SIST EN 62563-1:2010
(Main)Medical electrical equipment - Medical image display systems - Part 1: Evaluation methods (IEC 62563-1:2009)
Medical electrical equipment - Medical image display systems - Part 1: Evaluation methods (IEC 62563-1:2009)
This part of IEC 62563 describes the evaluation methods for testing medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS. The scope of this International Standard is directed to practical tests that can be visually evaluated or measured using basic test equipment. More advanced or more quantitative measurements can be performed on these devices, but these are beyond the scope of this document. This standard applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS, which can display monochrome image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and greyscale IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS (e.g. CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) monitors, FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS, PROJECTION SYSTEM). This standard applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS used for diagnostic (interpretation of medical images toward rendering clinical diagnosis) or viewing (viewing medical images for medical purposes other than for providing a medical interpretation) purposes and therefore having specific requirements in terms of image quality. Head mounted IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS and IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS used for confirming positioning and for operation of the system are not covered by this standard. It is not in the scope of this standard to define the requirements of acceptance and constancy tests nor the frequencies of constancy tests.
Medizinische elektrische Geräte - Medizinische Bildwiedergabesysteme - Teil 1: Bewertungsmethoden (IEC 62563-1:2009)
Appareils électromédicaux - Systèmes d’imagerie médicale - Partie 1: Méthodes d’évaluation (CEI 62563-1:2009)
La CEI 62563-1:2009 décrit les méthodes d'évaluation utilisées pour les essais des systèmes d'imagerie médicale. Elle est destinée aux essais pratiques pouvant faire l'objet d'une évaluation ou d'une mesure visuelle en utilisant un appareillage d'essai de base. Des mesures plus approfondies ou plus quantitatives peuvent être effectuées sur ces dispositifs, ces mesures ne relevant toutefois pas du domaine d'application du présent document. La CEI 62563-1:2009 s'applique aux systèmes d'imagerie médicale qui peuvent afficher des informations sous forme d'images monochromes selon des valeurs d'échelle des gris sur des systèmes d'imagerie couleur et à échelle des gris (par exemple moniteurs a tubes cathodiques, écrans plats, système de projection). La présente norme s'applique aux systèmes d'imagerie médicale utilisés à des fins de diagnostic (interprétation des images médicales en vue d'un diagnostic clinique) ou d'observation (visualisation d'images médicales dans le cadre d'interventions autres que celles destinées à une interprétation médicale), auxquels sont par conséquent associées des exigences spécifiques en termes de qualité de l'image. Les systèmes d'imagerie de tête et les systèmes d'imagerie utilisés pour confirmer le positionnement et pour l'exploitation du système ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme.
Medicinska električna oprema - Sistemi za prikazovanje medicinskih slik - 1. del: Metode vrednotenja (IEC 62563-1:2009)
Ta del IEC 62563 opisuje metode vrednotenja za preskušanje SISTEMOV ZA PRIKAZOVANJE medicinskih SLIK. Področje uporabe tega mednarodnega standarda je usmerjeno v praktične preskuse, ki so lahko vidno ovrednoteni ali merjeni z uporabo osnovne preskusne opreme. Na teh napravah se lahko izvajajo naprednejše ali bolj kvantitativne meritve, vendar so te izven področja uporabe tega dokumenta. Ta standard velja za sisteme za prikazovanje medicinskih slik, ki lahko prikazujejo monokromatične informacije o sliki na način črno-belih vrednosti na barvnih in črno-belih SISTEMIH ZA PRIKAZOVANJE SLIK (npr. monitorji Z KATODNIMI CEVMI (CRT), PLOŠČATI ZASLONI, SISTEM PROJEKCIJE). Ta standard velja za SISTEME ZA PRIKAZOVANJE medicinskih SLIK, ki se uporabljajo za diagnozo (razlaga medicinskih slik za klinično diagnozo) ali ogledovanje (ogledovanje medicinskih slik za druge medicinske namene, kot je zagotavljanje medicinske razlage) in imajo zato določene zahteve glede kvalitete slike. SISTEMI ZA PRIKAZOVANJE SLIK na podstavkih in SISTEMI ZA PRIKAZOVANJE SLIK, ki se uporabljajo za potrjevanje pozicije in za delovanje sistema, niso zajeti v tem standardu. V področju uporabe tega standarda ni določitve zahtev sprejemnih in trajnostnih preskusov niti frekvenc trajnostnih preskusov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62563-1:2010
01-maj-2010
0HGLFLQVNDHOHNWULþQDRSUHPD6LVWHPL]DSULND]RYDQMHPHGLFLQVNLKVOLNGHO
0HWRGHYUHGQRWHQMD ,(&
Medical electrical equipment - Medical image display systems - Part 1: Evaluation
methods (IEC 62563-1:2009)
Medizinische elektrische Geräte - Medizinische Bildwiedergabesysteme - Teil 1:
Bewertungsmethoden (IEC 62563-1:2009)
Appareils électromédicaux - Systèmes d’imagerie médicale - Partie 1: Méthodes
d’évaluation (CEI 62563-1:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62563-1:2010
ICS:
11.040.55 'LDJQRVWLþQDRSUHPD Diagnostic equipment
SIST EN 62563-1:2010 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62563-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.040.55
English version
Medical electrical equipment -
Medical image display systems -
Part 1: Evaluation methods
(IEC 62563-1:2009)
Appareils électromédicaux - Medizinische elektrische Geräte -
Systèmes d’imagerie médicale - Medizinische Bildwiedergabesysteme -
Partie 1: Méthodes d’évaluation Teil 1: Bewertungsmethoden
(CEI 62563-1:2009) (IEC 62563-1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-03-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62563-1:2010 E
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
EN 62563-1:2010 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 62B/743/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 62563-1, prepared by SC 62B, Diagnostic
imaging equipment, of IEC TC 62, Electrical equipment in medical practice, was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62563-1 on 2010-03-01.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2010-12-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-03-01
In this standard, the following print types are used:
– requirements and definitions: roman type;
– informative material appearing outside of tables, such as notes, examples and references: in smaller type. Normative text of
tables is also in a smaller type;
– TERMS DEFINED IN CLAUSE 3 OF THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, OR AS NOTED: SMALL CAPITALS.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62563-1:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
[1] ISO 9241-302 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-302.
[19] IEC 61223-2-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61223-2-5.
[20] ISO 9241-303 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-303.
[21] ISO 9241-305 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-305.
[22] ISO 9241-307 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-307.
__________
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC/TR 60788 2004 Medical electrical equipment - - -
Glossary of defined terms
ISO 11664-1 2007 Colorimetry - - -
Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
CIE S010/E 2004 Photometry - The CIE system of physical - -
photometry
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
IEC 62563-1
®
Edition 1.0 2009-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment – Medical image display systems –
Part 1: Evaluation methods
Appareils électromédicaux – Systèmes d’imagerie médicale –
Partie 1: Méthodes d’évaluation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XA
CODE PRIX
ICS 11.040.55 ISBN 2-8318-1073-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
– 2 – 62563-1 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations.7
3.1 Terms and definitions .7
3.2 Symbols .10
3.3 Abbreviations .11
4 General .11
5 Prerequisites .11
6 Equipment and tools.12
6.1 LUMINANCE meter .12
6.2 ILLUMINANCE meter.12
6.3 Colour meter .12
6.4 TEST PATTERNS .13
7 Evaluation methods .14
7.1 General .14
7.2 Evaluation method table overview .14
7.3 Visual evaluation methods.16
7.3.1 General .16
7.3.2 Overall image quality evaluation .16
7.3.3 Greyscale resolution evaluation.17
7.3.4 LUMINANCE response evaluation.18
7.3.5 LUMINANCE uniformity evaluation.19
7.3.6 Chromaticity evaluation .19
7.3.7 Pixel faults evaluation.19
7.3.8 VEILING GLARE evaluation .20
7.3.9 Geometrical image evaluation.20
7.3.10 Angular viewing evaluation .21
7.3.11 Clinical evaluation .22
7.4 Quantitative evaluation methods.22
7.4.1 Basic LUMINANCE evaluation.22
7.4.2 Basic LUMINANCE evaluation without ambient light .23
7.4.3 LUMINANCE response evaluation.23
7.4.4 LUMINANCE evaluation of multiple displays .26
7.4.5 Chromaticity evaluation .26
7.4.6 Chromaticity evaluation of multiple displays.26
7.4.7 LUMINANCE uniformity evaluation.26
7.4.8 Viewing angle evaluation .26
Annex A (informative) Sample test reports .28
Annex B (informative) LUMINANCE measurement methods .43
Annex C (informative) Description of TEST PATTERNS .46
Bibliography.55
Index of defined terms .57
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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Figure 1 – Overall image quality evaluation using the TG18-QC TEST PATTERN.16
Figure 2 – Overall image quality evaluation using the TG18-OIQ TEST PATTERN.17
Figure 3 – Magnified view of TG18-MP TEST PATTERN showing the 8-bit and 10-bit
markers .18
Figure 4 – A close-up of the TG18-CT TEST PATTERN.19
Figure 5 – The TG18-GV TEST PATTERN is displayed (left), a close-up of the centre of
the TEST PATTERN when covered with a mask (right) .20
Figure 6 – Geometrical evaluation using the GD pattern .21
Figure 7 – Visual evaluation of viewing angle response .22
Figure 8 – Example of the measured LUMINANCE in relation to the standard LUMINANCE
response function according to GREYSCALE STANDARD DISPLAY FUNCTION (GSDF) .25
Figure 9 – An example of the CONTRAST response computed from 18 grey levels as
related to the expected CONTRAST response associated with the DICOM 3.14 [2]
standard LUMINANCE response with a given tolerance limit (e.g. 15 %) [10].25
Figure B.1 – Method A, telescopic method .43
Figure B.2 – Method B, near-range LUMINANCE meter in combination with an
ILLUMINANCE meter .44
Figure B.3 – Method C, frontal integrated LUMINANCE meter in combination with
ILLUMINANCE meter .44
Figure B.4 – Method D, back integrated LUMINANCE meter in combination with
ILLUMINANCE meter .45
Figure C.1 – Example of TG-18 QC pattern for a matrix size of 1536 × 2048.54
Table 1 – Overview to the definitions of physical parameters .10
Table 2 – TEST PATTERNS used for display testing .13
Table 3 – List of the evaluation methods that can be used for testing medical IMAGE
DISPLAY SYSTEMS .15
Table A.1 – Acceptance test sample report of a diagnostic display .29
Table A.2 – Constancy test sample report of a diagnostic display .33
Table A.3 – Acceptance test sample report of a monochrome reviewing display .35
Table A.4 – Constancy test sample report of a monochrome reviewing display .37
Table A.5 – Acceptance test sample report of a colour reviewing display .39
Table A.6 – Constancy test sample report of a colour reviewing display.41
Table C.1 – Description of multi-purpose TEST PATTERNS.47
Table C.2 – TG18-QC pattern: LUMINANCE levels with 8-bit and [12-bit] pixel values
and CX ratings.50
Table C.3 – The blurring characteristics of the CX reference set utilized in TG18-QC
TEST PATTERNS [16] .51
Table C.4 – Evaluation criteria for the examples of the CLINICAL REFERENCE IMAGES .52
Table C.5 – Example description of TG-18 QC pattern for a matrix size of 1536 × 2048 .53
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT –
MEDICAL IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS –
Part 1: Evaluation methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62563-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 62B: Diagnostic
imaging equipment of technical committee 62: Electrical equipment in medical practice.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
62B/743/CDV 62B/768/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
In this standard, the following print types are used:
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
62563-1 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
– requirements and definitions: roman type;
– informative material appearing outside of tables, such as notes, examples and references: in smaller type.
Normative text of tables is also in a smaller type;
– TERMS DEFINED IN CLAUSE 3 OF THIS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, OR AS NOTED: SMALL
CAPITALS.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62563 series, published under the general title Medical electrical
equipment – Medical image display systems, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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INTRODUCTION
This International Standard provides evaluation methods for testing IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS
used in MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT and medical electrical systems for diagnostic imaging.
On site or after installation, two types of testing can be carried out. An acceptance test is
carried out after a new IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM has been installed, or major modifications have
been made to the existing IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM. Since an IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM may
degrade over time, the constancy test is carried out by the user in a periodic cycle to verify
that the performance is maintained for the intended use.
The standard describes various evaluation methods without dictating what particular tests
shall be used for acceptance and/or constancy tests.
Rather, it is the intention of this standard to be a reference for other standards and guidelines
specific to each modality or to be defined by national authorities who will refer to the
evaluation methods of this standard and mention limiting values and frequencies for
acceptance and constancy tests. Annex A shows sample reports of such a reference.
To maintain the homogeneity in the IEC standards for MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT,
IEC 61223-2-5, Evaluation and routine testing in medical imaging departments – Part 2-5:
Constancy tests – Image display devices should be reviewed.
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
62563-1 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT –
MEDICAL IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS –
Part 1: Evaluation methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62563 describes the evaluation methods for testing medical IMAGE DISPLAY
SYSTEMS.
The scope of this International Standard is directed to practical tests that can be visually
evaluated or measured using basic test equipment. More advanced or more quantitative
measurements can be performed on these devices, but these are beyond the scope of this
document.
This standard applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS, which can display monochrome
IMAGE DISPLAY
image information in the form of greyscale values on colour and greyscale
SYSTEMS (e.g. CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) monitors, FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS, PROJECTION SYSTEM).
This standard applies to medical IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS used for diagnostic (interpretation of
medical images toward rendering clinical diagnosis) or viewing (viewing medical images for
medical purposes other than for providing a medical interpretation) purposes and therefore
having specific requirements in terms of image quality. Head mounted IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS
IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS used for confirming positioning and for operation of the system
and
are not covered by this standard.
It is not in the scope of this standard to define the requirements of acceptance and constancy
tests nor the frequencies of constancy tests.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60788:2004, Medical electrical equipment – Glossary of defined terms
ISO 11664-1:2007, Colorimetry – Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
CIE S 010/E:2004 Photometry – The CIE system of physical photometry
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60788:2004 and the
following apply.
3.1.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result and the accepted reference value
[ISO 5725-1:1994, definition 3.6]
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
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3.1.2
brightness
LUMINANCE as perceived by the human visual system
3.1.3
cathode ray tube
CRT
picture tube
component of an IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM in which images defined via electrical signals are
visualized by means of an electron beam striking a phosphor
3.1.4
clinical reference image
specific medical image typical for the intended use of the IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM
NOTE The anatomical patterns reported in Annex C are examples of CLINICAL REFERENCE IMAGE.
3.1.5
clock artefact
artefact in form of distorted vertical bars or stripes, visible on the screens of fixed-pixel type
IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICES (e.g. LCD), when the frequency of the internal dot clock is different
from that of the incoming analogue signal
3.1.6
contrast
ratio of the difference of the LUMINANCE of two image areas, L - L ,
1 2
divided by the average of the two LUMINANCE values:
.
CONTRAST = 2 (L - L )/(L + L )
1 2 1 2
3.1.7
digital driving level
DDL
digital value given as input to an IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM producing a LUMINANCE
3.1.8
display controller
electronic component of an IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM that provides the analogue or digital
interface between the computer hardware and the IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE
3.1.9
flat panel display
IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE that is flat and thin
NOTE E.g. liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display (PDP), field emission display (FED), surface-conduction
electron-emitter display (SED), carbon-nano-tube display (CNT), organic light-emitting display (OLED).
3.1.10
flicker
perception of unintentional fluctuations of the LUMINANCE over time
3.1.11
greyscale standard display function
GSDF
mathematically defined mapping of input, DIGITAL DRIVING LEVEL (DDL) to LUMINANCE values
based on the Barten model
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SIST EN 62563-1:2010
62563-1 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
1)
[Source: DICOM PS 3.14:2007, see [2 ] ]
3.1.12
illuminance
measurement of the luminous flux incident on a surface per unit area (unit: Lux (lx),
2
lx = lm/m )
3.1.13
image display device
monitor
specific hardware/medium used to display images presented through an analogue or digital
interface
3.1.14
image display system
workstation consisting of an IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY CONTROLLER and computer
hardware and software, capable of displaying images
3.1.15
luminance
ratio of luminous flux penetrating (impinging on) a surface area in a specified direction to the
product of the irradiated solid angle and the projection of the surface area onto a plane
2
perpendicular to the viewing direction (unit: candela per square meter (cd/m ))
NOTE This definition has been derived from the term in DIN 5031-3:1982-03 [18] and is equivalent to the
definition in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
3.1.16
phase artefact
artefact in form of blurred edges of displayed objects (letters, lines, etc.), visible on the
screens of fixed-pixel type IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICES (e.g. LCD), when the phase setting of the
internal dot clock is different from that of the incoming analogue signal
3.1.17
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated
conditions
[ISO 5725-1:1994, definition 3.12]
3.1.18
projection system
large-screen IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE which enlarges the small image generated on a plane by
central projection to a second plane
3.1.19
resolution addressability ratio
RAR
measured pixel at 50 % point of LUMINANCE at peak or nominal rating expressed as a
percentage of addressable space available
3.1.20
spatial resolution
measure of the ability of an IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM to distinguish spatial features of interest
within an image
—————————
1)
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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NOTE Systems designed with adequate SPATIAL RESOLUTION characteristics are necessary to assure that spatial
details of interest are preserved when a medical image is displayed. Portraying image data on a IMAGE DISPLAY
DEVICE with insufficient resolution will compromise the ACCURACY of the radiological interpretation.
3.1.21
test image
test pattern
image for testing or verifying the IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEMS
3.1.22
veiling glare
enhancement of the LUMINANCE measurable on the IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE caused by internal
scatter processes
NOTE The value of the LUMINANCE enhancement is dependent on the illuminated portion of the image displayed.
3.1.23
window setting
display of a subset of the pixel values existing in the digital image
NOTE The WINDOW SETTING is determined by the window width and level (centre) and serves for CONTRAST
enhancement.
3.2 Symbols
The symbols of physical parameters used in this standard are listed in Table 1. All
IMAGE
...
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