SIST EN 13696:2009
Wood Flooring (including parquet) - Test method to determine elasticity and resistance to wear
Wood Flooring (including parquet) - Test method to determine elasticity and resistance to wear
This European Standard specifies a test method to determine the resistance to wear of lacquered wood floorings, a method to test the elasticity of the lacquer and a method to determine resistance to impact of lacquered wood floorings.
Holzfußböden (einschließlich Parkett) - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Elastizität und der Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren für die Bestimmung der Verschleißbeständigkeit von lackierten
Holzfußböden, ein Verfahren für die Prüfung der Verformbarkeit des Lackes und ein Verfahren zur
Bestimmung der Beständigkeit von lackierten Holzfußböden gegen Stoßbeanspruchung fest.
Planchers en bois (parquets compris) - Méthode d'essai pour déterminer l'élasticité et la résistance a l'abrasion
La présente norme européenne définit une méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer la résistance à
l’abrasion des planchers en bois vernis, une méthode pour tester l’élasticité du vernis ainsi qu’une méthode
pour déterminer la résistance au choc des planchers en bois vernis.
Lesene talne obloge (vključno s parketom) - Preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje prožnosti in odpornosti proti obrabi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.JRWDYOMDQMHHolzfußböden (einschließlich Parkett) - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Elastizität und der Beständigkeit gegen VerschleißPlanchers en bois (parquets compris) - Méthode d'essai pour déterminer l'élasticité et la résistance a l'abrasionWood Flooring (including parquet) - Test method to determine elasticity and resistance to wear97.150Netekstilne talne oblogeNon-textile floor coverings79.080Polizdelki iz lesaSemi-manufactures of timberICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13696:2008SIST EN 13696:2009en,fr,de01-maj-2009SIST EN 13696:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 13696:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13696:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13696December 2008ICS 79.080; 97.150Supersedes ENV 13696:2000
English VersionWood flooring - Test methods to determine elasticity andresistance to wear and impact resistancePlanchers en bois - Méthodes d'essai pour déterminerl'élasticité et la résistance à l'abrasion et la résistance auchocHolzfußböden - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung derVerformbarkeit und der Beständigkeit gegen Verschleißund gegen StoßbeanspruchungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13696:2008: ESIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Common methods .4 4.1 Conditioning .4 4.2 Measurement of the thickness of the lacquer .5 5 Wear .6 5.1 Principle .6 5.2 Test pieces .6 5.3 Abrading system .6 5.4 Test report . 13 6 Elasticity of the lacquer . 13 6.1 Principle . 13 6.2 Equipment . 14 6.3 Test piece . 16 6.4 Procedure . 17 6.5 Expression of the results for a test piece . 17 6.6 Expression of the result for a batch . 17 6.7 Test report . 18 7 Impact resistance. 18 7.1 Principle . 18 7.2 Apparatus . 18 7.3 Test specimens . 22 7.4 Conditioning . 22 7.5 Procedure . 22 7.6 Expression of results . 23 7.7 Test report . 23 Bibliography . 24
SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13696:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard supersedes ENV 13696:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 4
1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method to determine the resistance to wear of lacquered wood floorings, a method to test the elasticity of the lacquer and a method to determine resistance to impact of lacquered wood floorings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13756:2002, Wood flooring – Terminology
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868:2003) EN ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 291:2008) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13756:2002 and the following apply. 3.1 lacquer film making agent modifying surface layer properties NOTE It has a measurable thickness. 4 Common methods 4.1 Conditioning 4.1.1 Equipment Enclosures with the following climatic conditions:
climate A
temperature of (20 ± 2) C and relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %; or
climate B
temperature of (23 ± 2) C and relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %. 4.1.2 Procedure The manufacturer shall specify either of the conditioning climates above. Unless otherwise specified, all equipment and materials required for the test shall be stabilised and kept in an enclosure in the climate specified. SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 5 4.2 Measurement of the thickness of the lacquer 4.2.1 Equipment 4.2.1.1 Optical instrument An instrument with a resolution of at least (± 2) m. NOTE For instance, a binocular microscope with a magnification of 100 to 200 and a built-in measuring scale in the field of view. 4.2.1.2 Contrast marking A water-based felt tip pen. 4.2.2 Sampling Choose the location from which the test pieces are taken, depending on the purpose of the measurement (either in an unworn area or in a worn area). Test pieces with a size at least 10 mm x 10 mm and by the full thickness shall be cut out of one of the wear test pieces or area to be tested in elasticity. The number of test pieces is specified in 5.3.3.4.1 and 6.4.1. 4.2.3 Procedure If needed, contrast mark the lacquered face with the felt-tip pen specified in 4.2.1.2. Clear-cut with a razor blade the edge of the lacquered face to be inspected. Mount the test piece with the clear-cut edge facing the microscope. For each test piece, make at least two measurements to the accuracy allowed by the resolution of the optical instrument. Measurements of lacquer above open holes in the wood shall not be taken into account. 4.2.4 Expression of the results When required, average the measurements made on each test piece. If there is more than one test piece, calculate to one significant figure the mean value and the coefficient of variation (expressed as a percentage) of the results. SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 6 5 Wear 5.1 Principle The resistance to wear is evaluated by abrading the face of representative test pieces or specimens with a specified abrasive applied by means of two loaded wheels. The number of rotations, necessary to reach a defined wear, is used to evaluate the resistance to wear. 5.2 Test pieces 5.2.1 Dimensions The test shall be carried out on a test piece. The test piece shall have the shape of:
either a square with a side of 120 mm, its corners being trimmed so as to have a diagonal length reduced to about 130 mm,
or, a disc with a diameter of about 130 mm. Samples, from which it is intended to obtain a test piece, may be smaller than the above dimensions. In that case, a test piece shall be produced by jointing two or more elements according to the manufacturer's specifications. Bore a hole (6 ± 0,5) mm diameter and axis normal to the surface at the centre of the test piece. 5.2.2 Sampling Three test pieces shall be cut. The clearance between two test pieces shall be at least 100 mm. For elements which have to be jointed, the three test species shall be made out of elements picked out at random. NOTE This sampling gives an estimation of the property of the lot. 5.2.3 Conditioning The test pieces shall be conditioned to constant mass in one of the climates defined in 4.1. Prior to testing, the lacquer shall be fully cured according to the manufacturer's instructions. 5.3 Abrading system 5.3.1 Principle The system described in this Standard is a grit feeder system: a specified loose abrasive is fed continuously on to the face of the test piece, in the track of the loaded wheels. NOTE Other methods described in other standards could be possible. In this case, the results are expressed without making reference to this Standard.
SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 7 5.3.2 Test equipment and materials 5.3.2.1 Abrading equipment and materials 5.3.2.1.1 Abrader
Supporting disc Supporting disc shall have a minimum diameter of 105 mm, rotating in the horizontal plane with a permitted deviation of ± 2 mm/m, at (60 ± 2) r.p.m, the test piece being tightly held flat by means of a suitable clamping device. Abrading wheels Two cylindrical wheels free to turn on their axis, balanced by lever and counterweight, with nominal diameter and width of respectively 44,4 mm and 12,7 mm. They are fitted with a leather strip having a width of (12,7 ± 0,1) mm and a minimum thickness of 1,5 mm. The overall diameter of the wheels, when fitted with leather strips, shall not be less than 47,4 mm.
The distance between the internal faces of the wheels shall be (53 ± 2) mm, their common axis being set by 20 mm nominally of the axis of the test piece revolving support. The axis of rotation of the test piece shall be equidistant from the two wheels. A device shall apply the abrading wheels on the test piece with a force of (10 ± 0,1) N by each wheel. The device shall be able to maintain the 20 mm eccentricity for all possible thicknesses of test pieces. Revolution counter A revolution counter is needed to record the number of revolutions of the supporting disc.
SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 8 Dimensions in mm
Key 1 Abrasive tank 9
Counterweight 2 Suction nozzle 10 Wearing surface 3 Clamping ring 11 Direction of rotation 4 Test piece 12 Screwed pin 5 Supporting disc 13 Nut 6 Testing weight 14 Plate 7 Abrading wheel 8 Lever Figure 1 — Example of an abrader with grit feeder SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 9 Grit feeder Grit feeder shall have a capacity of about 200 g of grit. It shall be openable at the top and at the bottom. The bottom opening shall be (10 ± 1) mm above the face of the test piece and have a length of (16 ± 1) mm. The length of the bottom opening shall be installed radially to the supporting disc. To make sure of a regular flow, a device shall be provided in the grit feeder to ensure a regular flow. A further device ensuring an immediate stop of the feeding is also required. Vacuum cleaning device A single nozzle (3 ± 2) mm above the track to be worn, shall be installed in the axial vertical plane between the two wheels before the grit feeder (relative to the rotation direction) and shall provide a differential pressure of (2 ± 0,5) kPa. NOTE Equipment of this type, Taber Abrader and Taber Grit Feeder, is made by TELEDYNE TABER. This information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be show to lead to the same results. 5.3.2.1.2 Additional material or equipment Weighing equipment For calibrating, the force applied by the abrading wheels on the test piece; and for calibrating the grit flow, a weighing equipment with an accuracy of ± 1 g is needed. It shall be accurate to ± 1 g. Leather strip The leather strip is to be fitted on the perimeter of the abrading wheels. Its hardness shall be suitable for the purpose. It is measured according to the procedure in EN ISO 868 with a Shore-Durometer of Type A with the following deviations:
Shore-A hardness is measured at four points in the middle of the tire tread of abrading wheels (instead of the demands in 5.1, 5.2 and 8.1);
hardness of the leather is suitable if all the results are contained within the range A/1:85 – A/1:95. Abrading plate (to calibrate the leather) A plate fitted with a grinding paper with a grain of 240 and a plate fitted with a grinding paper with a grain of 150 according to ISO 6344-1 (about 0,06 mm). Abrading material Pure Carborundum grit (di-aluminium tri-oxide) falling through a 240 meshes per inch sieve and retained on a 280 meshes per inch sieve (grade 240). NOTE These sieves permit grit of 50 m to 63 m to fall through. Stopwatch A stopwatch accurate to ± 0,1 s. A tank to recover the grit A tank of known mass to recover the grit when calibrating the grit feeder. SIST EN 13696:2009
EN 13696:2008 (E) 10 Calibration plates Calibration plates made of cast acrylic. NOTE Equipment of this type, Taber Abrader and Taber Grit Feeder, are made by TELEDYNE TABER. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be show to lead to the same results. 5.3.2.2 Equipment to evaluate the wear of the abraded areas 5.3.2.2.1 For visual observation
transparent template: each quadrant is divided into four sectors of 22,5°;
contrast making solution: water-based solution of 1 % Methylene or Alkali Blue. 5.3.2.2.2 Equipment to measure the thickness of the lacquer Defined in 4.2. 5.3.3 Procedure 5.3.3.1 Preparation of the abrader 5.3.3.1.1 Installation of the leather strips The leather strips, conditioned in the climate used in the test and defined in 4.1.2, shall be bonded with their back face to the ab
...
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 13696:2006
PREDSTANDARD
marec 2006
Lesene talne obloge (vključno s parketom) – Preskusna metoda za
ugotavljanje prožnosti in odpornosti proti obrabi
Wood flooring (including parquet) – Test method to determine elasticity and
resistance to wear
ICS 79.080; 97.150 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 13696:2006(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 13696
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2006
ICS Will supersede ENV 13696:2000
English Version
Wood Flooring (including parquet) - Test method to determine
elasticity and resistance to wear
Planchers en bois (parquets compris) - Méthode d'essai Holzfußböden (einschließlich Parkett) - Prüfverfahren zur
pour déterminer l'élasticité et la résistance à l'abrasion Bestimmung der Elastizität und der Beständigkeit gegen
Verschleiß
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 175.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13696:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Common methods .5
4.1 Conditioning.5
4.2 Measurement of the thickness of the lacquer .6
5 Wear .6
5.1 Principle.6
5.2 Test pieces .7
5.3 Grit feeder system .7
5.4 Sand paper system.14
5.5 Test report .23
6 Elasticity of the lacquer .23
6.1 Principle.23
6.2 Test equipment .23
6.3 Test piece .26
6.4 Procedure .26
6.5 Expression of the results for a test piece .27
6.6 Expression of the result for a batch .27
6.7 Test report .27
Annex A (informative) Evaluation of resistance to wear of unlacquered elements .29
A.1 Test method.29
A.1.1 Equipment .29
A.1.2 Procedure .29
A.2 Expression of the results for a test piece .30
A.2.1 Depth of the wear.30
A.2.2 Rate of wear per 100 rotations .30
A.3 Expression of the results for a batch .30
A.4 Test report .30
Bibliography .31
2
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 13696:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and
sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede ENV 13696:2000.
This document is one of a series of standards specifying requirements and test methods for wood flooring
(including parquet).
3
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Introduction
The resistance to wear of floorings, lacquered or not (either by design or due to inappropriate maintenance), is
one of the main factors to be evaluated. If the selection of any flooring is mainly determined by aesthetic
considerations, the wear degrades not only the appearance but may also modify the slip resistance of the
flooring and hence the safety conditions in use.
The evaluation of the wear of wood flooring and parquet cannot be compared easily with that of other
materials because of the specific features of timber and its lacquer. This has led to the current situation where
test methods and evaluation procedures differ from one country to another.
Anyway, the wear of flooring does happen in service. Surface or in depth treatments, the latter depending on
the wood species, may reduce the wear (loss of material, change in appearance and modification of
properties).
It involves the resistance of the flooring to wear and the elasticity of its lacquer.
This document comprises three parts:
the first part deals with general items and common methods,
the second part deals with wear of lacquered elements. The wear tests simulate wear in usual conditions.
Two systems are defined:
the first one is the grit feeder TABER based on SIS 92 35 09,
the second one is the sand paper tape TABER based on EN 438-2,
the third part deals with the elasticity of the lacquer.
Annex A (informative) deals with the wear of unlacquered elements.
NOTE A research programme will be started to improve our knowledge both on the correlation between the two
systems and on the wear of unlacquered elements and other types of finish.
Annex B (informative) lists unpublished documents that are mentioned in this document and published
documents that are only mentioned in an informative section of this document.
4
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies two alternative test methods to determine the resistance to wear of lacquered wood
floorings and one method to test the elasticity of the lacquer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1534, Wood flooring (including parquet) - Test method - Resistance to indentation (Brinell)
EN 13756, Wood flooring – Terminology
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness (Hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13756 and the following
apply.
3.1
lacquer
film making agent modifying surface layer properties.
NOTE It has a measurable thickness.
4 Common methods
For wear tests as well as for the evaluation of the elasticity of the lacquer, some common procedures are used.
4.1 Conditioning
4.1.1 Equipment
Enclosures with the following climatic conditions:
climate A temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and relative humidity of (65 ± 5) % or
climate B temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.
4.1.2 Procedure
The manufacturer shall specify either of the conditioning climates above.
Unless specified otherwise, all equipment and materials required for the test shall be stabilised and kept in an
enclosure in the climate specified.
5
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
4.2 Measurement of the thickness of the lacquer
When required, the following method shall be applied.
4.2.1 Equipment
4.2.1.1 Optical instrument
An instrument with a resolution of at least (± 1) µm.
NOTE For instance a binocular microscope with a magnification of 100 to 200 and a built-in measuring scale in the
field of view.
4.2.1.2 Contrast marking
A water-based felt tip pen.
4.2.2 Sampling
Choose the location from which the test pieces are taken, depending on the purpose of the measurement
(either in an unworn area or in a worn area).
Test pieces with a size of about 10 mm x 10 mm and by the full thickness shall be cut out of one of the wear
test pieces or area to be tested in elasticity.
The number of test pieces is specified in 5.3.3.4.1, 5.4.3.4.1 and 6.4.1.
4.2.3 Procedure
If needed, contrast mark the lacquered face with the felt-tip pen specified in 4.2.1.2.
Clear-cut with a razor blade the edge of the lacquered face to be inspected.
Mount the test piece, with the clear-cut edge facing the microscope. For each test piece make at least two
measurements to the accuracy allowed by the resolution of the optical instrument.
Measurements of lacquer above open holes in the wood shall not be taken into account.
4.2.4 Expression of the results
When required, average the measurements made on each test piece.
If there are more than one test piece, calculate to one significant figure the mean value and the coefficient of
variation (expressed as a percentage) of the results.
5 Wear
Two test methods are specified: grit feeder system and sand paper system.
5.1 Principle
The resistance to wear is evaluated by abrading the face of representative test pieces or specimens with a
specified abrasive applied by means of two loaded wheels.
The number of rotations, necessary to reach a defined wear is used to evaluate the resistance to wear.
6
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
5.2 Test pieces
5.2.1 Dimensions
The test shall be carried out on a test piece.
A test piece shall have the shape of:
either a square with a side of 120 mm, its corners being trimmed so as to have a diagonal length reduced
to about 130 mm,
or a disc with a diameter of about 130 mm.
Samples, from which it is intended to obtain a test piece, may be smaller than the above dimensions. In that
case a test piece shall be produced by jointing two or more elements according to the manufacturer's
specifications.
Bore a hole (6 ± 0,5) mm diameter and axis normal to the surface at the centre of the test piece.
5.2.2 Sampling
Three test pieces shall be cut. The clearance between two test pieces shall be at least 100 mm. For elements
which have to be jointed, the three test species shall be made out of elements picked out at random.
NOTE This sampling gives an estimation of the property of the lot.
For the sand paper system only: when the lacquer is unknown, a fourth test piece shall be prepared to get an
estimate of the resistance to wear in order to define the frequency of controls to be carried out during the test
of the three pieces above.
5.2.3 Conditioning
The test pieces shall be conditioned to constant mass in one of the climates defined in 4.1.
Prior to testing, the lacquer shall be fully cured according to the manufacturer's instructions.
5.3 Grit feeder system
5.3.1 Principle
A specified loose abrasive is fed continuously on to the face of the test piece, in the track of the loaded wheels.
5.3.2 Test equipment and materials
5.3.2.1 Abrading equipment and materials
5.3.2.1.1 Abrader (see fig 1 as an example)
Supporting disc
It shall have a minimum diameter of 105 mm, rotating in the horizontal plane with a permitted deviation of ± 2
mm/m, at (60 ± 2) r.p.m, the test piece being tightly held flat by means of a suitable clamping device.
7
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Abrading wheels
Two cylindrical wheels free to turn on their axis, balanced by lever and counterweight, with nominal diameter
and width of respectively 44,4 mm and 12,7 mm. They are fitted with a leather strip having a width of (12,7 ±
0,1) mm and a minimum thickness of 1,5 mm. The overall diameter of the wheels, when fitted with leather
strips shall not be less than 47,4 mm.
The distance between the internal faces of the wheels shall be (53 ± 2) mm, their common axis being set, by
20 mm nominally, off the axis of the test piece revolving support. The axis of rotation of the test piece shall be
equidistant from the two wheels.
A device shall apply the abrading wheels on the test piece with a force of (10 ± 0,1) N by each wheel. The
device shall be able to maintain the 20 mm eccentricity for all possible thicknesses of test pieces.
Revolution counter
To record the number of revolutions of the supporting disc.
8
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
6.
7.
1.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
20
8.
10.
9.
3.
12.
11.
13.
14.
2.
Ø 46-52
1.
Legend
1 Abrasive tank 9 Counterweight
2 Suction nozzle 10 Wearing surface
3 Clamping ring 11 Direction of rotation
4 Test piece 12 Screwed pin
5 Supporting disc 13 Nut
6 Testing weight 14 Plate
7 Abrading wheel
8 Lever
Figure 1 — Example of an abrader with grit feeder
9
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Grit feeder
It shall have a capacity of about 200 g of grit. It shall be openable at the top and at the bottom. The bottom
opening shall be (10 ± 1) mm above the face of the test piece and have a length of (16 ± 1) mm. The length of
the bottom opening shall be installed radially to the supporting disc. To make sure of a regular flow, a device
shall be provided in the grit feeder to ensure a regular flow. A further device ensuring an immediate stop of the
feeding is also required.
Vacuum cleaning device
A single nozzle (3 ± 2) mm above the track to be worn, shall be installed in the axial vertical plane between
the two wheels before the grit feeder (relative to the rotation direction) and shall provide a differential pressure
of (2 ± 0,5) kPa.
NOTE Equipment of this type, Taber Abrader and Taber Grit Feeder, are made by TELEDYNE TABER.
5.3.2.1.2 Additional material or equipment
Weighing equipment
For calibrating the force applied by the abrading wheels on the test piece and for calibrating the grit flow.
It shall be accurate to ± 1 g.
Leather strip
For fitting on the perimeter of the abrading wheels.
Its hardness shall be suitable for the purpose. It is measured according to the procedure in prEN 1534 with the
following deviations:
a nominal load (10 ± 0,1) N (instead of 1 kN in 6.1);
four measurements (instead of 50 in 5.2.2).
The hardness of the leather is suitable if all the results are contained within the range 0,06-0,10 HB.
Abrading plate (to calibrate the leather)
A plate fitted with a grinding paper with a grain of 240 (about 0,06 mm).
Abrading material
Pure Carborundum grit (di-aluminium tri-oxide) falling through a 240 meshes per inch sieve and retained on a
280 meshes per inch sieve (grade 240).
NOTE These sieves permit grit of 50 µm to 63 µm to fall through.
Stopwatch
A stopwatch accurate to ± 0,1 s.
A tank to recover the grit
A tank of known mass to recover the grit when calibrating the grit feeder.
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Calibration plates
Calibration plates made of cast acrylic.
NOTE This material is available at TELEDYNE TABER.
5.3.2.2 Equipment to evaluate the wear of the abraded areas
5.3.2.2.1 For visual observation
transparent template: each quadrant is divided into four sectors of 22,5 °.
contrast making solution: water-based solution of 1 % Methylene or Alkali Blue.
5.3.2.2.2 Equipment to measure the thickness of the lacquer
It is defined in 4.2.
5.3.3 Procedure
5.3.3.1 Preparation of the abrader
5.3.3.1.1 Installation of the leather strips
The leather strips, conditioned in the climate used in the test and defined in 4.1.2, shall be bonded with their
back face to the abrading wheels, by means of a solvent free glue. The gap between the two ends of the strip
shall not exceed 0,5 mm and shall make a bevel of about 45 ° with the edges of the wheel.
When the glue is cured, the wheels shall be turned in a lathe to a cylindrical shape and to the dimensions
specified in 5.3.2.1.1.
Finally, the wheels shall be abraded for 500 revolutions in the abrader fitted with the abrading plate specified
in 5.3.2.1.2.
NOTE Ready for use wheels complete with leather strips are available at TELEDYNE TABER.
5.3.3.1.2 Maintenance of the abrading wheels
The wheels complete with leather strips can be used as long as the specifications in 5.3.2.1.1, regarding the
abrading wheels, are complied with.
When they are not, the leather strips shall be removed and replacement shall be carried out as specified in
5.3.3.1.1.
5.3.3.2 Operation of the abrader
To start the wear test:
clamp the test piece on the supporting disc;
level the levers to ensure that the abrading wheel axle is horizontal;
position the vacuum cleaning nozzle, start the vacuum;
position the bottom opening of the grit feeder;
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open the grit feeder, adjust the grit flow to (21 ± 3) grams per minute;
set the revolution counter to zero;
lower the abrading wheels to the surface of the test piece;
start rotation of the test piece.
To halt the wear test:
stop rotation of the test piece;
close the grit feeder;
stop the vacuum;
raise the abrading wheels;
record the number of revolutions.
5.3.3.3 Calibrations
Before starting any wear test, allow the grit feeder to run for 15 minutes to 20 minutes until it reaches its
running temperature.
5.3.3.3.1 Grit feeder
On a daily basis and whenever another batch of grit is used, calibrate the grit flow from the grit feeder by
means of:
the tank specified in 5.3.2.1.2,
a stopwatch as specified in 5.3.2.1.2,
weighing equipment as specified in 5.3.2.1.2.
The grit flow shall last for (60 ± 1) s.
Weigh the quantity of grit that flowed from the grit feeder.
The grit feeder is properly calibrated if the measured mass is (21 ± 3) g.
5.3.3.3.2 Force applied by the wheels
Calibrate the force applied by weighing the wheels with the equipment defined in 5.3.2.1.2 and using the
counterweight of the arms.
The force applied by each wheel shall be (10 ± 0,1) N.
NOTE The equivalent of 10 N is 1020 g.
5.3.3.3.3 Abrading capacity
Start a wear test in accordance with the procedure defined in 5.3.3.2, the test piece being replaced by the
calibration plate specified in 5.3.2.1.2.
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Operate the abrader for 2000 revolutions.
Wipe clean the calibration plate.
Determine the difference between the initial mass of the calibrating plate and the mass after 2000 revolutions.
Repeat the test three times with new calibration plates.
The result is acceptable if:
the average loss of mass is (127,5 ± 10) mg
no individual measurement is beyond the range (127,5 ± 18) mg.
5.3.3.4 Test procedure
5.3.3.4.1 Initial thickness of the lacquer
Measure it in accordance with the method specified in 4.2.
The initial thickness is required only for information. Use one test piece only.
5.3.3.4.2 Wear through
Prior to the wear test, condition the test piece, as specified in 4.1.2. The wear test is carried out in the same
climate.
Run the abrader as specified in 5.3.3.2 until the occurrence of the wear through of the lacquer.
Evaluate wear through by placing the transparent template (see 5.3.2.2.1) on the test piece and examining
visually. If the contrast between the support and the lacquer is not sufficient, use the contrast making solution
specified in 5.3.2.2.1.
Wear through has occurred, when the support shows:
through 12 sectors out of 16 and
through 1 sector per quadrant.
Inspect the test piece after every 200 revolutions. When the test nears its end, inspect after every 100
revolutions.
5.3.4 Expression of the results for a test piece
5.3.4.1 Initial thickness of the lacquer
See 4.2.4.
5.3.4.2 Wear through value
The result is the number of rotations to wear the lacquer through (see 5.3.3.4.2) rounded to the previous
hundred.
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5.3.5 Expression of the results for a batch
5.3.5.1 Initial thickness of lacquer
See 4.2.4.
5.3.5.2 Wear through value
The result is average of the individual numbers of rotations to wear the lacquer through each test piece (see
5.3.3.4.2) rounded to the previous hundred.
5.4 Sand paper system
5.4.1 Principle
A specified abrasive is bonded on the face of a specified paper tape which is fitted on loaded wheels with a
facing of rubber.
5.4.2 Test equipment and materials
5.4.2.1 Abrading equipment and materials
5.4.2.1.1 Abrader (see fig 2 as an example)
Supporting disc
It shall have a minimum diameter of 105 mm, rotating in the horizontal plane with a permitted deviation of ± 2
mm/m, at (60 ± 2) r.p.m, the test piece being tightly held flat by means of a suitable clamping device.
Abrading wheels
Two cylindrical wheels free to turn on their axis, balanced by lever and counterweight, with nominal diameter
and width of 50 mm and 12,7 mm respectively. They are fitted with a ring of rubber having a thickness of 6
mm to 7 mm and a hardness of 50 IRDH to 55 IRDH when measured in accordance with ISO 48.
The distance between the internal faces of the wheels shall be (53 ± 2) mm, their common axis being set, by
20 mm nominally, off the axis of the test piece revolving support. The axis of rotation of the test piece shall be
equidistant from the two wheels.
A device shall apply the abrading wheels on the test piece with a force of (5,4 ± 0,1) N by each wheel. The
device shall be able to maintain the 20 mm excentricity for all possible thicknesses of test pieces.
Revolution counter
To record the number of revolutions of the supporting disc.
Vacuum cleaning device
Two nozzles (1,5 ± 0,5) mm above the area to be worn, shall be installed in the axial vertical plane between
the two wheels, nominally 77 mm from each other and providing a differential pressure of (2 ± 0,5) kPa.
NOTE Equipment of this type, Taber Abrader, is made by TELEDYNE TABER.
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5.4.2.1.2 Additional material and equipment
Weighing equipment
For calibrating the force applied by the abrading wheels on the test piece.
It shall be accurate to ± 1 g.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
20
8.
10.
9.
3.
11.
2.
Ø 46-52
Legend
1 Plate 9 Counterweight
2 Suction nozzle 10 Wearing surface
3 Clamping ring 11 Direction of rotation
4 Test piece 12 Screwed pin
5 Supporting disc 13 Nut
6 Testing weight
7 Abrading wheel
8 Lever
Figure 2 — Example of an abrader with abrasive tapes
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prEN 13696:2006 (E)
Abrading material
Sand paper tapes of 12,7 mm in width and about 160 mm in length with the following features:
Carborundum grit (di-aluminium tri-oxide) falling through 100 µm mesh sieve but retained on a 63 µm
mesh sieve,
supporting paper with a weight of 70 g/m² to 100 g/m² to be bonded to the wheels either by a self
adhesive back face or by means of a double-sided adhesive tape.
Calibration plates with the following specification:
material: rolled zinc;
thickness (0,8 ± 0,1) mm;
hardness within the range 46 HB to 50 HB. Measure the hardness in accordance with EN 1534,
except that:
use a hardened steel ball with a diameter of (5 ± 0,01) mm;
apply a load of 360 N;
take four measurements for each plate. All four measurements shall be within the range stated.
5.4.2.2 Equipment to evaluate the wear of the abraded areas
5.4.2.2.1 For visual observation
transparent template: each quadrant is divided into four sectors of 22,5 °.
contrast making solution: water-based solution of 1 % Methylene or Alkali Blue.
5.4.2.2.2 Weighing equipment
Scales accurate to ± 0,1 mg.
5.4.2.3 Equipment to measure the thickness of the lacquer
It is defined in 4.2.
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5.4.3 Procedure
5.4.3.1 Preparation of the abrader
5.4.3.1.1 Installation of the abrading tapes
Prior to their installation, they shall be conditioned, for 72 h at least, in the climate used in the test and defined
in 4.1.2.
Fit on the curved surface of each abrading wheel covered with rubber as specified in 5.4.2.1.1, an abrasive
tape, either self adhesive or associated with a double-sided adhesive tape without overlapping. The gap
between the ends of the abrasive tape shall not exceed 0,5 mm.
5.4.3.1.2 Maintenance of the abrading wheels
Each test shall be started with a new set of abrading tapes. A new set of abrading tapes shall be fitted after
500 revolutions, or sooner if clogging occurs.
5.4.3.1.3 Procedure for checking clogging
Check for clogging after 20 revolutions or after 10 % of the expected revolutions (with a maximum of 50
revolutions) whichever is greater. If the loss of mass is reduced by 30 % or more compared with the previous
loss of mass checked, change the abrading tapes.
NOTE To delay clogging, a jet of compressed air should be directed at each abrading wheel continuously or
discontinuously.
The jet is defined by:
the air pressure: (7 ± 1) bars,
the distance between
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