SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
(Main)Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Communication today is digital and therefore sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are data expressed in terms of bit, bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T)). A bit (binary digit) is the smallest digital unit and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte includes 8 bits and defines the size of a data file. Transmission capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per second (Bit/s). When a data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means that 10 bits are required for 1 byte.
Lichtwellenleiter Anschluß beim Endkunden - Leitfaden für die Erstellung von FTTx-Lichtwellenleiternetzen
Accès à l’utilisateur par fibres optiques - Lignes directrices relatives à la construction d’un réseau en fibres optiques de type FttX
Dostop prek optičnih vlaken do končnega uporabnika - Napotki za gradnjo optičnega omrežja FTTX
Danes je komunikacija digitalna, zato se zvočni, slikovni, glasovni in ostali podatki, ki se prenašajo prek omrežij, izražajo v bitih, bajtih in njihovih večkratnikih (kilo (k)), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T)). Bit (binarna številka) je najmanjša digitalna enota in ima samo dve vrednosti: 0 ali 1. Bajt zajema 8 bitov in določa velikost podatkovne datoteke. Prenosna kapaciteta omrežij in terminalov ni izražena z bajti, ampak z biti na sekundo (bit/s). Za prenos podatkovne datoteke v omrežju sta potrebna dva dodatna bita. To pomeni, da je potrebnih 10 bitov za 1 bajt.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
01-februar-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2008
'RVWRSSUHNRSWLþQLKYODNHQGRNRQþQHJDXSRUDEQLND1DSRWNL]DJUDGQMR
RSWLþQHJDRPUHåMD)77;
Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Lichtwellenleiter Anschluß beim Endkunden - Leitfaden für die Erstellung von FTTx-
Lichtwellenleiternetzen
Accès à l’utilisateur par fibres optiques - Lignes directrices relatives à la construction
d’un réseau en fibres optiques de type FttX
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TR 50510:2012
ICS:
33.180.99 'UXJDRSUHPD]DRSWLþQD Other fibre optic equipment
YODNQD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
TECHNICAL REPORT
CLC/TR 50510
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
November 2012
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 33.180.99 Supersedes CLC/TR 50510:2007
English version
Fibre optic access to end-user -
A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Accès à l’utilisateur par fibres optiques - Lichtwellenleiterzugang zum Endkunden -
Lignes directrices relatives à la Leitfaden für die Erstellung von FTTx-
construction d’un réseau en fibres Lichtwellenleiternetzen
optiques de type FttX
This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2012-10-15.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. CLC/TR 50510:2012 E
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
CLC/TR 50510:2012 – 2 –
Contents
Executive summary . 6
1 Introduction to Broadband . 8
2 Network Structure and Nodes . 9
2.1 General . 9
2.2 Network Layers . 9
2.2.1 Overview . 9
2.2.2 Physical routing . 10
2.2.3 Passive transmission media . 10
2.2.4 Transmission-, IP- and application layer. 10
2.2.5 Ownership, operating and maintenance . 10
2.3 Network topology – Terminology . 10
2.3.1 Overview on Infrastructure . 10
2.3.2 National network . 11
2.3.3 Regional network . 11
2.3.4 Municipality connecting network . 12
2.3.5 Metropolitan or urban network . 12
2.3.6 Access network . 13
2.4 Nodes – Topology and Terminology . 13
2.4.1 Overview . 13
2.4.2 National node . 14
2.4.3 Regional node . 14
2.4.4 Main node . 14
2.4.5 Access node . 14
2.5 Examples of FTTx topologies . 15
2.6 FTTx in the access network . 18
2.6.1 Overview . 18
2.6.2 FTTx in access networks . 18
3 FTTx passive network products and system implementations . 19
3.1 General . 19
3.2 Optical fibres . 19
3.2.1 Triple play and general about new fibres . 19
3.2.2 Choice of optical fibre type . 19
3.2.3 Number of optical fibres provided to each end-user . 21
3.3 Cables and ducts. 21
3.3.1 Cables . 21
3.3.2 Hybrid cables . 22
3.3.3 Outdoor . 23
3.3.4 Indoor . 23
3.3.5 Blown fibre units . 23
3.3.6 Microduct optical fibre cables for blowing . 24
3.3.7 Cables for blowing . 24
3.3.8 Dimensions for microducts and multi duct bundles . 24
3.4 Connectivity products . 26
3.4.1 Connectors in the FTTx-network . 26
3.4.2 Optical fibre splicing . 28
3.4.3 Pre-connectorised fibre . 29
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
– 3 – CLC/TR 50510:2012
3.5 Optical splitters . 29
3.5.1 General . 29
3.5.2 Fused biconic taper technology . 29
3.5.3 Planar splitter technology . 29
3.6 Fibre organisers and closures . 30
3.6.1 Closures . 30
3.6.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) . 31
3.6.3 Connectivity Products for Indoor FTTx Networks . 32
3.7 Access Node . 32
3.7.1 Design of the POP housing (a room for an access node) . 32
3.7.2 Power feeding an access node . 35
3.7.3 Earthing in an access node . 35
3.8 System design . 36
3.8.1 Link dimensioning . 36
3.8.2 Calculation of an optical power budget . 36
3.9 Cabling implementation . 37
3.9.1 Optical fibre cabling . 37
3.9.2 Pulling, burying and blowing . 38
3.9.3 Right of Way (RoW) solution . 39
3.9.4 Access and jointing chambers . 43
4 Network design . 44
4.1 Overview . 44
4.2 Areas with block(s) of Multi-Dwelling Units (MDUs) . 44
4.3 Areas with detached houses . 45
4.4 Rural areas . 47
4.5 General considerations when designing a network . 48
5 Planning. 49
5.1 General . 49
5.1.1 Outline planning . 49
5.1.2 Development of outline plans . 49
5.1.3 Detailed planning . 51
5.2 Installation – General advice . 51
5.2.1 Drilling . 51
5.2.2 Lift shaft . 51
5.2.3 Messages to residents . 51
5.2.4 Insurance and compensation for damage . 51
5.2.5 Certificate . 51
5.3 Installation in node areas . 51
5.3.1 Access node . 51
5.3.2 Area for splice cabinet – Optical fibre concentration point . 52
5.3.3 In a flat, a house or similar area (user node – subscriber node) . 53
6 Installation . 54
6.1 Underground work . 54
6.1.1 Material for ducts, cables and microduct optical fibre cables . 54
6.1.2 Ploughing for installation of ducts (cables) . 55
6.1.3 Digging and milling for installations of ducts (cable) . 56
6.1.4 Warning tape or ribbon . 56
6.1.5 Installation in ducts . 57
6.1.6 Sub-ducts . 57
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
CLC/TR 50510:2012 – 4 –
6.1.7 Various techniques to install cables into ducts . 58
6.1.8 Installation of cable into ducts with compressed air or floating with water . 58
6.1.9 Installation with pulling rope . 59
6.1.10 Preventive protection of ducts and cables in manholes . 61
6.2 Aerial installation . 61
6.2.1 General . 61
6.2.2 Self-supported cables/microducts . 61
6.2.3 Installation of cables with lashing and wrapping . 61
6.3 Indoor installation . 62
6.4 Commission and acceptance of completed networks . 62
6.5 Safety, risks and risk elimination . 62
7 Measurements, documentation and operation. 65
7.1 Measurements . 65
7.2 Labels and marking . 65
7.2.1 General . 65
7.2.2 Notation . 66
7.2.3 Format of documentation . 67
7.2.4 Purpose of documentation . 69
7.3 Operation and maintenance . 69
8 Quality . 70
9 Glossary . 71
Annex A List of standards . 72
Annex B Examples of fibre optic cables – designs vs. application . 81
Annex C Examples of ducts and microducts . 89
Annex D Example of multi-dwelling premises . 91
Annex E Example of areas with private detached or terraced houses . 99
Bibliography . 105
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
– 5 – CLC/TR 50510:2012
Foreword
This document (CLC/TR 50510:2012) has been prepared by CLC/TC 86A, "Optical fibres and optical fibre
cables".
This document supersedes CLC/TR 50510:2007.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
CLC/TR 50510:2012 – 6 –
Executive summary
The abbreviation FTTx refers to grids using fibres in the terminal area, meaning beyond the last exchange
Central Office. “x” thereby denotes different penetration levels, for instance:
FTTC = Fibre to the Curb, meaning to the street (to the last cabinet);
FTTB = Fibre to the Building, meaning to the building, normally into the basement;
FTTH = Fibre to the Home, meaning into the residential area.
Most FTTx networks are designed without any active equipment in the external network and are therefore
classified as passive optical networks. The only active equipment is at the central office and the customer
premises. FTTH - PON networks can be designed around different architectures.
The purpose of this Technical Report is to be a first guideline for those considering to install a high
bandwidth (high bit-rate) FTTx-network. After studying the Technical Report operators, communities, energy
companies, installers and others will understand the necessary steps to take to plan and install
FTTx-networks with high quality and cost effectiveness, and to secure a uniform structure and a high quality
level on such networks.
The main part of this Technical Report describes the FTTx-networks, but Clause 2 also contains more
general information to give an understanding as to how these networks fit into the planning of other network
infrastructures.
FTTx has for many years been regarded as the most future-proof technique for transmission of broadband
multi-media applications. The building of FTTx-networks has previously been prevented by high costs. New
investigations show, however, that the cost to install a new fibre based network (100 Mbit/s) is a little less
than to install a new copper network. The FTTx-network is also the only structure, which with certainty can
offer both the present and the future needs, which broadband access services require. At the same time the
technique allows efficient operating maintenance and cost savings.
The networks to be presented are usually called FTTx, but with the strategy described here fibre networks
can reach any point in the network. The end-user can be separate homes, houses, office environments,
optoelectrical transitions in equipment for alarms, surveillance, monitoring devices etc.
The Technical Report also describes recommendations and gives basic requirements to be fulfilled by an
optical fibre installation in an FTTx-network to satisfy present and future requirements on capacity,
transmission distance and network quality. As a target, the minimum capacity is set to 1 Gbit/s (1 000 Mbit/s)
up to 10 km distance. Relevant types of single-mode optical fibres are specified in EN 60793-2-50. However,
in the industry single-mode optical fibre is typically described by the relevant ITU-T recommendations. The
physical network should have an expected lifetime of at least 25 years.
The recommendations are written for a general audience, but in particular for people involved in private and
public enterprises, people responsible for broadband decisions, planning, training and installations.
The Technical Report is divided into eight clauses:
• Clause 1 introduces the term “broadband” and its background.
• Clause 2 introduces the telecommunications infrastructures and provides an overview of the basic
structure for the FTTx network.
• Clause 3 describes system implementations for FTTx including requirements on products and
installation techniques.
• Clause 4 provides guidance on how to create a network and gives an overview of applicable network
topologies.
• Clause 5 provides basic information in relation to various installation practises and the planning
relevant to those practises.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
– 7 – CLC/TR 50510:2012
• Clause 6 addresses installation of the FTTx network.
• Clause 7 addresses the testing, documentation and maintenance of the installed network.
• Clause 8 addresses the overall quality.
A number of annexes are included to give deeper knowledge in certain areas. They are broad examples and
can be used to give a better view on the principles for installation of FTTx-networks with cables, microduct
optical fibre cables, microducts and blown fibre units. To some extent these annexes are company specific,
which the reader should be aware of. Annex A (reference [1]) gives a comprehensive list of standards.
References [2], [3], [5] and [6] give a good overview of the present status in ITU-T, IEC and the general
CENELEC view.
Some of the requirements put forward in this Technical Report are unique for an FTTx-network and should
not be used in a general sense for optical networks.
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
CLC/TR 50510:2012 – 8 –
1 Introduction to Broadband
Communication today is digital and therefore sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are data
expressed in terms of bit, bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T)). A bit (binary digit)
is the smallest digital unit and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte includes 8 bits and defines the size of a
data file. Transmission capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per
second (Bit/s). When a data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means
that 10 bits are required for 1 byte.
A subscriber who wants to download or upload a large file must wait for data transfer to be accomplished.
This time depends on the file size; say 100 MB, and transmission speed. In most networks, like VDSL or
cable, transmission speeds are asymmetrical, with download (data transfer towards the user) being faster
than upload (data transfer from the user), e.g. 100 Mbit/s and 4 Mbit/s, respectively commonly offered using
DOCSIS 3.0 technology. At these speeds, it takes just 8 s to download a 100 MB file, but as much as 200 s
(3 min 20 s) to upload it. In ADSL networks, typical download and upload speeds are 15 Mbit/s and 1 Mbit/s,
corresponding file transfer times being 53 s and 800 s (13 min 20 s) respectively.
Actual transmission speed in many networks is lower than advertised and vary with traffic load due to
oversubscription of shared system capacity. This problem does not exist in point-to-point (P2P) fibre
networks without capacity sharing, where 1 Gbit/s symmetrical transmission speed is currently possible.
While users of passively split FTTx network do share common capacity, it is large, for example 2,5 Gbit/s in a
GPON system, so fast and reasonably symmetrical service can be offered, like 100/50 Mbit/s or 100/25
Mbit/s.
The following table gives examples of transmission times for downloading a 6,25 GB file with high quality
DVD movie.
Transmission speed Download time Access technology
0,128 Mbit/s 5 days, 8 h Dial-up
10 Mbit/s 8 h VDSL
100 Mbit/s 48 min DOCSIS 3.0,GPON, EPON
1 000 Mbit/s 50 s P2P fibre access
We do not know all future applications, however existing technologies of today, such as video on demand
and the exchange of medical data e.g. for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), offer an outlook on the future
usage of broadband networks.
For the purpose of this document the following classifications will be used:
− low bit rate transmission: up to 1 Mbit/s
− medium bit rate transmission: 1 up to 10 Mbit/s
− high bit rate transmission: 10 up to 100 Mbit/s
− Very high bit rate transmission: 1 Gbit/s and more.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
– 9 – CLC/TR 50510:2012
2 Network Structure and Nodes
2.1 General
This clause provides an overview of the FTTx networks and provides a foundation for any terminology and
references made from subsequent clauses in this Technical Report.
2.2 Network Layers
2.2.1 Overview
For a level-designed view on the components in the build-up of the infrastructure, see Figure 1.
Figure 1 – Network layers
From the bottom up, Figure 1 shows the following network layers:
Physical routing: Duct for cables, for microduct optical fibre cables, and for microduct fibre unit cables
(blown fibre products) and for structures for antennas
Passive transmission and interconnecting media: optical fibre cable, connectors, antennas, boxes,
closures and their physical interconnections
Active transmission systems: Logical connections over a physical connection
IP: The internet operator network service to the user
Application: Equipment, program and data bases of the user
Designing the infrastructure in layers makes it possible for different ownership of individual layers. This
creates possibilities for open networks and competition, but also presents risks regarding responsibilities and
long-term interaction.
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2013
CLC/TR 50510:2012 – 10 –
2.2.2 Physical routing
The lowest layer in the physical network is the physical routing. It consists of ducts in standard dimensions,
antenna structures, network components and microducts among others. Also existing infrastructure tubing
such as sewer-, gas-, and drinking water tubes may be used. The physical routing should have an expected
lifetime of 25 years.
This Technical Report describes the physical routing as applied to FTTx infrastructures. Most of the cost for
a broadband network is in the planning a
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.