kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025
(Main)Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
1.1 Scope of prEN 1995-1-1
(1) prEN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 also gives specific design rules for buildings and timber civil engineering works.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) when timber structures are built in seismic regions.
Eurocode 5 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln und Regeln für den Hochbau
1.1 Anwendungsbereich von prEN 1995 1 1
(1) prEN 1995 1 1 enthält allgemeine Bemessungsregeln für Holzbauten.
(2) prEN 1995 1 1 enthält ebenfalls spezifische Bemessungsregeln für Hochbauten und Tiefbauten aus Holz.
1.2 Annahmen
(1) Die Annahmen von EN 1990 sind auf dieses Dokument anzuwenden.
(2) prEN 1995 1 1 ist für die Anwendung in Verbindung mit EN 1990, EN 1991 (alle Teile), EN 1998 (alle Teile) vorgesehen, wenn Holzbauten in Erdbebenzonen errichtet werden.
Eurocode 5 - Calcul des structures en bois - Part 1-1: Règles générales et règles pour les bâtiments
1.1 Domaine d'application du prEN 1995-1-1
(1) Le prEN 1995-1-1 donne les règles générales de calcul pour les structures en bois.
(2) Le prEN 1995-1-1 donne également des règles de calcul spécifiques pour les bâtiments et les ouvrages de génie civil en bois.
1.2 Hypothèses
(1) Les hypothèses de l'EN 1990 s'appliquent au présent document.
(2) Le prEN 1995-1-1 est destiné à être utilisé conjointement avec l’EN 1990, l’EN 1991 (toutes les parties) et l’EN 1998 (toutes les parties) lorsque les structures en bois sont construites dans des régions sismiques.
Evrokod 5 - Projektiranje lesenih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila in pravila za stavbe
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 30-Dec-2023
- Technical Committee
- KON - Structures
- Current Stage
- 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 08-May-2025
- Due Date
- 26-Jun-2025
- Completion Date
- 04-Aug-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 26-Nov-2025
- Effective Date
- 26-Nov-2025
- Effective Date
- 26-Nov-2025
- Effective Date
- 31-Jul-2019
Overview
EN 1995-1-1:2025 - Eurocode 5, Part 1-1 provides the general rules and specific design requirements for the design of timber structures, with a focus on buildings and timber civil engineering works. Intended to be used with EN 1990 (basis of structural design), EN 1991 (actions on structures) and EN 1998 (seismic design) where applicable, this Eurocode sets out limit state design principles, material provisions and verification procedures for modern timber products such as glued laminated timber (GL), cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and traditional sawn and finger-jointed timbers.
Key Topics
- Scope & assumptions - General design rules for timber structures and integration with other Eurocodes for seismic regions.
- Basis of design - Principles of limit state design, basic variables and stiffness values for structural analysis.
- Materials - Requirements and design guidance for SL (strength graded timber), GST, GL, CLT, LVL, adhesives and softboards.
- Durability - Measures against biological attack, moisture effects and corrosion protection for fasteners.
- Structural analysis - Modelling, imperfections, second-order effects and simplified methods for stability assessment.
- Ultimate and serviceability limit states (ULS & SLS) - Member resistance, stability, deformations, vibrations and compressive deformations perpendicular to grain.
- Connections - Design of dowel-type fasteners, shear connectors, punched metal plate fasteners, bonded-in rods, carpentry connections and spacing/end distance rules.
- Special elements - Design of diaphragms, built‑up and mechanically jointed members, thin-webbed/flanged beams and timber foundation piles.
- Fatigue & robustness - Fatigue verification methods and informative annexes offering guidance on robustness, buckling, non-linear methods and additional provisions for CLT.
Applications
This Eurocode is essential for:
- Structural engineers designing timber buildings and timber bridges or civil engineering elements.
- Architects and contractors specifying timber systems (CLT, GL, LVL) and connections.
- Manufacturers and fabricators of engineered timber products requiring compliance guidance.
- Building control bodies and consultants assessing safety, serviceability and durability of timber designs.
Practical uses include component sizing, connection design, global structural analysis, bracing and stability checks, vibration and deflection control, and detailing for durability and fire resistance in combination with national annexes.
Related Standards
- EN 1990 - Basis of structural design
- EN 1991 (all parts) - Actions on structures
- EN 1998 (all parts) - Seismic design
- National Annexes to Eurocode 5 for country-specific parameters and partial factors
Keywords: Eurocode 5, EN 1995-1-1, design of timber structures, timber design Eurocode, CLT, glued laminated timber, timber connections, structural timber standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 is a draft published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings". This standard covers: 1.1 Scope of prEN 1995-1-1 (1) prEN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures. (2) prEN 1995-1-1 also gives specific design rules for buildings and timber civil engineering works. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document. (2) prEN 1995-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) when timber structures are built in seismic regions.
1.1 Scope of prEN 1995-1-1 (1) prEN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures. (2) prEN 1995-1-1 also gives specific design rules for buildings and timber civil engineering works. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document. (2) prEN 1995-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) when timber structures are built in seismic regions.
kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects; 91.080.20 - Timber structures. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 1995-1-1:2005/AC:2006, SIST EN 1995-1-1:2005/A1:2008, SIST EN 1995-1-1:2005/A2:2014, SIST EN 1995-1-1:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 305/2011; Standardization Mandates: M/515. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
01-december-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1995-1-1:2005
Evrokod 5: Projektiranje lesenih konstrukcij - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila in pravila za
stavbe
Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 5 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine
Regeln und Regeln für den Hochbau
Eurocode 5 - Calcul des structures en bois - Part 1-1: Règles générales et règles pour
les bâtiments
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1995-1-1
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1995-1-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2023
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.20 Will supersede EN 1995-1-1:2004
English Version
Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 1-1:
General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 5 - Calcul des structures en bois - Part 1-1: Eurocode 5 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Règles générales et règles pour les bâtiments Holzbauten - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Regeln und Regeln
für den Hochbau
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1995-1-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 11
1.1 Scope of EN 1995-1-1 . 11
1.2 Assumptions . 11
2 Normative references. 11
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 11
3.1 Symbols and abbreviations . 20
4 Basis of design . 53
4.1 General rules . 53
4.2 Principles of limit state design . 53
4.3 Basic variables . 54
4.4 Stiffness values for structural analysis . 58
4.5 Verification by the partial factor method . 60
5 Materials . 62
5.1 General . 62
5.2 Strength graded structural timber (SL) with rectangular cross-section and structural
finger jointed timber (FST) . 70
5.3 Glued solid timber (GST) . 71
5.4 Glued laminated timber (GL) . 71
5.5 Cross laminated timber (CLT) . 72
5.6 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) . 72
5.7 Glued laminated veneer lumber (GLVL) . 73
5.8 Softboards (SB) . 73
5.9 Adhesives . 73
6 Durability . 74
6.1 General . 74
6.2 Measures to prevent a biological attack . 74
6.3 Resistance to corrosion . 78
7 Structural analysis . 82
7.1 General . 82
7.2 Structural modelling . 83
7.3 Imperfections . 87
7.4 Simplified method for the evaluation of effects of actions based on second order
theory . 92
8 Ultimate limit states . 95
8.1 Member resistance verification. 95
8.2 Stability of members: simplified verification . 111
8.3 Additional rules for members with special geometries . 116
8.4 System strength . 144
9 Serviceability limit states . 145
9.1 General . 145
9.2 Deformations . 145
9.3 Vibrations . 148
9.4 Compressive deformation perpendicular to grain . 158
10 Fatigue . 159
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prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
10.1 General . 159
10.2 Fatigue verification for equivalent constant amplitude fatigue loading . 159
10.3 Fatigue verification for variable amplitude fatigue loading . 161
11 Connections . 161
11.1 General . 161
11.2 Resistance of a single dowel-type fastener . 163
11.3 Connection design with dowel-type fasteners . 182
11.4 Spacings, edge distances and end distances . 195
11.5 Brittle failure modes of connections with dowel-type fasteners laterally loaded
parallel to grain . 204
11.6 Brittle failure of connections loaded perpendicular to grain . 213
11.7 Shear connectors . 217
11.8 Punched metal plate fasteners . 225
11.9 Expanded tube fasteners . 225
11.10 Bonded-in rods . 225
11.11 Carpentry connections . 234
12 Mechanically jointed and glued webbed or flanged beams . 243
12.1 Glued thin-webbed beams . 243
12.2 Glued thin-flanged beams. 245
12.3 Mechanically jointed beams . 246
12.4 Mechanically jointed and glued columns . 247
13 Diaphragms . 247
13.1 General . 247
13.2 Diaphragms built out of timber framed elements . 248
13.3 Framed walls . 255
13.4 Framed floors . 263
13.5 Framed roofs . 271
13.6 Diaphragms built out of CLT, LVL and GLVL . 272
14 Timber foundation piles . 274
Annex A (informative) Additional guidance for increasing the robustness of timber
structures . 275
A.1 Use of this annex . 275
A.2 Scope and field of application . 275
A.3 Design for removal of structural elements . 276
A.4 Design for segmentation using fuse elements . 276
Annex B (informative) Stability and bracing of members and structural systems . 278
B.1 Use of this annex . 278
B.2 Scope and field of application . 278
B.3 Unbraced members: effective lengths and critical loads . 278
B.4 Braced members and bracing systems . 287
Annex C (informative) Buckling of beam columns – non-linear method . 307
C.1 Use of this annex . 307
C.2 Scope and field of application . 307
C.3 General . 307
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prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
C.4 In-plane buckling . 308
C.5 Buckling of members under major axis bending and axial force (compression or
tension), subject to lateral torsional buckling . 309
C.6 Buckling of members under biaxial bending and axial force (compression or tension),
subject to lateral torsional buckling . 312
C.7 Creep-buckling. 314
Annex D (normative) Additional design provisions for cross laminated timber (CLT) . 316
D.1 Use of this annex . 316
D.2 Scope and field of application . 316
D.3 Concentrated loads perpendicular to plane without reinforcement . 316
D.4 Concentrated loads perpendicular to the plane with reinforcement . 316
D.5 Concentrated loads in-plane . 319
D.6 Ribbed plates build up from ribs and CLT plates . 322
Annex E (informative) Mechanically jointed members . 325
E.1 Use of this annex . 325
E.2 Scope and field of application . 325
E.3 General . 325
E.4 Effective bending stiffness . 327
E.5 Stresses in the cross-section . 327
E.6 Load on mechanical fasteners . 328
Annex F (informative) Built-up columns . 329
F.1 Use of this annex . 329
F.2 Scope and field of application . 329
F.3 General . 329
F.4 Mechanically jointed columns. 330
F.5 Spaced columns with packs or gussets . 330
F.6 Lattice columns with glued or nailed joints . 334
Annex G (informative) Alternative method for vibration analysis of floors . 337
G.1 Use of this annex . 337
G.2 Scope and field of application . 337
G.3 General . 337
G.4 Transient response . 338
G.5 Resonant response . 339
Annex H (normative) Connections with punched metal plate fasteners (PMPF) . 342
H.1 Use of this annex . 342
H.2 Scope and field of application . 342
H.3 Design resistances . 342
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prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
H.4 Connection forces at an angle to the grain . 343
H.5 Plate geometry . 347
H.6 Plate strength and stiffness properties . 349
H.7 Plate anchorage strengths . 350
H.8 Connection strength verification in plane of timber assembly . 351
H.9 Plate withdrawal strengths. 355
H.10 Connection strength verification out of plane of timber assembly . 356
H.11 Plate slip modulus . 357
Annex I (informative) Connections with three-dimensional connectors . 358
I.1 Use of this annex . 358
I.2 Scope and field of application . 358
I.3 Connection slip modulus . 358
I.4 Connection capacity . 358
I.5 Angle bracket connection capacity . 360
I.6 Joist hanger connection resistance . 360
I.7 Post base connection resistance . 362
Annex J (informative) Connections with expanded tube fasteners . 363
J.1 Use of this annex . 363
J.2 Scope and application . 363
J.3 Introduction . 363
J.4 General requirements . 363
J.5 Design requirements . 364
J.6 Lateral load-carrying resistance and slip modulus . 365
J.7 Splice connections . 366
J.8 Connections exposed to bending moments, shear and normal forces . 367
Annex K (normative) Connections with interlayers . 370
K
.1 Use of this annex . 370
K.2 Scope and field of application . 370
K.3 Timber to timber connections . 370
K.4 Steel to timber joints . 375
Annex L (normative) Laminated timber decks (LTD) . 381
L.1 Use of this annex . 381
L.2 Scope and field of application . 381
L.3 Basis of design . 382
L.4 Materials . 382
L.5 Numerical analysis for laminated timber decks . 382
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prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
L.6 System stiffness . 382
L.7 System strength . 384
L.8 Simplifications for system strength . 385
L.9 Effective loaded area for concentrated vertical loads . 386
L.10 System verification of glued laminated timber decks . 386
Annex M (normative) Material and product properties for design . 387
M.1 Use of this annex . 387
M.2 Scope and field of application . 387
M.3 Timber products . 387
M.4 Gypsum and gypsum-based products. 394
M.5 Fasteners and connectors . 395
Annex N (informative) Classes and determination of some material properties . 400
N.1 Use of this annex . 400
N.2 Scope and field of application . 400
N.3 Strength classes for cross laminated timber (CLT) . 400
N.4 Strength classes for laminated veneer lumber (LVL) . 401
N.5 Characteristic strength and stiffness values of gypsum plasterboards and fibreboards 403
N.6 Categories for screws and rods with wood screw thread . 405
Annex O (informative) Numerical analysis for uni-directional timber elements . 407
O.1 Use of this annex . 407
O.2 Scope and field of application . 407
O.3 Determination of stiffness values . 407
Annex P (informative) Foundations with timber piles . 409
P.1 Use of this annex . 409
P.2 Scope and field of application . 409
P.3 General . 410
P.
4 Materials and properties . 411
P.5 Durability . 411
P.6 Structural analysis . 413
P.7 Ultimate limit states . 413
P.8 Serviceability limit states . 415
Annex Q (informative) Requirements for logs and pile extensions used as foundation piles . 416
Q.1 Use of this annex . 416
Q.2 Scope and field of application . 416
Q.3 Wood species . 416
Q.4 Geometrical properties . 417
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prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
Q.5 Grading . 418
Annex R (informative) Lateral displacement of multi storey monolithic shear walls and
single-storey segmented shear walls . 421
R.1 Use of this annex . 421
R.2 Scope and field of application . 421
R.3 Method of calculation of lateral displacement . 422
R.4 Displacement contributions for LTF, fully anchored- and monolithic CLT- and GLVL-C
shear walls without openings . 424
R.5 Displacement contributions for single-storey segmented CLT- and GLVL-C shear walls
without opening . 427
Annex S (informative) Framed walls with combined anchorage . 430
S.1 Use of this Annex. 430
S.2 Scope and field of application . 430
S.3 General . 430
S.4 Ultimate Limit State . 430
S.5 Serviceability limit state . 437
Bibliography . 438
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 1995-1-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural
Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes
and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1995-1-1:2004 and its amendments and corrigenda.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part of
the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to CEN by
the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product and
test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are relied
upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National Annexes.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are listed below:
inclusions of main timber products, e.g. cross laminated timber (CLT);
inclusion of product groups with similar material behaviour;
inclusion of material parameters needed for the design according to this document;
improved guidance on durability;
inclusion of provisions on holes in beams;
extension of compression perpendicular to grain verifications to serviceability limit state design;
inclusion of provisions on reinforcements;
improved guidance on vibration verification;
inclusion on guidance on fatigue verification;
inclusion of provisions on carpentry connections;
inclusion of provisions on bonded-in rods;
inclusion of provisions on foundations with timber piles;
improved provisions on robustness.
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
0 Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
— EN 1990 Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
— EN 1991 Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures
— EN 1992 Eurocode 2 — Design of concrete structures
— EN 1993 Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures
— EN 1994 Eurocode 4 — Design of composite steel and concrete structures
— EN 1995 Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures
— EN 1996 Eurocode 6 — Design of masonry structures
— EN 1997 Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design
— EN 1998 Eurocode 8 — Design of structures for earthquake resistance
— EN 1999 Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminium structures
— New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant authorities
(in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations), educators, software
developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1995 (all parts)
EN 1995 (all parts) applies to the design of timber structures and gives specific design rules for buildings
and civil engineering timber works.
EN 1995 is subdivided in various parts:
EN 1995-2, Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 2: Bridges
EN 1995-3, Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 3: Execution
EN 1995-1 in itself does not exist as a physical document, but comprises the following three separate
documents, the basic part being EN 1995-1-1:
EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1995-1-2, Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 1-2: Structural fire design
CEN/TS 19103, Design of timber structures — Structural design of timber-concrete composite structures –
Common rules and rules for buildings
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
EN 1995-2 “Bridges” refers to the common rules in EN 1995-1-1. The Clauses in EN 1995-2 supplement,
modify or supersede them, where relevant.
EN 1995-3 “Execution” refers to the common rules in EN 1995-1-1. The Clauses in EN 1995-3 supplement
the Clauses in EN 1995-1 and 1995-2.
0.3 Introduction to EN 1995-1-1
EN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures and civil engineering timber works.
0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall" expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
The verb “may" expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can" expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.5 National Annex for EN 1995-1-1
National choice is allowed in this document where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing EN 1995-1-1 can have a National Annex containing all national
choices to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant
country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this document is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this document, the choice can be specified by a
relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by appropriate parties.
National choice is allowed in EN 1995-1-1 through notes to the following clauses:
4.3.1.3(2) 4.3.1.4(1) 4.5.1(1) 4.5.2(1)
9.3.8(5) 10.1(2) 10.2(6) H.3(1)
L.3(1) L.3(2)
National choice is allowed in EN 1995-1-1 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex A Annex B Annex C Annex E
Annex F Annex G Annex I Annex J
Annex N Annex O Annex P Annex Q
Annex R Annex S
The National Annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
oSIST prEN 1995-1-1:2023
prEN 1995-1-1:2023 (E)
1 Scope
1.1 Scope of prEN 1995-1-1
(1) prEN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 also gives specific design rules for buildings and timber civil engineering works.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all
parts) when timber structures are built in seismic regions.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including those
referenced as recommendations (i.e. through ‘should’ clauses) and permissions (i.e. through ‘may’ clauses).
EN 1990:2023, Eurocode - Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures
prEN 1991-1-1:2023, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Specific weight of
materials, self-weight of construction works and imposed loads for buildings
prEN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings,
bridges and civil engineering structures
prEN 1993-1-9, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue
prEN 1995-3, Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 3: Execution
prEN 1997-3, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design - Part 3: Geotechnical structures
EN 1998 (all parts), Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999-1-1, Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General rules
EN 10255:2004+A1:2007, Non-alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading - Technical delivery
conditions
EN 14080:2013, Timber structures - Glued laminated timber and glued solid timber - Requirements
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes
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kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025는 목조 구조물 설계에 대한 포괄적인 규칙을 제공하는 중요한 문서입니다. 이 표준은 목조 구조물의 일반 설계 규칙과 더불어 건물 및 목조 토목 공사에 대한 특정 설계 규칙을 포함하고 있어, 다양한 유형의 목재 구조물 설계에 필수적인 지침을 제공합니다. 특히, 이 표준은 EN 1990의 가정을 따르며, EN 1990과 EN 1991(모든 부분), EN 1998(모든 부분)과 함께 사용할 것을 권장합니다. 이는 지진 발생 지역에서 목조 구조물이 건설될 경우 안전성을 더욱 높일 수 있는 방법을 제시합니다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때, prEN 1995-1-1은 건축 설계 시 안전성과 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025의 강점은 실질적인 사용 범위를 가지고 있으며, 지자체 및 건설 분야에서 목조 구조물의 설계를 위한 기본적인 기준을 제공함으로써 모든 관련 분야의 전문가들에게 높은 유용성을 가집니다. 이 표준의 규칙을 따르면, 설계자들은 구조물의 내구성 및 안정성을 고려하면서 효율적인 설계를 할 수 있는 토대를 마련할 수 있습니다. 결론적으로, kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025는 목조 구조물 설계에 필수적인 표준으로, 지진 지역에서의 안전성을 고려한 접근 방식이 매우 중요한 문서입니다. 이 표준은 전문가들뿐 아니라 관련 산업 전반에서도 폭넓게 적용될 수 있는 가치 있는 지침이 될 것입니다.
La norme kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 présente des lignes directrices essentielles pour la conception de structures en bois, offrant ainsi un cadre standardisé pour les ingénieurs et architectes. Son champ d'application est clairement défini, incluant des règles générales pour la conception des structures en bois, ainsi que des directives spécifiques pour les bâtiments et les travaux d'ingénierie civile en bois. Cela renforce la pertinence de la norme dans le domaine de la construction en bois, un secteur en pleine expansion et en constante évolution. Parmi les points forts de prEN 1995-1-1, on trouve sa capacité à intégrer les exigences de sécurité et de performance dans le design des structures en bois. En s'assurant que ces règles soient appliquées en conjonction avec d'autres normes, telles que EN 1990 et EN 1991, la norme garantit une approche intégrée qui est cruciale pour les projets situés dans des régions sismiques. Cette harmonie entre les normes renforce non seulement la sécurité, mais aussi la durabilité des constructions en bois, essentielles dans un contexte de changement climatique croissant. De plus, la norme prEN 1995-1-1 se distingue par son abordabilité et sa clarté, ce qui facilite l'application des règles pour les professionnels du secteur. La structure bien organisée et les explications détaillées assurent que les concepteurs peuvent facilement se référer aux règles pertinentes tout en garantissant la conformité avec les exigences réglementaires. En somme, prEN 1995-1-1 représente un pilier incontournable pour la conception de structures en bois, en alliant précision, sécurité et adaptabilité aux spécificités régionales. Sa capacité à s'intégrer avec d'autres normes en fait un outil indispensable pour tous les acteurs de la construction et de l'ingénierie en bois.
Die Norm kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 befasst sich umfassend mit dem Entwurf von Holzbauwerken und bietet eine solide Grundlage für die Planung und Ausführung von sowohl allgemeinen Holzstrukturen als auch spezifischen Anforderungen an Gebäude und ingenieurtechnische Holzbauwerke. Diese umfassende Norm ist von herausragender Bedeutung für die Sicherstellung der strukturellen Integrität und Sicherheit von Holzbauprojekten, wobei die allgemeinen Entwurfsregeln für Holzbauwerke im Fokus stehen. Eine der Stärken von prEN 1995-1-1 ist, dass sie nicht nur allgemeine, sondern auch spezifische Entwurfsregeln für den Bau von Gebäuden und Holzbauwerken im Ingenieurbereich bereitstellt. Diese Unterscheidung ermöglicht es Fachleuten, die Anforderungen und Herausforderungen, die mit verschiedenen Arten von Holzstrukturen verbunden sind, präzise zu berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus ist die Norm für den Einsatz in erdbebengefährdeten Gebieten besonders relevant, da sie in Verbindung mit anderen Normen wie EN 1990 und EN 1991 verwendet werden sollte. Dies gewährleistet, dass die spezifischen seismischen Anforderungen angemessen berücksichtigt werden. Darüber hinaus reflektiert die Norm die Annahmen aus EN 1990, was die Konsistenz und Kompatibilität innerhalb der europäischen Normierung stärkt. Diese Synergie ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Implementierung bewährter praktischer Methoden und sorgt dafür, dass die Planung von Holzbauwerken nach den neuesten wissenschaftlichen und ingenieurtechnischen Erkenntnissen erfolgt. Insgesamt bietet kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 einen umfassenden, klar strukturierten Rahmen, der Entwickler, Architekten und Ingenieure dabei unterstützt, Holzbauwerke sicher und effizient zu gestalten. Durch die Festlegung von allgemeinen und spezifischen Entwurfsregeln sowie die Berücksichtigung von seismischen Ereignissen stellt die Norm sicher, dass Holzbauprojekte den höchsten Standards für Sicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit entsprechen.
kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025は、木材構造の設計における基本的なガイドラインを提供する重要な文書です。このスタンダードは、一般的な設計規則と、特に建物や木材の土木工事に関する具体的な設計規則を含んでいます。これは、木材構造物を設計する際の指針として非常に重要です。特に、木材構造物が震災地域に建設される場合には、EN 1990やEN 1991、EN 1998と協調して使用されることが想定されています。 この標準の強みは、単に設計ルールを提供するだけでなく、地震地域での建設に対応した実用的な知識とガイドラインを組み込んでいる点です。これにより、設計者は地域の特性に合った木材構造物をより安全に設計できるようになります。また、木材の特性や環境条件を考慮した設計が推奨されているため、持続可能な建築にも貢献します。 kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025は、木材構造設計の分野において非常に関連性が高く、その適用範囲や強みは、今後の建築基準や設計手法において依然として重要な役割を果たすでしょう。木材構造物の設計における安全性と効率性を高めるための基盤を提供し、設計者に信頼できる道しるべを与える標準として、高く評価されるべきです。
The kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025, also known as Eurocode 5, serves a critical role in the design of timber structures, encompassing both general rules and specific directives tailored for buildings and timber civil engineering works. Its comprehensive scope positions it as an essential standard for architects, engineers, and builders engaged in timber construction, ensuring that their projects adhere to widely accepted design principles. One of the notable strengths of prEN 1995-1-1 is its integration with other established standards such as EN 1990, which provides the foundational assumptions on which this document builds upon. This synergy is particularly vital when considering the complexities involved in timber structures, especially in seismic regions where EN 1991 and EN 1998 must be factored into the design process. The ability to cross-reference with these standards enhances the document's relevance and practicality, making it an indispensable resource for professionals aiming to achieve safety and performance in timber design. Moreover, the standard's clarity in defining the rules for timber structures ensures that designers have a dependable framework that promotes consistency and innovation in architectural practices. The delineation of specific guidelines for both general construction and specialized civil engineering applications underscores its robustness, enabling users to navigate diverse timber-related challenges confidently. Overall, the kSIST FprEN 1995-1-1:2025 stands out as a pivotal document that not only facilitates compliance with safety regulations but also encourages the effective application of modern design techniques in timber construction, enhancing its significance in the field of civil engineering.
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