SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology - Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology - Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
The present document defines the requirements for radio frequency usage for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) location tracking devices. These devices operate in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 9 GHz and use a fixed infrastructure. It covers Ultra Wide Band location tracking tags which are attached to people or objects and are tracked using a fixed infrastructure. Operation is mainly indoors. Outdoor usage is only allowed under an adequate national licensing scheme.
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD), ki uporabljajo ultra širokopasovno (UWB) tehnologijo - Oprema za sledenje, ki deluje v frekvenčnem območju od 6 GHz do 8,5 GHz - 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using
Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology;
Location Tracking equipment operating in
the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31C-257-1
Keywords
radio, regulation, SRD, testing, UWB
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3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
2.1 Normative references.7
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirement specifications.9
4.1 General requirements.9
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.9
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .9
4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment .10
4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider .10
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.10
4.3.1 General.10
4.3.2 Controls.10
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.10
4.3.4 Marking.10
4.3.4.1 Equipment identification.10
4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user.10
4.4 Other device emissions.11
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .11
5.2 Test power source.11
5.2.1 External test power source.11
5.2.2 Internal test power source .11
5.3 Normal test conditions.12
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12
5.3.2 Normal test power source .12
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.12
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .12
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.12
6 General conditions.12
6.1 Normal test signals .12
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .12
6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter .13
7 Interpretation of results .13
7.1 Measurement uncertainty.13
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.14
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .15
8.1 General.15
8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.15
8.2.1 Definition.15
8.2.2 Methods of measurement.15
8.2.3 Limits.16
8.3 Frequency of highest maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.16
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
8.3.1 Definition.16
8.3.2 Methods of measurement.16
8.3.3 Limits.16
8.4 Maximum peak e.i.r.p.16
8.4.1 Definition.16
8.4.2 Methods of measurement.17
8.4.3 Limits.17
8.5 Minimum Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .18
8.5.1 Definitions.18
8.5.2 Declaration.18
8.5.3 Limits.18
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.18
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.18
9.1.1 Definition.18
9.1.2 Test procedure.18
9.1.3 Limit.19
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.20
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .20
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.20
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.21
A.1.3 Test antenna.22
A.1.4 Substitution antenna.23
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .23
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .23
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.23
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.23
A.2.4 Range length.24
A.2.5 Site preparation.24
A.2.6 General requirements for RF cables .25
A.3 Coupling of signals.25
A.3.1 General.25
A.3.2 Data Signals.25
A.4 Standard test position .25
A.5 Standard test methods.26
A.5.1 Calibrated setup.26
A.5.2 Substitution method.26
A.6 Standard calibration method.27
Annex B (normative): Technical performance of the spectrum analyser.30
Annex C (normative): Additional design requirements.31
C.1 Operation.31
C.2 Receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement.31
Annex D (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .32
Annex E (informative): Calculation of peak limit for 3 MHz measurement bandwidth.33
Annex F (informative): Bibliography.35
History .36
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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD) using
Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology; Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from
6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clause 4 provides a guide as to the number of samples required in order that type tests may be carried out, and any
markings on the equipment which the provider shall provide.
Clauses 5 and 6 give guidance on the test and general conditions for testing of the device.
Clause 7 gives the interpretation of results and maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses
provide details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Clause 9 specifies the receiver spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses provide
details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides information on the spectrum analyser specification.
Annex C (normative) provides information on additional design requirements for equipment covered by the present
document.
Annex D (informative) provides information on measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications.
Annex E (informative) provides information on peak measurements within a 3 MHz measurement bandwidth.
Annex F (informative) covers other supplementary information.
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for ultra-wideband location tracking equipment operating in all or part
of the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz.
The present document applies for indoor as well as portable or mobile outdoor applications.
It covers ultra-wideband location tracking tags which are attached to people or objects and tags are tracked using a fixed
receiver infrastructure to only receive the UWB emission emitted by the tags. Equipment covered by the present
document is fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for location tracking equipment and it
does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the
optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[4] CENELEC EN 55022:2006: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[5] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[6] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency
range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW".
[7] ETSI EN 300 440 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range".
[8] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[9] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters
(ERM): Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[10] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part
of the equipment
fixed-mounted station: station which is fixed mounted and which is not intended to be operated while in motion;
however, it behaves otherwise in the system like a mobile station
impulsive UWB signal: radiated, short transient ultra-wideband signal whose occupied bandwidth is defined by its
time duration rather than by frequency-hopping or other techniques
integral antenna: antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a standard connector and
considered to be part of the equipment
NOTE: An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally to the equipment.
Mobile Station (MS): station intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points
portable station: mobile station that is portable but cannot comfortably be carried around by a person due to weight
and/or size or having relatively high power consumption
provider: manufacturer or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
pulse: radiated short transient UWB signal whose time duration is nominally the reciprocal of its -10 dB bandwidth
NOTE: See ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [5].
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Ultra WideBand (UWB): equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range
radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over
a frequency range wider than 50 MHz, which may overlap several frequency bands allocated to radiocommunication
services
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
R distance
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MS Mobile Station
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
rms root mean square
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SRD Short Range Device
TX Transmitter
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Equipment supplied for testing against the present document shall be fitted with either an integral antenna or a
dedicated antenna.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over
which it is intended to operate.
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1.
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing.
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then tests need only be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources, setting up instructions and other product information shall accompany the equipment
when it is submitted for testing.
4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider
The provider shall declare the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical requirements
set by the present document.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment submitted by the provider or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in
accordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment
and services.
4.3.2 Controls
Those controls, which, if maladjusted, may increase the interfering potential of the equipment, shall not be easily
accessible to the user.
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility
If the equipment is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be possible to disable this feature for
the purposes of testing. See clause 8.
4.3.4 Marking
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the
equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual.
4.3.4.1 Equipment identification
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• The name of the manufacturer or his trademark.
• The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to a
particular equipment.
4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user
The following additional information shall be included in the users' manual:
• statements that the UWB transmitter equipment conforming to the present document shall not be:
- installed at a fixed outdoor location;
- installed or used in flying models, aircraft and other forms of aviation;
- installed or used in a road or rail vehicle.
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
4.4 Other device emissions
The equipment may contain digital circuit elements, radio circuit elements and other elements whose performance is not
covered by the present document. These elements of the equipment shall meet the appropriate performance
requirements for those components, as specified in other standards.
For example, a UWB device which may be connected to an office IT network should meet at least the requirements of
the present document (for the elements of the device concerned with radio communications), and the requirements of a
standard for EMC compatibility of IT equipment, such as EN 55022 [4] (for the elements of the device which are not
concerned with radio communications but are considered to be IT equipment).
NOTE: For further information on this topic see TR 102 070-2 [8].
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be performed under normal test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 and 5.3.
5.2 Test power source
The equipment shall be tested using the appropriate test power source as specified in clauses 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Where
equipment can be powered using either external or internal power sources, then equipment shall be tested using the
external test power source as specified in clause 5.2.1 then repeated using the internal power source as specified in
clause 5.2.2.
The test power source used shall be recorded and stated.
5.2.1 External test power source
During tests, the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source capable of producing
normal test voltages as specified in clause 5.3.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low
enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test
power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. The external test power source shall be suitably
de-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated measurements any
external power, leads shall be so arranged so as not to affect the measurements.
During tests, the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test.
5.2.2 Internal test power source
For radiated measurements on portable equipment with integral antenna, fully charged internal batteries shall be used.
The batteries used shall be as supplied or recommended by the provider. If internal batteries are used, at the end of each
test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ±5 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test.
If appropriate, the external test power source may replace the supplied or recommended internal batteries at the required
voltage, this shall be recorded and stated. In this case, the battery remains present, electrically isolated from the rest of
the equipment, possibly by putting tape over its contacts.
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be recorded and stated.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose
of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the
equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources
When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source the
normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.3 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the equipment provider. Such values shall be recorded and stated.
6 General conditions
6.1 Normal test signals
The test data that is used to modulate the transmitted signal for measurement of UWB emissions shall be similar to the
data transmitted in the actual operation of the equipment.
The provider shall state as part of the test report the UWB modulation characteristics of the equipment under test, to the
full extent necessary.
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated
measurements
The test site, test antenna and substitution antenna used for radiated measurements shall be as described in clause A.1.
For guidance on use of radiation test sites, coupling of signals and standard test positions used for radiated
measurements, see clauses A.2 to A.4.
Detailed descriptions of radiated measurement arrangements for UWB devices can be found in ITU-R Recommendation
SM.1754 [5].
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All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed
the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. To the extent practicable, the device under test should be
measured at the distance specified in clause A.2.4 and with the specified measurement bandwidths (see clause 8).
However, in order to obtain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement system, radiated measurements may
have to be made at distances less than those specified in clause A.2.4 and/or with reduced measurement bandwidths.
The revised measurement configuration shall be stated on the test report, together with an explanation of why the signal
levels involved necessitated measurement at the distance employed or with the measurement bandwidth used in order to
be accurately detected by the measurement equipment and calculations demonstrating compliance.
Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement bandwidth (either because of limitations of
commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings taken using one measurement bandwidth to
those used by the limits in tables 2 to 4, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device would
not clearly be within the far field, the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth used, the
near field/far field distance for the measurement setup (see clause A.2.4), the measured device emissions, the achievable
measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved.
6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter
For the purpose of the measurements according to the present document, there shall be a facility to operate the
transmitter in a continuous state, whereby a normal test signal (see clause 6.1) is transmitted repeatedly and
continuously. If pulse gating is employed where the transmitter is quiescent for intervals that are long compared to the
nominal pulse repetition interval, measurements shall be made with the pulse train gated on.
7 Interpretation of results
7.1 Measurement uncertainty
The interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall
be as follows:
• The measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document.
• The value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be separately included
in the test report.
• For each measurement, the value of the measurement uncertainty shall (wherever possible; see note below) be
equal to or lower than the figures in table 1, and the interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.1 shall be
used.
Table 1: Measurement uncertainty
Parameter Value
-7
Radio frequency
±1 × 10
Radiated emission of transmitter, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB
Radiated emission of receiver, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB
Temperature
±1 K
Humidity
±10 %
NOTE: For radiated emissions measurements below 3,8 GHz and above
10,6 GHz it may not be possible to reduce measurement uncertainty to
the levels specified in table 1 (due to the very low signal level limits and
the consequent requirement for high levels of amplification across wide
bandwidths). In these cases alone it is acceptable to employ the
alternative interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.2.
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14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
For the test methods, according to the present document the uncertainty figures shall be calculated according to the
methods described in TR 100 028 [1] and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2
(which provide confidence levels of respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in case where the distributions characterizing the
actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)).
Table 1 is based on such expansion factors.
The particular expansion factor used for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shall be stated.
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum
acceptable uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of
the standard.
b) When the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of
the standard.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method
used shall be recorded in the test report.
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable
uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician does not exceed the limit value the equipment
under test meets the requirements of the standard.
b) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician exceeds the limit value the equipment under test
does not meet the requirements of the standard.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method
used shall be recorded in the test report.
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry
UWB transmitters emit very low power radio signals, comparable with the power of spurious emissions from digital
and analogue circuitry. If it can be clearly demonstrated that an emission from an ultra-wideband device is unintentional
and is not radiated from the transmitter's antenna (e.g. by disabling the device's UWB transmitter or internally
disconnecting the UWB antenna), that emission shall be considered against the receiver spurious emissions limits (see
clause 9).
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15 Final draft ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter
parameters
8.1 General
Where the transmitter is designed with an adjustable output power, then all transmitter parameters shall be measured
using the highest power level, as declared by the provider.
The receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement functionality shall be disabled to aid the testing of the transmitter
parameters.
Similarly, if the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be made inoperative for
the duration of the test.
The submitted equipment shall fulfil the requirements of the stated measurement.
8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density
8.2.1 Definition
The maximum mean equivalent isotropically radiated power spectral density of the device under test at a particular
frequency is the mean power per unit bandwidth (centred on that frequency) radiated in the direction o
...
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using
Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology;
Location Tracking equipment operating in
the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods
2 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31C-257-1
Keywords
radio, regulation, SRD, testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
2.1 Normative references.7
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirement specifications.9
4.1 General requirements.9
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.9
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .10
4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment .10
4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider .10
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.10
4.3.1 General.10
4.3.2 Controls.10
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.10
4.3.4 Marking.10
4.3.4.1 Equipment identification.10
4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user.10
4.4 Other device emissions.11
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .11
5.2 Test power source.11
5.2.1 External test power source.11
5.2.2 Internal test power source .11
5.3 Normal test conditions.12
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12
5.3.2 Normal test power source .12
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.12
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .12
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.12
6 General conditions.12
6.1 Normal test signals .12
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements .12
6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter .13
7 Interpretation of results .13
7.1 Measurement uncertainty.13
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.14
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .15
8.1 General.15
8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.15
8.2.1 Definition.15
8.2.2 Methods of measurement.15
8.2.3 Limits.16
8.3 Frequency of highest maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.16
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4 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
8.3.1 Definition.16
8.3.2 Methods of measurement.16
8.3.3 Limits.16
8.4 Maximum peak e.i.r.p.16
8.4.1 Definition.16
8.4.2 Methods of measurement.17
8.4.3 Limits.17
8.5 Minimum Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .18
8.5.1 Definitions.18
8.5.2 Declaration.18
8.5.3 Limits.18
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.18
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.18
9.1.1 Definition.18
9.1.2 Test procedure.18
9.1.3 Limit.19
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.20
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .20
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.20
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.21
A.1.3 Test antenna.22
A.1.4 Substitution antenna.23
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .23
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .23
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.23
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.23
A.2.4 Range length.24
A.2.5 Site preparation.24
A.2.6 General requirements for RF cables .25
A.3 Coupling of signals.25
A.3.1 General.25
A.3.2 Data Signals.25
A.4 Standard test position .25
A.5 Standard test methods.26
A.5.1 Calibrated setup.26
A.5.2 Substitution method.26
A.6 Standard calibration method.27
Annex B (normative): Technical performance of the spectrum analyser.30
Annex C (normative): Additional design requirements.31
C.1 Operation.31
C.2 Receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement.31
Annex D (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .32
Annex E (informative): Calculation of peak limit for 3 MHz measurement bandwidth.33
Annex F (informative): Bibliography.35
History .36
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD) using
Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology; Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to
8,5 GHz, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clause 4 provides a guide as to the number of samples required in order that type tests may be carried out, and any
markings on the equipment which the provider shall provide.
Clauses 5 and 6 give guidance on the test and general conditions for testing of the device.
Clause 7 gives the interpretation of results and maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses
provide details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Clause 9 specifies the receiver spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses provide
details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides information on the spectrum analyser specification.
Annex C (normative) provides information on additional design requirements for equipment covered by the present
document.
Annex D (informative) provides information on measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications.
Annex E (informative) provides information on peak measurements within a 3 MHz measurement bandwidth.
Annex F (informative) covers other supplementary information.
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 27 June 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2009
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2009
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for ultra-wideband location tracking equipment operating in all or part
of the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz.
The present document applies for indoor as well as portable or mobile outdoor applications.
It covers ultra-wideband location tracking tags which are attached to people or objects and tags are tracked using a fixed
receiver infrastructure to only receive the UWB emission emitted by the tags. Equipment covered by the present
document is fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for location tracking equipment and it
does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the
optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
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8 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] CENELEC EN 55022:2006: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.3] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency
range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW".
[i.4] ETSI EN 300 440 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range".
[i.5] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters
(ERM): Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[i.7] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part
of the equipment
fixed-mounted station: station which is fixed mounted and which is not intended to be operated while in motion;
however, it behaves otherwise in the system like a mobile station
impulsive UWB signal: radiated, short transient ultra-wideband signal whose occupied bandwidth is defined by its
time duration rather than by frequency-hopping or other techniques
integral antenna: antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a standard connector and
considered to be part of the equipment
NOTE: An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally to the equipment.
Mobile Station (MS): station intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points
portable station: mobile station that is portable but cannot comfortably be carried around by a person due to weight
and/or size or having relatively high power consumption
provider: manufacturer or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
pulse: radiated short transient UWB signal whose time duration is nominally the reciprocal of its -10 dB bandwidth
NOTE: See ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.2].
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
Ultra WideBand (UWB): equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range
radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over
a frequency range wider than 50 MHz, which may overlap several frequency bands allocated to radiocommunication
services
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
R distance
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MS Mobile Station
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
rms root mean square
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SRD Short Range Device
TX Transmitter
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Equipment supplied for testing against the present document shall be fitted with either an integral antenna or a
dedicated antenna.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over
which it is intended to operate.
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1.
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing.
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then tests need only be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources, setting up instructions and other product information shall accompany the equipment
when it is submitted for testing.
4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider
The provider shall declare the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical requirements
set by the present document.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment submitted by the provider or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in
accordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment
and services.
4.3.2 Controls
Those controls, which, if maladjusted, may increase the interfering potential of the equipment, shall not be easily
accessible to the user.
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility
If the equipment is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be possible to disable this feature for
the purposes of testing. See clause 8.
4.3.4 Marking
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the
equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual.
4.3.4.1 Equipment identification
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• The name of the manufacturer or his trademark.
• The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to a
particular equipment.
4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user
The following additional information shall be included in the users' manual:
• statements that the UWB transmitter equipment conforming to the present document shall not be:
- installed at a fixed outdoor location;
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
- installed or used in flying models, aircraft and other forms of aviation;
- installed or used in a road or rail vehicle.
4.4 Other device emissions
The equipment may contain digital circuit elements, radio circuit elements and other elements whose performance is not
covered by the present document. These elements of the equipment shall meet the appropriate performance
requirements for those components, as specified in other standards.
For example, a UWB device which may be connected to an office IT network should meet at least the requirements of
the present document (for the elements of the device concerned with radio communications), and the requirements of a
standard for EMC compatibility of IT equipment, such as EN 55022 [i.1] (for the elements of the device which are not
concerned with radio communications but are considered to be IT equipment).
NOTE: For further information on this topic see TR 102 070-2 [i.5].
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be performed under normal test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 and 5.3.
5.2 Test power source
The equipment shall be tested using the appropriate test power source as specified in clauses 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Where
equipment can be powered using either external or internal power sources, then equipment shall be tested using the
external test power source as specified in clause 5.2.1 then repeated using the internal power source as specified in
clause 5.2.2.
The test power source used shall be recorded and stated.
5.2.1 External test power source
During tests, the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source capable of producing
normal test voltages as specified in clause 5.3.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low
enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test
power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. The external test power source shall be suitably
de-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated measurements any
external power, leads shall be so arranged so as not to affect the measurements.
During tests, the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test.
5.2.2 Internal test power source
For radiated measurements on portable equipment with integral antenna, fully charged internal batteries shall be used.
The batteries used shall be as supplied or recommended by the provider. If internal batteries are used, at the end of each
test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ±5 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test.
If appropriate, the external test power source may replace the supplied or recommended internal batteries at the required
voltage, this shall be recorded and stated. In this case, the battery remains present, electrically isolated from the rest of
the equipment, possibly by putting tape over its contacts.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be recorded and stated.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose
of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the
equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources
When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source the
normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.3 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the equipment provider. Such values shall be recorded and stated.
6 General conditions
6.1 Normal test signals
The test data that is used to modulate the transmitted signal for measurement of UWB emissions shall be similar to the
data transmitted in the actual operation of the equipment.
The provider shall state as part of the test report the UWB modulation characteristics of the equipment under test, to the
full extent necessary.
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated
measurements
The test site, test antenna and substitution antenna used for radiated measurements shall be as described in clause A.1.
For guidance on use of radiation test sites, coupling of signals and standard test positions used for radiated
measurements, see clauses A.2 to A.4.
Detailed descriptions of radiated measurement arrangements for UWB devices can be found in ITU-R Recommendation
SM.1754 [i.2].
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed
the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. To the extent practicable, the device under test should be
measured at the distance specified in clause A.2.4 and with the specified measurement bandwidths (see clause 8).
However, in order to obtain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement system, radiated measurements may
have to be made at distances less than those specified in clause A.2.4 and/or with reduced measurement bandwidths.
The revised measurement configuration shall be stated on the test report, together with an explanation of why the signal
levels involved necessitated measurement at the distance employed or with the measurement bandwidth used in order to
be accurately detected by the measurement equipment and calculations demonstrating compliance.
Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement bandwidth (either because of limitations of
commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings taken using one measurement bandwidth to
those used by the limits in tables 2 to 4, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device would
not clearly be within the far field, the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth used, the
near field/far field distance for the measurement setup (see clause A.2.4), the measured device emissions, the achievable
measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved.
6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter
For the purpose of the measurements according to the present document, there shall be a facility to operate the
transmitter in a continuous state, whereby a normal test signal (see clause 6.1) is transmitted repeatedly and
continuously. If pulse gating is employed where the transmitter is quiescent for intervals that are long compared to the
nominal pulse repetition interval, measurements shall be made with the pulse train gated on.
7 Interpretation of results
7.1 Measurement uncertainty
The interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall
be as follows:
• The measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document.
• The value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be separately included
in the test report.
• For each measurement, the value of the measurement uncertainty shall (wherever possible; see note below) be
equal to or lower than the figures in table 1, and the interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.1 shall be
used.
Table 1: Measurement uncertainty
Parameter Value
-7
Radio frequency
±1 × 10
Radiated emission of transmitter, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB
Radiated emission of receiver, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB
Temperature
±1 K
Humidity
±10 %
NOTE: For radiated emissions measurements below 3,8 GHz and above
10,6 GHz it may not be possible to reduce measurement uncertainty to
the levels specified in table 1 (due to the very low signal level limits and
the consequent requirement for high levels of amplification across wide
bandwidths). In these cases alone it is acceptable to employ the
alternative interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.2.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
For the test methods, according to the present document the uncertainty figures shall be calculated according to the
methods described in TR 100 028 [1] and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2
(which provide confidence levels of respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in case where the distributions characterizing the
actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)).
Table 1 is based on such expansion factors.
The particular expansion factor used for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shall be stated.
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum
acceptable uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of
the standard.
b) When the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of
the standard.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method
used shall be recorded in the test report.
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable
uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician does not exceed the limit value the equipment
under test meets the requirements of the standard.
b) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician exceeds the limit value the equipment under test
does not meet the requirements of the standard.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method
used shall be recorded in the test report.
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry
UWB transmitters emit very low power radio signals, comparable with the power of spurious emissions from digital
and analogue circuitry. If it can be clearly demonstrated that an emission from an ultra-wideband device is unintentional
and is not radiated from the transmitter's antenna (e.g. by disabling the device's UWB transmitter or internally
disconnecting the UWB antenna), that emission shall be considered against the receiver spurious emissions limits (see
clause 9).
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06)
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter
parameters
8.1 General
Where the transmitter is designed with an adjustable output power, then all transmitter parameters shall be measured
using the highest power level, as declared by the provider.
The receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement functionality shall be disabled to aid the testing of the transmitter
parameters.
Similarly, if the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be made inoperative for
the duration of the test.
The submitted equipment shall fulfil the requirements of the stated measurement.
8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density
8.2.1 Definition
The maximum mean equivalent isotropically radiated power spectral density of the device under test at a particular
frequency is the mean power per unit bandwidth (centred on that frequency) radiated in the direction of the maximum
level under the specified conditions of measurement.
8.2.2 Methods of measurement
Measurements shall be made using one of the techniques presented in clause A.5.
The measurement receiver used shall be a spectrum analyser which
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology - Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 500-1 Version 1.2.1SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008en01-oktober-2008SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSI ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06) 2
Reference REN/ERM-TG31C-257-1 Keywords radio, regulation, SRD, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
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Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
ETSI ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06) 3
Contents Intellectual Property Rights.5 Foreword.5 1 Scope.7 2 References.7 2.1 Normative references.7 2.2 Informative references.8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.8 3.1 Definitions.8 3.2 Symbols.9 3.3 Abbreviations.9 4 Technical requirement specifications.9 4.1 General requirements.9 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.9 4.2.1 Choice of model for testing.10 4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment.10 4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider.10 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.10 4.3.1 General.10 4.3.2 Controls.10 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.10 4.3.4 Marking.10 4.3.4.1 Equipment identification.10 4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user.10 4.4 Other device emissions.11 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures.11 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions.11 5.2 Test power source.11 5.2.1 External test power source.11 5.2.2 Internal test power source.11 5.3 Normal test conditions.12 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12 5.3.2 Normal test power source.12 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.12 5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources.12 5.3.2.3 Other power sources.12 6 General conditions.12 6.1 Normal test signals.12 6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements.12 6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter.13 7 Interpretation of results.13 7.1 Measurement uncertainty.13 7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14 7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty.14 7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.14 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters.15 8.1 General.15 8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.15 8.2.1 Definition.15 8.2.2 Methods of measurement.15 8.2.3 Limits.16 8.3 Frequency of highest maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density.16 SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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8.3.1 Definition.16 8.3.2 Methods of measurement.16 8.3.3 Limits.16 8.4 Maximum peak e.i.r.p.16 8.4.1 Definition.16 8.4.2 Methods of measurement.17 8.4.3 Limits.17 8.5 Minimum Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF).18 8.5.1 Definitions.18 8.5.2 Declaration.18 8.5.3 Limits.18 9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.18 9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.18 9.1.1 Definition.18 9.1.2 Test procedure.18 9.1.3 Limit.19 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.20 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.20 A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.20 A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.21 A.1.3 Test antenna.22 A.1.4 Substitution antenna.23 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.23 A.2.1 Verification of the test site.23 A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.23 A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.23 A.2.4 Range length.24 A.2.5 Site preparation.24 A.2.6 General requirements for RF cables.25 A.3 Coupling of signals.25 A.3.1 General.25 A.3.2 Data Signals.25 A.4 Standard test position.25 A.5 Standard test methods.26 A.5.1 Calibrated setup.26 A.5.2 Substitution method.26 A.6 Standard calibration method.27 Annex B (normative): Technical performance of the spectrum analyser.30 Annex C (normative): Additional design requirements.31 C.1 Operation.31 C.2 Receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement.31 Annex D (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications.32 Annex E (informative): Calculation of peak limit for 3 MHz measurement bandwidth.33 Annex F (informative): Bibliography.35 History.36
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Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra WideBand (UWB) technology; Location Tracking equipment operating in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the definitions and abbreviations used. Clause 4 provides a guide as to the number of samples required in order that type tests may be carried out, and any markings on the equipment which the provider shall provide. Clauses 5 and 6 give guidance on the test and general conditions for testing of the device. Clause 7 gives the interpretation of results and maximum measurement uncertainty values. Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses provide details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied. Clause 9 specifies the receiver spectrum utilization parameters which are required to be measured. The clauses provide details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied. Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements. Annex B (normative) provides information on the spectrum analyser specification. Annex C (normative) provides information on additional design requirements for equipment covered by the present document. Annex D (informative) provides information on measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications. Annex E (informative) provides information on peak measurements within a 3 MHz measurement bandwidth. Annex F (informative) covers other supplementary information.
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National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 27 June 2008 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2008 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 March 2009 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2009
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1 Scope The present document specifies the requirements for ultra-wideband location tracking equipment operating in all or part of the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz. The present document applies for indoor as well as portable or mobile outdoor applications. It covers ultra-wideband location tracking tags which are attached to people or objects and tags are tracked using a fixed receiver infrastructure to only receive the UWB emission emitted by the tags. Equipment covered by the present document is fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for location tracking equipment and it does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [2] CISPR 16-1-1 (2006): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus". [3] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference". SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] CENELEC EN 55022:2006: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement". [i.2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions". [i.3] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW". [i.4] ETSI EN 300 440 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range". [i.5] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum". [i.6] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM): Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [i.7] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment fixed-mounted station: station which is fixed mounted and which is not intended to be operated while in motion; however, it behaves otherwise in the system like a mobile station impulsive UWB signal: radiated, short transient ultra-wideband signal whose occupied bandwidth is defined by its time duration rather than by frequency-hopping or other techniques integral antenna: antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a standard connector and considered to be part of the equipment NOTE: An integral antenna may be fitted internally or externally to the equipment. Mobile Station (MS): station intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points portable station: mobile station that is portable but cannot comfortably be carried around by a person due to weight and/or size or having relatively high power consumption provider: manufacturer or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market pulse: radiated short transient UWB signal whose time duration is nominally the reciprocal of its -10 dB bandwidth NOTE: See ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.2]. radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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Ultra WideBand (UWB): equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz, which may overlap several frequency bands allocated to radiocommunication services 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel R distance λ wavelength 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EUT Equipment Under Test LNA Low Noise Amplifier MS Mobile Station PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RBW Resolution BandWidth RF Radio Frequency rms root mean square SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SRD Short Range Device TX Transmitter UWB Ultra WideBand VBW Video BandWidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Technical requirement specifications 4.1 General requirements Equipment supplied for testing against the present document shall be fitted with either an integral antenna or a dedicated antenna. 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Each equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1. These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies. SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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4.2.1 Choice of model for testing The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing. If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then tests need only be performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory. 4.2.1.1 Auxiliary test equipment All necessary test signal sources, setting up instructions and other product information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing. 4.2.1.2 Declarations by the provider The provider shall declare the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical requirements set by the present document. 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design 4.3.1 General The equipment submitted by the provider or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services. 4.3.2 Controls Those controls, which, if maladjusted, may increase the interfering potential of the equipment, shall not be easily accessible to the user. 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility If the equipment is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be possible to disable this feature for the purposes of testing. See clause 8. 4.3.4 Marking The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual. 4.3.4.1 Equipment identification The marking shall include as a minimum: • The name of the manufacturer or his trademark. • The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to a particular equipment. 4.3.4.2 Additional information for the user The following additional information shall be included in the users' manual: • statements that the UWB transmitter equipment conforming to the present document shall not be: - installed at a fixed outdoor location; SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
ETSI ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06) 11
- installed or used in flying models, aircraft and other forms of aviation; - installed or used in a road or rail vehicle. 4.4 Other device emissions The equipment may contain digital circuit elements, radio circuit elements and other elements whose performance is not covered by the present document. These elements of the equipment shall meet the appropriate performance requirements for those components, as specified in other standards. For example, a UWB device which may be connected to an office IT network should meet at least the requirements of the present document (for the elements of the device concerned with radio communications), and the requirements of a standard for EMC compatibility of IT equipment, such as EN 55022 [i.1] (for the elements of the device which are not concerned with radio communications but are considered to be IT equipment). NOTE: For further information on this topic see TR 102 070-2 [i.5]. 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Testing shall be performed under normal test conditions. The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 and 5.3. 5.2 Test power source The equipment shall be tested using the appropriate test power source as specified in clauses 5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Where equipment can be powered using either external or internal power sources, then equipment shall be tested using the external test power source as specified in clause 5.2.1 then repeated using the internal power source as specified in clause 5.2.2. The test power source used shall be recorded and stated. 5.2.1 External test power source During tests, the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source capable of producing normal test voltages as specified in clause 5.3.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. The external test power source shall be suitably de-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated measurements any external power, leads shall be so arranged so as not to affect the measurements. During tests, the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test.
5.2.2 Internal test power source For radiated measurements on portable equipment with integral antenna, fully charged internal batteries shall be used. The batteries used shall be as supplied or recommended by the provider. If internal batteries are used, at the end of each test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ±5 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test.
If appropriate, the external test power source may replace the supplied or recommended internal batteries at the required voltage, this shall be recorded and stated. In this case, the battery remains present, electrically isolated from the rest of the equipment, possibly by putting tape over its contacts. SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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5.3 Normal test conditions 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: • temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; • relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect stating the ambient temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be recorded and stated. 5.3.2 Normal test power source 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz. 5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (6 V, 12 V, etc.). 5.3.2.3 Other power sources For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the equipment provider. Such values shall be recorded and stated. 6 General conditions 6.1 Normal test signals The test data that is used to modulate the transmitted signal for measurement of UWB emissions shall be similar to the data transmitted in the actual operation of the equipment. The provider shall state as part of the test report the UWB modulation characteristics of the equipment under test, to the full extent necessary. 6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements The test site, test antenna and substitution antenna used for radiated measurements shall be as described in clause A.1. For guidance on use of radiation test sites, coupling of signals and standard test positions used for radiated measurements, see clauses A.2 to A.4. Detailed descriptions of radiated measurement arrangements for UWB devices can be found in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.2]. SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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All reasonable efforts should be made to clearly demonstrate that emissions from the UWB transmitter do not exceed the specified levels, with the transmitter in the far field. To the extent practicable, the device under test should be measured at the distance specified in clause A.2.4 and with the specified measurement bandwidths (see clause 8). However, in order to obtain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement system, radiated measurements may have to be made at distances less than those specified in clause A.2.4 and/or with reduced measurement bandwidths. The revised measurement configuration shall be stated on the test report, together with an explanation of why the signal levels involved necessitated measurement at the distance employed or with the measurement bandwidth used in order to be accurately detected by the measurement equipment and calculations demonstrating compliance.
Where it is not practical to further reduce the measurement bandwidth (either because of limitations of
commonly-available test equipment or difficulties in converting readings taken using one measurement bandwidth to those used by the limits in tables 2 to 4, and the required measurement distance would be so short that the device would not clearly be within the far field, the test report shall state this fact, the measurement distance and bandwidth used, the near field/far field distance for the measurement setup (see clause A.2.4), the measured device emissions, the achievable measurement noise floor and the frequency range(s) involved. 6.3 Modes of operation of the transmitter For the purpose of the measurements according to the present document, there shall be a facility to operate the transmitter in a continuous state, whereby a normal test signal (see clause 6.1) is transmitted repeatedly and continuously. If pulse gating is employed where the transmitter is quiescent for intervals that are long compared to the nominal pulse repetition interval, measurements shall be made with the pulse train gated on. 7 Interpretation of results 7.1 Measurement uncertainty The interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: • The measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document. • The value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be separately included in the test report. • For each measurement, the value of the measurement uncertainty shall (wherever possible; see note below) be equal to or lower than the figures in table 1, and the interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.1 shall be used. Table 1: Measurement uncertainty Parameter Value Radio frequency ±1 × 10-7 Radiated emission of transmitter, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB Radiated emission of receiver, valid to 30 GHz ±6 dB Temperature ±1 K Humidity ±10 % NOTE: For radiated emissions measurements below 3,8 GHz and above
10,6 GHz it may not be possible to reduce measurement uncertainty to the levels specified in table 1 (due to the very low signal level limits and the consequent requirement for high levels of amplification across wide bandwidths). In these cases alone it is acceptable to employ the alternative interpretation procedure specified in clause 7.1.2.
ETSI ETSI EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1 (2008-06) 14
For the test methods, according to the present document the uncertainty figures shall be calculated according to the methods described in TR 100 028 [1] and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in case where the distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)). Table 1 is based on such expansion factors. The particular expansion factor used for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shall be stated. 7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows: a) When the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of the standard. b) When the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of the standard. c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded in the test report. d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method used shall be recorded in the test report. 7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows: a) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of the standard. b) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of the standard. c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded in the test report. d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement untaken. The method used shall be recorded in the test report. 7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry UWB transmitters emit very low power radio signals, comparable with the power of spurious emissions from digital and analogue circuitry. If it can be clearly demonstrated that an emission from an ultra-wideband device is unintentional and is not radiated from the transmitter's antenna (e.g. by disabling the device's UWB transmitter or internally disconnecting the UWB antenna), that emission shall be considered against the receiver spurious emissions limits (see clause 9). SIST EN 302 500-1 V1.2.1:2008
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8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters 8.1 General Where the transmitter is designed with an adjustable output power, then all transmitter parameters shall be measured using the highest power level, as declared by the provider. The receipt-of-reception-acknowledgement functionality shall be disabled to aid the testing of the transmitter parameters. Similarly, if the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it shall be made inoperative for the duration of the test. The submitted equipment shall fulfil the requirements of the stated measurement. 8.2 Maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density 8.2.1 Definition The maximum mean equivalent isotropically radiated power spectral density of the device under test at a particular frequency is the mean power per unit bandwidth (centred on that frequency) radiated in the direction of the maximum level under the specified conditions of measurement. 8.2.2 Methods of measurement Measurements shall be made using one of the techniques presented in clause A.5. The measurement receiver used shall be a spectrum analyser which meets at least the requirements of annex B. Measurements shall be carried out over the frequency range from 30 MHz to 18 GHz (see note 3). When measuring maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density from the
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