SIST EN 16246:2013
(Main)Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
This European Standard, when used together with EN ISO 4254-1 and EN 15811, specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be provided by the manufacturer. When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in EN ISO 4254-1, the requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1 for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this document. This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (as listed in Table 1) relevant to hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse foreseeable by the manufacturer. This European Standard is not applicable to lifting operations for the movement of unit loads with hooks or other similar devices. Materials connected with excavation activities are not intended as unit loads and their movement is covered by this standard. This European Standard does not give requirements for quick hitch devices. This European Standard is not applicable to hydraulic backhoes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit
Diese Europäische Norm ist vorgesehen für die Anwendung in Zusammenhang mit EN ISO 4254-1:2009 und EN 15811:2009 und legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen und deren Verifizierung für die Konstruktion und den Bau hydraulischer Heckbaggerlader fest, die am Dreipunktgestänge eines Traktors angebracht sind. Sie be-schreibt Verfahren für die Beseitigung oder Minderung von Gefährdungen, die sich aus der vorgesehenen Verwendung dieser Maschinen durch eine Person (die Bedienperson) während normalem Betrieb und Einsatz ergeben. Darüber hinaus legt sie die Art der Angaben zu sicheren Arbeitsverfahren fest, die vom Hersteller bereitzustellen sind. Weichen Anforderungen dieses Dokuments von den in EN ISO 4254-1 angegebenen ab, haben die Anforde-rungen des vorliegenden Dokuments bei Maschinen, die entsprechend den Festlegungen dieses Dokuments konstruiert und gebaut wurden, Vorrang vor den Anforderungen der EN ISO 4254-1. Dieses Dokument behandelt in Zusammenhang mit EN ISO 4254-1 die signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefähr-dungssituationen und –ereignisse (wie in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt), die bei vorgesehener Verwendung unter vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Bedingungen auf hydraulische Heckbaggerlader zutreffen, die am Dreipunkt-gestänge eines Traktors angebracht sind. ANMERKUNG Spezifische Anforderungen in Zusammenhang mit Straßenverkehrsregeln sind in dieser Norm nicht berücksichtigt. Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für hydraulische Heckbaggerlader, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung des vorliegenden Dokuments durch CEN hergestellt werden.
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité
La présente Norme européenne, destinée à être utilisée avec l'EN ISO 4254-1:2009 et l'EN 15811:2009, spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité, et leur vérification, pour la conception et la construction des pelles rétros hydrauliques montées sur l'attelage trois points d'un tracteur. Elle décrit des méthodes pour l'élimination ou la réduction des phénomènes dangereux inhérents à l'utilisation normale de ces machines par une personne (l'opérateur) durant le fonctionnement normal et l'entretien. En outre, elle spécifie le type d'informations que le fabricant doit donner sur les pratiques d'utilisation sûre.
Lorsque les prescriptions du présent document diffèrent de celles spécifiées dans l'EN ISO 4254-1, les prescriptions du présent document prennent le pas sur les prescriptions de l'EN ISO 4254-1 pour les machines conçues et construites conformément au présent document.
Le présent document, considéré conjointement à l'EN ISO 4254-1, traite de tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations dangereuses et événements dangereux significatifs (tels qu'énumérés dans le Tableau 1) pertinents pour les pelles rétros hydrauliques montées sur l'attelage trois points d'un tracteur, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées normalement et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant.
NOTE Les prescriptions particulières relatives à la réglementation routière ne sont pas prises en compte dans la présente norme.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux pelles rétro hydrauliques fabriquées avant la date de publication du présent document par le CEN.
Kmetijski stroji - Rovokopači na traktorski tritočkovni priključek - Varnost
Ko se ta evropski standard uporablja skupaj s standardoma EN ISO 4254-1 in EN 15811, določa varnostne zahteve in njihovo preverjanje za projektiranje in konstrukcijo hidravličnih nakladalnikov, nameščenih zadaj na tritočkovno spenjalo traktorja. Opisuje metode za odpravo ali zmanjšanje nevarnosti, ki izvirajo iz namenske uporabe teh strojev s strani ene osebe (operaterja) med običajnim delovanjem. Določa tudi vrsto informacij o varnih delovnih praksah (vključno z ostalimi tveganji), ki jih mora zagotoviti proizvajalec. Ko se zahteve tega dokumenta razlikujejo od zahtev, navedenih v standardu EN ISO 4254-1, imajo zahteve tega dokumenta prednost pred zahtevami standarda EN ISO 4254-1 za stroje, ki so zasnovani in izdelani v skladu z določbami tega dokumenta. Ta evropski standard skupaj s standardom EN ISO 4254-1 obravnava vsa večja tveganja, nevarne situacije in dogodke (kot je navedeno v preglednici 1), povezane s hidravličnimi nakladalniki, nameščenimi zadaj na tritočkovno spenjalo traktorja, ko se uporabljajo za ustrezen namen in pod pogoji predvidene nepravilne uporabe. Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za dvigovanje tovornih enot s kljukami ali drugimi podobnimi napravami. Materiali, povezani z izkopavanjem, ne veljajo kot tovorne enote, njihovo premikanje pa je vključeno v ta standard. Ta evropski standard ne vključuje zahtev za naprave s hitro menjavo. Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za hidravlične nakladalnike, ki so bili izdelani, preden je bil objavljen kot standard EN.
General Information
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16246:2013
01-maj-2013
Kmetijski stroji - Rovokopači na traktorski tritočkovni priključek - Varnost
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16246:2012
ICS:
65.060.10 Kmetijski traktorji in prikolice Agricultural tractors and
trailed vehicles
SIST EN 16246:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16246:2013
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 16246
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2012
ICS 65.060.10
English Version
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16246:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 List of significant hazards .6
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Attachment to tractor – prevention of uncontrolled movement . 12
5.3 Controls . 12
5.3.1 Clearance . 12
5.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls . 12
5.4 Operator’s work station . 14
5.5 Access to the operator’s work station . 15
5.6 Electrical equipment . 16
5.7 Hydraulics . 16
5.7.1 General . 16
5.7.2 Pump . 16
5.7.3 Fluid reservoir . 16
5.7.4 Pressure limit valves . 16
5.7.5 Hoses and fittings . 17
5.7.6 Dimensioning of hydraulic cylinders . 17
5.7.7 Control of movements . 17
5.8 Stability of the tractor backhoe combination . 17
5.8.1 General . 17
5.8.2 Outriggers . 17
6 Maintenance and repair . 18
7 Verification of the safety requirements or protective measures . 18
8 Information for use . 18
8.1 Operator’s manual . 18
8.2 Marking . 19
Annex A (informative) Examples of a backhoe attachment and safety locking device . 21
Annex B (informative) Stability of the tractor/backhoe loader combination . 24
B.1 Effects on the stability . 24
B.2 Stability calculations . 24
B.2.1 Transverse stability . 24
B.2.2 Longitudinal stability . 26
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 28
Bibliography . 29
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 16246:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and
machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document. These hazards are specific to hydraulic backhoes.
Hazards that are common to all agricultural machines (self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed) are
dealt with in EN ISO 4254-1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard, when used together with EN ISO 4254-1 and EN 15811, specifies the safety
requirements and their verification for the design and construction of hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three
point linkage of a tractor. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the
intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In
addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be provided
by the manufacturer.
When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in EN ISO 4254-1, the
requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1 for machines that
have been designed and built according to the provisions of this document.
This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous
situations and events (as listed in Table 1) relevant to hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage
of a tractor, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse foreseeable by the
manufacturer.
This European Standard is not applicable to lifting operations for the movement of unit loads with hooks or
other similar devices. Materials connected with excavation activities are not intended as unit loads and their
movement is covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not give requirements for quick hitch devices.
NOTE 1 An amendment of EN 474-1 is under preparation to deal with this issue. It will be evaluated for inclusion in this
European Standard.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements related to road traffic regulations are not taken into account in this European Standard.
This European Standard is not applicable to hydraulic backhoes which are manufactured before the date of its
publication as EN.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 3600, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator’s manuals — Content and presentation
ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery
ISO 3776-1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 1: Anchorage location requirements
ISO 3776-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 2: Anchorage strength requirements
ISO 11684, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Safety
signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010,
EN ISO 4254-1:2009 and the following apply.
NOTE An example of the machine types covered by this standard is illustrated in Annex A.
3.1
rear-mounted hydraulic backhoe
machine with hydraulically powered arms mounted to the rear three point linkage of the tractor, used with an
attachment for various operations, such as excavating, elevating, swinging, discharging
3.2
primary loading arm
loading arm located between the frame of the machine and the secondary arm
3.3
secondary loading arm
loading arm located between the primary loading arm and the attachment
3.4
telescopic arm
arm capable of being extended in a longitudinal direction
3.5
swing pivot
device which pivotally connects the frame with the primary loading arm, in order to let it swing about a vertical
axis
3.6
outriggers
device to keep the machine stable on the ground when the backhoe is in use
3.7
side shifting
device to allow horizontal movement within limits of the backhoe swing pivot
3.8
attachment
tool or interchangeable equipment that can be attached to the secondary loading arm, such as a bucket or an
inverted bucket, as indicated by the manufacturer
3.9
inverted bucket
rearward facing bucket for the excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging of the material
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and hazardous event(s) covered
by this standard that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant for this type of machine, and
which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk.
Attention is drawn to the necessity to identify any additional significant hazards associated with a specific
machine and to provide suitable safety measures. Such additional safety measures are not dealt with by this
standard.
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Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with hydraulic backhoes
Hazardous situation Clauses/subclauses of Clause/subclause of
a
Hazard
No.
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this standard
A.1 Mechanical hazard
Crushing hazard
A.1.1 — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 5.3.1
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 5.1, 5.5
4.6
— Platforms 5.1, 5.4
6.4
— Working tools 5.7.1
4.7
— Service/maintenance 6
4.14.6
— Shearing/pinching points 5.1
5.1.2.3
— Moving the machine 5.2
5.1.4
— Stability 5.2
5.2
— Mounting of machines 5.2
6.2
6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3
Shearing hazard
A.1.2 — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 5.3.1
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 5.1, 5.5
4.6
— Platforms 5.1, 5.4
6.4
— Working tools 5.7.1
4.7
— Service/maintenance 6
4.14.6
— Shearing/pinching points 5.1
5.1.2.3
— Moving the machine 5.2
5.1.4
— Stability 5.2
5.2
— Mounting of machines 5.2
6.2
6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3
Impact hazard
A.1.6 — Boarding means 4.5.1.2.5 5.1, 5.4, 5.5
Friction or
A.1.8 — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2 5.3.1
abrasion hazard
— Electrical equipment 4.9.1 5.6
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2 5.4, 5.5
High-pressure fluid
A.1.9 — Hydraulic components 4.10; 6.5 5.7
injection or
ejection hazard
A.2 Electrical hazards
Contact of persons
A.2.1 — Electrical equipment 4.9; 5.3; 6.5 5.6
with live parts
(direct contact)
Contact of persons
A.2.2 — Electrical equipment 4.9.1 -
with parts which
have become live
under faulty
conditions (indirect
contact)
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Hazardous situation Clauses/subclauses of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this standard
Approach to live
A.2.3 — Overhead power lines 8.1.3 8.1
parts under high
voltage
Thermal radiation
A.2.4 — Electrical equipment 4.9.2; 5.3.1 5.6
or other
phenomena such
as the projection of
molten particles
and chemical
effects from short
circuits, overloads,
etc.
A.3 Thermal hazards
Burns, scalds and
— Operating fluids 4.12 5.7
other injuries by
— Cab material 5.1.6
possible contact of
persons with
— Hot surfaces 5.5
objects or
materials with an
extreme high or
low temperature,
by flames or
explosions and
also by the
radiation of heat
sources
A.4 Hazards generated by noise
Hearing loss
— Noise 4.2 5.1
(deafness), other
physiological
disorders (e.g. loss
of balance, loss of
awareness)
Accidents due to
interference with
speech
communication
and accoustic
warning signals
A.5 Hazards generated by materials and substances
Hazards from
A.5.1 — Operating fluids 4.10; 5.4 5.7
contact with, or
inhalation, of
harmful fluids,
gases, mists,
fumes and dusts
A.6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design
Unhealthy
A.6.1 — Controls 4.4 5.3
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Hazardous situation Clauses/subclauses of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this standard
postures or
— Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
excessive effort
— Service and maintenance 4.14.2; 4.14.4 6
— Operator station 5.1.1; 5.1.3; 5.1.5.2 5.4
Inadequate
A.6.2 — Controls 4.4 5.3
consideration of
— Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
hand-arm or foot-
leg anatomy
— Operator station 5.1 5.4
Neglected use of
A.6.3 — Operator's manual 8.1.3 8.1
personal protective
equipment
Mental overload
A.6.5 — Controls 4.4 5.3
and under load,
stress
Human error,
A.6.6 — Controls 4.4 5.3
human behaviour
— Operator's manual 8.1 8.1
— Signs 8.2 8.2
Inadequate
A.6.7 — Controls 4.4; 5.1.3; 6.1 5.3
design, location or
identification
manual controls
-
— Individual assemblies 4.13
A.7 Combination of
hazards
— Operator's manual 8.1 8.1
A.8 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed
Failure/disorder of — Service and maintenance
A.8.1 4.8 5.7
the control system
4.9 5.6
— Electrical equipment
6.5 5.6
— Connections
External influences — Cables
A.8.3 4.9.1 5.6
on electrical
equipment
Other external — Stability
A.8.4 6.2.1.1; 6.2.1.2 5.3, 5.6
influences (gravity,
wind, etc.)
Errors made by — Controls
A.8.5 4.4; 6.1.2 5.3
the operator (due
4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
to mismatch of
— Boarding means
machinery with 5.1
5.4
human
— Operator station
5.2 5.8
characteristics and
6.2; 6.3
abilities 5.2
— Moving the machine
4.14 6
— Mounting of machines
8.1.3
8.1
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Hazardous situation Clauses/subclauses of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this standard
— Service and maintenance
— Operator's manual
Impossibility of — Controls
A.9 4.4; 6.1 -
stopping the
machine in the
best possible
conditions
Failure of power — Supports
A.11 4.8 5.7
supply
4.9 5.6
— Electrical equipment
6.5
— Connections
Errors of fitting — Mounting of machines
A.13 6.2; 6.3 5.2
8.1.3 8.1
— Operator's manual
Break-up during — Hydraulic components
A.14 4.10 5.7
operation
Falling or ejected — Hydraulic components
A.15 4.10 5.7
objects or
fluids
Loss of — Stability
A.16 6.2 5.2, 5.8
stability/overturni
5.1.2.3 -
ng of
— Roll-over
machinery
Slip, trap and fall — Boarding means
A.17 4.5; 4.6 5.2, 5.4, 5.5
of persons
(related to
machinery)
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
A.19 Link to the work position
Fall of persons — Boarding means
A.19.1 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
during access to
(or at/from) the
work position
Mechanical — Shearing/pinching points
A.19.4 4.4.3; 4.5.1.2.5; 5.1.4 -
hazards at the
working position:
a) contact with
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Hazardous situation Clauses/subclauses of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this standard
wheels;
b) rollover;
c) fall of objects,
penetration by
objects;
Inadequate — Operator's seat
A.19.7 5.1.2 5.4
seating
Noise at work — Operator's work station
A.19.8 4.2 5.1
position
A.20 Due to the control system
Inadequate — Controls
A.20.1 4.4; 4.8.1.2; 5.1.2.1; 6.1.1; 5.3
location of manual
6.1.2
controls
Inadequate design — Controls
A.20.2 4.4; 5.1.3; 5.1.8 5.3
of manual controls
and their mode of
operation
From handling — Stability
A.21 6.2 5.7.7
the machine (lack
5.1.2.3
of stability)
— Roll-over
A.22 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power
Hazards from — Power transmission
A.22.2 6.4; 6.5 5.7
transmission
power between
machines
Hazards from — Mounting of machines
A.22.3 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.2
coupling and
towing
A.23 From/to third persons
Insufficient — Operator's manual
A.24 8.1 8.1
instructions for
the
driver/operator
a
With reference to EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Table A.1.
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5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
The backhoe shall be in accordance with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the backhoe shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100, for hazards relevant, but
not significant, which are not dealt with by this document.
Unless otherwise specified in this European Standard, the machine shall comply with the requirements
EN ISO 4254-1.
5.2 Attachment to tractor – prevention of uncontrolled movement
The backhoe shall be mountable on a tractor in a way that prevents relative movement between the backhoe
and the tractor. In particular, unintentional rising of the tractor link arms during operation shall be prevented.
This can be achieved by means of a sub-frame or other device that creates a solid mechanical lock. Chains
alone are not considered to fulfil this requirement.
The device shall:
a) be necessary for the fitting of the backhoe to the tractor, i.e. it shall not be possible to mount the backhoe
on the tractor without the device;
b) be integrated into the machine so that it is not easily removed;
c) be easily adjustable to allow correct coupling of tractor and backhoe; it shall be possible to adjust it
without removing or deactivating it;
d) be removable only with specific tools.
An example of such a device is given in Figure A.3.
Parts of the backhoe that have to be folded or moved for transportation purpose (e.g. primary and secondary
arm) shall be designed in such a way that they can be immobilised in order to avoid unexpected movement
during transportation.
5.3 Controls
5.3.1 Clearance
See 4.4 of EN ISO 4254-1:2009.
5.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls
Controls shall be designed and arranged in order to be:
a) easily accessible and identifiable;
b) corresponding to functions as shown in Figures 3 and 4;
c) permanently and visibly marked as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Symbols shall be in accordance with ISO 3767-2.
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
Figure 1 Configuration, functions and marking of a four-levers control
Figure 2 Configuration, functions and marking of a six-levers control
In Figures 1 and 2, one of the controls is allocated to the opening and closing of the bucket. If this control is
used to activate other types of attachments, it has to be marked so as to clearly identify its function.
Controls shall automatically return to a neutral position when released. If the use of attachments that require a
continuous oil flow are foreseen, a specific hydraulic line shall be provided and the instructions for correct use
shall be provided by the manufacturer.
Control levers shall be designed and protected in order to avoid inadvertent operation; a guard may be used
to meet this objective provided that it does not interfere with the normal operation of controls.
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EN 16246:2012 (E)
5.4 Operator’s work station
The controls shall be located in the hand and foot reach, for machines without cab, as defined in 3.5 of
EN ISO 4254-1:2009.
The operator’s work station shall:
a) be easily accessible; accessibility shall not be restricted by the backhoe controls or other parts of the
backhoe or tractor in the reach zone;
b) be resistant to the stresses imposed; the seat supporting device, in particular, shall resist without
permanent deformation a vertical force of 2 000 N applied vertically down to the cushion of the seat on a
2
surface of 0,04 m ;
c) be provided with a platform for the feet of the operator. The platform shall be at least 160 mm wide and
200 mm long, for each foot. The platform shall have a lateral stop at each end and be so designed
(e.g. mudguards, perforated steps) that an accumulation of mud and/or snow is minimised under normal
work conditions;
d) be comfortable for the operator. Controls or other parts of the machine or of the tractor in the reach zone
shall not force the operator into an unsuitable ergonomic posture;
e) be designed such that it will not cause shearing, cutting or impact hazards. In particular, the exposed
ends of the controls shall be located in the area specified in Figures 3 and 4 and, centred in respect of the
operator’s seat (front view).
Key
a protruding end of control actuator
b SIP
c platform for operator's feet
d 450 mm to 520 mm
Figure 3 Position of the end of protruding controls
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SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A specified area
x distance l forward of SIP
2
y distance h above SIP
2
Figure 4 Position of the end of protruding controls: values for h , l
2 2
Operator’s seat shall be provided with seat-belts in accordance to ISO 3776-1 and ISO 3776-2.
5.5 Access to the operator’s work station
Handles, handrails and steps shall together provide the operator with three continuous points of contact during
machine access and egress.
Access to the seat shall be possible with the alternate use of the feet and suitable hand holds. Steps for the
feet shall be at least 160 mm wide and 100 mm deep. The vertical distance between two successive steps
shall not exceed 400 mm and the horizontal distance between two successive steps shall not exceed 400 mm.
Steps shall resist, without permanent deformation, at every 100 mm across their width, a downward vertical
force of at least 1 500 N when applied on their surface.
The lowest step shall not be higher than 550 mm from the ground when the machine is in the highest working
position i.e. stabilisers fully extended and resting on level ground.
If ladders are used, they shall meet the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1.
Handles or handrails shall be provided on both sides of the access and:
a) the minimum length for a handle shall be 150 mm;
b) at every 100 mm along their length handles and handrails shall resist, without permanent deformation,
a force of 300 N.
15
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EN 16246:2012 (E)
Controls, except presence sensors, shall not be located in the access zone, as defined by the manufacturer.
The operator’s manual shall specify the safe means of access and egress.
5.6 Electrical equipment
Electrical connections shall be suitably protected against unintentional contact and short circuit from ingress of
moisture
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.UQRVWLandmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - SicherheitMatériel agricole - Pelles rétro - SécuritéAgricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety65.060.10Kmetijski traktorji in prikoliceAgricultural tractors and trailed vehiclesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16246:2012SIST EN 16246:2013en,fr,de01-maj-2013SIST EN 16246:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16246:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16246
November 2012 ICS 65.060.10 English Version
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité
Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16246:2012: ESIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions .64 List of significant hazards .65 Safety requirements and/or measures . 125.1 General . 125.2 Attachment to tractor – prevention of uncontrolled movement . 125.3 Controls . 125.3.1 Clearance . 125.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls . 125.4 Operator’s work station . 145.5 Access to the operator’s work station . 155.6 Electrical equipment . 165.7 Hydraulics . 165.7.1 General . 165.7.2 Pump . 165.7.3 Fluid reservoir . 165.7.4 Pressure limit valves . 165.7.5 Hoses and fittings . 175.7.6 Dimensioning of hydraulic cylinders . 175.7.7 Control of movements . 175.8 Stability of the tractor backhoe combination . 175.8.1 General . 175.8.2 Outriggers . 176 Maintenance and repair . 187 Verification of the safety requirements or protective measures . 188 Information for use . 188.1 Operator’s manual . 188.2 Marking . 19Annex A (informative)
Examples of a backhoe attachment and safety locking device . 21Annex B (informative)
Stability of the tractor/backhoe loader combination . 24B.1 Effects on the stability . 24B.2 Stability calculations . 24B.2.1 Transverse stability . 24B.2.2 Longitudinal stability . 26Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 28Bibliography . 29 SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16246:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This document is a type-C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. These hazards are specific to hydraulic backhoes. Hazards that are common to all agricultural machines (self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed) are dealt with in EN ISO 4254-1. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard, when used together with EN ISO 4254-1 and EN 15811, specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be provided by the manufacturer. When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in EN ISO 4254-1, the requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1 for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this document. This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (as listed in Table 1) relevant to hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This European Standard is not applicable to lifting operations for the movement of unit loads with hooks or other similar devices. Materials connected with excavation activities are not intended as unit loads and their movement is covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not give requirements for quick hitch devices.
NOTE 1 An amendment of EN 474-1 is under preparation to deal with this issue. It will be evaluated for inclusion in this European Standard.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements related to road traffic regulations are not taken into account in this European Standard. This European Standard is not applicable to hydraulic backhoes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 3600, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Operator’s manuals — Content and presentation ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery ISO 3776-1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 1: Anchorage location requirements ISO 3776-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 2: Anchorage strength requirements ISO 11684, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010,
EN ISO 4254-1:2009 and the following apply. NOTE An example of the machine types covered by this standard is illustrated in Annex A. 3.1 rear-mounted hydraulic backhoe machine with hydraulically powered arms mounted to the rear three point linkage of the tractor, used with an attachment for various operations, such as excavating, elevating, swinging, discharging
3.2 primary loading arm loading arm located between the frame of the machine and the secondary arm
3.3 secondary loading arm loading arm located between the primary loading arm and the attachment 3.4 telescopic arm arm capable of being extended in a longitudinal direction
3.5 swing pivot device which pivotally connects the frame with the primary loading arm, in order to let it swing about a vertical axis
3.6 outriggers device to keep the machine stable on the ground when the backhoe is in use 3.7 side shifting device to allow horizontal movement within limits of the backhoe swing pivot
3.8 attachment tool or interchangeable equipment that can be attached to the secondary loading arm, such as a bucket or an inverted bucket, as indicated by the manufacturer 3.9 inverted bucket rearward facing bucket for the excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging of the material 4 List of significant hazards Table 1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and hazardous event(s) covered by this standard that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant for this type of machine, and which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk. Attention is drawn to the necessity to identify any additional significant hazards associated with a specific machine and to provide suitable safety measures. Such additional safety measures are not dealt with by this standard. SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 7 Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with hydraulic backhoes No. a Hazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of
EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard A.1 Mechanical hazard A.1.1 Crushing hazard — Controls — Boarding means — Platforms — Working tools — Service/maintenance — Shearing/pinching points — Moving the machine — Stability — Mounting of machines 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 4.6 6.4 4.7 4.14.6 5.1.2.3 5.1.4 5.2 6.2 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.3.1 5.1, 5.5 5.1, 5.4 5.7.1 6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2
A.1.2 Shearing hazard — Controls — Boarding means — Platforms — Working tools — Service/maintenance — Shearing/pinching points — Moving the machine — Stability — Mounting of machines 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 4.6 6.4 4.7 4.14.6 5.1.2.3 5.1.4 5.2 6.2 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.3.1 5.1, 5.5 5.1, 5.4 5.7.1 6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 A.1.6 Impact hazard — Boarding means 4.5.1.2.5 5.1, 5.4, 5.5 A.1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard — Controls — Electrical equipment — Boarding means 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2 4.9.1 4.5.1.1.2 5.3.1 5.6 5.4, 5.5 A.1.9 High-pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard — Hydraulic components 4.10; 6.5 5.7 A.2 Electrical hazards A.2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) — Electrical equipment 4.9; 5.3; 6.5 5.6 A.2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) — Electrical equipment 4.9.1 - SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 8 No. a Hazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard A.2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage — Overhead power lines 8.1.3 8.1 A.2.4 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles and chemical effects from short circuits, overloads, etc. — Electrical equipment 4.9.2; 5.3.1 5.6 A.3 Thermal hazards
Burns, scalds and other injuries by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources — Operating fluids — Cab material — Hot surfaces 4.12 5.1.6 5.5 5.7 A.4 Hazards generated by noise
Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness)
Accidents due to interference with speech communication and accoustic warning signals — Noise 4.2 5.1 A.5 Hazards generated by materials and substances A.5.1 Hazards from contact with, or inhalation, of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts — Operating fluids 4.10; 5.4 5.7 A.6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design A.6.1 Unhealthy — Controls 4.4 5.3 SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 9 No. a Hazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of
EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard postures or excessive effort — Boarding means — Service and maintenance — Operator station 4.5; 4.6 4.14.2; 4.14.4 5.1.1; 5.1.3; 5.1.5.2 5.4, 5.5 6 5.4 A.6.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy — Controls — Boarding means — Operator station 4.4 4.5; 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.4, 5.5 5.4 A.6.3 Neglected use of personal protective equipment — Operator's manual 8.1.3 8.1 A.6.5 Mental overload and under load, stress — Controls 4.4 5.3 A.6.6 Human error, human behaviour — Controls — Operator's manual — Signs 4.4 8.1 8.2 5.3 8.1 8.2 A.6.7 Inadequate design, location or identification manual controls — Controls 4.4; 5.1.3; 6.1 5.3 A.7 Combination of hazards — Individual assemblies — Operator's manual 4.13 8.1 - 8.1 A.8 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed A.8.1 Failure/disorder of the control system — Service and maintenance — Electrical equipment — Connections 4.8 4.9 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.6
A.8.3 External influences on electrical equipment — Cables 4.9.1 5.6 A.8.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.) — Stability 6.2.1.1; 6.2.1.2 5.3, 5.6 A.8.5 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities — Controls — Boarding means — Operator station — Moving the machine — Mounting of machines 4.4; 6.1.2 4.5; 4.6 5.1 5.2 6.2; 6.3 4.14 8.1.3 5.3 5.4, 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.2 6 8.1 SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 10 No. a Hazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard — Service and maintenance — Operator's manual A.9 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible conditions — Controls 4.4; 6.1
-
A.11 Failure of power supply — Supports — Electrical equipment — Connections 4.8 4.9 6.5 5.7 5.6 A.13 Errors of fitting — Mounting of machines — Operator's manual 6.2; 6.3 8.1.3 5.2 8.1 A.14 Break-up during operation — Hydraulic components
4.10 5.7 A.15 Falling or ejected objects or fluids — Hydraulic components 4.10 5.7 A.16 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery — Stability — Roll-over 6.2 5.1.2.3 5.2, 5.8 - A.17 Slip, trap and fall of persons (related to machinery) — Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.2, 5.4, 5.5 Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility A.19 Link to the work position A.19.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position — Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5 A.19.4 Mechanical hazards at the working position: a) contact with — Shearing/pinching points 4.4.3; 4.5.1.2.5; 5.1.4 -
SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 11 No. a Hazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of
EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard wheels; b) rollover; c) fall of objects, penetration by objects; A.19.7 Inadequate seating — Operator's seat 5.1.2 5.4 A.19.8 Noise at work position — Operator's work station 4.2 5.1 A.20 Due to the control system A.20.1 Inadequate location of manual controls — Controls 4.4; 4.8.1.2; 5.1.2.1; 6.1.1; 6.1.2 5.3 A.20.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of operation — Controls 4.4; 5.1.3; 5.1.8 5.3 A.21 From handling the machine (lack of stability) — Stability — Roll-over 6.2 5.1.2.3 5.7.7 A.22 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power A.22.2 Hazards from transmission power between machines — Power transmission 6.4; 6.5 5.7 A.22.3 Hazards from coupling and towing — Mounting of machines 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.2 A.23 From/to third persons A.24 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator — Operator's manual 8.1 8.1 a With reference to EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Table A.1.
SIST EN 16246:2013
EN 16246:2012 (E) 12 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General The backhoe shall be in accordance with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the backhoe shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100, for hazards relevant, but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document.
Unless otherwise specified in this European Standard, the machine shall comply with the requirements EN ISO 4254-1. 5.2 Attachment to tractor – preve
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16246:2011
01-junij-2011
.PHWLMVNLVWURML1DNODGDOQLNSULNOMXþHQ]DGDMNWUDNWRUMX9DUQRVW
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16246
ICS:
65.060.10 Kmetijski traktorji in prikolice Agricultural tractors and
trailed vehicles
oSIST prEN 16246:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16246:2011
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oSIST prEN 16246:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 16246
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2011
ICS 65.060.10
English Version
Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety
Matériel agricole - Pelles rétro - Sécurité Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 144.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16246:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 16246:2011
prEN 16246:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 List of significant hazards .6
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Attachment to tractor – prevention of uncontrolled movement . 12
5.3 Controls . 13
5.3.1 Clearance . 13
5.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls . 14
5.4 Operator’s work station . 15
5.4.1 General . 15
5.5 Access to the operator’s work station . 18
5.6 Electrical equipment . 18
5.7 Hydraulics . 19
5.7.1 General . 19
5.7.2 Pump . 19
5.7.3 Fluid reservoir . 19
5.7.4 Pressure limit valves . 19
5.7.5 Hoses and fittings . 19
5.7.6 Dimensioning of hydraulic cylinders . 20
5.7.7 Control of movements . 20
5.8 Stability of the machine when unmounted . 20
5.9 Stability of the complex machine-tractor . 20
5.9.1 General . 20
5.9.2 Outriggers . 20
5.9.3 Extension of the outriggers . 20
6 Maintenance and repair . 21
6.1 Manual activation of parts of the machine – manual operations . 21
6.2 Fluids . 21
6.3 Operations with raised parts . 21
7 Verification of the safety requirements or protective measures . 21
8 Information for use . 21
8.1 Operator’s manual . 21
8.2 Marking . 22
Annex A (informative) Examples of machines . 24
Annex B (informative) Stability of the tractor/backhoe loader combination . 25
B.1 Effects on the stability . 25
B.2 Stability calculations . 25
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 28
2
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oSIST prEN 16246:2011
prEN 16246:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 16246:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors and
machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
3
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oSIST prEN 16246:2011
prEN 16246:2011 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document. These hazards are specified to hydraulic backhoes.
Hazards that are common to all agricultural machines (self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed) are
dealt with in EN ISO 4254-1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard, intended to be used together with EN ISO 4254-1:2009 and EN 15811:2009,
specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of hydraulic backhoes
mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards
arising from the intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal
operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided
by the manufacturer.
When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in EN ISO 4254-1, the
requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1 for machines that
have been designed and built according the provisions of this document.
This document, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous
situations and events (as listed in Table 1) relevant to hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage
of a tractor, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
NOTE Specific requirements related to road traffic regulations are not taken into account in this standard.
This document is not applicable to hydraulic backhoes which are manufactured before the date of publication
of this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15811:2009, Agricultural machinery - Guards for moving parts of power transmission - Guard opening with
tool (ISO/TS 28923:2007 modified)
EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point
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EN ISO 12100-1:2003+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design —
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology
EN ISO 12100-2:2003+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design —
Part 2: Technical principles
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
EN ISO 14982:2009, Agricultural and forestry machinery – Electromagnetic compatibility – Test methods and
acceptance criteria (ISO 14982:1998)
ISO 3600:1996, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator’s manuals — Content and presentation
ISO 3767-1, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery
ISO 3776-1:2006, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 1: Anchorage location
requirements
ISO 3776-2:2007, Tractors and machinery for agriculture — Seat belts — Part 2: Anchorage strength
requirements
ISO 4253:1993, Agricultural tractors — Operator's seating accommodation — Dimensions
ISO 4413:1998, Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems
ISO 10968:2004, Earth-moving machinery -- Operator's controls
ISO 15077:2008, Tractors and self-propelled machinery for agriculture — Operator controls — Actuating
forces, displacement, location and method of operation
ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Safety signs and hazard pictorials – General principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1, EN ISO 4254-1 and
the following apply.
NOTE Examples of the machine types covered by this standard are illustrated in Annex A.
3.1
rear-mounted hydraulic backhoe
machine mounted to the rear three point linkage of the tractor, used for various operations, such as
excavating, elevating, swinging, discharging and others, with an attachment and hydraulic arms
3.2
primary loading arm
loading arm located between the frame of the machine and the secondary arm
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3.3
secondary loading arm
loading arm located between the primary loading arm and the attachment
3.4
telescopic arm
arm capable of being extended in longitudinal direction
3.5
swinging tower
device which pivotally connects the frame with the primary loading arm, in order to let it swing about a vertical
axis
3.6
outriggers
devices to keep the machine stable and levelled on the ground
3.7
side shifting
device to let the swinging tower change its position in respect of an horizontal axis
3.8
attachment
tool or interchangeable equipment that can be attached to the secondary loading arm, such as a bucket or an
inverted bucket, as indicated by the manufacturer
3.9
inverted bucket
rearward facing bucket for the excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging of the material
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and event(s) covered by this
Standard that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant for this type of machine, and which
require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk.
Attention is drawn to the necessity to verify that the safety requirements specified in this standard apply to
each significant hazard presented by a given machine and to validate that the risk assessment is complete.
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Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with hydraulic backhoes
Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
Hazard
No.
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
A.1 Mechanical hazard
A.1.1 Crushing hazard — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 5.3.1
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 5.1, 5.5
4.6
— Platforms 5.1, 5.4.1
6.4
— Working tools 5.7.1
4.7
— Service/maintenance 6.3
4.14.6
— Shearing/pinching points 5.1
5.1.2.3
— Moving the machine 5.8, 5.9
5.1.4
— Stability 5.2
5.2
— Mounting of machines
6.2
6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3
A.1.2 Shearing hazard — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 5.3.1
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 5.1, 5.5
4.6
— Platforms 5.1, 5.4.1
6.4
— Working tools 5.7.1
4.7
— Service/maintenance 6.1, 6.3
4.14.6
— Shearing/pinching points 5.1
5.1.2.3
— Moving the machine 5.8, 5.9
5.1.4
— Stability 5.2
5.2
— Mounting of machines
6.2
6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3
A.1.6 Impact hazard — Boarding means 4.5.1.2.5 5.1, 5.4, 5.5
A.1.8 Friction or — Controls 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2 5.3.1
abrasion hazard
— Electrical equipment 4.9.1 5.6
— Boarding means 4.5.1.1.2 5.4, 5.5
A.1.9 High-pressure fluid — Hydraulic components 4.10; 6.5 5.7
injection or
ejection hazard
A.2 Electrical hazards
A.2.1 Contact of persons — Electrical equipment 4.9; 5.3; 6.5 5.6
with live parts
(direct contact)
A.2.2 Contact of persons — Electrical equipment 4.9.1 -
with parts which
have become live
under faulty
conditions (indirect
contact)
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Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
A.2.3 Approach to live — Overhead power lines 8.1.3 8.1
parts under high
voltage
A.2.4 Thermal radiation — Electrical equipment 4.9.2; 5.3.1 5.6
or other
phenomena such
as the projection
of molten particles
and chemical
effects from short
circuits,
overloads, etc.
A.3 Thermal hazards
Burns, scalds and — Operating fluids 4.12 5.7
other injuries by
— Cab material 5.1.6
possible contact of
— Hot surfaces 5.5
persons with
objects or
materials with an
extreme
high or low
temperature, by
flames
or explosions and
also by the
radiation of heat
sources
A.4 Hazards generated by noise
Hearing loss — Noise 4.2 5.1
(deafness), other
physiological
disorders (e.g. loss
of
balance, loss of
awareness)
Accidents due to
interference with
speech
communication
and
accoustic warning
signals
A.5 Hazards generated by materials and substances
A.5.1 Hazards from — Operating fluids 4.10; 5.4 5.7
contact with, or
inhalation, of
harmful fluids,
gases,
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Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
mists, fumes and
dusts
A.6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design
A.6.1 Unhealthy — Controls 4.4 5.3
postures or
— Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
excessive
— Service and maintenance 4.14.2; 4.14.4 6.1, 6.3
effort
— Operator station 5.1.1; 5.1.3; 5.1.5.2 5.4
A.6.2 Inadequate — Controls 4.4 5.3
consideration of
— Boarding means 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
hand–
— Operator station 5.1 5.4
arm or foot–leg
anatomy
A.6.3 Neglected use of — Operator's manual 8.1.3 8.1
personal
protective
equipment
A.6.5 Mental overload — Controls 4.4 5.3
and under load,
stress
A.6.6 Human error, — Controls 4.4 5.3
human behaviour
— Operator's manual 8.1 8.1
— Signs 8.2 8.2
A.6.7 Inadequate — Controls 4.4; 5.1.3; 6.1 5.3
design, location or
identification
manual controls
— Individual assemblies
A.7 Combination of 4.13 -
hazards
8.1 8.1
— Operator's manual
A.8 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed
— Service and maintenance
A.8.1 Failure/disorder of 4.8 5.7
the control
4.9 5.6
— Electrical equipment
system
6.5 5.6
— Connections
— Cables
A.8.3 External influences 4.9.1 5.6
on electrical
equipment
— Stability
A.8.4 Other external 6.2.1.1; 6.2.1.2 5.3, 5.6
influences (gravity,
wind, etc.)
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Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
— Controls
A.8.5 Errors made by 4.4; 6.1.2 5.3
the operator (due
4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
to
— Boarding means
5.1 5.4
mismatch of
— Operator station
machinery with
5.2 5.8
human
6.2; 6.3 5.2
— Moving the machine
characteristics and
4.14 6
abilities
— Mounting of machines
8.1.3 8.1
— Service and maintenance
— Operator's manual
Impossibility of — Controls
A.9 4.4; 6.1 -
stopping the
machine in the
best possible
conditions
Failure of power
— Supports
A.11
4.8 5.7
supply
4.9 5.6
— Electrical equipment
6.5
— Connections
Errors of fitting — Mounting of machines
A.13 6.2; 6.3 5.2
8.1.3 8.1
— Operator's manual
Break-up during
— Hydraulic components
A.14
4.10 5.7
operation
Falling or ejected — Hydraulic components
A.15 4.10 5.7
objects or
fluids
Loss of
— Stability
A.16
6.2 5.8
stability/overturni
5.1.2.3 5.9
ng of
— Roll-over
machinery
Slip, trap and fall — Boarding means
A.17 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
of persons
(related to
machinery)
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Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
A.19 Link to the work position
Fall of persons — Boarding means
A.19.1 4.5; 4.6 5.4, 5.5
during access to
(or
at/from) the work
position
Mechanical — Shearing/pinching points
A.19.4 4.4.3; 4.5.1.2.5; 5.1.4 -
hazards at the
working
position:
a) contact with
wheels;
b) rollover;
c) fall of objects,
penetration by
objects;
Inadequate — Operator's seat
A.19.7 5.1.2 5.4
seating
Noise at work — Operator's work station
A.19.8 4.2 5.1
position
A.20 Due to the control system
Inadequate — Controls
A.20.1 4.4; 4.8.1.2; 5.1.2.1; 6.1.1; 5.3
location of manual
6.1.2
controls
Inadequate design — Controls
A.20.2 4.4; 5.1.3; 5.1.8 5.3
of manual
controls and their
mode of operation
From handling — Stability
A.21 6.2 5.8, 5.9
the machine (lack
5.1.2.3
— Roll-over
of stability)
A.22 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power
Hazards from — Power transmission
A.22.2 6.4; 6.5 5.7
transmission
power
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Hazardous situation Clause/subclause of Clause/subclause of
a
No. Hazard
and event EN ISO 4254-1:2009 this Standard
between machines
Hazards from — Mounting of machines
A.22.3 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.2
coupling and
towing
A.23 From/to third persons
Insufficient — Operator's manual
A.24 8.1 8.1
instructions for
the
driver/operator
a
With reference to EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Table A.1.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall be in accordance with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this Clause. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1, Clause 5, for hazards
relevant, but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document. For those hazards, EN ISO 12100-2
may be used for guidance.
Except where otherwise specified in this European Standard, the machine shall be in accordance with
EN ISO 4254-1.
5.2 Attachment to tractor – prevention of uncontrolled movement
The backhoe shall be attached in a way that prevents movement in relation to the tractor once fitted. In
particular, unintentional rising of the tractor link arms during operation shall be prevented. This can be
achieved by means of a sub-frame or other device that creates a solid mechanical lock. Chains alone are not
considered to fulfil this requirement.
The device shall:
a) be necessary for the fitting of the machine on the tractor. This means that the installation of the device
shall not be a voluntary choice of the operator;
b) be integrated to the machine; it shall not be an easily removable part;
c) be easily adjustable; it shall be possible to adjust it without removing or deactivating it;
d) be removable only with specific tools.
An example of such device is given in Figure 1.
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Figure 1 – Example of safety locking device for the fitting of the machine on the tractor
5.3 Controls
5.3.1 Clearance
Manual controls which activation force, measured at the grip, is greater than, or equal to, 100 N shall have a
distance a greater than, or equal to, 50 mm between themselves or from other parts of the machine (see
Figure 2).
Manual controls which activation force, measured at the grip, is less than 100 N, shall have a distance a
greater than, or equal to, 25 mm between themselves or from other parts of the machine (see Figure 2).
Key
1 Manual controls
2 Part of the machine
Figure 2 – Clearance for manual controls
This requirement does not apply to fingertip operation controls, e.g. push-buttons, electric switches.
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Activation forces shall be in accordance with ISO 10968:2004.
5.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls
Controls shall be designed and arranged in order to be:
a) easily accessible and identifiable;
b) corresponding to functions shown in Figures 3 and 4;
c) permanently and visibly marked as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
Symbols shall be in accordance with ISO 3767-2.
Figure 3 – Configuration, functions and marking of a four-levers control
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Figure 4 – Configuration, functions and marking of a six-levers control
In Figures 3 and 4, one of the controls is referred to the opening and closing of the bucket. If the control is
used to activate other types of attachments, it has to be marked in order to clearly identify its function.
Controls shall automatically come back to neutral position when released. If the use of attachments that
require a continuous oil flow are foreseen, then a specific hydraulic line shall be provided and the instructions
for correct use shall be provided by the manufacturer.
Control levers shall be designed and protected in order to avoid inadvertent contact; as a protection, a tubular
guard may be used.
5.4 Operator’s work station
5.4.1 General
The reach zone for the controls of the machine shall be located in the hand and foot zone, as defined in
Figure 5.
Reach is defined:
a) for hands by a sphere of 1 000 mm radius, centred on the seat centreline, 60 mm in front of and 580 mm
above the seat index point (SIP) as defined in EN ISO 5353; and
b) for feet by a hemisphere of 800 mm radius centred on the seat centreline at the front edge of the cushion
and extending downwards, with the seat in its central position.
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Dimension in millimetres
Key
1 SIP (seat index point)
a Hemisphere radius (feet)
b Sphere radius (hands)
Figure 5 – Hand and foot reach
Operator’s work station shall:
a) be easily accessible; accessibility shall not be limited by controls or parts of the machine;
b) be resistant to the stresses imposed. The seat supporting device, in particular, shall resist without
permanent deformations to a vertical force of 2000 N, directed downwards, applied on the cushion of the
seat;
c) be provided with a platform for the feet of the operator. The platform shall be at least 160 mm wide and
200 mm long, for each foot. The platform shall have a lateral stop at each end and be so designed (e.g.
mudguards, perforated steps) that an accumulation of mud and/or snow is minimized under normal work
conditions;
d) be comfortable for the operator. Controls or other parts of the machine or of the tractor in the reach zone
shall not force the operator to an anti-ergonomic posture; they also shall not cause shearing, cutting or
impact hazard. In particular, the ends of the controls shall be located in the area specified in Figures 6
and 7, centred in respect of the operator’s seat (front view).
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a Controls' end
b SIP
c Platform for operator's feet
Figure 6 – Position of controls’ end
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A Specified area
X Distance t forward of SIP
2
Y Distance h above SIP
2
Figure 7 – Position of controls’ end: values for h , l
2 2
Operator’s seat shall be provid
...
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