SIST EN 14038-1:2016

Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization

This European Standard specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical realkalization (ER) of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete.
This European Standard does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel which can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion.
NOTE   In case of post-tensioned prestressing concrete, the endangered tendon strands may be shielded by the tendon ducts from unwanted and/ or exceeded polarization into the cathodic range and respective water reduction.

Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton - Teil 1: Realkalisierung

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Realkalisierung (ER) von karbonatisiertem Stahlbeton in bestehenden Bauwerken mittels Fremdstrom fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Teile von Gebäuden mit normaler, in Beton eingebetteter Bewehrung, die der Atmosphäre ausgesetzt sind.
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht anwendbar auf Beton mit vorgespannter Bewehrung, die Wasserstoffversprödung infolge der Realkalisierung unterliegen kann, auf Beton mit Bewehrung, die mit Epoxidharz beschichtet oder verzinkt ist oder wenn Chloride zur Korrosion der Bewehrung beitragen.
ANMERKUNG   Im Fall von Spannbeton mit nachträglichem Verbund können gefährdete Spannglieder durch deren Lage im Hüllrohr vor unerwünschter und/oder zu starker kathodische Polarisation und entsprechender Wasserreduktion geschützt sein.

Réalcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d’extraction des chlorures applicables au béton armé - Partie 1: Réalcalinisation

Le présent document spécifie un mode opératoire pour procéder à la réalcalinisation électrochimique par
courant imposé du béton armé carbonaté dans des structures existantes. Il est applicable à des éléments de
structure exposés au milieu ambiant.
Le présent document ne s’applique ni au béton contenant des aciers de précontrainte qui peuvent subir une
fragilisation due à l’hydrogène lors de la réalcalinisation, ni au béton contenant des armatures revêtues époxy
ou galvanisées ; il ne s’applique pas non plus lorsque la contamination par les chlorures contribue à la
corrosion des armatures.
NOTE Dans le cas du béton précontraint par post-tension, les torons menacés peuvent être protégés par des gaines
contre la polarisation indésirable et/ou excessive dans le domaine cathodique et contre la réduction de l’eau associée.

Elektrokemična realkalizacija in postopki kloridne ekstrakcije za armiran beton - 1. del: Realkalizacija

Ta dokument določa postopek za izvajanje elektrokemične realkalizacije karboniziranega armiranega betona z vzbujalnim tokom v obstoječih konstrukcijah. Uporablja se za ozračju izpostavljene dele konstrukcij z običajno betonsko ojačitvijo. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za beton z vsebnostjo jekla za prednapetje, ki je lahko med realkalizacijo izpostavljeno vodikovi krhkosti, ali beton z vsebnostjo galvanizirane ali z epoksi zaščito prevlečene ojačitve, ali če kontaminacija s kloridom prispeva h koroziji ojačitve. OPOMBA: V primeru naknadnega napetja prednapetega betona lahko ogrožene kabelske žice pred neželeno in/ali prekomerno polarizacijo v katodnem območju ter posledičnim zmanjšanjem vode zaščitijo kabelski vodi. Utemeljitev: tehnična specifikacija TS 14038-1, ki je trenutno na voljo, je pomemben pravni temelj za uporabo neporušitvenih sanacijskih tehnik pri vzdrževanju betona. Obravnava konstrukcije, manjše od parkirišč (npr. fasade, težave s korozijo zaradi lokalne karbonizacije), pri katerih se zdi, da katodna zaščita (kot je opisana v standardu EN ISO 12696) povzroča prekomeren dolgoročni napor. Tako kot druge neporušitvene sanacijske metode tudi ta standard pomaga pri ohranitvi okolja, in sicer s preprečitvijo hrupne in prašne zamenjave betona.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 10-Aug-2014
• Publication Date: 02-Jun-2016
• ICS: 91.080.40 - Concrete structures
• Technical Committee: IPKZ - Protection of metals against corrosion
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 25-May-2016
• Due Date: 30-Jul-2016
• Completion Date: 03-Jun-2016
• Ref Project: EN 14038-1:2016 - Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization

Relations

• Replaces: SIST-TS CEN/TS 14038-1:2005 - Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016

Overview

EN 14038-1:2016 (CEN) specifies the procedure for performing impressed-current electrochemical realkalization (ER) of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing, atmospherically exposed structures. The standard covers assessment, installation, commissioning, operation, monitoring and termination of ER systems that restore high-pH pore solution around ordinary steel reinforcement by applying an electric field between the reinforcement and a temporary anode with an alkaline electrolyte. It excludes use on concrete with prestressing steel (risk of hydrogen embrittlement), epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, and cases where chloride contamination contributes to corrosion.

Key Topics and Requirements

• Scope and exclusions: Applicable to ordinary reinforcement in carbonated concrete; not for prestressed, epoxy-coated, galvanized or chloride-contaminated cases.
• Principle: Impressed-current ER uses a temporary anode and an alkaline electrolyte (carbonate or hydroxyl ions) to re-alkalize concrete adjacent to reinforcement. Sodium, potassium or lithium-based electrolytes may be used.
• Assessment and repair: Pre-treatment surveys and repairs required following EN 1504-9; measure carbonation depth (EN 14630) and chloride content (EN 14629) to determine suitability.
• Quality management & personnel competence: Full documentation, calibrated instrumentation and qualified personnel are mandatory; competence guidance references EN 15257.
• Materials, equipment and installation: Requirements for anode systems, electrolyte protection, electrical continuity, cables and power supplies, plus procedures for installation and preliminary testing.
• Operation and monitoring: Procedures for energizing, performance monitoring, routine inspection, process monitoring and documented termination of treatment.
• Reporting: Detailed final reporting and post-treatment monitoring; guidance on post-treatment coatings and ongoing surveillance.

Applications and Who Uses It

EN 14038-1:2016 is intended for:

• Structural and civil engineers specifying concrete repair and corrosion protection
• Corrosion and cathodic protection specialists implementing ER systems
• Concrete repair contractors and maintenance teams for bridges, parking structures, façades and marine-exposed elements
• Asset owners and facility managers aiming for long-term reinforcement corrosion protection of carbonated concrete

Practical applications include extending service life by restoring alkalinity around reinforcement where carbonation-not chlorides-is the primary cause of depassivation.

Related Standards

• EN 1504-9 - concrete repair principles and assessment
• EN 14630 - carbonation depth measurement (phenolphthalein method)
• EN 14629 - chloride content determination in concrete
• EN ISO 12696 - cathodic protection of steel in concrete
• CEN/TS 14038-2 - electrochemical chloride extraction (complementary to ER)

Keywords: electrochemical realkalization, EN 14038-1:2016, reinforced concrete, carbonated concrete, impressed current, alkaline electrolyte, corrosion protection, cathodic protection, chloride extraction.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton - Teil 1: RealkalisierungRéalcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d’extraction des chlorures applicables au béton armé - Partie 1: RéalcalinisationElectrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 1: Realkalization91.080.40Betonske konstrukcijeConcrete structuresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14038-1:2016SIST EN 14038-1:2016en,fr,de01-julij-2016SIST EN 14038-1:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14038-1:20051DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14038-1
March
t r s x English Version
Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete æ Part
sã RealkalizationRéalcalinisation électrochimique et traitements d 5extraction des chlorures applicables au béton armé æ Partie
sã Réalcalinisation
Elektrochemische Realkalisierung und Chloridextraktionsbehandlungen für Stahlbeton æ Teil
sã Realkalisierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s w January
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v r u zæ sã t r s x ESIST EN 14038-1:2016

European foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General . 7 4.1 Quality management systems . 7 4.2 Personnel . 7 5 Principle . 7 6 Assessment and repair of the structure . 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Review of records . 8 6.3 Inspection . 8 6.4 Carbonation depth measurement . 8 6.4.1 General . 8 6.4.2 Determination of chloride content . 8 6.5 Concrete cover thickness and reinforcement location measurements . 9 6.6 Alkali aggregate reaction . 9 6.7 Reinforcement continuity and size . 9 6.8 Repair . 9 6.8.1 General . 9 6.8.2 Concrete removal . 9 6.8.3 Reinforcement preparation . 9 7 Materials and apparatus . 10 7.1 Calibration of instrumentation . 10 7.2 Anode system . 10 7.2.1 General . 10 7.2.2 Anode . 10 7.2.3 Anode zone . 10 7.2.4 Alkaline electrolyte solution . 10 7.3 Electric cables . 10 7.4 Power supply . 11 8 Installation procedures . 11 8.1 Electrical continuity of reinforcement . 11 8.2 Performance monitoring . 11 8.3 Installation of anode system . 11 8.4 Protection of electrolyte solution . 12 8.5 Electrical installation . 12 8.6 Preliminary testing and documentation . 12 9 Commissioning, operation and termination of treatment . 12 9.1 Visual inspection . 12 SIST EN 14038-1:2016

ER of steel in concrete is a specialist multidiscipline activity. Expertise is required in the fields of electrochemistry, concrete technology, civil and/or structural engineering and cathodic protection engineering. Personnel who undertake the design, supervision of installation, commissioning, supervision of operation, measurements, monitoring and supervision of maintenance of cathodic protection systems shall have the appropriate level of competence for the tasks undertaken. EN 15257 constitutes a suitable method of assessing Competence of Cathodic Protection Personnel which may be utilized for ER as well as cathodic protection. Competence of Personnel to the appropriate level for tasks undertaken should be demonstrated by certification in accordance with EN 15257 and suitable experience with ER or by another equivalent prequalification procedure. 5 Principle Realkalization of reinforced concrete is performed by applying an electric field for a limited period of time between the steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete and a temporary anode surrounded by an alkaline electrolyte solution containing carbonate or hydroxyl ions temporarily placed on the concrete surface. NOTE 1 The carbonated area treated by realkalization lies beneath the anode and around the first layer of reinforcement. NOTE 2 Details of the principle underlying this process are given in the European Federation of Corrosion report [1]and in LCP report [7]. Electrolyte solutions of sodium, potassium and lithium may be used. SIST EN 14038-1:2016
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