SIST EN 13749:2021+A1:2024
(Main + Amendment)Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements of bogie frames
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements of bogie frames
This document specifies the method to be followed to achieve a satisfactory design of bogie frames and includes design procedures, assessment methods, verification and manufacturing quality requirements. It is limited to the structural requirements of bogie frames including bolsters and axlebox housings. For the purpose of this document, these terms are taken to include all functional attachments, e.g. damper brackets.
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Festlegungsverfahren für Festigkeitsanforderungen an Drehgestellrahmen
Dieses Dokument legt das Verfahren fest, das für eine zufriedenstellende Konstruktion von Drehgestellrahmen anzuwenden ist, einschließlich Entwicklungsverfahren, Bewertungsverfahren, Prüfung und Qualitätsanforde¬rungen für die Herstellung. Es beschränkt sich auf die Festigkeitsanforderungen von Drehgestellrahmen einschließlich Traversen und Radsatzlagergehäusen. Für die Anwendung dieses Dokumentes beinhalten diese Begriffe alle funktionellen Zusatzeinrichtungen, z. B. Dämpferhalter.
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Méthode pour spécifier les exigences en matière de résistance des structures de châssis de bogie
Le présent document spécifie la méthode à suivre pour réaliser une conception satisfaisante des châssis de bogie et comprend les modes opératoires de conception, les méthodes d'évaluation, ainsi que les exigences relatives à la vérification et à la qualité de fabrication. Il se limite aux exigences structurelles des châssis de bogie, incluant les traverses de charge et les corps de boîtes d'essieu. Pour les besoins du présent document, ces termes sont considérés comme comprenant toutes les fixations fonctionnelles, comme les supports d'amortisseurs par exemple.
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Metoda za specificiranje konstrukcijskih zahtev okvirjev podstavnih vozičkov (vključno z dopolnilom A1)
Ta dokument določa metodo za doseganje ustrezne zasnove okvirjev podstavnih vozičkov in vključuje postopke projektiranja, metode ocenjevanja, preverjanje in zahteve za kakovost izdelave. Omejen je na konstrukcijske zahteve okvirjev podstavnih vozičkov, vključno s podložniki in ohišji ležajev. Za namene tega dokumenta ti izrazi vključujejo vse funkcionalne pritrdilne elemente, npr. nosilce blažilnikov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2024
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Metoda za
specificiranje konstrukcijskih zahtev okvirjev podstavnih vozičkov (vključno z
dopolnilom A1)
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural
requirements of bogie frames
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Festlegungsverfahren für
Festigkeitsanforderungen an Drehgestellrahmen
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Méthode pour spécifier les
exigences en matière de résistance des structures de châssis de bogie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13749:2021+A1:2023
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 13749:2021+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13749:2021
English Version
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of
specifying the structural requirements of bogie frames
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -
Méthode pour spécifier les exigences en matière de Festlegungsverfahren für Festigkeitsanforderungen an
résistance des structures de châssis de bogie Drehgestellrahmen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 February 2021 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 10 October
2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13749:2021+A1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Technical specification . 8
4.1 Scope . 8
4.2 General requirements . 8
4.3 Design load cases . 8
4.4 Vehicle conditions and interfaces . 9
4.5 Particular requirements . 9
5 Verification of the design data . 9
6 Validation and acceptance of the design . 9
6.1 General. 9
6.2 The validation plan . 10
6.2.1 Content . 10
6.2.2 Structural analysis . 11
6.2.3 Static tests . 12
6.2.4 Fatigue tests . 12
6.2.5 Track tests . 13
7 Quality requirements . 14
Annex A (informative) Symbols and units used in the informative annexes . 15
A.1 Forces . 15
A.2 Accelerations . 16
A.3 Masses . 16
A.4 Other symbols and units . 17
A.5 Coordinate system . 17
A.6 Bogie classification . 19
Annex B (informative) Load cases . 20
Annex C (informative) Loads due to bogie running . 22
C.1 General. 22
C.2 Examples of loads for bogies of passenger rolling stock - categories B-I and B-II . 23
C.2.1 Exceptional loads . 23
C.2.2 Normal service loads . 24
C.3 Examples of loads for freight bogies with a central pivot and two sidebearers -
category B-V . 24
C.3.1 Bogie types . 24
C.3.2 Relationship of vertical forces . 24
C.3.3 Exceptional loads . 25
C.3.4 Normal service loads . 26
C.4 Examples of loads for bogies of locomotives (with two bogies) - category B-VII . 27
C.4.1 Exceptional loads . 27
C.4.2 Normal service loads . 28
C.5 Examples of loads for bogies of metro, rapid transit, light rail vehicles and trams -
categories B-III and B-IV . 28
C.5.1 Application . 28
C.5.2 Load cases . 28
C.5.3 General expressions for the basic load cases . 29
Annex D (informative) Loads due to components attached to the bogie frame. 30
D.1 General . 30
D.2 Component inertia loads . 30
D.2.1 Derivation . 30
D.2.2 Design accelerations for equipment attached to the bogie frame . 31
D.2.3 Design accelerations for equipment attached to the axlebox . 31
D.3 Loads resulting from viscous dampers . 31
D.4 Loads resulting from braking . 32
D.5 Loads resulting from traction motors . 32
D.6 Forces applied on anti-roll systems . 32
Annex E (informative) Analysis methods and acceptance criteria . 33
E.1 General. 33
E.2 Loads . 33
E.3 Analysis and acceptance . 33
E.4 Structural acceptance criteria . 33
E.4.1 Principle . 33
E.4.2 Utilization . 34
E.4.3 Safety factor . 34
E.4.4 Material strength . 35
Annex F (informative) Examples of static test programmes . 40
F.1 General. 40
F.2 Static test programme for bogies of passenger rolling stock with body supported
directly to the sideframe (categories B-I and B-II) . 41
F.2.1 Tests under exceptional loads . 41
F.2.2 Tests under normal service loads . 41
F.3 Static test programme for bogies with central pivot and two sidebearers (category B-
V). 43
F.3.1 Bogie types . 43
F.3.2 Tests under exceptional loads . 43
F.3.3 Tests under normal service loads . 44
F.4 Static test programme for bogies of locomotives . 45
F.5 Static test programme for bogies of light rail vehicles and trams . 45
F.5.1 General. 45
F.5.2 Tests under exceptional loads . 45
F.5.3 Tests under normal service loads . 46
Annex G (informative) Examples of fatigue test programmes . 47
G.1 General. 47
G.2 Fatigue test programme for bogies with the body supported directly on the
sideframes (categories B-I and B-II) . 48
G.3 Fatigue test programme for a freight bogie with a central pivot and two sidebearers
(category B-V) . 51
G.3.1 General. 51
G.3.2 Vertical loads . 51
G.3.3 Transverse loads . 51
G.4 Fatigue test programme for locomotive bogies (category B-VII) . 53
G.5 Fatigue test programme for bogies of light rail vehicles and trams (category B-IV) . 53
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EU aimed to be covered . 54
Bibliography . 56
European foreword
This document (EN 13749:2021+A1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 10 October 2023.
This document supersedes !EN 13749:2021".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
The general scope and requirements of EN 13749 are unaltered by this revision. Changes were necessary
to mainly correct errors in some formulae and textural corrections in line with the CEN rules.
Informative annexes in this standard give additional information that is not mandatory but intended to
assist the understanding or use of the document.
NOTE Informative annexes sometimes contain optional requirements. For instance, a test method that is
optional, or expressed as an example, contains requirements but there is no need to comply with these requirements
to claim compliance with the document.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the method to be followed to achieve a satisfactory design of bogie frames and
includes design procedures, assessment methods, verification and manufacturing quality requirements.
It is limited to the structural requirements of bogie frames including bolsters and axlebox housings. For
the purpose of this document, these terms are taken to include all functional attachments, e.g. damper
brackets.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15085-1:2007+A1:2013, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 1:
General
EN 15085-2:2007, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 2: Quality
requirements and certification of welding manufacturer
EN 15085-3:2007, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 3: Design
requirements
EN 15085-4:2007, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 4: Production
requirements
EN 15085-5:2007, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 5: Inspection,
testing and documentation
EN 15663:2017+A1:2018, Railway applications - Vehicle reference masses
EN 15827:2011, Railway applications - Requirements for bogies and running gears
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15827:2011 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp/
NOTE Annex A identifies the symbols, units, coordinate system and bogie categories used in the informative
annexes to this European Standard.
3.1
axlebox
assembly comprising the box housing, rolling bearings, sealing and grease
3.2
bogie frame
load-bearing structure generally located between primary and secondary suspension
3.3
bolster
transverse load-bearing structure between vehicle body and bogie frame
3.4
static force
force which is constant with time
Note 1 to entry: Force due to gravity is an example of static force.
3.5
quasi-static force
force, which changes with time at a rate which does not cause dynamic excitation
Note 1 to entry: Quasi-static force might remain constant for limited periods.
3.6
dynamic force
transient, impulsive or continuous force, uniform or random, that changes with time at a rate that causes
dynamic excitation
3.7
load case
set of loads or combinations of loads that represents a loading condition to which the structure or
component is subjected
3.8
exceptional load case
extreme load case representing the maximum load at which full serviceability is to be maintained and
used for assessment against static material properties
3.9
fatigue load case
repetitive load case used for assessment against fatigue strength
3.10
safety factor
factor applied during the strength assessment which makes an allowance for a combination of the
uncertainties and the safety criticality
3.11
sideframe
longitudinal structural member of the bogie frame
3.12
primary suspension
suspension system consisting of the resilient elements (and associated connecting and locating parts)
generally located between the axlebox and bogie frame
3.13
secondary suspension
suspension system consisting of the resilient elements (and associated connecting and locating parts)
generally located between the bogie frame and vehicle body or bolster
3.14
track testing
performing of tests under expected service conditions, on railway infrastructure that represents the
actual operating environment, and monitoring and recording the responses
3.15
validation
process of demonstrating by analysis and/or test that the system under consideration meets in all
respects the technical specification, including requirements due to regulations, for that system
3.16
verification
process of demonstrating by comparison or testing that an analytical result or estimated value is of an
acceptable level of accuracy
4 Technical specification
4.1 Scope
The technical specification shall consist of all the information describing the functional requirements of
the bogie frame and the interfaces with associated components and assemblies. It shall also comprise, as
a minimum, the general requirements of use, the conditions associated with the vehicle equipped with
the bogies, the operating characteristics, the conditions associated with maintenance and any other
particular requirements.
The technical specification shall also identify all appropriate mandatory regulations and define the parts
of the validation and acceptance procedure (Clause 6) and the quality requirements (Clause 7), which are
specifically required, and the way in which evidence to show that the requirements have been met is to
be provided.
NOTE If the customer is unable to define the technical specification completely the supplier usually proposes
a technical specification and submits it to the customer (and the approval authority where relevant) for agreement.
4.2 General requirements
The technical specification shall indicate the type of bogie required in terms of its use. It shall also indicate
the intended life of the bogie, its average annual distance run and its total distance run and all the
information that is applicable to a bogie frame associated with the Essential Requirements of a TSI as
indicated in EN 15827:2011. Information that is particularly relevant to bogie frame design is indicated
in the following clauses.
4.3 Design load cases
The technical specification for the bogie frame shall consist primarily of the load cases required for the
design of the bogie as specified in EN 15827:2011, plus any additional load cases required by that
standard or arising from the application. The load cases shall be based on the vehicle mass states given
in EN 15663:2017+A1:2018. However, for some applications and fatigue assessment methods it will be
necessary to use additional vehicle loading conditions (expressed as functions of the cases in
EN 15663:2017+A1:2018) to obtain an accurate description of the vehicle payload spectrum for design
purposes.
The development of the design load cases is discussed in Annex B and examples of design load cases
associated with bogie running and due to the attachment of equipment are given in Annexes C and D
respectively.
NOTE If the endurance limit approach to fatigue strength assessment is to be used, the data on the number of
events is not required and only the extreme repetitive load conditions need to be specified.
4.4 Vehicle conditions and interfaces
The technical specification shall also include the following information from the requirements of
EN 15827:2011 interpreted for applicability to the bogie frame:
— vehicle body interfaces and clearances;
— gauge reference profile and bogie movement envelope;
— suspension geometry and attachments;
— interfaces to traction and braking systems and all other attached equipment;
— electrical and pneumatic system connections;
— environmental requirements;
— maintenance requirements.
4.5 Particular requirements
The technical specification shall indicate any particular requirements related to the bogie frame that are
not covered by the above clauses, for example, operating conditions, materials, types of construction and
methods of assembly (e.g. treatment of welds, shot peening).
5 Verification of the design data
All necessary means (e.g. analysis, drawings, tests) shall be used to carry out the design.
The information supporting the design of the bogie frame shall be verified by the documents specified in
the technical specification and those required by applicable standards and regulations which permit:
— the bogie frames to be designed and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the
technical specification, EN 15827:2011 and this document;
— all the checks considered necessary for the validation and acceptance to be carried out.
6 Validation and acceptance of the design
6.1 General
The aim of the validation plan is to prove that the design of the bogie frame fulfils the conditions specified
in the technical specification. In addition, it shall show that the behaviour of the bogie frame, constructed
according to the design, will give satisfactory service without the occurrence of defects such as
catastrophic rupture, permanent deformation and fatigue cracks. It shall further demonstrate that there
is no adverse influence on the associated bogie components or sub-assemblies.
The validation plan shall be compatible with that for the bogie as a whole as specified in EN 15827:2011
and in particular the requirements of the following clauses of this European Standard.
Acceptance of the product will normally be dependent on a satisfactory completion of the validation plan
but may contain other conditions outside the scope of this European Standard.
The technical specification shall include guidance on how the bogie design is to be validated (including
conformance with any applicable regulations) and shall state all the parameters that are necessary for
the application of the different parts of the procedure. These parameters shall be specified in three stages:
— the validation plan (e.g. combination of load cases for analysis and static tests, programmes for
fatigue tests, routes for track tests);
— the values of the different load cases;
— the acceptance criteria (treatment of measured or calculated values, limiting stresses, criteria for
completion of fatigue tests, etc.).
Clause 6.2 specifies which parts of the validation plan should be included in any particular case.
NOTE In order that the acceptance procedure is completely specified, the supplier identifies the methods of
demonstrating conformance to the requirements if they are not incorporated into the technical specification.
6.2 The validation plan
6.2.1 Content
The validation plan shall comprise a list of the validation steps planned to demonstrate compliance to the
requirements specified in the technical specification.
The procedure for the validation of the mechanical strength of a bogie frame against the acceptance
criteria shall be established on the basis of:
— analysis;
— laboratory static tests;
— laboratory fatigue tests;
— track tests.
The procedure for the validation of the mechanical strength of an axlebox housing may be validated by
FEA simulation and laboratory fatigue testing or on-track-testing only.
NOTE 1 Annex D identifies the design requirements for attached equipment and validation testing is defined
from a risk assessment for the particular equipment.
NOTE 2 For bolster structures which are positioned immediately above the secondary suspension, the loads in
EN 12663 can be used.
The content of the plan shall be related to the importance of the problem to be dealt with. In principle,
the validation plan shall identify and address those design assumptions and solutions that need to be
verified.
All structural components shall be analysed to demonstrate that they will carry the loads to which they
are subject.
For a new design of bogie frame destined for a new type of application all four validation stages shall be
used, though the fatigue tests can be replaced by other methods of demonstrating the required fatigue
life. The plan shall establish a strategy which defines the steps to be taken and the degree of testing
necessary to verify, and give confidence in, the analytical results.
NOTE 3 This will determine the scope and objectives for the laboratory and track tests.
The load cases for freight wagon bogies are often based on the experience of the railways over a long
period of time and these loads are generally applicable to all similar freight bogie designs. It is common
practice that a freight bogie which has passed an appropriate fatigue test will not be subject to structural
assessment track tests (only to those validating the dynamic behaviour).
The general requirements of the individual validation records are:
— definition of the validation objective;
— documentation of the method applied (including its limitations);
— presentation of the results;
— definition of acceptance criteria;
— statement of compliance.
In principle the same acceptance criteria should be applied to both the design and testing phases. For
example, if the endurance limit approach is used for the analytical verification of the design it shall also
be applied for the testing phase. However, if during testing the design cannot be verified using the basis
of the endurance limit approach then a life assessment using an appropriate cumulative damage
approach can be undertaken.
Where the design is a development of an earlier product any previous data, or other evidence of
satisfactory performance that is still applicable, can be offered as validation of the revised product.
In the case of an existing design of bogie frame intended for a new application, or a modification to an
existing design, a reduced programme can be used, depending on the significance of the differences. If the
differences are small, analysis, supported if necessary, by measurements made during a limited test
programme, will be sufficient to validate the design.
Static tests and fatigue tests shall be carried out in accordance with the technical specification and
applicable regulations and to a level that is considered necessary to validate the design satisfactorily.
For the validation to be acceptable the series production bogie frames and the test frames shall be
manufactured according to an equivalent set of specifications, including drawings, procedures and
quality plan. Any differences that could influence the outcome of the tests shall be shown to be acceptable.
The test rig equipment shall be capable of producing, as far as is reasonably practicable, the same stresses
as those which would appear on the bogie frame when placed under its intended vehicle and supported
on its suspension.
In the case of an order for a very small number of bogies it might be impractical to justify all stages of the
normal validation procedure. In such cases, analysis shall always be carried out and this shall be
supported by taking the alternative measures specified in EN 15827:2011.
Where the load cases for a freight wagon bogie are based on the experience of the railways over a long
period of time and these loads are generally applicable to all similar freight bogie designs, it is acceptable
that a freight bogie which has passed an appropriate fatigue test need not be subject to structural track
testing.
6.2.2 Structural analysis
In addition to the general requirements of the validation records in 6.2.1 structural analysis reports shall
include the following information:
— boundary conditions, including design load cases and combinations (as specified in EN 15827:2011
and discussed in Annex B);
— documentation of the simulation model used (including limitations and simplifications);
— locations and types of stresses being assessed (e.g. principal, von Mises);
— permissible design limits (e.g. allowable stresses) and their basis/origin;
— any particular acceptance criteria (e.g. stiffness, deflections, such as the interface between the
axlebox housing and bearing);
— documentation of utilization at critical details (see E 4.2).
Load case data specific to the application, and which takes account of the bogie suspension
characteristics, vehicle body parameters, track and operating characteristics, should always be used
where such data are available (e.g. established empirical data or data from simulations, tests or a previous
similar application). Annexes C and D provide examples of design load case data which has been used for
specific applications, but this data cannot be considered to apply universally. It should be noted that the
load case data in Annexes C and D does not take account of differences in the bogie suspension or the
vehicle body characteristics or of load changes resulting from active suspension (e.g. tilt) systems, etc.
The structural analysis shall be carried out using the validation process and acceptance criteria as
required by EN 15827:2011.
Annex E gives further guidance on factors to be considered in defining an analysis programme and
includes the structural acceptance criteria as specified in EN 15827:2011.
6.2.3 Static tests
In addition to the general requirements for validation records in 6.2.1, laboratory static test reports shall
include the following:
— documentation of the test program performed including magnitudes and combinations, direction
and position of the loads (nominal values and actual values that have been applied);
— documentation of the test setup including jigs and actuators and any inherent simplifications and
limitations;
— documentation of the measuring equipment, including type and location of sensors (strain gauges,
load cells, displacement transducers, etc.) and associated calibration certification;
— methods of evaluation and interpretation of measured strains/stresses and permissible values;
— utilization results for the individual measurement locations.
The loads applied in the tests shall be based on the design load cases.
Annex F indicates general considerations and gives examples of programmes for static tests. Again, this
data cannot be considered to apply universally as the load cases do not consider differences in the bogie
suspension or the vehicle body characteristics. Therefore, these examples shall be followed only when
they can be shown to be applicable.
6.2.4 Fatigue tests
In addition to the general requirements for validation records in 6.2.1, laboratory fatigue test reports
shall include the following:
— documentation of the test program performed including magnitudes and combinations, direction
and position of the loads, number of load cycles (nominal values and actual values that have been
applied);
— documentation of test setup including jigs and actuators and any inherent simplifications and
limitations;
— documentation of the measuring equipment including type and location of sensors (strain gauges,
load cells, etc.) and associated calibration certification;
— acceptance criteria (including schedules and methods of the non-destructive testing);
— test records of non-destructive tests;
— interpretation of results against the acceptance criteria.
The fatigue test plan shall be determined for the specific application.
Annex G indicates general considerations and gives examples of programmes for fatigue tests but, as for
the static tests, these programmes do not consider differences in the bogie suspension or the vehicle body
characteristics and shall be adopted only if they can be shown to be appropriate to the application.
6.2.5 Track tests
In addition to the general requirements for the validation records in 6.2.1, track test reports shall include:
— documentation of the test vehicle including the loading conditions;
— documentation of the test program including test routes, length, type of track, operating conditions;
— documentation of the measuring equipment used, including types and locations of sensors (strain
gauges, load cells, displacement transducers, accelerometers, etc.) and associated calibration
certification;
— methods of evaluation and interpretation of measured strains/stresses and permissible values;
— interpretation of results for the individual measurement locations.
To produce valid results the track tests shall be carried out with the test vehicle, payloads, track quality
and speed profile all representative of the intended operating conditions. If the environment can affect
the test results the tests shall be carried out under suitable conditions.
NOTE 1 The validation objectives that can be obtained by track tests are:
— verification of design assumptions concerning operating conditions and the operating envelope (without the
limitations and simplifications that are inherent in simulations);
— verification/determination of real strain time histories (spectra/collectives) at the measurement locations
under real operating conditions (without the limitations and simplifications of structural simulation models
and load assumptions);
— design life estimation on the basis of real measured strain time histories (spectra/collectives) and a theoretical
fatigue hypothesis.
NOTE 2 The limitations of track tests are:
— the test program can only represent a small part of the total operating design life of the bogie;
— simplification is unavoidable in the extrapolation of the test results to the total design life of bogie and the
assessment of the results considers the degree to which the test program was able to represent the total real-
life conditions;
— the design life prediction is based on a theoretical fatigue hypothesis and therefore has a level of confidence
limited by the hypothesis itself (including any uncertainties in the classification of the assessed detail).
7 Quality requirements
For the validation to be applicable, all manufactured bogie frames shall be of a quality consistent with the
requirements of the technical specification and the assumptions and data used as the basis of the design.
The bogie frame design and manufacture shall be covered by a quality plan as required by
EN 15827:2011.
Welded fabrication shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
EN 15085-1:2007+A1:2013 to EN 15085-5:2007 or to a process that gives an equivalent level of control.
Annex A
(informative)
Symbols and units used in the informative annexes
NOTE Certain symbols used in this document can have a different meaning to those adopted in related
standards (e.g. EN 13103-1 and EN 13979-1). The following tables in this annex describe symbols used in this
standard.
A.1 Forces
Table A.1 — Forces
Force (N) Position Symbol
Static Quasi-Static Dynamic
Vertical Load applied to bogie F
z
Force on sideframe 1 or F F F
z1 z1qs z1d
sidebearer 1
Force on sideframe 2 or F F F
z2 z2qs z2d
sidebearer 2
Force on centre pivot F F F
zp zpqs zpd
Force at (vehicle body) c of g F
zc
Transverse Load applied to bogie F
y
Force on axle 1 F F F
y1 y1qs y1d
Force on axle 2 F F F
y2 y2qs y2d
Force at (vehicle body) c of g F
yc
Force due to wind F
w1
Longitudinal Force at each wheel F
x1
Force at (vehicle body) c of g F
xc
Force at (vehicle bogie) c of g F
x
A.2 Accelerations
Table A.2 — Accelerations
Acceleration (m/s ) Symbol
Vehicle Bogie
body (primary
sprung)
Vertical
a a
zc zb
Transverse (dynamic)
a a
yc yb
Centrifugal (quasi-static)
a a
ycc ycb
Longitudinal
a a
xc xb
A.3 Masses
Table A.3 — Masses
Mass (kg) Symbol
Vehicle in working order
M
V
Vehicle body
m
+
Bogie mass without any secondary spring
m
masses (if present)
Bogie primary sprung mass
m
Design mass under exceptional payload
P
Design mass under normal service payload
P
The values assigned to the above symbols should be based on the descriptions of the quantities in
EN 15663:2017+A1:2018.
A.4 Other symbols and units
Table A.4 — Other symbols and units
Other Symbol Unit
g 2
Acceleration due to gravity 9,806 65 m/s
q 2
Wind pressure N/m
σ
Stress N/mm
Determined stress 2
...
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