SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
(Main)Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)
This International Standard gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations. These methods are valid for operating temperatures from -200 °C to +800 °C. The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated in the relevant clauses or annexes.
Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung - Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO 23993:2008, korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeiten aus Nennwerten der Wärmeleitfähigkeit für die Berechnung des wärmetechnischen Verhaltens von betriebstechnischen Anlagen fest. Diese Verfahren gelten für Betriebstemperaturen von −200 °C bis +800 °C. Die für die verschiedenen Einflüsse festgelegten Umrechnungsfaktoren gelten für die in den entsprechenden Abschnitten oder Anhängen angegebenen Temperaturbereiche.
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations industrielles - Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version corrigée 2009-10-01)
L'ISO 23993:2008 indique des méthodes de calcul de la conductivité thermique utile à partir de la conductivité thermique déclarée pour le calcul de la performance énergétique des équipements de bâtiments et des installations industrielles.
Ces méthodes s'appliquent pour des températures de service comprises entre -200 °C et +800 °C.
Les facteurs de conversion, déterminés pour les différentes influences, sont valables pour les plages de température indiquées dans les articles ou les annexes correspondants.
Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za opremo stavb in industrijske inštalacije - Določevanje projektne toplotne prevodnosti (ISO 23993:2008, popravljena različica 2009-10-01)
Ta mednarodni standard podaja metode za izračun projektne toplotne prevodnosti iz navedene toplotne prevodnosti za izračun toplotnega delovanja stavbne opreme in industrijskih inštalacij. Te metode veljajo za delovne temperature od –200 °C do +800 °C. Faktorji pretvorbe, vzpostavljeni za različne vplive, veljajo za temperaturne razpone, navedene v ustreznih klavzulah ali dodatkih.
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
01-marec-2011
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 23993:2008
Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za opremo stavb in industrijske inštalacije -
Določevanje projektne toplotne prevodnosti (ISO 23993:2008, popravljena različica
2009-10-01)
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations -
Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-
10-01)
Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und der technischen
Gebäudeausrüstung - Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO 23993:2008,
korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations
industrielles - Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version
corrigée 2009-10-01)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 23993:2010
ICS:
27.220 Rekuperacija toplote. Heat recovery. Thermal
Toplotna izolacija insulation
91.100.60 Materiali za toplotno in Thermal and sound insulating
zvočno izolacijo materials
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 23993
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2010
ICS 27.220; 91.120.10; 91.100.60 Supersedes EN ISO 23993:2008
English Version
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial
installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO
23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der
et les installations industrielles - Détermination de la Industrie und der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung -
conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO
corrigée 2009-10-01) 23993:2008, korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 23993:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EN ISO 23993:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EN ISO 23993:2010 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment” of the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23993:2010 by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is held by
SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 23993:2008.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO
23993:2010 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23993
First edition
2008-02-01
Corrected version
2009-10-01
Thermal insulation products for building
equipment and industrial installations —
Determination of design thermal
conductivity
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les
installations industrielles — Détermination de la conductivité thermique
utile
Reference number
ISO 23993:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity . 2
6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity . 3
7 Conversion of available data . 3
7.1 General. 3
7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference . 4
7.3 Conversion factor for moisture . 4
7.4 Conversion factor for ageing. 5
7.5 Conversion factor for compression. 5
7.6 Conversion factor for convection . 5
7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect. 5
7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints . 5
7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges,
e.g. spacers . 6
Annex A (normative) Conversion factors . 8
Annex B (informative) Examples of determination of the design thermal conductivity. 20
Annex C (informative) Approximate values of conversion factors . 23
Bibliography . 31
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 23993 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in collaboration with ISO Technical
Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2,
Calculation methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This International Standard is one of a series of standards on methods for the design and evaluation of the
thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations.
This corrected version of ISO 23993:2008 incorporates the following corrections plus other minor editorial
modifications.
Clause 4: The following two rows have been added to the table:
N number of spacers per square metre —
.
∆λ thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m K)
sq
Clause 6: Equations (1) and (2) have been re-inserted:
λ=+λλF∆ (1)
d
F =F F F F FFF (2)
ma c
∆θ C dj
7.9.2.2: The calculations have been modified as follows (i.e. with the substitution of ∆λ , the thermal
sq
2
conductivity per spacer per square metre, for ∆λ i.e., with the deletion of “/spacers/m ” from the units):
Spacers of steel in the form of a flat bar
30 mm × 3 mm ∆λ = 0,003 5 W/(m·K)
sq
40 mm × 4 mm ∆λ = 0,006 0 W/(m·K)
sq
50 mm × 5 mm ∆λ = 0,008 5 W/(m·K)
sq
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
A new Equation (6) has been added to define the relationship between ∆λ and ∆λ and the original
sq
Equation (6) renumbered to Equation (7).
7.9.3: The units “W(m·K)” have been corrected to “W/(m·K)”.
A.4.1 (twice) and A.4.2 (twice): The term “specific” has been added to the definition of W, “specific airflow
resistance.”
Annex B: The additional subtitles and introductory text, “B.1 Insulation materials” and “B.2 Conditions” have
been added. The line “Determination of the conversion factors and ∆λ” has been restyled as B.3 and
introductory text added.
Table C.1: The vertical line separating the subheadings “calcium-magnesium silicate fibre” and “calcium
silicate” and “microporous insulants” each from the subheading “Insulation” has been moved one column to
the left, i.e. from between the pictures for the two pipes to between the column “Application.” and the picture
of the horizontal pipe (consistent with other similar rows such as that for “mineral wool”).
Table C.1 (four times): The term “airflow resistance” has been replaced with the term “airflow resistivity”.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Introduction
The establishment of design values for thermal conductivity for the calculation of the thermal performance of
insulation systems for building equipment and industrial installations requires a consideration of various
possible influences affecting the thermal properties of the insulation products employed due to the operational
conditions of any individual insulation system.
Among these influences could be:
⎯ the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve over the temperature range in which the insulant may
be employed;
⎯ the thickness effect;
⎯ the effect of moisture in the insulant;
⎯ ageing effects, beyond those already incorporated in the declared value;
⎯ special installation effects such as single- or multi-layered installation.
In this International Standard, the conversion factors F, that need to be used in a variety of applications for a
variety of insulation products, are given and the principles and general equations as well as some guidance
for the establishment of design values for the calculation of the thermal performance of insulation systems are
described. The conversion factors valid for commonly employed insulation products are given in annexes.
They are well established in some cases and for some materials. Where experience is lacking and conversion
factors cannot be established accurately, they are given in the form of an “educated estimate” so that the
calculation result will be on the safe side, i.e. the calculated heat transfer will be greater than that actually
occurring when the calculation has obeyed the rules of this International Standard.
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23993:2008(E)
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and
industrial installations — Determination of design thermal
conductivity
1 Scope
This International Standard gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal
conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations.
These methods are valid for operating temperatures from −200 °C to +800 °C.
The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated
in the relevant clauses or annexes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8497, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties of thermal
insulation for circular pipes
ISO 9053, Acoustics — Material for acoustical applications — Determination of airflow resistance
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 13787, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of
declared thermal conductivity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9229 and the following
apply.
3.1
declared thermal conductivity
value of the thermal conductivity of a material or product used for building equipment and industrial
installations:
⎯ based on measured data at reference conditions of temperature and humidity;
⎯ given as a limit value, in accordance with the determination method in ISO 13787;
⎯ corresponding to a reasonable expected service lifetime under normal conditions
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
3.2
design thermal conductivity
value of thermal conductivity of an insulation material or product under specific external and internal
conditions which can be considered as typical of the performance of that material or product when
incorporated in a building equipment or industrial installation
4 Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
3 .
a compressibility coefficient m /(kg K)
C
D internal diameter of the layer m
d layer thickness m
d system thickness including air gap m
g
F overall conversion factor for thermal conductivity —
F ageing conversion factor —
a
F compression conversion factor —
C
F convection conversion factor —
c
F thickness conversion factor —
d
f thickness conversion coefficient —
d
F joint factor —
j
F moisture conversion factor —
m
3 3
f moisture conversion coefficient volume by volume m /m
ψ
F temperature difference conversion factor —
∆θ
N number of spacers per square metre —
u moisture content mass by mass kg/kg
θ Celsius temperature °C
.
λ declared thermal conductivity W/(m K)
d
.
λ design thermal conductivity W/(m K)
.
λ integrated thermal conductivity W/(m K)
.
∆λ additional thermal conductivity due to thermal bridges, such as W/(m K)
spacers, which are regular parts of the insulation
.
∆λ thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m K)
sq
3
ρ apparent density kg/m
3 3
ψ moisture content volume by volume m /m
5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity
Declared thermal conductivities shall be determined as given in ISO 13787.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
The product shall be described by its characteristics including a clear identification of the materials, the type
of facing if any, the structure, the blowing agent, the thickness and any other parameters having a possible
influence on thermal conductivity.
The declared thermal conductivity shall be determined either at a thickness large enough to neglect the
thickness effect or, for smaller thicknesses, based on measurements at those thicknesses.
6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity
The design value of thermal conductivity shall be determined from the declared thermal conductivity for the set
of conditions corresponding to the conditions of the expected application. Possible influences include the
following:
a) the average operating temperature, together with the hot and cold surface temperatures;
b) the average moisture content expected when the material is in equilibrium with a defined atmosphere
(temperature and relative humidity);
c) the ageing effect according to the application, if not included in the declared value;
d) the compression applied in the application;
e) the convection effect in the material;
f) the thickness effect;
g) the open joint effect;
h) the insulation-related thermal bridges, (thermal bridges that are regular part of the insulation system, e.g.
spacers), which are taken into account via a term ∆λ.
The design value of thermal conductivity shall be obtained either
⎯ from a declared thermal conductivity converted to the conditions of the application using Equation (1):
λ=+λλF∆ (1)
d
where the additional term ∆λ is obtained as given in 7.9 and the overall conversion factor F is given by:
F =F F F F FFF (2)
∆θ ma C c dj
⎯ or from values measured under application conditions.
NOTE Approximate values for F can be found in the informative Annex C.
7 Conversion of available data
7.1 General
Values of the different conversion factors for some insulating materials and operating conditions are given in
Annex A. Conversion factors derived from measured values according to the appropriate test methods, e.g.
EN 12667 or ISO 8497, may be used instead of the values in Annex A. If the material does not correspond to
the conditions for which the factors are given in Annex A, then the conversion factors derived from measured
values shall be used.
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference
If the design thermal conductivity is requested at the same reference mean temperature and if the hot and
cold surface temperatures are the same as for the declared thermal conductivity, no conversion is needed
(F = 1).
∆θ
In the case of thermal conductivity measurement made with the pipe tester (ISO 8497), no conversion is
needed when the measurement is carried out with the full temperature difference ∆θ.
If the design thermal conductivity is to be determined at another temperature from declared thermal
conductivities given in the form of a table of values at different temperatures, interpolation between values in
the table shall be based on the use of a best-fit equation such as a regression polynomial, of an order
sufficient to provide a correlation coefficient, r W 0,98.
If the design thermal conductivity is needed at the same reference mean temperature, but for another hot and
cold surface temperature difference, than that used for determining the declared thermal conductivity, the
conversion factor F shall be determined according to the procedure as given in A.1.
∆θ
If the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with the full temperature difference, F = 1. If
∆θ
the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with a ∆θ not exceeding 50 K, the procedure for
non-linearity applies.
If the design thermal conductivity is needed at another mean temperature than that of the declared thermal
conductivity and with another temperature difference, the procedures outlined above shall be followed
successively. As an alternative, the influence of the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve may be
taken into account by integrating the measured curve as given by Equation (3):
θ
1
2
λ = λθ dθ (3)
()
∫
θ
θθ−
1
21
The temperature difference conversion factor is given by:
λ
F = (4)
∆θ
λ()θ
where (λ θ) is the value read on the curve at the reference temperature.
7.3 Conversion factor for moisture
The conversion factor F for volume-related moisture content shall be determined as follows:
m
f ψ −ψ
( )
ψ 21
F = e (5)
m
where
f is the moisture content conversion coefficient volume by volume;
ψ
ψ is the moisture content volume by volume for the determination of declared value of thermal
1
conductivity;
ψ is the moisture content volume by volume for the actual application.
2
The content of moisture in a given application shall be determined either
⎯ by measurements carried out in the conditions of the expected application, or
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
⎯ by theoretical calculations using proven methods such as those given in ISO 15758 based on measured
values as described in ISO 12572, provided the assumptions on which they are based are met.
NOTE A possible test method to determine moisture content is given in EN 12088. If needed for the application, the
time period indicated in EN 12088 can be extended.
Some values of the coefficient f are given in A.2.
ψ
7.4 Conversion factor for ageing
The ageing depends upon the material type, facings, structures, the blowing agent, the temperature and the
thickness of the material. For a given material, the ageing effect can be obtained from theoretical models
validated by experimental data (see procedure in the product standard, where applicable).
No conversion is needed when the declared thermal conductivity or resistance already takes account of
ageing or when the ageing effect has been determined in conditions which do not significantly differ from the
design set of conditions.
If the set of conditions for the design thermal conductivities significantly differs from that in which the ageing
effect of the declared thermal conductivity has been determined, an ageing test in the set of conditions of the
design thermal conductivities shall be carried out.
If a conversion factor F is used, it shall allow for the calculation of the aged value of the thermal property
a
corresponding to a time not less than half the working lifetime of the product in the application concerned.
NOTE 1 The working lifetime for building equipment is often taken as 50 years.
NOTE 2 No conversion coefficients are given in this International Standard to derive the ageing conversion factor F .
a
No ageing conversion factor shall be used for mineral wool, ceramic fibre, calcium-magnesium silicate fibre,
calcium silicate, flexible elastomeric foam and cellular glass.
7.5 Conversion factor for compression
For compressible insulation products, the apparent density may change when the product is subject to load.
The influence on the thermal conductivity shall be taken into account by the factor F , which shall be
C
calculated as given in A.3.
7.6 Conversion factor for convection
The effect of convection in the case of vertical insulation layers shall be taken into account by a convection
factor F .
c
The factor F shall be calculated as given in A.4.
c
7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect
For insulation materials permeable to radiation, the thermal conductivity changes with increasing thickness. If
the design thermal conductivity is needed at other thicknesses than those of the declared thermal conductivity,
the factor F shall be determined as given in A.5.
d
7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints
The influence of joints on the design thermal conductivity shall be addressed by the conversion factor F ,
j
which shall be calculated as given in A.6.
The conversion factor F shall be applied if the thermal conductivity has been measured in accordance with
j
ISO 8497, with a pipe tester having fewer joints than the actual application.
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SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E)
7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges,
e.g. spacers
7.9.1 General
Components in the insulating layer which are regularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges like spacers
are taken into account by adding ∆λ to the corrected thermal conductivity λ of the installed insulation product
d
as given in Equation (1).
Plant-related and irregularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges, e.g. pipe mountings, supports,
armatures and frontal plates are thermal bridges which have to be considered as additional heat losses, e.g.
as described in ISO 12241.
7.9.2 Spacers
7.9.2.1 Spacers for sheet metal pipeline jackets
The additional thermal conductivity depends on a number of variables. The values indicated in the following
are approximate values and apply to comm
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung - Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO 23993:2008, korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations industrielles - Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version corrigée 2009-10-01)Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)91.100.60Thermal and sound insulating materials27.220Rekuperacija toplote. Toplotna izolacijaHeat recovery. Thermal insulationICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 23993:2010SIST EN ISO 23993:2011en,fr,de01-marec-2011SIST EN ISO 23993:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 23993:20081DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 23993
November 2010 ICS 27.220; 91.120.10; 91.100.60 Supersedes EN ISO 23993:2008English Version
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations industrielles - Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version corrigée 2009-10-01)
Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung - Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO 23993:2008, korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23993:2010: ESIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EN ISO 23993:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
EN ISO 23993:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23993:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 23993:2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 23993:2010 without any modification.
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
Reference numberISO 23993:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO23993First edition2008-02-01Corrected version2009-10-01 Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of design thermal conductivity Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations industrielles — Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
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ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.vi 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Symbols.2 5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity.2 6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity.3 7 Conversion of available data.3 7.1 General.3 7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference.4 7.3 Conversion factor for moisture.4 7.4 Conversion factor for ageing.5 7.5 Conversion factor for compression.5 7.6 Conversion factor for convection.5 7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect.5 7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints.5 7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges, e.g. spacers.6 Annex A (normative)
Conversion factors.8 Annex B (informative)
Examples of determination of the design thermal conductivity.20 Annex C (informative)
Approximate values of conversion factors.23 Bibliography.31
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23993 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). This International Standard is one of a series of standards on methods for the design and evaluation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations. This corrected version of ISO 23993:2008 incorporates the following corrections plus other minor editorial modifications. Clause 4: The following two rows have been added to the table: N number of spacers per square metre —
∆λsq=thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m.K)
Clause 6: Equations (1) and (2) have been re-inserted: dF=+∆λλλ (1) macdjCFFFFFFFF∆θ= (2) 7.9.2.2: The calculations have been modified as follows (i.e. with the substitution of ∆λsq, the thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre, for ∆λ= i.e., with the deletion of “/spacers/m2” from the units): Spacers of steel in the form of a flat bar 30 mm × 3 mm ∆λsq = 0,003 5 W/(m·K) 40 mm × 4 mm ∆λsq = 0,006 0 W/(m·K) 50 mm × 5 mm ∆λsq= 0,008 5 W/(m·K) SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved vA new Equation (6) has been added to define the relationship between ∆λ and ∆λsq and the original Equation (6) renumbered to Equation (7). 7.9.3: The units “W(m·K)” have been corrected to “W/(m·K)”. A.4.1 (twice) and A.4.2 (twice): The term “specific” has been added to the definition of W, “specific airflow resistance.” Annex B: The additional subtitles and introductory text, “B.1
Insulation materials” and “B.2
Conditions” have been added. The line “Determination of the conversion factors and ∆λ” has been restyled as B.3 and introductory text added. Table C.1: The vertical line separating the subheadings “calcium-magnesium silicate fibre” and “calcium silicate” and “microporous insulants” each from the subheading “Insulation” has been moved one column to the left, i.e. from between the pictures for the two pipes to between the column “Application.” and the picture of the horizontal pipe (consistent with other similar rows such as that for “mineral wool”). Table C.1 (four times): The term “airflow resistance” has been replaced with the term “airflow resistivity”. SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Introduction The establishment of design values for thermal conductivity for the calculation of the thermal performance of insulation systems for building equipment and industrial installations requires a consideration of various possible influences affecting the thermal properties of the insulation products employed due to the operational conditions of any individual insulation system. Among these influences could be: ⎯ the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve over the temperature range in which the insulant may be employed; ⎯ the thickness effect; ⎯ the effect of moisture in the insulant; ⎯ ageing effects, beyond those already incorporated in the declared value; ⎯ special installation effects such as single- or multi-layered installation. In this International Standard, the conversion factors F, that need to be used in a variety of applications for a variety of insulation products, are given and the principles and general equations as well as some guidance for the establishment of design values for the calculation of the thermal performance of insulation systems are described. The conversion factors valid for commonly employed insulation products are given in annexes. They are well established in some cases and for some materials. Where experience is lacking and conversion factors cannot be established accurately, they are given in the form of an “educated estimate” so that the calculation result will be on the safe side, i.e. the calculated heat transfer will be greater than that actually occurring when the calculation has obeyed the rules of this International Standard.
SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of design thermal conductivity 1 Scope This International Standard gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations. These methods are valid for operating temperatures from −200 °C to +800 °C. The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated in the relevant clauses or annexes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions ISO 8497, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties of thermal insulation for circular pipes ISO 9053, Acoustics — Material for acoustical applications — Determination of airflow resistance ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary ISO 13787, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of declared thermal conductivity 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9229 and the following apply. 3.1 declared thermal conductivity value of the thermal conductivity of a material or product used for building equipment and industrial installations: ⎯ based on measured data at reference conditions of temperature and humidity; ⎯ given as a limit value, in accordance with the determination method in ISO 13787; ⎯ corresponding to a reasonable expected service lifetime under normal conditions SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) 2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3.2 design thermal conductivity value of thermal conductivity of an insulation material or product under specific external and internal conditions which can be considered as typical of the performance of that material or product when incorporated in a building equipment or industrial installation 4 Symbols Symbol Quantity Unit aC compressibility coefficient m3/(kg.K) D internal diameter of the layer m d layer thickness m dg system thickness including air gap m F overall conversion factor for thermal conductivity — Fa ageing conversion factor — FC compression conversion factor — Fc convection conversion factor — Fd thickness conversion factor — fd thickness conversion coefficient — Fj joint factor — Fm moisture conversion factor — fψ moisture conversion coefficient volume by volume m3/m3 F∆θ temperature difference conversion factor — N number of spacers per square metre — u moisture content mass by mass kg/kg θ Celsius temperature °C λd declared thermal conductivity W/(m.K) λ design thermal conductivity W/(m.K) λ integrated thermal conductivity
W/(m.K) ∆λ additional thermal conductivity due to thermal bridges, such as spacers, which are regular parts of the insulation W/(m.K) ∆λsq=thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m.K) ρ apparent density kg/m3 ψ moisture content volume by volume m3/m3 5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity Declared thermal conductivities shall be determined as given in ISO 13787. SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3The product shall be described by its characteristics including a clear identification of the materials, the type of facing if any, the structure, the blowing agent, the thickness and any other parameters having a possible influence on thermal conductivity. The declared thermal conductivity shall be determined either at a thickness large enough to neglect the thickness effect or, for smaller thicknesses, based on measurements at those thicknesses. 6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity The design value of thermal conductivity shall be determined from the declared thermal conductivity for the set of conditions corresponding to the conditions of the expected application. Possible influences include the following: a) the average operating temperature, together with the hot and cold surface temperatures; b) the average moisture content expected when the material is in equilibrium with a defined atmosphere (temperature and relative humidity); c) the ageing effect according to the application, if not included in the declared value; d) the compression applied in the application; e) the convection effect in the material; f) the thickness effect; g) the open joint effect; h) the insulation-related thermal bridges, (thermal bridges that are regular part of the insulation system, e.g. spacers), which are taken into account via a term ∆λ. The design value of thermal conductivity shall be obtained either ⎯ from a declared thermal conductivity converted to the conditions of the application using Equation (1): dF=+∆λλλ (1) where the additional term ∆ is obtained as given in 7.9 and the overall conversion factor F is given by: macdjCFFFFFFFF∆θ= (2) ⎯ or from values measured under application conditions. NOTE Approximate values for F can be found in the informative Annex C. 7 Conversion of available data 7.1 General Values of the different conversion factors for some insulating materials and operating conditions are given in Annex A. Conversion factors derived from measured values according to the appropriate test methods, e.g. EN 12667 or ISO 8497, may be used instead of the values in Annex A. If the material does not correspond to the conditions for which the factors are given in Annex A, then the conversion factors derived from measured values shall be used. SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) 4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference If the design thermal conductivity is requested at the same reference mean temperature and if the hot and cold surface temperatures are the same as for the declared thermal conductivity, no conversion is needed (F∆θ = 1). In the case of thermal conductivity measurement made with the pipe tester (ISO 8497), no conversion is needed when the measurement is carried out with the full temperature difference ∆θ. If the design thermal conductivity is to be determined at another temperature from declared thermal conductivities given in the form of a table of values at different temperatures, interpolation between values in the table shall be based on the use of a best-fit equation such as a regression polynomial, of an order sufficient to provide a correlation coefficient, r W 0,98. If the design thermal conductivity is needed at the same reference mean temperature, but for another hot and cold surface temperature difference, than that used for determining the declared thermal conductivity, the conversion factor F∆θ shall be determined according to the procedure as given in A.1. If the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with the full temperature difference, F∆θ = 1. If the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with a ∆θ not exceeding 50 K, the procedure for non-linearity applies. If the design thermal conductivity is needed at another mean temperature than that of the declared thermal conductivity and with another temperature difference, the procedures outlined above shall be followed successively. As an alternative, the influence of the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve may be taken into account by integrating the measured curve as given by Equation (3): ()21211dθθλλθθθθ=−∫ (3) The temperature difference conversion factor is given by: ()Fθλλθ∆= (4) where ()λθ is the value read on the curve at the reference temperature. 7.3 Conversion factor for moisture The conversion factor Fm for volume-related moisture content shall be determined as follows: ()21mefFψψψ−= (5) where fψ is the moisture content conversion coefficient volume by volume; ψ1 is the moisture content volume by volume for the determination of declared value of thermal conductivity; ψ2 is the moisture content volume by volume for the actual application. The content of moisture in a given application shall be determined either ⎯ by measurements carried out in the conditions of the expected application, or SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5⎯ by theoretical calculations using proven methods such as those given in ISO 15758 based on measured values as described in ISO 12572, provided the assumptions on which they are based are met. NOTE A possible test method to determine moisture content is given in EN 12088. If needed for the application, the time period indicated in EN 12088 can be extended. Some values of the coefficient fψ are given in A.2. 7.4 Conversion factor for ageing The ageing depends upon the material type, facings, structures, the blowing agent, the temperature and the thickness of the material. For a given material, the ageing effect can be obtained from theoretical models validated by experimental data (see procedure in the product standard, where applicable). No conversion is needed when the declared thermal conductivity or resistance already takes account of ageing or when the ageing effect has been determined in conditions which do not significantly differ from the design set of conditions. If the set of conditions for the design thermal conductivities significantly differs from that in which the ageing effect of the declared thermal conductivity has been determined, an ageing test in the set of conditions of the design thermal conductivities shall be carried out. If a conversion factor Fa is used, it shall allow for the calculation of the aged value of the thermal property corresponding to a time not less than half the working lifetime of the product in the application concerned. NOTE 1 The working lifetime for building equipment is often taken as 50 years. NOTE 2 No conversion coefficients are given in this International Standard to derive the ageing conversion factor Fa. No ageing conversion factor shall be used for mineral wool, ceramic fibre, calcium-magnesium silicate fibre, calcium silicate, flexible elastomeric foam and cellular glass. 7.5 Conversion factor for compression For compressible insulation products, the apparent density may change when the product is subject to load. The influence on the thermal conductivity shall be taken into account by the factor FC, which shall be calculated as given in A.3. 7.6 Conversion factor for convection The effect of convection in the case of vertical insulation layers shall be taken into account by a convection factor Fc. The factor Fc shall be calculated as given in A.4. 7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect For insulation materials permeable to radiation, the thermal conductivity changes with increasing thickness. If the design thermal conductivity is needed at other thicknesses than those of the declared thermal conductivity, the factor Fd shall be determined as given in A.5. 7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints The influence of joints on the design thermal conductivity shall be addressed by the conversion factor Fj, which shall be calculated as given in A.6. The conversion factor Fj shall be applied if the thermal conductivity has been measured in accordance with ISO 8497, with a pipe tester having fewer joints than the actual application. SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) 6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges, e.g. spacers 7.9.1 General Components in the insulating layer which are regularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges like spacers are taken into account by adding ∆λ to the corrected thermal conductivity λd of the installed insulation product as given in Equation (1). Plant-related and irregularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges, e.g. pipe mountings, supports, armatures and frontal plates are thermal bridges which have to be considered as additional heat losses, e.g. as described in ISO 12241. 7.9.2 Spacers 7.9.2.1 Spacers for sheet metal pipeline jackets The additional thermal conductivity depends on a number of variables. The values indicated in the following are approximate values and apply to common insulating layer thicknesses from 100 mm to 300 mm and common insulation systems for heat protection. NOTE 1 Reference [9] in the Bibliography provides possible procedures for special insulation systems. Additions to thermal conductivity for steel spacers ∆λ = 0,010 W/(m·K) for austenitic steel spacers ∆λ = 0,004 W/(m·K) for ceramic spacers ∆λ = 0,003 W/(m·K) NOTE 2 These values can be used in the range of 50 mm to 200 mm, see Reference [10]. 7.9.2.2 Spacers for sheet metal jackets for walls Spacers of steel in the form of a flat bar 30 mm × 3 mm ∆λsq = 0,003 5 W/(m·K) 40 mm × 4 mm ∆λsq = 0,006 0 W/(m·K) 50 mm × 5 mm ∆λsq= 0,008 5 W/(m·K) Additions ∆λ to thermal conductivity to account for spacers for sheet metal jackets for walls depend on the number of spacers per square metre (m2). The total addition is calculated by: sqNλλ∆=∆ (6) where N is the number of spacers per square metre (m2); ∆λsq is the thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre. SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 77.9.3 Mechanical fasteners penetrating an insulation layer Additions ∆λ to thermal conductivity to account for fasteners depend on the number of fasteners per square metre (m2) and on the geometry. The total addition is calculated by: inλλ∆=∆ (7) where ∆λi is the additional conductivity due to fastener i (i = 1 … n). For steel fasteners, diameter 4 mm, 9 fasteners/m2: ∆λ = 0,006 W/(m⋅K). For austenitic steel fasteners, diameter 4 mm, 9 fasteners/m2: ∆λ = 0,004 W/(m⋅K). SIST EN ISO 23993:2011
ISO 23993:2008(E) 8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Annex A (normative)
Conversion factors A.1 Conversion factors for the influence of the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity versus temperature curve When not using directly integrated values for the thermal co
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
01-september-2010
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Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations -
Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-
10-01)
Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der Industrie und der technischen
Gebäudeausrüstung - Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO 23993:2008,
korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les installations
industrielles - Détermination de la conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version
corrigée 2009-10-01)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN ISO 23993
ICS:
91.100.60 0DWHULDOL]DWRSORWQRLQ Thermal and sound insulating
]YRþQRL]RODFLMR materials
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation
kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 23993
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2010
ICS 91.120.10; 27.220 Will supersede EN ISO 23993:2008
English Version
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial
installations - Determination of design thermal conductivity (ISO
23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01)
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment Wärmedämmung an betriebstechnischen Anlagen in der
et les installations industrielles - Détermination de la Industrie und der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung -
conductivité thermique utile (ISO 23993:2008, Version Bestimmung der Betriebswärmeleitfähigkeit (ISO
corrigée 2009-10-01) 23993:2008, korrigierte Fassung 2009-10-01)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 89.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN ISO 23993:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
FprEN ISO 23993:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
FprEN ISO 23993:2010 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment” of the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as FprEN ISO 23993:2010 by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is held by
SIS.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This document will supersede EN ISO 23993:2008.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 23993:2008, Corrected version 2009-10-01 has been approved by CEN as a FprEN ISO
23993:2010 without any modification.
3
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23993
First edition
2008-02-01
Corrected version
2009-10-01
Thermal insulation products for building
equipment and industrial installations —
Determination of design thermal
conductivity
Produits isolants thermiques pour l'équipement du bâtiment et les
installations industrielles — Détermination de la conductivité thermique
utile
Reference number
ISO 23993:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity . 2
6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity . 3
7 Conversion of available data . 3
7.1 General. 3
7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference . 4
7.3 Conversion factor for moisture . 4
7.4 Conversion factor for ageing. 5
7.5 Conversion factor for compression. 5
7.6 Conversion factor for convection . 5
7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect. 5
7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints . 5
7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges,
e.g. spacers . 6
Annex A (normative) Conversion factors . 8
Annex B (informative) Examples of determination of the design thermal conductivity. 20
Annex C (informative) Approximate values of conversion factors . 23
Bibliography . 31
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 23993 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in collaboration with ISO Technical
Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2,
Calculation methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This International Standard is one of a series of standards on methods for the design and evaluation of the
thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations.
This corrected version of ISO 23993:2008 incorporates the following corrections plus other minor editorial
modifications.
Clause 4: The following two rows have been added to the table:
N number of spacers per square metre —
.
∆λ thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m K)
sq
Clause 6: Equations (1) and (2) have been re-inserted:
λ=+λλF∆ (1)
d
F =F F F F FFF (2)
ma c
∆θ C dj
7.9.2.2: The calculations have been modified as follows (i.e. with the substitution of ∆λ , the thermal
sq
2
conductivity per spacer per square metre, for ∆λ i.e., with the deletion of “/spacers/m ” from the units):
Spacers of steel in the form of a flat bar
30 mm × 3 mm ∆λ = 0,003 5 W/(m·K)
sq
40 mm × 4 mm ∆λ = 0,006 0 W/(m·K)
sq
50 mm × 5 mm ∆λ = 0,008 5 W/(m·K)
sq
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
A new Equation (6) has been added to define the relationship between ∆λ and ∆λ and the original
sq
Equation (6) renumbered to Equation (7).
7.9.3: The units “W(m·K)” have been corrected to “W/(m·K)”.
A.4.1 (twice) and A.4.2 (twice): The term “specific” has been added to the definition of W, “specific airflow
resistance.”
Annex B: The additional subtitles and introductory text, “B.1 Insulation materials” and “B.2 Conditions” have
been added. The line “Determination of the conversion factors and ∆λ” has been restyled as B.3 and
introductory text added.
Table C.1: The vertical line separating the subheadings “calcium-magnesium silicate fibre” and “calcium
silicate” and “microporous insulants” each from the subheading “Insulation” has been moved one column to
the left, i.e. from between the pictures for the two pipes to between the column “Application.” and the picture
of the horizontal pipe (consistent with other similar rows such as that for “mineral wool”).
Table C.1 (four times): The term “airflow resistance” has been replaced with the term “airflow resistivity”.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
Introduction
The establishment of design values for thermal conductivity for the calculation of the thermal performance of
insulation systems for building equipment and industrial installations requires a consideration of various
possible influences affecting the thermal properties of the insulation products employed due to the operational
conditions of any individual insulation system.
Among these influences could be:
⎯ the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve over the temperature range in which the insulant may
be employed;
⎯ the thickness effect;
⎯ the effect of moisture in the insulant;
⎯ ageing effects, beyond those already incorporated in the declared value;
⎯ special installation effects such as single- or multi-layered installation.
In this International Standard, the conversion factors F, that need to be used in a variety of applications for a
variety of insulation products, are given and the principles and general equations as well as some guidance
for the establishment of design values for the calculation of the thermal performance of insulation systems are
described. The conversion factors valid for commonly employed insulation products are given in annexes.
They are well established in some cases and for some materials. Where experience is lacking and conversion
factors cannot be established accurately, they are given in the form of an “educated estimate” so that the
calculation result will be on the safe side, i.e. the calculated heat transfer will be greater than that actually
occurring when the calculation has obeyed the rules of this International Standard.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23993:2008(E)
Thermal insulation products for building equipment and
industrial installations — Determination of design thermal
conductivity
1 Scope
This International Standard gives methods to calculate design thermal conductivities from declared thermal
conductivities for the calculation of the thermal performance of building equipment and industrial installations.
These methods are valid for operating temperatures from −200 °C to +800 °C.
The conversion factors, established for the different influences, are valid for the temperature ranges indicated
in the relevant clauses or annexes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8497, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties of thermal
insulation for circular pipes
ISO 9053, Acoustics — Material for acoustical applications — Determination of airflow resistance
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 13787, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations — Determination of
declared thermal conductivity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9229 and the following
apply.
3.1
declared thermal conductivity
value of the thermal conductivity of a material or product used for building equipment and industrial
installations:
⎯ based on measured data at reference conditions of temperature and humidity;
⎯ given as a limit value, in accordance with the determination method in ISO 13787;
⎯ corresponding to a reasonable expected service lifetime under normal conditions
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
3.2
design thermal conductivity
value of thermal conductivity of an insulation material or product under specific external and internal
conditions which can be considered as typical of the performance of that material or product when
incorporated in a building equipment or industrial installation
4 Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
3 .
a compressibility coefficient m /(kg K)
C
D internal diameter of the layer m
d layer thickness m
d system thickness including air gap m
g
F overall conversion factor for thermal conductivity —
F ageing conversion factor —
a
F compression conversion factor —
C
F convection conversion factor —
c
F thickness conversion factor —
d
f thickness conversion coefficient —
d
F joint factor —
j
F moisture conversion factor —
m
3 3
f moisture conversion coefficient volume by volume m /m
ψ
F temperature difference conversion factor —
∆θ
N number of spacers per square metre —
u moisture content mass by mass kg/kg
θ Celsius temperature °C
.
λ declared thermal conductivity W/(m K)
d
.
λ design thermal conductivity W/(m K)
.
λ integrated thermal conductivity W/(m K)
.
∆λ additional thermal conductivity due to thermal bridges, such as W/(m K)
spacers, which are regular parts of the insulation
.
∆λ thermal conductivity per spacer per square metre W/(m K)
sq
3
ρ apparent density kg/m
3 3
ψ moisture content volume by volume m /m
5 Determination of declared thermal conductivity
Declared thermal conductivities shall be determined as given in ISO 13787.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
The product shall be described by its characteristics including a clear identification of the materials, the type
of facing if any, the structure, the blowing agent, the thickness and any other parameters having a possible
influence on thermal conductivity.
The declared thermal conductivity shall be determined either at a thickness large enough to neglect the
thickness effect or, for smaller thicknesses, based on measurements at those thicknesses.
6 Determination of the design value of thermal conductivity
The design value of thermal conductivity shall be determined from the declared thermal conductivity for the set
of conditions corresponding to the conditions of the expected application. Possible influences include the
following:
a) the average operating temperature, together with the hot and cold surface temperatures;
b) the average moisture content expected when the material is in equilibrium with a defined atmosphere
(temperature and relative humidity);
c) the ageing effect according to the application, if not included in the declared value;
d) the compression applied in the application;
e) the convection effect in the material;
f) the thickness effect;
g) the open joint effect;
h) the insulation-related thermal bridges, (thermal bridges that are regular part of the insulation system, e.g.
spacers), which are taken into account via a term ∆λ.
The design value of thermal conductivity shall be obtained either
⎯ from a declared thermal conductivity converted to the conditions of the application using Equation (1):
λ=+λλF∆ (1)
d
where the additional term ∆λ is obtained as given in 7.9 and the overall conversion factor F is given by:
F =F F F F FFF (2)
∆θ ma C c dj
⎯ or from values measured under application conditions.
NOTE Approximate values for F can be found in the informative Annex C.
7 Conversion of available data
7.1 General
Values of the different conversion factors for some insulating materials and operating conditions are given in
Annex A. Conversion factors derived from measured values according to the appropriate test methods, e.g.
EN 12667 or ISO 8497, may be used instead of the values in Annex A. If the material does not correspond to
the conditions for which the factors are given in Annex A, then the conversion factors derived from measured
values shall be used.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
7.2 Conversion factor for temperature difference
If the design thermal conductivity is requested at the same reference mean temperature and if the hot and
cold surface temperatures are the same as for the declared thermal conductivity, no conversion is needed
(F = 1).
∆θ
In the case of thermal conductivity measurement made with the pipe tester (ISO 8497), no conversion is
needed when the measurement is carried out with the full temperature difference ∆θ.
If the design thermal conductivity is to be determined at another temperature from declared thermal
conductivities given in the form of a table of values at different temperatures, interpolation between values in
the table shall be based on the use of a best-fit equation such as a regression polynomial, of an order
sufficient to provide a correlation coefficient, r W 0,98.
If the design thermal conductivity is needed at the same reference mean temperature, but for another hot and
cold surface temperature difference, than that used for determining the declared thermal conductivity, the
conversion factor F shall be determined according to the procedure as given in A.1.
∆θ
If the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with the full temperature difference, F = 1. If
∆θ
the thermal conductivity measurement has been carried out with a ∆θ not exceeding 50 K, the procedure for
non-linearity applies.
If the design thermal conductivity is needed at another mean temperature than that of the declared thermal
conductivity and with another temperature difference, the procedures outlined above shall be followed
successively. As an alternative, the influence of the non-linearity of the thermal conductivity curve may be
taken into account by integrating the measured curve as given by Equation (3):
θ
1
2
λ = λθ dθ (3)
()
∫
θ
θθ−
1
21
The temperature difference conversion factor is given by:
λ
F = (4)
∆θ
λ()θ
where (λ θ) is the value read on the curve at the reference temperature.
7.3 Conversion factor for moisture
The conversion factor F for volume-related moisture content shall be determined as follows:
m
f ψ −ψ
( )
ψ 21
F = e (5)
m
where
f is the moisture content conversion coefficient volume by volume;
ψ
ψ is the moisture content volume by volume for the determination of declared value of thermal
1
conductivity;
ψ is the moisture content volume by volume for the actual application.
2
The content of moisture in a given application shall be determined either
⎯ by measurements carried out in the conditions of the expected application, or
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
⎯ by theoretical calculations using proven methods such as those given in ISO 15758 based on measured
values as described in ISO 12572, provided the assumptions on which they are based are met.
NOTE A possible test method to determine moisture content is given in EN 12088. If needed for the application, the
time period indicated in EN 12088 can be extended.
Some values of the coefficient f are given in A.2.
ψ
7.4 Conversion factor for ageing
The ageing depends upon the material type, facings, structures, the blowing agent, the temperature and the
thickness of the material. For a given material, the ageing effect can be obtained from theoretical models
validated by experimental data (see procedure in the product standard, where applicable).
No conversion is needed when the declared thermal conductivity or resistance already takes account of
ageing or when the ageing effect has been determined in conditions which do not significantly differ from the
design set of conditions.
If the set of conditions for the design thermal conductivities significantly differs from that in which the ageing
effect of the declared thermal conductivity has been determined, an ageing test in the set of conditions of the
design thermal conductivities shall be carried out.
If a conversion factor F is used, it shall allow for the calculation of the aged value of the thermal property
a
corresponding to a time not less than half the working lifetime of the product in the application concerned.
NOTE 1 The working lifetime for building equipment is often taken as 50 years.
NOTE 2 No conversion coefficients are given in this International Standard to derive the ageing conversion factor F .
a
No ageing conversion factor shall be used for mineral wool, ceramic fibre, calcium-magnesium silicate fibre,
calcium silicate, flexible elastomeric foam and cellular glass.
7.5 Conversion factor for compression
For compressible insulation products, the apparent density may change when the product is subject to load.
The influence on the thermal conductivity shall be taken into account by the factor F , which shall be
C
calculated as given in A.3.
7.6 Conversion factor for convection
The effect of convection in the case of vertical insulation layers shall be taken into account by a convection
factor F .
c
The factor F shall be calculated as given in A.4.
c
7.7 Conversion factor for thickness effect
For insulation materials permeable to radiation, the thermal conductivity changes with increasing thickness. If
the design thermal conductivity is needed at other thicknesses than those of the declared thermal conductivity,
the factor F shall be determined as given in A.5.
d
7.8 Conversion factor for regular joints
The influence of joints on the design thermal conductivity shall be addressed by the conversion factor F ,
j
which shall be calculated as given in A.6.
The conversion factor F shall be applied if the thermal conductivity has been measured in accordance with
j
ISO 8497, with a pipe tester having fewer joints than the actual application.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 23993:2010
ISO 23993:2008(E)
7.9 Additional thermal conductivity for regularly insulation-related thermal bridges,
e.g. spacers
7.9.1 General
Components in the insulating layer which are regularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges like spacers
are taken into account by adding ∆λ to the corrected thermal conductivity λ of the installed insulation product
d
as given in Equation (1).
Plant-related and irregularly-spaced insulation-related thermal bridges, e.g. pipe mountings, supports,
armatures and frontal plates are thermal bridges which have to be considered as additional heat losses, e.g.
as described in ISO 12241.
7.9.2 Spacers
7.9.2.1 Spacers for sheet metal pipeline jackets
The additional thermal conductivity depends on a number of variables. The values indicated in the following
are approximate values and apply to common insulating layer thicknesses from 100 mm to 300 mm and
common insulation systems for heat protection.
NOTE 1 Reference [9] in the Bibliography provides possible procedures for special insulation systems.
Additions to thermal conductivity
for steel spacers ∆λ = 0,010 W/(m·K)
for austenitic steel spacers ∆λ = 0,004 W/(m·K)
for ceramic spacers ∆λ = 0,003 W/(m·K)
NOTE 2 These values can be used in the range of 50 mm to 200 mm, see Reference [10].
7.9.2.2 Spacers for sheet metal jackets for walls
Spacers of steel in the form of a flat bar
30 mm × 3 mm ∆λ = 0,003 5 W/(m·K)
sq
40 mm × 4 mm ∆λ = 0,006 0 W/(m·K)
sq
50 mm × 5 mm ∆λ = 0,008 5 W/(m·K)
sq
A
...
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