SIST EN ISO 11819-1:2023
(Main)Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1: Statistical Pass-By method (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1: Statistical Pass-By method (ISO 11819-1:2023)
This document specifies a method of comparing traffic noise on different road surfaces for various compositions of road traffic for the purpose of evaluating different road surface types. Sound levels representing either light or heavy vehicles at selected speeds are assigned to a certain road surface. The method is applicable to traffic travelling at constant speed, i.e. free-flowing conditions at posted speeds of 50 km/h and upwards. For conditions where traffic is not free flowing, such as at junctions and where the traffic is congested, the method is not applicable.
A standard method for comparing the noise characteristics of road surfaces gives road and environment authorities a tool for establishing common practices or limits regarding the use of road surfaces meeting certain noise criteria. However, it is not within the scope of ISO 11819 (all parts) to suggest such criteria.
The statistical pass-by (SPB) method is suitable for use for the following main purposes:
— to classify road surfaces according to their influence on traffic noise (surface classification);
— to assist in verifying conformity of production of road surfaces;
— to evaluate acoustic performance of road surfaces throughout operation relative to new condition;
— to evaluate the influence of different road surfaces on traffic noise at sites irrespective of condition and service time;
— to evaluate acoustic performance of a road surface relative to a reference surface.
Due to practical restrictions, the method cannot be applied at all possible locations. However, the backing board method can allow some locations to be tested that were not previously acceptable.
Clause 5 gives a general description of the SPB method.
Akustik - Messung des Einflusses von Straßenoberflächen auf Verkehrsgeräusche - Teil 1: Statistisches Vorbeifahrtverfahren (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zum Vergleich von Verkehrsgeräuschen auf unterschiedlichen Deckschichten bei verschiedenen Verkehrszusammensetzungen fest, um die einzelnen Deckschichtarten zu bewerten. Schallpegel, die leichte oder schwere Fahrzeuge bei bestimmten Geschwindigkeiten repräsentieren, werden bestimmten Deckschichten zugeschrieben. Das Verfahren ist für Verkehr mit einer konstanten Geschwindigkeit, d. h. frei fließend, von mindestens 50 km/h anwendbar. Für den Fall, dass der Verkehr nicht frei fließt, wie an Kreuzungen oder bei Stau, ist das Verfahren nicht anwendbar.
Ein genormtes Verfahren zum Vergleich der akustischen Eigenschaften von Deckschichten gibt Straßen- und Umweltbehörden ein Hilfsmittel zur Auswahl von gängigen Verfahren oder Grenzwerten im Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Deckschichten, die bestimmten Geräuschkriterien entsprechen, an die Hand. Die Empfehlung solcher Kriterien liegt jedoch nicht im Anwendungsbereich von ISO 11819 (alle Teile).
Das statistische Vorbeifahrtverfahren (SPB-Verfahren) ist zur Anwendung für die folgenden Hauptzwecke geeignet:
Klassifizierung von Deckschichten entsprechend ihrem Einfluss auf Verkehrsgeräusche (Klassifizierung von Deckschichten);
Unterstützung der Überprüfung der konformen Herstellung von Deckschichten;
Bewertung der akustischen Qualität von Deckschichten über ihre Lebensdauer im Vergleich zum neuen Zustand;
Bewertung des Einflusses verschiedener Deckschichten auf Verkehrsgeräusche an verschiedenen Orten, unabhängig von ihrem Zustand und ihrer Betriebsdauer;
Bewertung der akustischen Qualität von Deckschichten gegenüber einer Referenzdeckschicht.
Aufgrund praktischer Beschränkungen kann das Verfahren nicht an allen möglichen Standorten angewendet werden. Das Verfahren mit Abschirmplatte kann jedoch die Prüfung an einigen Standorten ermöglichen, die zuvor nicht annehmbar waren.
Abschnitt 5 enthält eine allgemeine Beschreibung des SPB-Verfahrens.
Acoustique - Mesurage de l’influence des revêtements de chaussées sur le bruit émis par la circulation - Partie 1: Méthode statistique au passage (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Le présent document présente une méthode dite «méthode SPB» (de l’anglais «Statistical Pass-By» signifiant statistique au passage) pour la comparaison du bruit émis par la circulation, pour différentes conditions de trafic, sur différents revêtements afin d’évaluer les différents types de revêtements de chaussée. Les niveaux sonores représentant des véhicules légers ou lourds à des vitesses définies sont attachés à un type spécifique de revêtements. La méthode est applicable à des véhicules se déplaçant à vitesse constante, c’est-àdire dans des conditions de circulation fluide à des vitesses recommandées de 50 km/h et plus. La méthode ne s’applique pas dans les conditions où la circulation n’est pas fluide, par exemple au niveau des carrefours et aux endroits où il y a souvent des embouteillages.
Une méthode normalisée de comparaison des caractéristiques acoustiques des revêtements de chaussée fournit aux autorités responsables du réseau routier et de l’environnement un outil leur permettant d’établir des pratiques courantes ou des limites pour l’utilisation de revêtements de chaussée conformes à certains critères acoustiques. La définition de ces critères ne fait toutefois pas l’objet de l’ISO 11819 (toutes les parties).
La méthode SPB est conçue pour les applications principales suivantes:
— classer les revêtements de chaussée dans des catégories correspondant à leur influence sur le bruit émis par la circulation (classification des revêtements);
— aider à vérifier la conformité de la fabrication des revêtements de chaussée;
— évaluer les performances acoustiques des revêtements de chaussée pendant toute leur durée d’exploitation par rapport à l’état neuf;
— évaluer l’influence de différents revêtements de chaussée sur le bruit émis par la circulation sur des sites spécifiques, quels que soient leur état et leur vieillissement;
— évaluer les performances acoustiques d’un revêtement de chaussée par rapport à un revêtement de référence.
En raison de restrictions pratiques, la méthode ne peut pas être appliquée à tous les emplacements possibles. Cependant, la méthode dite du «panneau acoustiquement réfléchissant» peut permettre de soumettre à essai certains emplacements qui, jusqu’ici, n’étaient pas acceptables.
L’Article 5 fournit une description générale de la méthode SPB.
Akustika - Merjenje vpliva cestnih površin na prometni hrup - 1. del: Statistična metoda vožnje v prostem prometnem toku (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Ta dokument določa metodo za primerjavo prometnega hrupa na različnih cestnih površinah za različne sestave cestnega prometa, namenjeno ocenjevanju različnih vrst cestnih površin. Določeni cestni površini so pripisane ravni hrupa, ki predstavljajo lahka ali težka vozila pri izbranih hitrostih. Ta metoda se uporablja za promet s stalno hitrostjo, tj. za razmere prostega prometnega toka pri največji dovoljeni hitrosti 50 km/h in več. Ne uporablja se za razmere, v katerih prometni tok ni prost, na primer za križišča in zgoščen promet.
Standardna metoda za primerjavo lastnosti hrupa cestnih površin organom, pristojnim za ceste in okolje, zagotavlja orodje za določitev splošnih praks ali omejitev v zvezi z uporabo cestnih površin v skladu z določenimi merili za hrup. Vendar v standardu ISO 11819 (vsi deli) takšna merila niso predlagana, saj je to zunaj njegovega področja uporabe.
Statistična metoda vožnje v prostem prometnem toku (SPB) je ustrezna za naslednje glavne namene:
– za razvrščanje cestnih površin glede na njihov vpliv na prometni hrup (razvrščanje površin);
– za pomoč pri potrjevanju skladnosti proizvodnje cestnih površin;
– za ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti cestnih površin v celotnem obdobju njihove uporabe v primerjavi s cestnimi površinami v novem stanju;
– za ocenjevanje vpliva različnih cestnih površin na prometni hrup na določenih mestih ne glede na stanje in čas uporabe;
– za ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti cestnih površin glede na referenčno površino.
Zaradi praktičnih omejitev te metode ni mogoče uporabiti na vseh možnih lokacijah, se pa lahko z metodo oporne plošče preskusijo nekatere lokacije, ki prej niso bile sprejemljive.
Točka 5 vsebuje splošni opis statistične metode vožnje v prostem prometnem toku.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 11819-1:2002
Akustika - Merjenje vpliva cestnih površin na prometni hrup - 1. del: Statistična
metoda vožnje v prostem prometnem toku (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1:
Statistical Pass-By method (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Akustik - Messung des Einflusses von Straßenoberflächen auf Verkehrsgeräusche - Teil
1: Statistisches Vorbeifahrtverfahren (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Acoustique - Mesurage de l’influence des revêtements de chaussées sur le bruit émis
par la circulation - Partie 1: Méthode statistique au passage (ISO 11819-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11819-1:2023
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 11819-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 11819-1:2001
English Version
Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces
on traffic noise - Part 1: Statistical Pass-By method (ISO
11819-1:2023)
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'influence des revêtements Akustik - Messung des Einflusses von
de chaussées sur le bruit émis par la circulation - Partie Straßenoberflächen auf Verkehrsgeräusche - Teil 1:
1: Méthode statistique au passage (ISO 11819-1:2023) Statistisches Vorbeifahrtverfahren (ISO 11819-1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11819-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 11819-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
"Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 11819-1:2001.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11819-1:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11819-1:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11819-1
Second edition
2023-02
Acoustics — Measurement of the
influence of road surfaces on traffic
noise —
Part 1:
Statistical pass-by method
Acoustique — Mesurage de l’influence des revêtements de chaussées
sur le bruit émis par la circulation —
Partie 1: Méthode statistique au passage
Reference number
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Types of noise . 2
3.2 Measurement method . 2
3.3 Road speed categories . 2
3.4 Vehicle categories. 3
3.5 Measured noise quantities . 3
3.6 Road surface terms applicable in this method . 4
3.7 Backing board terms . 4
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4
5 Measuring principle . 5
6 Instrumentation . 5
6.1 Instruments for acoustical measurements . 5
6.1.1 General . 5
6.1.2 Verification . 5
6.2 Instruments for vehicle speed measurements. 6
6.2.1 General . 6
6.2.2 Verification . 6
6.3 Instruments for temperature measurements . 6
6.3.1 General . 6
6.3.2 Verification . 6
7 Test sites . 6
7.1 Selection of measuring site . 6
7.2 Deviations from free-field conditions . 7
7.3 Considerations of guard rails and other barriers which can reflect or screen the
sound . 7
7.4 Surface between the tested road surface and microphone . 7
7.5 Backing board . 10
8 Traffic conditions .10
8.1 Vehicle classification . 10
8.2 Selection of vehicles for measurement . 10
8.3 Minimum number of vehicles . 11
8.4 Road speed categories .12
9 Measuring procedure .12
9.1 Microphone position . 12
9.2 Calibrations . 13
9.3 Sound level measurement . . 14
9.4 Frequency spectrum measurement. 14
9.5 Speed measurement . 14
9.6 Temperature measurement . 14
10 Meteorological conditions .14
10.1 Wind . 14
10.2 Temperature . 14
10.3 Recommendations on road surface moisture . 14
11 Background noise .15
12 Normalization of data .15
iii
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
12.1 Compensating for the effect of the additional (higher) microphone position .15
12.2 Combining vehicle categories H2 and H3+ into a common heavy vehicle category H .15
12.3 Noise versus speed - regression analysis (for passenger cars) . 16
12.4 Noise versus speed – normalization to reference speed (for heavy vehicles) . 16
12.5 Noise versus speed – normalization of frequency spectra for vehicles in categories
P and H . 18
12.6 Determination of SPB sound level at reference speeds . 18
12.7 Useful speed range for the speed normalization . 18
12.8 Correction of sound levels according to temperature . 18
13 Measurement uncertainty .19
14 Reported data .20
14.1 General information.20
14.2 Information relating to the location and appearance of the test site . 21
14.3 Information relating to the type and construction of the tested road surface. 21
14.4 Information relating to the condition of the tested surface and environmental
factors . 21
14.5 Road speed category and vehicle information . 21
14.6 Measured and calculated sound level and speed data . 21
14.7 Others . 22
Annex A (normative) Vehicle categories . .23
Annex B (informative) Determination of the statistical pass-by index (SPBI) .27
Annex C (informative) The backing board variant .29
Annex D (informative) Adding 95 % confidence intervals .34
Annex E (informative) Validity and stability of the method.35
Annex F (informative) Reference road surface .36
Annex G (informative) Monitoring the stability of sound levels of vehicle fleets .38
Annex H (informative) Uncertainty .40
Annex I (informative) Example of test report .43
Bibliography .47
iv
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise, in
collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 227, Road materials, in accordance with the agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 11819-1:1997 and ISO/PAS 11819-4:2013,
which have been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— ISO/PAS 11819-4 has now been integrated as Annex C;
— the backing board method makes possible a wider application of the method, where the old version
would not meet the acoustical free field conditions;
— changes to nomenclature for vehicle categories in 3.1, including the introduction of a 'generic' vehicle
category and the introduction of a minimum gross vehicle weight (8 t) for dual-axle heavy vehicles;
— changes to some key symbols and abbreviations in Clause 4;
— using a generic speed exponent for heavy vehicles instead of calculating a speed exponent from each
measurement;
— using a correction to 2-axle medium vehicles for correcting them to a level typical of 3-axle heavy
vehicles;
— more liberal requirement regarding the number of heavy vehicles to measure;
— an additional microphone position (at the height of 3,0 m) can be used in cases where reflecting
objects could influence the results.
The objective of the changes and supplements is to make SPB measurements more practical while
maintaining or reducing uncertainties.
v
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
A list of all parts in the ISO 11819 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
Introduction
The emission of road traffic noise greatly depends on road surface characteristics, notably on texture
and porosity; the latter due to the flow resistivity of the air voids. Both these characteristics influence
the generation of tyre/road noise and, in addition, the porosity can influence the emission of sound,
particularly when the emission takes place close to the surface. Power unit noise, which is usually
generated at a greater height above the road surface than tyre/road noise, can also be affected during
emission by the porosity characteristics of the road surface. These effects lead to differences in sound
levels, associated with a given traffic flow and composition, from different road surfaces of up to 15 dB,
which can have a substantial impact on the environmental acoustic quality alongside a road.
It is therefore important to be able to measure this influence by a standardized method and to arrive
at a quantitative ranking of road surfaces with respect to traffic noise. This document offers such a
method, the objective of which is to satisfy a need expressed by road planners, road administrators,
contractors, manufacturers of so-called "low-noise surfaces" and by other parties concerned with the
prediction and control of road traffic noise.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
Acoustics — Measurement of the influence of road surfaces
on traffic noise —
Part 1:
Statistical pass-by method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of comparing traffic noise on different road surfaces for various
compositions of road traffic for the purpose of evaluating different road surface types. Sound levels
representing either light or heavy vehicles at selected speeds are assigned to a certain road surface.
The method is applicable to traffic travelling at constant speed, i.e. free-flowing conditions at posted
speeds of 50 km/h and upwards. For conditions where traffic is not free flowing, such as at junctions
and where the traffic is congested, the method is not applicable.
A standard method for comparing the noise characteristics of road surfaces gives road and environment
authorities a tool for establishing common practices or limits regarding the use of road surfaces
meeting certain noise criteria. However, it is not within the scope of ISO 11819 (all parts) to suggest
such criteria.
The statistical pass-by (SPB) method is suitable for use for the following main purposes:
— to classify road surfaces according to their influence on traffic noise (surface classification);
— to assist in verifying conformity of production of road surfaces;
— to evaluate acoustic performance of road surfaces throughout operation relative to new condition;
— to evaluate the influence of different road surfaces on traffic noise at sites irrespective of condition
and service time;
— to evaluate acoustic performance of a road surface relative to a reference surface.
Due to practical restrictions, the method cannot be applied at all possible locations. However, the
backing board method can allow some locations to be tested that were not previously acceptable.
Clause 5 gives a general description of the SPB method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1996-2, Acoustics — Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 2:
Determination of sound pressure levels
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
IEC 60942:2017, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61183, Electroacoustics - Random-incidence and diffuse-field calibration of sound level meters
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
IEC 61260-1, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters — Part 1: Specifications
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Types of noise
3.1.1
vehicle noise
total noise from an individual vehicle, including the two major components of power unit noise (3.1.3)
and tyre/road noise (3.1.2)
3.1.2
tyre/road noise
noise generated by the tyre/road interaction
3.1.3
power unit noise
noise generated by the vehicle engine, exhaust system, air intake, fans, transmission, etc.
3.1.4
background noise
unwanted noise interfering with the noise that is intended to be measured
3.2 Measurement method
3.2.1
statistical pass-by method
SPB method
measurement procedure designed to evaluate vehicle and traffic noise generated on different sections
of road surface under specific traffic conditions
Note 1 to entry: The measurements are taken from a great number of vehicles operating normally on the road.
Results obtained using this procedure are normalized to standard speeds according to the category or type of
road being considered.
3.3 Road speed categories
NOTE Three categories of roads are defined with respect to the range of speeds at which the traffic flows
and usually associated with certain areas (urban, suburban, rural, etc.).
3.3.1
"low" speed road
road category where traffic operates at an average speed of 45 km/h to 64 km/h
3.3.2
"medium" speed road
road category where traffic operates at an average speed of 65 km/h to 99 km/h
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are mostly found in suburban areas or on rural highways.
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
3.3.3
"high" speed road
road category where cars operate at an average speed of 100 km/h or more; but where heavy vehicles
may operate at lower average speed due to speed restrictions
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are usually associated with motorway traffic in rural or suburban areas.
3.3.4
reference speed
v
ref
preferred speed for uniform reporting of measured data
Note 1 to entry: The reference speed is expressed in kilometres per hour. Most commonly used reference speeds
are 50 km/h, 80 km/h and 110 km/h (also in ISO 11819-2) but alternative speeds may be used, if required for
technical, safety and legislative reasons.
3.4 Vehicle categories
3.4.1
vehicle category
category of vehicles that have certain common features easy to identify in the traffic stream, such as
the number of axles and the size, that are assumed to correspond to similarities in sound emission
when driven under the same operating conditions
3.4.2
category P – passenger cars
vehicles used for passenger transportation, having two axles and having typically 4 to 5 seats
Note 1 to entry: See further Annex A.
3.4.3
category H – heavy vehicles
categories H2 (3.4.3.1) and category H3+ (3.4.3.2) combined
3.4.3.1
category H2 – dual-axle heavy vehicles
trucks, buses and coaches with two axles and four or six wheels, and having a gross vehicle mass of at
least 8 t
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
3.4.3.2
category H3+ – multi-axle heavy vehicles
trucks, buses and coaches with more than two axles
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
3.5 Measured noise quantities
3.5.1
maximum sound level
L
A,max
highest A-weighted sound pressure level recorded by the measuring instrument during a vehicle pass-
by, using time weighting F
3.5.2
SPB sound level
L or L
SPB: P ,vref SPB: H ,vref
maximum A-weighted sound pressure level determined at a reference speed, v , calculated for either
ref
vehicle category P (3.4.2) or category H (3.4.3)
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
3.5.3
statistical pass-by index
SPBI
noise index for comparison of road surfaces, based on the SPB sound levels (3.5.2), L and L
SPB: P ,vref S PB : H
, and considering the mix and speeds of vehicles
,vref
3.6 Road surface terms applicable in this method
3.6.1
dense road surface
road surface featuring a wearing course with a void content of not more than 10 % (by volume)
3.6.2
porous road surface
road surface featuring a wearing course with a void content of equal to or more than 18 % (by volume)
3.6.3
negatively textured road surface
road surface featuring a relatively flat upper part and relatively narrow valleys or troughs between the
main aggregate
Note 1 to entry: The skewness of its profile according to ISO 13473-2 is negative.
3.6.4
reference surface
virtual reference surface
surface which is not existing but being considered as an “average” of a dense asphalt concrete and a
stone mastic asphalt surface with a maximum aggregate size of 11 mm
Note 1 to entry: The above definition is incomplete. For further details, refer to Annex F.
Note 2 to entry: This definition is valid only in ISO 11819 (all parts).
3.7 Backing board terms
3.7.1
backing board
rectangular, hard, reflective board on which a microphone is mounted
3.7.2
surface microphone
flush-mounted microphone designed to measure sound pressure on a surface without requiring the
drilling of a hole through it
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Table 1 lists the symbols used in this document. All acoustic variables are A-weighted.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms used in this standard and their value or unit
Symbol Value/unit Explanation
L dB The maximum sound level, A-weighted, for vehicle No. i when it passes-by
A,max,i,v
at speed v
L dB The SPB sound level, for vehicle category P (passenger cars), at the refer-
SPB:P,v
ref
ence speed v
ref
L dB The SPB sound level, for vehicle category H (heavy vehicles), at the refer-
SPB:H,v
ref
ence speed v
ref
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
TTaabblle 1 e 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Symbol Value/unit Explanation
dB The SPB sound level, for vehicle category G (General; i.e. passenger cars or
L
SPB:G,v
ref
heavy vehicles), at the reference speed v
ref
L dB The energy-equivalent A-weighted sound exposure level
A,E
A dimensionless A constant used in the noise-to-speed relationship
B dimensionless Speed coefficient; i.e. increase in SPB level with a 10-fold increase in
speed, used to correct for deviations from the reference speed, v
ref
v km/h Measured speed of an individual vehicle during a pass-by measurement
meas
v km/h Reference speed; used to normalize SPB sound levels to a common speed
ref
5 Measuring principle
In the statistical pass-by (SPB) method, the maximum A-weighted sound pressure levels of a statistically
significant number of individual vehicle pass-bys are measured at a specified roadside location, together
with the vehicle speeds. Each measured vehicle is classified into the appropriate vehicle category.
For each road and vehicle category, a reference speed is selected. Each individual pass-by level together
with its vehicle speed is recorded, and a regression line of the maximum A-weighted sound pressure
level versus the logarithm of speed is calculated for each vehicle category, or if the latter appears to be
too uncertain, an alternate standard noise-speed relation may be used. From this relation, the average
maximum A-weighted sound pressure level is determined at the reference speed. This level, for both
vehicle categories P and H, is called the SPB sound level (L andL ) and is the mandatory
SPB:P,v SPB:H,v
ref ref
result of each SPB measurement.
For the purpose of reporting a single number rating of the acoustic performance of road surfaces, the
Statistical Pass-by Index (SPBI) can be calculated. This combines the appropriate SPB sound levels
on a energetic basis, assuming certain proportions of these vehicle categories. The SPBI can be used
for comparison of road surfaces so that their influence on sound level of a mixed traffic flow can be
determined. It is not suitable for determining actual traffic noise levels.
6 Instrumentation
6.1 Instruments for acoustical measurements
6.1.1 General
The instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphone(s) as well as cable(s),
windscreen(s), recording devices and other accessories, if used, shall meet the requirements for a class 1
instrument according to IEC 61672-1 for free field or random incidence application, as appropriate. The
frequency range of 50 Hz to 10 000 Hz (centre frequencies of one-third-octave bands) shall be covered.
Filters shall meet the requirements for a class 1 instrument according to IEC 61260-1.
NOTE Frequencies below 100 Hz are not believed to have a significant effect on the result but are required in
[20]
some models and national regulations .
An appropriate windscreen shall be used having a diameter of at least 90 mm.
6.1.2 Verification
Conformity of the sound pressure level measuring instrument including microphone, the filters and the
sound calibrator with the relevant requirements of IEC 61672-1, IEC 61260-1 and IEC 60942 respectively
shall be verified by the existence of a valid certificate of conformity. Conformity testing in accordance
with IEC 61672-3, IEC 61260-3 and IEC 60942:2017, Annex B, respectively is required for verification.
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
If applicable, random incidence response of the microphone shall be verified by a procedure from
IEC 61183.
All conformity testing shall be conducted by a laboratory operated in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025
and that meets the maximum-permitted uncertainty specified in IEC 61672-1, IEC 61260-1 and
IEC 60942 respectively.
Unless national regulations dictate otherwise, it is recommended that the sound calibrator should be
calibrated at intervals not exceeding 1 year, the conformity of the instrumentation system with the
requirements of IEC 61672-1 should be verified at intervals not exceeding 2 years, and the conformity
of analog filters with the requirements of IEC 61260-1 should be verified at intervals not exceeding 2
years.
NOTE Testing in accordance with IEC 61672-3 does not fully verify conformity with the requirements of
IEC 61672-1, unless it has been pattern approved in accordance with IEC 61672-2.
6.2 Instruments for vehicle speed measurements
6.2.1 General
The maximum permissible uncertainties for instruments used for vehicle speed measurements shall be
±2,5 %, at the instant when the vehicle passes the microphone.
Measuring devices which can cause significant noise by the passage of vehicle tyres should not be used.
6.2.2 Verification
Conformity of the speed measuring instrument shall be verified by the existence of a valid certificate of
conformity. In case of home-made systems using photocells at a fixed distance, such verification needs
to be made by accurately measuring the distance. The conformity of the speed measurement device is
verified at intervals not exceeding 2 years.
6.3 Instruments for temperature measurements
6.3.1 General
The air and road temperature measuring instrument(s) shall have a maximum permissible uncertainty
of ±1 °C, as specified by the manufacturer. Meters utilizing the infrared technique shall not be used for
air temperature measurements.
The type of sensor used shall be reported.
6.3.2 Verification
Equipment shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification, in most cases
requiring a calibration annually by a laboratory authorized to perform calibrations traceable to
appropriate standards.
7 Test sites
7.1 Selection of measuring site
The following considerations apply for site selection.
— The measuring location shall be alongside a part of the road where the noise characteristics of the
pavement are representative for the type of pavement and the physical conditions between the lane
and the microphone as well as the surroundings meet the acoustical requirements.
ISO 11819-1:2023(E)
— Each road test section shall extend at least 30 m on both sides from the microphone location. For
cases where a significant number of heavy vehicles have a length exceeding 20 m, this distance is
increased to 50 m.
— The road shall be essentially level and straight. Roads with slight bends or with gradient ≤2 % may
be considered valid test sites.
— Requirements on background noise at the test site in accordance with Clause 11 shall be observed.
See also 8.2 regarding selection of vehicles.
— The road surface condition should be homogeneous over the entire test section. A practical way to
check the homogeneity is to make a measurement with the CPX method (see ISO 11819-2) over the
test section and note how typical the CPX level is on the intended SPB measurement spot. For dense
road surfaces, it would be sufficient with a measurement of MPD according to ISO 13473-1.
— The road surface should be in a good condition, unless the intention of the study is to determine the
effect of road condition on vehicle noise. Road surfaces which exhibit unusually high unevenness
characteristics, surface cracking, bitumen bleeding, excessive stone loss or contain expansion joints,
for example, would not normally be considered as suitable for surface classification purposes.
NOTE Since some types of road surfaces change their noise characteristics rather quickly after opening for
traffic, measurements on newly laid surfaces have limited validity.
7.2 Deviations from free-field conditions
For surface classification purposes, the measurement microphone should be located in the acoustical
free field. Acoustic reflections from surfaces such as building façades, retaining walls, noise barriers,
road cuttings and embankments shall be at least 10 dB lower than the direct sound to be measured. As
a guideline, 25 m of space around the microphone free of any reflecting objects other than the ground is
usually adequate to ensure that approximate free field conditions exist.
7.3 Considerations of guard rails and other barriers which can reflect or screen the
sound
There shall be no large reflecting surfaces, such as solid safety barriers, large road signs or embankments,
within a rectangle 30 m × 22 m in Figure 1 marked with a broken line. If safety barriers, large road signs
or other major objects are present within the rectangle, they shall be removed for the measurements, if
possible, or covered with effective sound absorbing material prior to the measurements. The presence
of such surfaces and the type of covering shall be duly stated in the report.
Protective fences will not normally affect the results and can be ignored for the purpose of site and
microphone position selection. Treatments on some noise barriers with the intention to reduce sound
reflections are not sufficiently absorptive to allow such barriers within the rectangle shown in Figure 1.
NOTE 1 In ISO 11819 (all parts), a solid safety barrier is a concrete wall structure designed to prevent vehicles
from leaving the road or crossing the median.
NOTE 2 In ISO 11819 (all parts), a guard rail is a structure consisting of a metal
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