SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
(Main)Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)
This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and
projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up,
projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time,
electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on
weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be
evaluated relative to the welding result obtained
Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren für das Bewerten der allgemeinen Schweißeignung für das Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und Buckelschweißen unbeschichteter und beschichteter Metalle fest.
Die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Prüfungen dienen folgenden Zwecken:
a) Vergleichen der metallurgischen Schweißeignung der unterschiedlichen Metalle;
b) Bewerten der Schweißeignung unterschiedlich gestalteter Bauteile, z. B. der maßlichen Konfiguration, der Schichtung der zu schweißenden Teile, der geometrischen Gestalt des Schweiß-buckels usw.;
c) Untersuchen des Einflusses von Veränderungen der Schweißparameter auf die Schweißeignung, wie Schweißstrom, Schweißzeit, Elektrodenkraft oder komplizierte Schweißprogramme einschließlich Mehrimpulsschweißen, Stepperfunktion für den Schweißstrom usw.; und/oder
d) Vergleichen der Leistungsfähigkeit der Widerstandsschweißeinrichtung.
Die genauen Details des anzuwendenden Prüfverfahrens hängen davon ab, welcher Aspekt der Punkte a) bis d) in Bezug auf das erhaltene Schweißergebnis zu bewerten ist.
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Le présent document spécifie les modes opératoires à suivre pour évaluer la soudabilité générique pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossage des métaux revêtus et non revêtus.
L'objectif des essais décrits dans le présent document est:
a) de comparer la soudabilité métallurgique de différents métaux,
b) d’évaluer la soudabilité des différentes configurations d'assemblage, telles que la configuration dimensionnelle, l’empilement de tôles, la géométrie du bossage, etc.,
c) d’étudier les effets des changements sur les paramètres de soudage tels que le courant de soudage, le temps de soudage, l'effort de soudage ou les programmes de soudage complexes incluant le soudage avec pulsations, l'incrémentation du courant de soudage, etc., et/ou
d) de comparer les performances des matériels pour le soudage par résistance.
Les détails précis du mode opératoire d'essai à utiliser dépendent de la nature exacte des points a) à d) à évaluer en rapport avec le résultat obtenu en soudage.
Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Ta dokument določa postopke za ocenjevanje splošne varivosti za uporovno točkovno, kolutno in bradavično varjenje prevlečenih in neprevlečenih kovin.
Preskusi, opisani v tem dokumentu, so namenjeni za:
a) primerjavo metalurške varivosti različnih kovin;
b) ocenjevanje varivosti komponent z različnimi zasnovami, npr. dimenzijska konfiguracija, nalaganje plasti, projektivna geometrija itd.;
c) raziskovanje učinkov sprememb parametrov varjenja, kot so varilni tok, čas varjenja, sila elektrode ali kompleksni načrti varjenja, vključno s pulznim varjenjem, koračnim povečevanjem varilnega toka itd., na varivost; in/ali d) primerjavo zmogljivosti opreme za uporovno varjenje.
Natančne podrobnosti preskusnega postopka, ki ga je treba uporabiti, so odvisne od tega, kateri vidik postavk od točke a) do d) se bo ocenjeval v povezavi z dobljenim rezultatom varjenja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
01-september-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 14327:2004
SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2015
Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri
uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov
(ISO 18278-1:2022)
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of
weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO
18278-1:2022)
Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die
Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und
Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation
de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages
des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
EN ISO 18278-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.01 Supersedes EN ISO 18278-1:2015
English Version
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General
requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1:
Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Bewertung der
pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht-
et par bossages des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278- und Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen
1:2022) (ISO 18278-1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 May 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18278-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
EN ISO 18278-1:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
EN ISO 18278-1:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18278-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2022, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18278-1:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18278-1:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18278-1:2022 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18278-1
Third edition
2022-05
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the
evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection
welding of metallic materials
Soudage par résistance — Soudabilité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour
le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages des
matériaux métalliques
Reference number
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Weldability . 4
4.1 Weldability of a component . 4
4.1.1 General . 4
4.1.2 Metallurgical weldability . 5
4.1.3 Operative weldability . 5
4.1.4 Constructional weldability . 5
4.2 Criteria for the evaluation of weldability. 5
5 Preparation of welding equipment .6
5.1 Welding machine . 6
5.2 Welding electrodes . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 Spot welding . 6
5.2.3 Seam welding . . . 6
5.2.4 Projection welding . 6
5.3 Measurement of parameters . 7
5.3.1 Welding current . 7
5.3.2 Electrode force . 7
6 Test procedures . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Basic test procedures . 7
6.2.1 Essential variables . 7
6.2.2 Welding current range test . 7
6.2.3 Electrode life test . 8
6.2.4 Weldability lobe test . 9
6.3 Evaluation of weld properties . 10
6.3.1 General . 10
6.3.2 Shop floor tests . 10
6.3.3 Tensile shear testing . 10
6.3.4 Mechanized peel testing . 11
6.3.5 Cross-tension testing . 11
6.3.6 Macro-sections and hardness test . 11
6.3.7 Further weld properties . 11
7 Test report .11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Welding current range test . . 11
7.3 Electrode life test . 12
7.4 Weldability lobe test . 12
Annex A (informative) How to evaluate the mass and friction of the welding head .14
Bibliography .15
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 6, Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining, in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 18278-1:2015) and the first edition of
ISO 14327:2004, which have been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the concept of weldability lobe was added to this document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18278 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and
projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up,
projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time,
electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on
weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be
evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements
ISO 693, Dimensions of seam welding wheel blanks
ISO 5182, Resistance welding — Materials for electrodes and ancillary equipment
ISO 5821, Resistance welding — Spot welding electrode caps
ISO 8167, Resistance welding — Embossed projection welding — Projections for resistance welding
ISO 14270, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds
ISO 14271, Resistance welding — Vickers hardness testing (low-force and microhardness) of resistance
spot, projection, and seam welds
ISO 14272, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
cross tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds
1
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
ISO 14273, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 15609-5, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding
ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding
ISO 16432, Resistance welding — Procedure for projection welding of uncoated and coated low carbon
steels using embossed projection(s)
ISO 17657-2, Resistance welding — Welding current measurement for resistance welding — Part 2: Welding
current meter with current sensing coil
ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding
ISO/TR 581, Weldability — Metallic materials — General principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17677-1, ISO 669, ISO/TR 581
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
weldability
capacity of the component to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions
into a specific suitability designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service
3.2
welding current range
welding current domain allowing the production of spot welds without expulsion and of a diameter
equal to or more than a pre-determined value under constant machine settings
3.3
weldability lobe
welding current domain allowing the production of spot welds without splash and of a diameter equal
to or more than a pre-determined value, using varied values of either welding time or electrode force
Note 1 to entry: In the case of resistance seam welding, welding speed (m/min) is used instead of weld time.
Note 2 to entry: To meet the above requirements, the weldability lobes can be a two-dimensional plot (see
Figure 1) or a three-dimensional plot indicating the inter relationship between weld time (welding speed in the
case of seam welding), welding current and electrode force:
2
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Key
t weld time
I welding current
1 <3,5√t
2 3,5√t
3 5√t
4 expulsion
a) Spot welding — constant force
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Key
F electrode force
I welding current
1 3,5√t
2 5√t
3 expulsion
b) Spot welding — constant weld time
Key
I welding current (kA)
v welding speed (m/min)
1 lower limit
2 upper limit
c) Seam welding — constant weld force — typical for zinc coated steels
Figure 1 — Typical weldability lobes
4 Weldability
4.1 Weldability of a component
4.1.1 General
Weldability of a component is governed by three factors: material, design, and production (see Figure 2).
4
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Figure 2 — Weldability
4.1.2 Metallurgical weldability
The less the factors governed by the material have to be taken into account when determining the
welding procedure for a given construction, the better the metallurgical weldability of a material group.
The ease by which a material can be welded determines its metallurgical weldability.
4.1.3 Operative weldability
Operative weldability exists for a welding procedure if the welds envisaged for a particular construction
can be made properly under the chosen conditions of production.
The less the factors governed by the welding procedure have to be taken into account in designing a
construction for a specific material, the better is the operative weldability of a procedure intended for a
specific structure or component.
4.1.4 Constructional weldability
Constructional weldability exists in a construction if the material concerned and the component remain
capable of functioning under the envisaged operating conditions by virtue of their design.
The less the factors governed by the design have to be taken into account when selecting the material
for a specific welding procedure, the greater the constructional weldability of a specific structure or
component.
4.2 Criteria for the evaluation of weldability
Weldability in resistance welding requires the ability to make a weld in the first place, the ability to
continue making welds, and the ability of the weld to withstand the imposed service stresses.
Criteria for the evaluation of the weldability in resistance welding are typically as follows:
— weldability lobe and welding current range which quantify ability to make a weld (see NOTE);
— electrode wear and life which quantify the ability to continue making welds (see NOTE);
— strength of joints under different load directions;
— material hardness modifications;
5
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
— presence, number, and size of the surface or inner cracks, pores, shrink holes, and other defects;
— fracture behaviour under different load directions;
— resistance to service stresses such as corrosion, humidity, low, elevated, or fluctuating temperatures
etc.
NOTE Results of weldability lobe, welding current range and electrode life investigations do not only reflect
material characteristics, but are also highly related to the characteristics of the welding equipment employed.
A final evaluation of weldability in each case can only be estimated by considering the prioritized
criteria laid down by the end user.
5 Preparation of welding equipment
5.1 Welding machine
The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the welding machine used for the tests shall meet the
requirements specified in ISO 669.
In a.c.-welding machines and single-phase d.c.-welding machines, wherever possible, a transformer tap
setting should be selected which allows the secondary welding current to be achieved using a conduction
angle greater than 120°. The water supply to the transformer and/or rectifier and welding controller
cooling circuits should be independent of cooling water to the electrodes. If this is not possible, the
water should flow from the electrode to the welding controller/transformer circuits and not vice versa.
The mass and static friction properties of the welding head can be determined in accordance with
Annex A. It is recommended to record the test results to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the
welding machine.
NOTE If low electrode force values are used, then the welding process can be adversely influenced by the
follow-up behaviour of the electrode head assembly. If electrode force levels near the top end of the available
range are used, then contact errors and electrode approach are more important.
5.2 Welding electrodes
5.2.1 General
The welding electrodes shall conform to alloys as specified in ISO 5182 unless otherwise agreed between
contracting parties. Electrodes should be of sufficient cross-sectional area and strength to carry the
welding current and electrode force without overheating, deformation, or excessive deflection.
5.2.2 Spot welding
In the case of spot welding, the electrode dimensions shall conform to the requirements of ISO 5821.
Alternative electrode shapes and dimensions may be used by agreement between contracting parties.
5.2.3 Seam welding
In the case of wide wheel seam welding, the electrode dimensions shall conform to the requirements
of ISO 693. Alternative electrode wheel width and face profile may be used by agreement between
contracting parties.
5.2.4 Projection welding
In the case of embossed projection welding, the electrode dimensions shall conform to the requirements
of ISO 16432. Alternative electrode shapes and dimensions may be used by agreement between
contracting parties.
6
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SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
5.3 Measurement of parameters
5.3.1 Welding current
The welding current shall be measured with a current measuring system of high accuracy class in
accordance with ISO 17657-2. The welding current value shall be measured over the total weld time.
The shape of the welding current waveform shall be measured using a suitable device to determine
the regularity of welding current peak values and conformity of the actual welding cycle with the
programmed welding cycle.
5.3.2 Electrode force
The electrode force shall be expressed in kilonewtons with an accuracy of ±3 % and measured without
current flow.
6 Test procedures
6.1 General
Tests which are considered necessary by the user for assessing the weldability sh
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
01-junij-2021
Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri
uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov
(ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of
weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials
(ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die
Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und
Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation
de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages
des matériaux métalliques (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 18278-1 rev
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 18278-1
ISO/TC 44/SC 6 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-05-03 2021-07-26
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
Soudage par résistance — Soudabilité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points,
à la molette et par bossages des matériaux métalliques
ICS: 25.160.01
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Weldability . 5
4.1 Weldability of a component . 5
4.1.1 General. 5
4.1.2 Metallurgical weldability . 5
4.1.3 Operative weldability . 5
4.1.4 Constructional weldability . 5
4.2 Criteria for the evaluation of weldability . 6
5 Preparation of welding equipment . 6
5.1 Welding machine . 6
5.2 Welding electrodes . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Spot welding . 7
5.2.3 Seam welding . 7
5.2.4 Projection welding . 7
5.3 Measurement of parameters . 7
5.3.1 Welding current . 7
5.3.2 Electrode force . 7
6 Test procedures . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Basic test procedures . 8
6.2.1 Essential variables . 8
6.2.2 Welding current range test . 8
6.2.3 Electrode life test . 9
6.2.4 Weldability lobe test . 9
6.3 E valuation of weld properties .11
6.3.1 General.11
6.3.2 Shop floor tests .11
6.3.3 Tensile shear testing .11
6.3.4 Mechanized peel testing .11
6.3.5 Cross tension testing .12
6.3.6 Macro-sections and hardness test .12
6.3.7 Further weld properties .12
7 Test report .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Welding current range test .12
7.3 Electrode life test .13
7.4 Weldability lobe test .13
Annex A (informative) How to evaluate the mass and friction of the welding head .14
Bibliography .15
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary Information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 6, Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18278-1:2004), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 18278 consists of the following parts, under the general title Resistance welding — Weldability:
— Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection
welding of metallic materials
— Part 2: Evaluation procedures for weldability in spot welding
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18278 specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance welding
of uncoated and coated metals.
It is assumed for this and other linked standards that their application is entrusted to appropriately
trained, skilled, and experienced personnel.
For the quality of welded structures, the relevant part of ISO 14554 is applicable. The specification of
procedures is to follow guidelines as in ISO 15609-5.
The purpose of the tests are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up,
projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time,
electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on
weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used will depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be
evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements
ISO 693, Dimensions of seam welding wheel blanks
ISO 5182, Resistance welding — Materials for electrodes and ancillary equipment
ISO 5821, Resistance welding — Spot welding electrode caps
ISO 8167, Projections for resistance welding
ISO 10447, Resistance welding — Testing of welds — Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and
projection welds
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
ISO 14270, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds
ISO 14271, Resistance welding — Vickers hardness testing (low-force and microhardness) of resistance
spot, projection, and seam welds
ISO 14272, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
cross tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 14273, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 14323, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
impact tensile shear test and cross-tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 14324, Resistance spot welding — Destructive tests of welds — Method for the fatigue testing of spot
welded joints
ISO 15609-5, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding
ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding
ISO 15614-13, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 13: Upset (resistance butt) and flash welding
ISO 16432, Resistance welding — Procedure for projection welding of uncoated and coated low carbon
steels using embossed projection(s)
ISO 17653, Resistance welding — Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Torsion test of
resistance spot welds
ISO 17654, Resistance welding — Destructive tests of welds — Pressure test of resistance seam welds
ISO 17657-2, Resistance welding — Welding current measurement for resistance welding — Part 2: Welding
current meter with current sensing coil
ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding
ISO 18592, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Method for the fatigue testing of multi-
spot-welded specimens
ISO/TR 581:2005, Weldability — Metallic materials — General principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17677-1, ISO 669,
ISO/TR 581:2005, and the following apply.
3.1
weldability
capacity of the component to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions
into a specific suitability designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service
3.2
welding current range
welding current domain allowing the production of spot welds without expulsion and of a diameter
equal or more than a pre-determined value under constant machine settings
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
3.3
weldability lobe
welding current domain allowing the production without splash of spot welds of a diameter equal or
more than a pre-determined value, using varied values of either welding time or electrode forceIn the
case of resistance seam welding, welding speed (m/min) is used instead of weld timeTo meet these
requirements, the weldability lobes can be a two dimensional plot (see Figure 1) or a three dimensional
plot indicating the inter relationship between weld time (welding speed in the case of seam welding),
welding current and electrode force
Key
t Weld time
I Weld current
1 Smaller than 3,5√ t (fusion defect, stuck weld)
2 3,5√ t
3 5√ t
4 Expulsion
a) Spot welding — Constant force
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Key
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