SIST EN 14944-4:2025
(Main)Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption — Test methods — Part 4: Migration of substances from site applied cementititous materials and associated noncementitious products/materials
Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption — Test methods — Part 4: Migration of substances from site applied cementititous materials and associated noncementitious products/materials
This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfverfahren - Teil 4: Migration von Substanzen aus bauseits angewendeten zementgebundenen Materialien und zugehörigen nicht zementgebundenen Produkten/Materialien
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Migration von Substanzen aus erhärteten zementgebundenen bauseits angewendeten oder bauseits geformten Materialien (einschließlich vorverpacktem Mörtel) in Prüfwässer nach einem Kontakt mit den Produkten fest. Es deckt auch die Bestimmung der Migration einzelner Bestandteile von zementgebundenen Produkten und Materialien (siehe Anhang A und Anhang B) und von zugehörigen nicht zementgebundenen Hilfsstoffen für Zulassungszwecke ab (siehe Anhang C).
Bauseits angewendete oder bauseits geformte zementgebundene Materialien, die nicht in Würfel- oder prismatische Formen gegossen werden können, wie z. B. einige aufzuspritzende Systeme, fallen in den Anwendungsbereich von EN 14944 3 und nicht unter diese Norm.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für bauseits angewendete oder bauseits geformte zementgebundene Materialien, welche dazu bestimmt sind, Trinkwasser zu transportieren und zu speichern, einschließlich Rohwasser, welches für die Herstellung von Trinkwasser eingesetzt wird. Es ist auch für einzelne Bestandteile von zementgebundenen Produkten/Materialien und zugehörigen nicht zementgebundenen Hilfsstoffen anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG Prüfungen mit dem festgelegten Prüfwasser sind nicht unbedingt repräsentativ für Materialien, die in anderen Wasserarten und insbesondere in sehr weichem Wasser verwendet werden.
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine — Méthodes d’essai — Partie 4 : Migration de substances à partir de matériaux à base de ciment appliqués sur site et de produits/matériaux associés exempts de ciment
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la migration dans les eaux d’essai des substances issues de matériaux durcis à base de ciment appliqués ou formés sur site (y compris les mortiers préconditionnés). Il couvre également la détermination de la migration à partir de constituants individuels de produits et matériaux à base de ciment (voir les Annexes A et B) et à partir de produits associés exempts de ciment à des fins d’agrément (voir l’Annexe C).
Les matériaux à base de ciment appliqués ou formés sur site qui ne peuvent pas être coulés sous forme de cubes ou de prismes, par exemple, certains produits pulvérisés, relèvent du domaine d’application de l’EN 14944-3 et non de la présente norme.
Le présent document s’applique aux matériaux à base de ciment appliqués ou formés sur site conçus pour le transport et le stockage de l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine, y compris l’eau brute utilisée pour produire de l’eau potable. Il s’applique également aux constituants individuels des produits/matériaux à base de ciment ainsi qu’aux produits/matériaux associés exempts de ciment.
NOTE Les essais menés avec l’eau d’essai spécifiée ne seront pas nécessairement représentatifs d’une utilisation des matériaux dans une autre sorte d’eau et notamment dans les eaux très douces.
Vpliv cementnih proizvodov na pitno vodo - Preskusne metode - 4. del: Prehajanje snovi iz cementnih materialov, uporabljenih na terenu, in pripadajočih necementnih proizvodov/materialov
Ta dokument določa metodo za ugotavljanje prehajanja snovi iz strjenih cementnih materialov, uporabljeni ali oblikovanih na terenu (vključno s predpakirano malto) v preskusne vode po stiku s takšnimi proizvodi. Zajema tudi določanje prehajanja iz posameznih sestavin cementnih proizvodov in materialov (glej dodatka A in B) ter iz pripadajočih necementnih proizvodov za namene odobritve (glej dodatek C). Cementni materiali, uporabljeni ali oblikovani na terenu, ki jih ni mogoče ulivati v obliki kock ali prizem (npr. pri nanašanju z brizganjem), ne spadajo na področje uporabe tega standarda, temveč standarda EN 14944-3. Ta dokument se uporablja za cementne materiale, uporabljene ali oblikovane na terenu, ki so namenjeni za prevoz in shranjevanje pitne vode, vključno z neobdelano vodo, ki se uporablja za pripravo pitne vode. Uporablja se tudi za posamezne sestavine cementnih proizvodov/materialov in pripadajočih necementnih proizvodov/materialov. OPOMBA: Preskusi z določeno preskusno vodo morda ne bodo reprezentativni za materiale, ki se uporabljajo v različnih vrstah voda, zlasti v zelo mehkih vodah.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2025
Vpliv cementnih proizvodov na pitno vodo - Preskusne metode - 4. del: Prehajanje
snovi iz cementnih materialov, uporabljenih na terenu, in pripadajočih
necementnih proizvodov/materialov
Influence of cementitious products on water intended for
human consumption — Test methods — Part 4: Migration of substances
from site applied cementititous materials and associated noncementitious
products/materials
Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch -
Prüfverfahren - Teil 4: Migration von Substanzen aus bauseits angewendeten
zementgebundenen Materialien und zugehörigen nicht zementgebundenen
Produkten/Materialien
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine
— Méthodes d’essai — Partie 4 : Migration de substances à partir de matériaux à base
de ciment appliqués sur site et de produits/matériaux associés exempts de ciment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14944-4:2025
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
67.250 Materiali in predmeti v stiku z Materials and articles in
živili contact with foodstuffs
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 14944-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.060.20; 67.250
English Version
Influence of cement based products on water intended for
human consumption - Test methods - Part 4: Migration of
substances from site-applied cement based materials and
associated non-cement based products/materials
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für
destinée à la consommation humaine - Méthodes den menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfverfahren - Teil 4:
d'essai - Partie 4 : Migration de substances à partir de Migration von Substanzen aus bauseits angewendeten
matériaux à base de ciment appliqués sur site et de zementgebundenen Materialien und zugehörigen nicht
produits/matériaux associés exempts de ciment zementgebundenen Produkten/Materialien
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 April 2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14944-4:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principle . 9
5 Reagents . 10
5.1 Sodium hypochlorite solution . 10
5.2 Waters to be used for testing . 10
5.3 Cleaning liquids for apparatus . 11
6 Apparatus . 11
6.1 General. 11
6.2 Apparatus and materials for test piece preparation (see Annexes A, B and C) . 11
6.3 Apparatus and materials for preconditioning and migration procedure . 12
7 Samples and test pieces . 12
7.1 Sampling, transport and storage of samples. 12
7.2 Preparation of test pieces . 13
7.3 Surface area to volume ratio (S/V) for use in the test procedure . 13
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning) . 13
8.1 General. 13
8.2 Preconditioning . 14
9 Test procedure . 14
9.1 General. 14
9.2 Preparation of migration water for analysis of substances . 14
9.3 Control samples (procedural blank test) . 15
10 Analysis . 15
11 Calculation of test results. 15
11.1 General. 15
11.2 Calculation of the concentration of the substances in the migration water . 15
11.3 Calculation of the migration rate of the measured substances . 16
11.4 Calculation of the mean migration rate . 16
12 Test report . 16
12.1 Introduction . 16
12.2 General information . 16
12.3 Information on the product . 17
12.4 Information on reference concrete mixes and test pieces . 17
12.5 Information on the test procedure . 17
12.6 Test results (see Table 2) . 18
Annex A (normative) Testing and assessing migration of substances from the constituents of
concretes . 19
A.1 General. 19
A.2 Method . 19
A.3 Normative references . 20
A.4 Terms and definitions . 20
A.5 Principle . 20
A.6 Reagents . 21
A.7 Apparatus . 21
A.8 Reference (or control) concrete . 21
A.9 Sampling of constituents . 22
A.10 Control mix, test mixes and test pieces . 22
A.11 Concrete mixing and compacting procedure . 24
A.12 Curing and preconditioning of test pieces . 25
A.13 Surface area to volume (S/V) ratio . 25
A.14 Test procedure . 25
A.15 Test arrangement . 25
A.16 Assessment of unapproved constituents . 26
A.17 Analysis . 26
A.18 Calculation of test results . 27
A.19 Test report . 28
Annex B (normative) Testing and assessing migration of substances from the constituents of
mortars . 29
B.1 General . 29
B.2 Method . 29
B.3 Normative references . 30
B.4 Terms and definitions . 30
B.5 Principle . 30
B.6 Reagents . 31
B.7 Apparatus . 31
B.8 Reference (or control) mortar . 31
B.9 Sampling of constituents . 32
B.10 Control mix, test mix and test pieces . 32
B.11 Mortar mixing and compacting procedure . 34
B.12 Curing and preconditioning of test pieces . 34
B.13 Surface area to volume (S/V) ratio . 34
B.14 Test procedure . 34
B.15 Test arrangement . 34
B.16 Assessment of unapproved constituents . 35
B.17 Analysis . 35
B.18 Calculation of test results. 36
B.19 Test report . 37
Annex C (normative) Testing and assessing migration of substances from associated non-cement
based products/materials . 38
C.1 Introduction . 38
C.2 Method . 38
C.3 Normative references . 39
C.4 Terms and definitions . 39
C.5 Principle . 39
C.6 Reagents . 39
C.7 Apparatus . 39
C.8 Reference (or control) concrete/mortar. 39
C.9 Sampling of constituents and unapproved products . 39
C.10 Control mix, test mix and test pieces . 40
C.11 Concrete/mortar mixing and compacting procedure . 40
C.12 Curing and preconditioning of test pieces . 40
C.13 Surface area to volume (S/V) ratio . 41
C.14 Test procedure . 41
C.15 Test arrangement . 41
C.16 Assessment of unapproved products . 41
C.17 Analysis . 41
C.18 Calculation of test results. 41
C.19 Test report . 42
Annex D (informative) Examples of typical test pieces and test conditions as a function of S/V ratio
............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Annex E (informative) Test arrangements for site-applied cement based materials and associated
non-cement based products/materials . 44
Annex F (normative) Additional procedures for testing site-applied cement based products at
elevated temperature . 46
F.1 General. 46
F.2 Test procedure at elevated temperature . 46
F.3 Control samples (blank test) . 46
F.4 Expression of results . 46
F.5 Reporting . 46
Annex G (informative) Discrimination between porous and non-porous coating on site applied
cement based products . 47
G.1 Principle . 47
G.2 Apparatus . 47
G.3 Materials and reagents . 47
G.4 Test procedure . 47
G.5 Determination of pH . 48
G.6 Expression of results . 48
G.7 Classification criteria . 48
Annex H (informative) Schematic description of the test procedure . 49
H.1 Preconditioning . 49
H.2 Production of migration water at 23 °C . 49
H.3 Typical schedule . 51
Annex I (informative) Procedural tests using standard additions (positive control) . 52
Bibliography . 53
European foreword
This document (EN 14944-4:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water
supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document describes a test method to determine the migration of substances in water intended for
human consumption.
This document will result in one of a series of standards that support standards for the approval of
products and materials in contact with water intended for human consumption.
This document is part of a series dealing with the influence of cement based and associated non-cement
based products/materials on water intended for human consumption, including:
— Part 1: Influence of factory-made cement based products on organoleptic parameters and migration
of organic substances (TOC).
— Part 2: Influence of site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement based
products/materials on organoleptic parameters and migration of organic substances (TOC).
— Part 3: Migration of substances from factory made cement based products.
— Part 4: Migration of substances from site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement
based products/materials.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based
site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact
with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based
products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for
approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some
spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used
for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for
the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based
products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different
kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 206:2013+A2:2021, Concrete — Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 10088-1, Stainless steels — Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete — Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens
and moulds
EN 14944-3, Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption — Test methods
— Part 3: Migration of substances from factory-made cementititous products
EN ISO 7393-1, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 1: Titrimetric
method using N, N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (ISO 7393-1)
EN ISO 7393-2, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 2: Colorimetric
method using N,N-dialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes (ISO 7393-2)
EN ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH (ISO 10523)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
appropriate body
certification body, inspection body or testing laboratory, as relevant to a particular requirement
3.2
cement based product
factory made product containing a cement based material supplied in the hardened state with a formed
surface prior to its incorporation into the construction works
3.3
cement based material
material that contains a hydraulic cement in sufficient proportion to act as the main binder by forming a
hydrate structure which governs the performance of the material
3.4
associated non-cement based product
product which is applied to the surface of a cement based product, directly or indirectly, during
manufacture (or construction) and which either provides a porous seal to the product or which remains
as a residue in contact with water e.g. porous seal coats, formwork release agents and curing compounds
3.5
porous seal coat
polymeric (usually organic) materials applied in a thin (25 μm to 200 μm thickness) surface layer to a
cement mortar lining in order to restrict (but not prevent) interactions between the mortar and conveyed
water
[SOURCE: ISO 16132]
3.6
proxy sample
sample of fresh mortar or fresh concrete taken from material to be used for the production of a factory-
made product, either applied to one face of a stainless steel (6.2.1) using the same process of application
used in the factory (mortar only) or cast into a mould (mortar or concrete) of appropriate dimensions
and compacted (where appropriate), cured and hardened under conditions representative of those
intended for the product
EXAMPLE Standard cube, cylinder or prism, etc.
3.7
fresh concrete
concrete that is fully mixed and still in a condition capable of being compacted
3.8
fresh mortar
cement mortar that is fully mixed and still in a condition of being applied
3.9
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product
3.10
test procedure
specified technical method for performing a test
3.11
sample
one or more units, or a specified quantity, drawn from a batch or lot, selected at random for inspection,
e.g. at the factory or in a laboratory
3.12
test piece
sample or portion which is to be conditioned, treated or otherwise prepared to be tested to obtain a single
test result
3.13
preconditioning
succession of contact periods of a test piece with the preconditioning water before contact with the test
water
3.14
test water
water used for testing purposes
3.15
migration water
test water which has been in contact with a test piece under specified conditions
3.16
blank water
test water which has been kept at the same specified conditions as migration water but without contact
with the test piece
3.17
tap water
drinking water distributed by a public supplier
3.18
demineralised water
water of which the mineral matter or salts have been removed by deionization
3.19
Type I addition
nearly inert additions
3.20
Type II addition
pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions
4 Principle
The procedure specifies the method for producing test pieces (normally in the form of cubes or prisms)
from the site applied or site formed material under test. It also specifies the method of producing concrete
or mortar test pieces for assessing individual unapproved constituents of these materials or associated
non-cement based products/materials.
Each test piece is subjected to a specified preconditioning procedure where the surface which, in practice
will be exposed to water intended for human consumption is brought into contact with preconditioning
water during five sequential periods: three periods of 24 h, 1 period of 72 h and a final period of 24 h.
The preconditioned test piece is then brought into contact with test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-
free during three sequential migration periods. A migration period is either:
— 72 h at (23 ± 2) °C for products/materials intended to come into contact with chlorinated or chlorine-
free cold water;
— 24 h at a specified elevated temperature for products/materials intended to come into contact with
warm or hot chlorine-free water.
Migration rates are calculated after each contact period by determination of the content of specified
substances in the corresponding migration water.
NOTE 1 The test is carried out under conditions that ensure that reliable migration rates are calculated. These
conditions are not meant to simulate any service condition. Relating the results obtained from this document to the
service condition is carried out using a conversion procedure. This procedure will be specified in regulations.
NOTE 2 The selection of:
a) The appropriate test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-free, from those made available in this
document;
b) the temperature of the test water; is specified in product or system standards or in national or European
regulations, as appropriate.
NOTE 4 Referring standards and/or national or European regulations can specify further sequential migration
periods. Reference is made to Annex H for further guidance on the sequence and number of migration periods that
can be specified.
5 Reagents
5.1 Sodium hypochlorite solution
5.1.1 Sodium hypochlorite solution, prepared from a commercial solution of sodium hypochlorite
(NaOCl), using test water (5.2.2) and having a known concentration of about 0,1 % by mass of free
chlorine determined in accordance with either EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-2.
This sodium hypochlorite solution is unstable and shall be prepared on the day of use.
5.2 Waters to be used for testing
5.2.1 Preconditioning water
Preconditioning water is prepared by dissolving (222 ± 2) mg anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl ) and
(336 ± 2) mg sodium hydrogen-carbonate (NaHCO ) in one litre of demineralized water (3.19). The pH
is determined in accordance with EN ISO 10523 and adjusted to 7,4 ± 0,1 by bubbling air and/or CO into
the solution.
-
NOTE The target total hardness is 200 mg/l as CaCO and the target alkalinity is 244 mg/l as HCO .
3 3
5.2.2 Test water
Test water is prepared by dissolving (110 ± 1) mg anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl ), (140 ± 1) mg
sodium hydrogen-carbonate (NaHCO ) and (48 ± 1) mg sodium silicate (Na SiO ·9H O) in one litre of
3 2 3 2
demineralized water (3.19). The pH is determined in accordance with EN ISO 10523 and adjusted to
7,0 ± 0,1 by bubbling air and/or CO into the solution.
-
NOTE The target total hardness is 100 mg/l as CaCO , the target alkalinity is 122 mg/l as HCO and the silica
3 3
concentration is 10 mg/l as SiO .
5.2.3 Test water without chlorine content (chlorine-free)
Test water without chlorine content (chlorine-free) shall consist of a batch of test water (5.2.2) used for
contact with test pieces and preparation of the blank water (3.17).
5.2.4 Test water with chlorine content (chlorinated)
Test water with chlorine content (chlorinated) shall consist of test water (5.2.2) with a free chlorine
content of (1,0 ± 0,2) mg/l as Cl , determined in accordance with either EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-
2, after addition of sodium hypochlorite solution (5.1).
5.3 Cleaning liquids for apparatus
Use one of the following cleaning liquids:
— non-perfumed biodegradable detergent;
— hydrochloric acid, 2 mol/l;
— nitric acid, 10 % or 1,5 mol/l.
6 Apparatus
6.1 General
For cleaning the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, before use, the following general requirements
apply.
a) clean the glassware to be used, using detergent (5.3). Rinse the glassware in demineralized water
(3.19).
b) clean the inner surface of the glassware with hydrochloric acid (5.3) and rinse it with demineralized
water. For stainless steel, clean with nitric acid (5.3) and then rinse with demineralized water.
c) before use, rinse the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, at least three times using
preconditioning water before preconditioning (8.2) or test water before the test procedure (9.2.2).
6.2 Apparatus and materials for test piece preparation (see Annexes A, B and C)
6.2.1 Stainless steel
Stainless steel shall be austenitic, super austenitic or duplex grades in accordance with the corresponding
numerical designations, 1.4301, 1.4436, 1.4429, 1.4529 or 1.4462 in EN 10088-1 for stainless steels.
NOTE The grades above are specified for the use of stainless steel as reinforcement in concrete. Therefore, they
are considered to be inert when used in contact with cement based samples (see Annexes A, B and C).
6.2.2 Moulds for concrete or mortar
Moulds for preparing test pieces of concrete or mortar shall be made from alkali-resistant material that
does not interfere with analyses of migration waters.
A mould used to cast concrete test pieces shall normally give a test specimen with total surface area of
approximately 60 000 mm as appropriate to the tolerance permitted on S/V ratio, see Annex D.
NOTE High density polyethylene (HDPE) containers have been found to be satisfactory for this use.
Where steel moulds conforming to the requirements of EN 12390-1 are used, the joints shall not be
coated with any wax, oil or grease to achieve water tightness.
A mould used to cast mortar test pieces shall give a test specimen with total surface area of approximately
28 800 mm as appropriate to the tolerance permitted on S/V ratio, see Annex D
Other mould sizes for casting concrete or mortar may be used, provided the permitted tolerance on S/V
ratio can be achieved during testing, see Annex D.
Where a site-applied or site-formed cement based product is not suitable for casting in a mould, e.g. some
spray applied products, it should be applied and tested according to EN 14944-3.
6.2.3 Cleaning and use of moulds
Clean moulds and any filling frame used with a mould, by thoroughly washing with non-perfumed
detergent (5.3) and tap water (3.17), rinsing with copious amounts of tap water, followed by a final rinse
with demineralized water (3.18) and dry before use.
The use of release agents to coat the internal surfaces of moulds is not permitted by This document.
NOTE Release agents for use with site-applied or site-formed cement based materials are examples of
associated non-cement based materials and are tested in accordance with Annex C.
6.3 Apparatus and materials for preconditioning and migration procedure
6.3.1 Vessels, containers, covers, connectors and stoppers
Vessels, containers, covers, connectors and stoppers shall consist of a material, such as glass, PTFE, steel
and stainless steel that is inert under the specified test conditions (Clause 9).
6.3.2 Equipment
Equipment capable of maintaining the test temperature (Clause 9) within ±2 °C for the duration of the
test.
6.3.3 Sealants
If required, use only sealants that do not affect the determinations under the specified test conditions
(Clause 9).
7 Samples and test pieces
7.1 Sampling, transport and storage of samples
Carry out sampling of site-applied products/materials in accordance with the relevant product standard,
system standard or annex to this document, as appropriate.
NOTE See the national or European regulations for additional information.
Take care that the transport conditions do not influence the test results.
If it is necessary to store samples or test pieces before testing, ensure that they are protected from
contamination taking into account any written instructions that are provided.
Where appropriate, clean storage containers using the same procedures as used for the test containers.
Ensure that the surfaces of the test pieces intended to come into contact with the test water are free from
any contamination e.g. adhesive tape, labels, ink or pencil marks.
7.2 Preparation of test pieces
In the preparation of a test piece the following general principles apply:
a) ensure that test pieces are representative of the finished product;
b) ensure that the manufacturer’s recommendations are followed with respect to mixing and
compacting into the moulds;
c) during the preparation of test pieces, include any procedures which are performed in practice for
curing (but excluding the application of an applied curing compound) and cleaning;
d) ensure that the minimum age of the test piece, at test, conforms to that recommended by the
manufacturer for the product to be ready for use;
e) ensure that the surface area of the test piece is sufficient to fulfil the appropriate surface area to
volume (S/V) ratio in accordance with the requirements of 7.3.
7.3 Surface area to volume ratio (S/V) for use in the test procedure
The following principles apply for S/V ratios:
a) the surface area to volume ratio (S/V) of the test piece exposed to the test water shall not be smaller
than the S/V ratio of the product/material in the 'worst case' service condition;
b) the ratio of the surface area, S, of the test piece intended to come into contact with volume, V, of the
−1
test water is expressed per decimetre, i.e. dm ;
c) the applicant for the product/material under test shall state the maximum ('worst case') S/V ratio
for the use of the product or material in the service condition and this shall appear on his literature
and on report for this testing.
S/V ratio for use in the test procedure shall be as in Table 1.
Table 1 — S/V ratio for use in the test procedure
‘Worst case‘ S/V Ratio for the use of the S/V ratio in the test procedure
product or material in the service
condition
−1 Actual ‘worst case’ S/V ratio
> 5 dm
−1 −1 −1
> 1,3 dm and ≤ 5 dm 5 dm
−1 −1
≤ 1,3 dm 1,3 dm
-1 2 3 2
NOTE The unit, dm , can also be expressed as dm /dm or dm /L
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning)
8.1 General
The procedures for curing products and materials are given in the relevant Annexes A, B, or C. The
procedure for preconditioning at (23 ± 2) °C is given in 8.2.
8.2 Preconditioning
Precondition test pieces at the S/V ratio given in 7.3.
Immerse test pieces, see the test arrangements in Annex E, in the preconditioning water (5.2.1) for a
succession of five contact periods, without rinsing between contact periods, at a temperature of (23 ± 2)
°C as follows:
— Three periods of (24 ± 1) h;
— one period of (72 ± 1) h;
— one period of (24 ± 1) h.
After the fifth contact period determine the pH of the preconditioning water in accordance with
ISO 10523. If the pH exceeds 9,5 stop the testing.
Where the pH exceeds 9,5 preconditioning may be repeated using new test pieces.
The results of co-normative research [1] obtained using this preconditioning water indicate that where
the pH exceeds 9,5 after the fifth contact period, then steps should be taken to first investigate and then
eliminate the cause(s) before proceeding to the test procedure (Clause 9).
After preconditioning test pieces shall be rinsed with pre-conditioning water, the required tests shall be
carried out immediately afterwards in accordance with the test procedure (Clause 9).
9 Test procedure
9.1 General
Where testing of products/materials is required, at 23 °C, carry out the procedures according to 9.2.
Where testing at elevated temperatur
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