SIST EN 17443:2021
(Main)Winter service equipment - Brine production systems - Requirements and test methods
Winter service equipment - Brine production systems - Requirements and test methods
This European standard specifies the essential requirements of stationary systems for production of brines for winter road maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. Battery limits: chloride and water inlet to the saturator, brine outlet to the spreading machine. Within the scope are storage and loading/unloading equipment also.
The following points are not covered by this standard:
- System and construction requirements;
- Requirements according national legislations.
Winterdienstausrüstung - Soleerzeugungsanlagen - Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden
Dieses Dokument legt die grundlegenden Anforderungen an stationäre Soleerzeuger für den Winterdienst fest und enthält Prüfverfahren zu diesen Anforderungen. Anlagengrenzen: Chlorid- und Wasser¬einlass in den Soleerzeuger, Soleauslass in die Streumaschine. In den Anwendungsbereich fallen auch die Ausgangsstoffe, die Solelagerung und die Solebe- und entladeausrüstung. Mobile Anlagen für die Soleerzeugung an Ort und Stelle sind nicht Inhalt dieses Dokuments.
Die folgenden Punkte werden in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt:
- System- und Konstruktionsanforderungen;
- Anforderungen nach nationaler und europäischer Gesetzgebung.
Matériels de viabilité hivernal - Unités de production de saumure - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Le présent document spécifie les exigences essentielles pour les centrales fixes de production de saumures pour l’entretien hivernal des routes et inclut les essais relatifs à ces exigences. Limites de l’installation : entrée de chlorure et d’eau vers le saturateur, sortie de saumure vers le matériel d’épandage. Les matériaux, le stockage de la saumure et l’équipement de chargement/déchargement de la saumure sont également inclus dans le domaine d’application. Les systèmes mobiles pour la production de saumures in situ ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Les points suivants ne sont pas couverts par le présent document :
- Exigences relatives au système et à la construction ;
- Exigences selon les législations nationales et européennes.
Oprema za zimska vzdrževalna dela - Sistemi za proizvodnjo slanice - Zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17443:2021
01-oktober-2021
Oprema za zimska vzdrževalna dela - Sistemi za proizvodnjo slanice - Zahteve in
preskusne metode
Winter service equipment - Brine production systems - Requirements and test methods
Winterdienstausrüstung - Soleerzeugungsanlagen - Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden
Matériels de viabilité hivernal - Unités de production de saumure - Exigences et
méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17443:2021
ICS:
13.030.40 Naprave in oprema za Installations and equipment
odstranjevanje in obdelavo for waste disposal and
odpadkov treatment
SIST EN 17443:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17443:2021
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.030.40
English Version
Winter service equipment - Brine production systems -
Requirements and test methods
Matériels de viabilité hivernale - Unités de production Winterdienstausrüstung - Soleerzeuger -
de saumure - Exigences et méthodes d'essai Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 June 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17443:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Materials . 7
4.1 Chlorides . 7
4.2 Water . 7
5 Requirements . 8
5.1 Brine production capacity . 8
5.2 Brine concentration . 8
5.3 Brine purity . 8
5.3.1 General . 8
5.3.2 Content of water insoluble matter . 9
5.3.3 Size of suspended particles . 9
5.4 Other requirements . 9
5.4.1 Additional components . 9
5.4.2 Pumping system . 10
5.4.3 Blending systems. 11
5.4.4 Protection of the environment . 11
6 Sampling . 11
7 Test methods . 11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Brine production capacity . 11
7.2.1 Direct method . 11
7.2.2 Indirect method . 12
7.3 Brine concentration . 12
7.4 Brine purity . 13
7.4.1 General . 13
7.4.2 Content of water insoluble matter . 13
7.4.3 Size of suspended particles . 13
8 Safety requirements at design stage and for use . 13
Annex A (informative) Systems for continuous and batch production of brine (examples,
schematic drawings) . 14
A.1 Water flow through stationary bulk salts (NaCl, CaCl , MgCl ) . 14
2 2
A.1.1 Upward water flow design . 14
A.1.2 Downward water flow design . 15
A.2 Forced circulation design (batch operation) . 15
A.3 Blending systems. 16
A.3.1 Dilution of concentrated brines . 16
A.3.2 Mixing of NaCl brine with other brines (CaCl , MgCl ) and additives . 16
2 2
Annex B (normative) Sampling of the produced brine . 17
2
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
B.1 Sampling of the produced brine . 17
B.2 Labelling and distribution of samples . 17
B.3 Sampling report . 18
Annex C (informative) Conversion factors: Used amount of water/produced quantity of
brine . 19
C.1 Dissolution of dry sodium chloride . 19
C.2 Dissolution of calcium chloride, 77 % (flakes) . 19
C.3 Dissolution of calcium chloride, anhydrous, 96 % (prills) . 20
C.4 Dissolution of magnesium chloride, hexahydrate, 47 % (flakes, pellets) . 20
Bibliography . 21
3
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17443:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 337 “Road
operation equipment and products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
Introduction
De-icing agents in solid and liquid form are important for the winter maintenance of roads. They can
prevent respectively eliminate slippery road conditions. Brines are used for anti-icing (preventive winter
maintenance) and de-icing (curative winter maintenance) in pure form or in mixture with solid sodium
chloride as pre-wetted salt.
The document describes the requirements for brine production systems and their testing methods.
The aim of this document is an easy description of the product specifications for tenders and other
purchasing procedures.
5
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the essential requirements of stationary systems for production of brines for
winter road maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. Installation boundary: chloride and
water inlet to the saturator, brine outlet to the spreading machine. Within the scope are materials, brine
storage and brine loading/unloading equipment also. Mobile systems for production of brines in situ are
not content of this document.
The following points are not covered by this document:
— System and construction requirements;
— Requirements according to national and European legislations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15144, Winter maintenance equipment - Terminology - Terms for winter maintenance
EN 16811-1:2016, Winter service equipment and products - De-icing agents - Part 1: Sodium chloride -
Requirements and test methods
EN 16811-2:2016, Winter service equipment and products - De-icing agents - Part 2: Calcium chloride and
Magnesium chloride - Requirements and test methods
ISO 2479, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of matter insoluble in water or in acid and
preparation of principal solutions for other determinations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15144, EN 16811-1, EN 16811-2
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
brine
solution of chloride (sodium chloride, NaCl; calcium chloride, CaCl ; magnesium chloride, MgCl ) or of
2 2
combinations of these chlorides in water
Note 1 to entry: Sodium chloride (NaCl, salt) is produced as rock salt, as solar salt, and as vacuum salt. Rock salt is
extracted by mechanical mining of natural salt beds. Solar salt is produced by solar evaporation of sea water or
brine from salt deposits and by extraction from salt lakes. Solar salt from sea water is named as sea salt. Vacuum
salt is prepared by the evaporation of water from brine. Used salt (waste salt) come from secondary aluminium
smelters, from fishery industry, from leather industry, etc. REACH registered synthetic by-product salts derive from
chemical reactions (e.g. from gas cleaning in waste incinerators).
6
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
3.2
brine production system
equipment for dissolving chlorides in water (saturator), including brine dilution to the concentration for
application in winter road maintenance, and brine storages, as well as pumping systems
(loading/unloading), measurements, control technologies and blending systems (see Annex A)
3.3
brine production capacity
hourly produced litres brine with the required concentration and purity
4 Materials
4.1 Chlorides
The quality of the chlorides (NaCl, CaCl , MgCl ) shall be in accordance with EN 16811-1 and EN 16811-2
2 2
respectively.
The NaCl and sulfate content of the de-icing salt can be specified within the limits of EN 16811-1 by the
buyer depending on his individual needs. It can also be specified within these limits at the national level
(national annexes to this European Standard). In addition, the salt buyer can specify the maximum
content of water insoluble matter in sodium chloride used for brine production in the procurement
procedure for salt.
Salt for brine production shall meet EN 16811-1:2016, Annex A.1, resp. EN 16811-2:2016, Annex A.1 and
Annex A.2. The requirements of the related document should be handed over to the manufacturer of the
equipment. The buyer shall inform the manufacturer of the brine production system with the product
information sheet which chloride qualities are available.
NOTE The sodium chloride (NaCl) has different granulometry and purity, depending on the production type
(rock salt, sea/solar salt, vacuum salt) or from the production site (mine, etc.). Variety in granulometry influences
the dissolving properties. Impurities such as water insoluble matter (silicates) and poorly water and brine soluble
calcium sulfate in salts cause an additional expenditure for their removal of the brine production system.
4.2 Water
For brine production systems in principle suitable are drinking water (tap water), water from rivers,
lakes, ponds, well water, collected water from road maintenance depots, rainwater, etc.
Water to be used in case of production of brines out of NaCl, CaCl and MgCl or dilute brines should be
2 2
of a quality which allows the production of brines within the allowed values for heavy metals, arsenic and
hydrocarbons (NaCl brine according to EN 16811-1:2016, Table 6; CaCl and MgCl brines according to
2 2
EN 16811-2:2016, Table 8). Water for dissolving can be with a content of salt when brine is produced in
a continuous process. For brine production in batch process, water for dissolving should be without salt
or with a maximum concentration of 5 weight % salt. Water for dilution should be better without chloride.
The content of water which is used for dilution of brine shall guarantee the required brine concentration.
Sulphate, expressed as SO , in the standards EN 16811-1 and EN 16811-2 is specified differently (those
4
values are for NaCl brine less than 0,6 weight % in a 10 weight % brine, for CaCl brine less than
2
0,5 weight % calculated for the anhydrous product and for MgCl brine less than 1,0 weight % in a
2
10 weight % brine). In the water to be used, sulphate should be less than 1 g SO per litre, and the
4
resulting brine should be according to the brine specifications in the standards EN 16811-1 and
EN 16811-2.
7
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SIST EN 17443:2021
EN 17443:2021 (E)
The content of water insoluble matter and size of suspended particles in the water shall conform in total
to the requirements for water insoluble matter in brine (5.3.1 and 5.3.2).
Water for brine production shall meet the same requirements as listed in Table 1 in this document and
should be handed over to the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 Water with a high hardness can lead during the brine production with calcium chloride and rock salts to
precipitation of calcium carbonate.
NOTE 2 Iron chloride in water acts as flocculant and causes problems in brine filters on spreading machines.
5 Requirements
5.1 Brine production capacity
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17443:2020
01-februar-2020
Oprema za zimska vzdrževalna dela - Sistemi za proizvodnjo slanice - Zahteve in
preskusne metode
Winter service equipment - Brine production systems - Requirements and test methods
Winterdienstausrüstung - Soleerzeugungsanlagen - Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden
Matériels de viabilité hivernal - Unités de production de saumure - Exigences et
méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17443
ICS:
13.030.40 Naprave in oprema za Installations and equipment
odstranjevanje in obdelavo for waste disposal and
odpadkov treatment
oSIST prEN 17443:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17443
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2019
ICS 13.030.40
English Version
Winter service equipment - Brine production systems -
Requirements and test methods
Matériels de viabilité hivernal - Unités de production Winterdienstausrüstung - Soleerzeugungsanlagen -
de saumure - Exigences et méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 337.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17443:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
Contents
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Materials . 7
4.1 Chlorides . 7
4.2 Water . 7
5 Requirements . 8
5.1 Brine production capacity . 8
5.2 Brine concentration . 8
5.3 Brine purity . 8
5.3.1 General . 8
5.3.2 Content of water insoluble matter . 8
5.3.3 Size of suspended particles . 9
5.4 Other requirements . 9
5.4.1 Additional components . 9
5.4.2 Pumping system . 10
5.4.3 Blending systems. 10
5.4.4 Protection of the environment . 10
6 Sampling . 10
7 Test methods . 10
7.1 General . 10
7.2 Brine production capacity . 11
7.2.1 Direct method . 11
7.2.2 Indirect method . 11
7.3 Brine concentration . 12
7.4 Brine purity . 12
7.4.1 Content of water insoluble matter . 12
7.4.2 Content of water insoluble matter . 12
7.4.3 Size of suspended particles . 12
8 Safety . 12
Annex A (informative) Systems for continuous and batch production of brine (examples,
schematic drawings) . 13
A.1 Water flow through stationary bulk salts (NaCl, CaCl , MgCl ) . 13
2 2
A.1.1 Upward water flow design . 13
A.1.2 Downward water flow design . 14
A.2 Forced circulation design (batch operation) . 14
A.3 Blending systems. 15
A.3.1 Dilution of concentrated brines . 15
A.3.2 Mixing of NaCl brine with other brines (CaCl , MgCl ) and additives . 15
2 2
2
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
Annex B (normative) Sampling . 16
B.1 Sampling of brine . 16
B.2 Labelling and distribution of samples . 16
B.3 Sampling report . 16
Annex C (normative) Conversion factors: Used amount of water/produced quantity of
brine . 18
C.1 Dissolution of dry sodium chloride . 18
C.2 Dissolution of calcium chloride, 77 % (flakes) . 18
C.3 Dissolution of calcium chloride, anhydrous, 96 % (prills) . 18
C.4 Dissolution of magnesium chloride, hexahydrate, 47 % (flakes, pellets) . 19
Bibliography . 20
3
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17443:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 337 “Road
operation equipment and products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
4
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
Introduction
De-icing agents in solid and liquid form are important for the winter maintenance of roads. They can
prevent respectively eliminate slippery road conditions. Brines are used for anti-icing (preventive winter
maintenance) and de-icing (curative winter maintenance) in pure form or in mixture with solid sodium
chloride as pre-wetted salt.
The document describes the requirements for brine production systems and their testing methods.
The aim of this document is an easy description of the product specifications for tenders and other
purchasing procedures.
5
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the essential requirements of stationary systems for production of brines for
winter road maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. Installation boundary: chloride and
water inlet to the saturator, brine outlet to the spreading machine. Within the scope are brine storage
and brine loading/unloading equipment also.
The following points are not covered by this document:
- System and construction requirements;
- Requirements according national and European legislations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15144, Winter maintenance equipment - Terminology - Terms for winter maintenance
EN 16811-1, Winter service equipment and products - De-icing agents - Part 1: Sodium chloride -
Requirements and test methods
EN 16811-2, Winter service equipment and products - De-icing agents - Part 2: Calcium chloride and
Magnesium chloride - Requirements and test methods
ISO 2479, Sodium chloride for industrial use — Determination of matter insoluble in water or in acid and
preparation of principal solutions for other determinations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15144, EN 16811-1, EN 16811-2
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
brine
solution of chlorides (sodium chloride, NaCl; calcium chloride, CaCl ; magnesium chloride, MgCl ) or of
2 2
combinations of these chlorides in water
Note 1 to entry: Sodium chloride can be rock salt, solar salt/sea salt or vacuum salt. Further feedstock can be by-
product sodium chloride.
3.2
brine production system
equipment for dissolving chlorides in water (saturator), including brine dilution to the concentration for
application in winter road maintenance, and brine storage, as well as pumping system
(loading/unloading), measurement, control technology and blending system (see Annex A)
6
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oSIST prEN 17443:2020
prEN 17443:2019 (E)
3.3
brine production capacity
hourly produced litres brine with the desired concentration
4 Materials
4.1 Chlorides
The quality of the chlorides (NaCl, CaCl , MgCl ) shall be in accordance with EN 16811-1 and EN 16811-2
2 2
respectively.
The sodium chloride (NaCl) has different granulometry and purity, dependent from the production type
(rock salt, sea/solar salt, vacuum salt) or from the production site (mine, etc.). Varying granulometry
influences the dissolving properties. Impurities such as water insoluble matter (silicates) and poorly
water and brine soluble calcium sulfate in salts cause an additional expenditure for their removal from
the brine production system. The NaCl and sulfate content of sodium chloride can be specified within the
limits of EN 16811-1 by the buyer depending on his individual needs. It can also be specified within these
limits at the national level (national annexes to this European Standard).
The characteristics of the delivered chloride shall be guaranteed and verified by the buyer. A product
information according to EN 16811-1:2016, A.1 resp. EN 16811-2:2016, A.1/A.2, delivered by the salt
supplier, shall be available. The buyer informs the manufacturer with the product information sheet
which chloride qualities are available.
4.2 Water
For brine production systems in principle suitable are drinking water (tap water), water from rivers,
lakes, ponds, well water, collected water from road maintenance depots, etc.
Water to be used in case of production of brines out of NaCl, CaCl and MgCl or dilute brines should be
2 2
of a quality which allows the production of brines within the allowed values for heavy metals, arsenic and
hydrocarbons (NaCl brine according to EN 16811-1:2016, Table 6; CaCl and MgCl brines according to
2 2
EN 16811-2:2016, Table 8). Water for dissolving can be with a content of chloride. Water for dilution
should be better without chloride.
Sulphate, expressed as SO , in the standards EN 16811-1 and EN 16811-2 is specified differently (those
4
values are for NaCl brine less than 0,6 % in a 10 % brine, for CaCl brine less than 0,5 % calculated for the
2
anhydrous product and for MgCl brine less than 1,0 % in a 10 % brine). In the water to be used, sulphate
2
should be less than 1 g SO per litre, and the resulting brine should be according to the brine specifications
4
in the standards EN 16811-1 and EN 16811-2.
The content of water insoluble matter and size of suspended particles in the water shall conform in total
to the requirements for water insoluble matter in brine (5.3.1, Table 1 and 5.3.2).
The equipment supplier should receive the specification of the intended water and check the conformity
of the values with the requirements. If necessary, a prior water treatment or an adaptation of the brine
production system shall be carried out.
NOTE 1 Water with a high hardness can lead during the brine production with calcium chloride and rock salts to
precipitation of calcium carbonate.
NOTE 2 Iron chloride in water acts as flocculant and causes problems in brine filters on spreading machines.
Content of chloride from water which is used for dilution of brine shall guarantee des
...
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