts and nuts, the results shall meet the requirements specified in prEN 14399-3, prEN 14399-4, EN 14399-7, EN 14399-8 or EN 14399-10 for the relevant property class. For plain washers and plain chamfered washers, the results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-5 or EN 14399-6. For nut face washers, bolt face washers and direct tension indicators the results shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.3.9 Compression load (direct tension indicators) Direct tension indicators shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.9. The results for the compression load of direct tension indicators shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9 for the relevant property designation. 4.4 Product grade (bolts, nuts, washers, and if provided direct tension indicators) 4.4.1 General Product grade covers tolerances on dimensions and shape for bolts, nuts and washers. Product grade covers three critical features for direct tension indicators. It is relevant for the ability of components to be matched together in order to provide the declared performances of the bolting assemblies. 4.4.2 Bolts and nuts Bolts and nuts shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.2. The thread tolerance classes shall be: — 6g in accordance with ISO 965-2 for bolts without coating; — 6g in accordance with ISO 965-2 for bolts before coating; — 6H in accordance with ISO 965-2 for nuts without coating; kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 11 — 6AZ in accordance with ISO 965-5 for nuts with hot dip galvanized coating in accordance with EN ISO 10684; — 6H (in accordance with ISO 965-2) to 6AZ (in accordance with ISO 965-5) for nuts with other coatings (the thread tolerance class shall be related to the applicable coating specifications). The tolerances on dimensions and shape shall meet the requirements specified in EN ISO 4759-1 in accordance with the relevant product grade. 4.4.3 Washers Washers shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.3. The tolerances on dimensions and shape shall meet the requirements specified in EN ISO 4759-3, in accordance with the relevant product grade. 4.4.4 Direct tension indicators Direct tension indicators shall be assessed in accordance with 5.4.4. The three critical features and tolerances shall meet the requirements specified in EN 14399-9. 4.5 k-class and k-factor (bolting assemblies) k-class expresses in a concise way the ability of the bolting assemblies to be tightened by the torque control method or combined method by means of the k-factor. The k-factor is determined according to 5.5 and the results shall comply with: — for type HR with prEN 14399-3:2013, 7.5, for hexagon bolt and nut assemblies or EN 14399-7:2007, 8.5, for countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies; — for type HV with prEN 14399-4:2013, 7.5, for hexagon bolt and nut assemblies or EN 14399-8:2007, 8.5, for hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies; — for type HRC with EN 14399-10:2009, 8.4, for bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload. The k-class shall be expressed as per Table 1. Table 1 — k-class and k-factor k-class k-factor K0 — K1 0,10 ≤ ki ≤ 0,16 K2 0,10 ≤ km ≤ 0,23 Vk ≤ 0,06 5 Testing and assessment methods 5.1 General The geometry of test specimens, test apparatus, testing procedure and evaluation of test results are specified in supporting standards for each component of the bolting assembly and for their combinations as bolting assemblies. kSIST FprEN 14399-1:2014
FprEN 14399-1:2014 (E) 12 5.2 Type (bolting assemblies) 5.2.1 Angle to failure during tightening (bolting assemblies) Bolting assemblies shall be tested according to prEN 14399-2:2013, 6.5, to evaluate the margin against overtightening û,2 generally and in addition 1,1 × û,2min for direct tension indicators, if provided, for the relevant type. 5.2.2 Axial load (bolting assemblies) Suitability for preloading of bolting assemblies shall be carried out in accordance with prEN 14399-2:2013, Clause 6. 5.2.3 Compression load (bolting assemblies with direct tension indicators) Compression load testing of assemblies which include direct tension indicators shall be carried out in accordance with EN 14399-9:2009, 5.3. 5.2.4 Calibrated preload (bolting assemblies with calibrated preload) The suitability test for calibrated preload for bolting assemblies w
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