SIST ETS 300 945 E6:2003
(Main)Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Rate adaption on the Mobile Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1)
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Rate adaption on the Mobile Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1)
SUBJECT Clarification to the association between channel codings and intermediate rates
Digitalni celični telekomunikacijski sistem (faza 2+) – Prilagoditev hitrosti na vmesniku sistema mobilna postaja-bazna postaja (MS-BSS) (GSM 04.21, različica 5.5.1)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
'LJLWDOQLFHOLþQLWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMVNLVLVWHP ID]D ±3ULODJRGLWHYKLWURVWLQD
YPHVQLNXVLVWHPDPRELOQDSRVWDMDED]QDSRVWDMD 06%66 *60UD]OLþLFD
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Rate adaption on the
Mobile Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 945 Edition 6
ICS:
33.070.50 Globalni sistem za mobilno Global System for Mobile
telekomunikacijo (GSM) Communication (GSM)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN ETS 300 945
TELECOMMUNICATION October 1998
STANDARD Sixth Edition
Source: SMG Reference: RE/SMG-040421QR4
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Digital cellular telecommunications system, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)
R
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Rate adaption on the Mobile Station - Base Station System
(MS - BSS) interface
(GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1)
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.org
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Standards Making Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Contents
Foreword . 5
1 Scope. 7
2 Normative references . 7
2.1 Abbreviations and definitions. 7
3 General approach . 8
3.1 Overview of the multislot data rates . 8
4 The RA0 Function. 10
4.1 Asynchronous-to-Synchronous Conversion (RA0). 10
4.2 Break signal. 11
4.3 Overspeed/Underspeed . 11
4.4 Parity Bits. 11
4.5 Flow Control . 11
5 The RA1 Function. 11
5.1 Adaptation of synchronous data rates up to 38,4 kbit/s . 12
5.1.1 Network Independent Clocking . 13
5.1.1.1 Multiframe Structure. 13
5.1.1.2 Encoding and compensation. 13
6 The RA1’’ function. 14
6.1 Rate adaptation of 48 kbit/s user rates with DTE/DCE status to 64 kbit/s . 14
6.2 Rate adaptation of 56 kbit/s user rate to 64 kbit/s. 14
7 The RA2 Function. 14
8 The RA1/RA1' Function . 15
8.1 Single slot rates. 15
8.1.1 Radio interface rate of 14,5 kbit/s . 15
8.1.1.1 Multiframe structure over the radio-interface . 16
8.1.1.2 Radio-interface data block for TCH/F14.4 channel coding 17
8.1.2 Radio Interface rate of 12 kbit/s. 18
8.1.4 Radio Interface rate of 6 kbit/s. 18
8.1.5 Radio Interface rate of 3,6 kbit/s (transparent services only) . 19
8.1.6 Synchronisation. 20
8.1.7 Idle frames . 20
8.2 Multislot rates . 20
8.2.1 TCH/F14.4 multislot operation . 20
8.2.2 AIURs up to 38,4 kbit/s using TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings . 20
8.2.3 AIURs up to 38,4 kbit/s using TCH/F14.4 channel coding. 21
8.2.4 AIUR of 48 kbit/s; Intermediate rate of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of 5·
12 kbit/s. 21
8.2.5 AIUR of 48 kbit/s; Intermediate rate of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of 4·
14,5 kbit/s. 21
8.2.6 AIUR of 56 kbit/s; Intermediate rate of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of 5
· 12 kbit/s. 22
8.2.7 AIUR of 56 kbit/s; Intermediate rate of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of
4 · 14,5 kbit/s. 22
8.2.8 AIUR of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of 6 · 12 kbit/s. 22
8.2.9 AIUR of 64 kbit/s; Radio interface rate of 5 · 14,5 kbit/s. 23
9 The RA1' Function . 23
9.1 Synchronous user rates up to 9,6 kbit/s . 23
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
9.2 Synchronous user rates from 9,6 kbit/s onward; TCH/F9.6/4.8 channel codings.24
9.3 Synchronous user rates from 9,6 kbit/s onward; TCH/F14.4 channel coding .24
10 The Split/Combine and Padding-functions.24
10.1 Data frame distribution into the substreams/channels by the Split/Combine function.24
10.1.1 Data frame distribution into the substreams/channels by the
Split/Combine function (TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings).24
10.1.2 Data block distribution into the substreams by the Split/Combine function
(TCH/F14.4 channel coding) .25
10.2 Substream numbering in transparent operation .25
10.2.1 Substream numbering for TCH/F14.4 channel coding.26
10.3 Initial Substream Synchronisation for TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings.26
10.3.1 Initial Substream Synchronisation for TCH/F14.4 channel coding.26
10.4 Action on loss of synchronisation.26
10.4.1 Non-transparent services (TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings) .26
10.4.2 Transparent services (TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings).27
10.4.3 Non-transparent services (TCH/F14.4 channel coding).27
10.4.4 Transparent services (TCH/F14.4 channel coding) .27
10.5 Network independent clocking.27
10.5.1 Network Independent Clocking for TCH/F14.4 channel coding (both
single- and multilinks).27
10.5.1.1 Negative compensation .28
10.5.1.2 Positive compensation.28
10.6 Padding TCH/F frames when the AIUR is not a multiple of 9,6 or 4,8 kbit/s.28
10.6.1 Padding for TCH/F14.4 channel coding .29
10.7 Handling of the E1-E3 bits in multislot operation .29
11 Support of Non-Transparent Bearer Services.29
11.1 Support of non-transparent operation for TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings .29
11.2 Support of non-transparent operation for TCH/F14.4 channel coding.30
12 Figures on Frame structures.31
Annex A (informative): Stacks of rate adaptation.36
A.1 Stacks of rate adaptation for 9,6/4,8 kbit/s single slot operation.36
A.2 Stacks of rate adaptation for 14,4 kbit/s single slot operation.37
A.3 Stacks of rate adaptation for 9,6/4,8 kbit/s multi slot operation .38
A.4 Stacks of rate adaptation for 14,4 kbit/s multi slot operation .39
Annex B (informative): An example of mapping Network Independent Clocking information for
TCH/F14.4 when the S-interface is deployed:.40
Annex C (informative): Change history .41
History.42
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Special Mobile Group
(SMG) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This ETS defines the rate adaptation functions to be used in Mobile Stations (MS) for adapting terminal
interface data rates to the Mobile Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface data rates within the
digital cellular telecommunications system.
The specification from which this ETS has been derived was originally based on CEPT documentation,
hence the presentation of this ETS may not be entirely in accordance with the ETSI/PNE Rules.
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 23 October 1998
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 31 January 1999
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 July 1999
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 July 1999
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) defines the rate adaptation functions to be used in
GSM PLMN Mobile Stations (MS)s for adapting terminal interface data rates to the Mobile Station - Base
Station System (MS-BSS) interface data rates in accordance with GSM 03.10 [3].
The provision of these functions will depend on the services a particular station is designed to support.
NOTE: This ETS should be considered together with GSM 08.20 [9] (Rate Adaptation on the
BSS-MSC Interface) to give a complete description of PLMN rate adaptation.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] GSM 01.04 (ETR 350): "Digital cellular telecommunication system (Phase 2+);
Abbreviations and acronyms".
[2] GSM 02.34: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); High
Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) -Stage 1".
[3] GSM 03.10: "Digital cellular telecommunication system (Phase 2+); GSM Public
Land Mobile Network (PLMN) connection types".
[4] GSM 03.34 (TS 101 038): “Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) - Stage 2 Service
Description”.
[5] GSM 05.03 (ETS 300 909): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Channel coding".
[6] GSM 07.01 (ETS 300 913): "Digital cellular telecommunication system
(Phase 2+); General on Terminal Adaptation Functions (TAF) for Mobile
Stations (MS)".
[7] GSM 07.02 (ETS 300 914): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Terminal Adaptation Functions (TAF) for services using
asynchronous bearer capabilities".
[8] GSM 07.03 (ETS 300 915): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Terminal Adaptation Functions (TAF) for services using
synchronous bearer capabilities".
[9] GSM 08.20: "Digital cellular telecommunication system; Rate adaption on the
Base Station System - Mobile-services Switching Centre (BSS - MSC)
interface".
[10] CCITT Recommendation V.110: "Support of data terminal equipments (DTEs)
with V-Series interfaces by an integrated services digital network".
[11] CCITT Recommendation X.30: "Support of X.21,X.21 bis and X.20 bis based
terminal equipments (DTEs) by integrated services digital network (ISDN)".
2.1 Abbreviations and definitions
Abbreviations used in this ETS are listed in GSM 01.04.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Overall data stream: The data stream in those parts of the network where the data flow is not split into
multiple channels.
Substream: Stream of data with explicit or implicit numbering between splitter and combiner functions.
Channel: A physical full rate channel on the radio interface (TCH/F) independent of the contents
Multislot intermediate rate: Intermediate rate per substream in those parts of the network where the
overall data stream is split into substreams.
Intermediate rate: Intermediate rate in the overall data stream.
Substream rate: The user rate including padding, if applicable, on one individual substream
3 General approach
GSM 03.10 defines the PLMN connection types necessary to support the GSM PLMN data and telematic
services.
Within the MS there are several different data rate adaptation functions - and a Split/Combine-function in
case of a multislot data configuration - which are combined as shown in GSM 03.10 as part of the
connection type.
The rate adaptation functions are RA0, RA1, RA2, RA1', RA1’’ and RA1/RA1'. The RA0, RA1 and RA2
are equivalent to those functions described in CCITT recommendation V.110 [11].
The RA1' function is similar to RA1 but has a reduced bit rate output compatible with the coding scheme
proposed for data services on the radio interface.
The RA1’’ function is used for converting between synchronous user rates of 48 and 56 kbit/s and the rate
64 kbit/s.
The RA1/RA1' is a relay function, used as indicated in GSM 03.10.
In multislot data-configurations the overall data stream is split into parallel substreams between the
Split/Combine-functions.
3.1 Overview of the multislot data rates
For TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8 channel codings, the multislot intermediate rates are 16 and 8 kbit/s per
TCH/F, respectively.
For TCH/F14.4 channel coding, the multislot intermediate rate is 16 kbit/s per TCH/F.
Between the TE and the Split/Combine-function at the MS, where the overall data stream is not split,
intermediate rates of 8, 16, 32 and 64 kbit/s are applicable
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Table 1: AIUR/Multislot intermediate rates
Air interface user DTE/DCE RA0 RA1/RA1’ RA1’
rate statuses
Padding
Multislot intermediate Frame type Radio
rate interface rate
X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s£ 600 bit/s
1200 bit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s
2,4 kbit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s
4,8 kbit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 6 kbit/s
9,6 kbit/s X X 80 bit frames 12 kbit/s or
16 kbit/s or 2·8 kbit/s
2·6 kbit/s
14,4 kbit/s X X 2·16 kbit/s or 3·8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 2·12 kbit/s or P
(note 1)
3·6 kbit/s
16 kbit/s 14,5 kbit/s
Note 7
19,2 kbit/s X X 80 bit frames
2·16 kbit/s or 4·8 kbit/s 2·12 kbit/s or
4·6 kbit/s
28,8 kbit/s X X 80 bit frames
3·16 kbit/s 3·12 kbit/s
2 x 16 kbit/s
2·14,5 kbit/s
Note 7
38,4 kbit/s X X 80 bit frames P
4·16 kbit/s 4·12 kbit/s
(note 6)
3 x 16 kbit/s 3·14,5 kbit/s
Note7
48 kbit/s X Note 2 Note 2 P
5·12 kbit/s
(note 6)
4 x 16 kbit/s 4·14,5 kbit/s
Note7
56 kbit/s Note 2 Note 2 P
5·12 kbit/s
(note 3) (note 6)
4x16 kbit/s
4·14,5 kbit/s
Note7
64 kbit/s Note 2 Note 2 P
6·12 kbit/s
(note 1)
(note 3)
(note 6)
5·14,5 kbit/s
P=Padding used
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Table 2: AIUR / Intermediate rates
Air interface DTE/DCE RA0 RA1 RA1’
user rate statuses
Padding
Intermediate Frame type Radio interface
rate rate
X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s£ 600 bit/s
1200 bit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s
2,4 kbit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 3,6 kbit/s
4,8 kbit/s X X 8 kbit/s 80 bit frames 6 kbit/s
9,6 kbit/s X X 16 kbit/s 80 bit frames 12 kbit/s or
2·6 kbit/s
14,4 kbit/s X X 32 kbit/s 80 bit frames 2·12 kbit/s or P
(note 1)
3·6 kbit/s
1x14,5 kbit/s
19,2 kbit/s X X 32 kbit/s 80 bit frames
2·12 kbit/s or
4·6 kbit/s
28,8 kbit/s X X 64 kbit/s 80 bit frames
3·12 kbit/s
2·14,5 kbit/s
38,4 kbit/s X X 64 kbit/s 80 bit frames 4·12 kbit/s P
(note 6)
3·14,5 kbit/s
48 kbit/s X Note 4 Note 4 5·12 kbit/s P
(note 6)
4·14,5 kbit/s
56 kbit/s Note 4 Note 4 5·12 kbit/s P
(note 6)
(note 3)
4·14,5 kbit/s
64 kbit/s Note 5 Note 5 P
6·12 kbit/s
(note 1)
(note 3)
(note 6)
5·14,5 kbit/s
P=Padding used
NOTE 1: For information on the padding procedure, please refer to clause 10 of this document.
NOTE 2: No multislot intermediate rate; substreams combined at the BSS when TCH/F9.6/4.8
channel coding is used.
NOTE 3: AIUR 11,2 kbit/s per channel
NOTE 4: For this rateGSM-specific rate adaptation function RA1’’ rather than RA1is applied.
NOTE 5: For this rate RA1- and RA2- adaptations are not applied.
NOTE 6: Padding used as specified for TCH/F14.4 channel codings
NOTE 7: At the network side, RA1’/RA1 not applied; instead a TCH/F14,4-specific adaptation
RA1’/RAA’ used (GSM 08.20)
4 The RA0 Function
4.1 Asynchronous-to-Synchronous Conversion (RA0)
The RA0 Function is only used with asynchronous interfaces. Incoming asynchronous data is padded by
the addition of stop elements to fit the nearest higher rate defined by 2 to the power n ( where n£ 6) times
600 bit/s or, if applicable, to either 14,4 or 28,8 kbit/s. Thus both 75 bit/s and 300 bit/s user data signalling
rates shall be adapted to a synchronous 600 bit/s stream. The resultant synchronous stream is fed to RA1
or RA1'.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Asynchronous user rate Synchronous user rate
0.6 kbit/s£ 0.6 kbit/s
1,2 kbit/s 1,2 kbit/s
2,4 kbit/s 2,4 kbit/s
4,8 kbit/s 4,8 kbit/s
9,6 kbit/s 9,6 kbit/s
14,4 kbit/s 14,4 kbit/s
19,2 kbit/s 19,2 kbit/s
28,8 kbit/s 28,8 kbit/s
38,4 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s
4.2 Break signal
The RA0 shall detect and transmit the break signal in the following fashion:
If the converter detects M to 2M+3 bits, all of start polarity, where M is the number of bits per character in
the selected format including start and stops bits, the converter shall transmit 2M+3 bits of start polarity.
If the converter detects more than 2M+3 bits all of start polarity, the converter shall transmit all these bits
as start polarity.
The 2M+3 or more bits of start polarity received from the transmitting sides shall be output to the receiving
terminal.
The terminal must transmit on circuit 103 at least 2M bits stop polarity after the start polarity break signal
before sending further data character. The converter shall then regain character synchronism from the
following stop to start transition.
4.3 Overspeed/Underspeed
A RA0 shall insert additional stop elements when its associated terminal is transmitting with a lower than
nominal character rate. If the terminal is transmitting characters with an overspeed of up to 1 %, the
asynchronous-to-synchronous converter may delete stop elements as often as is necessary to a
maximum of one for every eight characters at 1 % overspeed. The converter on the receiving side shall
detect the deleted stop elements and reinsert them in the received data stream (circuit 104).
The realization of overspeed handling, as described above, at the interface to the associated terminal is
implementation dependent. Possible implementations are e.g. the reduction of the length of the stop
elements according to V.110 [9] or increased data rates between the TA and terminal.
4.4 Parity Bits
Possible parity bits included in the user data are considered as data bits by the RA0 function (and RA1
function).
4.5 Flow Control
Where applicable, this function is as specified in the relevant terminal adaptation function Specification
(see GSM 07 series).
5 The RA1 Function
This function is used to adapt between the synchronous user rates, or the output of the RA0 function and
the intermediate rate of 8, 16, 32 or 64 kbit/s.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
5.1 Adaptation of synchronous data rates up to 38,4 kbit/s
Synchronous user rate Intermediate
rate
£ 2,4 kbit/s 8 kbit/s
4,8 kbit/s 8 kbit/s
9,6 kbit/s 16 kbit/s
14,4 kbit/s 32 kbit/s
19,2 kbit/s 32 kbit/s
28,8 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
38,4 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
A CCITT V.110 80 bits frame is constructed using the user data bits received (from the RA0 in the
asynchronous case), the values of the S bits are deduced from the R interface.
Adaptation of 600 bit/s to 8Kbit/s is performed by 8 times consecutive duplication of each user data bit.
(Figure 9)
Adaptation of 1200 bit/s to 8 Kbit/s is performed by 4 times consecutive duplication of each user data bit.
(Figure 8)
Adaptation of 2400 bit/s to 8kbit/s is performed by 2 times consecutive duplication of each user data bit.
(Figure 7)
Adaptation of 4800 bit/s to 8 Kbit/s is performed by transmitting the bit stream with no duplication.
(Figure 3)
Adaptation of 9600 bit/s to 16 Kbit/s is performed by transmitting the bit stream with no duplication (the
emitting period is halved with respect to the 4800 bit/s case). (Figure 3)
Adaptation of 14400 bit/s to 32 Kbit/s is performed as for 3600 bit/s to 8 kbit/s (the emitting period is
divided by four with respect to the 3600 bit/s case).( Adaptation of 3600 bit/s to 8 kbit/s is performed by
transmitting the bit stream with no duplication.) (Figure 12)
Adaptation of 19200 bit/s to 32 Kbit/s is performed as for 4800 bit/s to 8 kbit/s (the emitting period is
divided by four with respect to the 4800 bit/s case). (Figure 3)
Adaptation of 28800 bit/s to 64 Kbit/s is performed as for 3600 bit/s to 8 kbit/s (the emitting period is
divided by eight with respect to the 3600 bit/s case). (Figure 12)
Adaptation of 38400 bit/s to 64 Kbit/s is performed as for 4800 bit/s 8 kbit/s (the emitting period is divided
by eight with respect to the 4800 bit/s case). (Figure 3)
The CCITT V.110 80 bit frames shown in Figures 3 and 12 are used. The D bits are used to convey the
user data and the S and X bits are used to convey channel control information according to the relevant
terminal adapter function Specification.
The E bits are used to convey the following information:
i) User Data Rate - E1, E2, E3 (for single slot operation see Figure 4, and for multislot operation
Figure 4 and subclause 10.7)
ii) Network Independent Clocking - E4, E5, E6
iii) Multiframe Synchronisation - E7
The order of transmission of the 80 bit frame is from left to right and top to bottom.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
5.1.1 Network Independent Clocking
Synchronous data signals received by the MT from the DTE at the MS or by IWF from the modem on the
PSTN may not be synchronized to the PLMN. The following method shall be used to enable transfer of
those data signals and the corresponding bit timing information via the V.110 frames. Such a situation
would exist where the signals received from the modem at the IWF require its own clock or where the
signals received from the DTE at the MS employs its own network independent clock. In any case, the
frequency tolerance of the clocks involved is 100 ppm.
5.1.1.1 Multiframe Structure
The transmitting end of the GSM PLMN connection shall establish a multiframe structure utilizing bit E7
consisting of four frames by setting E7 in every fourth frame to binary 0. This structure is identical to the
use of E7 in V.110 (and X.30) except that such a multiframe structure will exist for all user data rates. This
frame synchronization will be achieved and maintained during the entire call so that corrections for the
network independent clocking by the receiving end of the GSM PLMN connection can be easily
recognized and applied based on the code words (in c1, c2, c3, c4 and c5) positioned in bits E4, E5 and
E6 of two consecutive V.110 frames as illustrated in figure 1. Thus, the multiframe structure allows for one
5-bit code words to be transmitted every two V.110 frames for the purposes of network independent
clocking. The two code-words may be different from each other within the multiframe shown in figure 1.
Frame E4 E5 E6 E7
MF 0a c1 c2 1 0
MF 1a c3 c4 c5 1
MF 0b c1 c2 1 1
MF 1b c3 c4 c5 1
Figure 1: NIC Multiframe Structure
Once Multiframe synchronization is achieved, each code word is independently evaluated to determine the
compensation needed, if any. The compensation is applied as explained in section 3.1.2 in V.110 frames
MF 1a and MF 1b.
5.1.1.2 Encoding and compensation
The V.110 transmitter will use the following 5-bit code words, as shown in figure 2, to indicate the four
possible states of compensation required for network independent clocking.
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5
No compensation 1 1111
Negative compensation 1 0010
Positive compensation of a zero 0 1001
Positive compensation of one 0 0100
Figure 2: NIC Code Words
When negative compensation is indicated, one less user data bit than normal is transported in the
affected frame (MF1a or MF1b). A negative compensation shall cause the receiver to delete the user data
bit occupied by bit position D25, since the transmitter sets this to binary 1 and does not utilize this position
for user data. At those user data rates where the user data bit is repeated, all copies of D25 shall be
discarded. In case of 80-bit frames with 36 data bits, bit D19 is discarded instead.
When a positive compensation is indicated, one additional user data bit is transferred by means of the
code word. At the receiver, a positive compensation will cause a user data bit of binary value 0 or 1, as
indicated by the code word, to be inserted between the user data bits carried in bit positions D24 and D25
(in MF1a or MF1b) of the V.110 frame illustrated in figure 3. In case of 80-bit frames with 36 data bits, the
insertion is done to between bits D18 and D19.
When no compensation is necessary, or when NIC is applied, the values of E4, E5, E6, E7, on the 4 multi
frame scheme is:
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
Frame E4 E5 E6 E7
MF 0a
MF 1a
MF 0b
MF 1b
When NIC is not applicable, the MS and the IWF shall disregard the received value of bits E4, E5, E6 and
E7 in the data transmission phase.
NOTE: NIC is not applicable in the following cases:
- transparent asynchronous bearer services;
- the facsimile teleservices in the transparent mode;
- every transparent bearer services when interworking with an UDI Information
Transfer Capability.
6 The RA1’’ function
The RA1’’ function is used for converting between synchronous user rates of 48 and 56 kbit/s and the
‘intermediate’ rate of 64 kbit/s. (RA1’’ is a GSM-specific term which is used for the one-step adaptation of
48 and 56 kbit/s rates into 64 kbit/s as specified in ITU-T V.110. For the purposes of GSM specifications
the term ‘intermediate rate’ is used for the resulting 64 kbit/s rate although this is not done in V.110
recommendation.)
6.1 Rate adaptation of 48 kbit/s user rates with DTE/DCE status to 64 kbit/s
A CCITT V.110 32 bits frame is constructed using the user data bits received, the values of the S bits are
deduced from the R interface.
The CCITT V.110 32 bit frame shown in Figure 13 is used. The D bits are used for conveying the user
data and the S and X bits are used for conveying channel control information according to the relevant
terminal adapter function Specification.The order of transmission of the 32 bit frame is from left to right
and top to bottom.
6.2 Rate adaptation of 56 kbit/s user rate to 64 kbit/s
A CCITT V.110 64 bits frame is constructed using the user data bits received.
The CCITT V.110 64 bit frame shown in figure 14 is used. The D bits are used for conveying the user
data.
The order of transmission of the 64 bit frame is from left to right and top to bottom.
7 The RA2 Function
This procedure is based on the RA2 function as specified in CCITT V.110. It is used to rate adapt to/from
the intermediate rates of 8, 16 or 32 kbit/s from/to the 64 kbit/s rate used at the S interface.
Intermediate rate Rate at the S interface
8 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
16 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
32 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
For the intermediate- and user data rate of 64 kbit/s, the RA2 transmits the bit stream over the S-interface
as it is.
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It considers the 64 kbit/s stream over the S-interface to consist of octets, bits 1 through 8, with bit 1 being
transmitted first.
The procedure requires that:
i) The 8 kbit/s stream occupies bit position 1;
ii) The 16 kbit/s bitstream occupies bit positions (1,2);
iii) The 32 kbit/s bitstream occupies bit positions (1,2,3,4) ;
iv) The order of transmission of the bits of the subrate stream is identical before and after rate
adaptation.
v) All unused bits in the 64 kbit/s stream are set to binary "1".
8 The RA1/RA1' Function
The RA1/RA1' function is used in transparent cases to convert between the intermediate rate and the
input rate to the channel coder function for transmission over the radio interface. This conversion also
appears on the infrastructure side in both transparent and non-transparent cases as specified in GSM
08.20 except for TCH/F14.4.
8.1 Single slot rates
Intermediate rate Radio interface rate
8 kbit/s 3,6 kbit/s
8 kbit/s 6 kbit/s
16 kbit/s 12 kbit/s
32 kbit/s 14,5 kbit/s
There are four data rates (known as Radio Interface rates) used for data transfer to the channel coder.
These are 14,5 kbit/s, 12 kbit/s, 6 kbit/s and 3.6 kbit/s, and in order to adapt the 8,16, and 32 kbit/s
intermediate rates to these data rates, three processes are used.
Firstly the 17 synchronization bits are removed.
Secondly the E1, E2 and E3 bits are removed. For transparent services, the values of the E1, E2, E3 bits
are determined at the MT and in case of TCH/F9.6 and TCH/F4.8, at the BTS based on the indication
given by outband signalling (either in the User Rate field of the BC-IE of the SETUP message for the MT
or in the Channel Type information in the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message for the BSS). For non
transparent services, the coding of the E1, E2 and E3 bits is described in GSM 08.20.
Thirdly, in the 3.6 kbit/s case, half the data bits are discarded. These processes result in modified CCITT
V.110 frames of sizes 60,60 and 36 bits for the 12, 6 and 3.6 kbit/s data rates respectively. The resultant
modified CCITT V.110 frames for the various user data rates are shown in figures 5 - 9.
Further procedures for TCH/F14.4 channel coder input rate in subclause 8.1.1.
8.1.1 Radio interface rate of 14,5 kbit/s
In this case one modified CCITT V.110 frame is received/sent from/to the network every 2.5 ms (see GSM
05.03). The RA1/RA1’ function adds/subtracts the 17-bit synchronisation pattern, the F-, E-, X-, and S-bits
to/from the 80-bit V.110-frames.
Bits M1 and M2 are transmitted along with the modified 36-bit V.110 frames every 20 ms over the radio
interface (See GSM 05.03). Bit M2 is used by the RA1/RA1’-function for deriving/mapping the E-, S-, and
X-bits. Bit M1 is used for multislot synchronisation. The usage of these bits is further elaborated in
subclause 8.1.1.1.
The modified CCITT V.110 36-bit frame received/sent from/to the network at 14,4 kbit/s:
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12
D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24
D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
is converted/derived into/from the following 80-bit V.110-frame at 32 kbit/s. The E-, S-, and X-bits are
mapped/extracted to/from the M2-bit sequence.
000 00 000
1 D1D2 D3D4 D5D6 S1
1D7 D8 D9 D10 F F X
1 D11 D12 F F D13 D14 S3
1 F F D15 D16 D17 D18 S4
1 E1E2 E3E4 E5E6E7
1 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 S6
1 D25 D26 D27 D28 F F X
1 D29 D30 F F D31 D32 S8
1 F F D33 D34 D35 D36 S9
For the 36-bit frames the received D-bits are set as they were transmitted. For transparent services E, S,
and X-bits are reproduced based on the M2-bit sequence as described in subclause 8.1.1.1. Bits E1, E2,
and E3 are set according to the user data rate as shown in Figure 4 for transparent services.
8.1.1.1 Multiframe structure over the radio-interface
Bit M1 carries a 31-bit PN multiframe code 0000 1001 0110 0111 1100 0110 1110 101. One multiframe bit
is transmitted every 20 ms, which means that one whole multiframe consists of 248 36-bit 2.5 ms frames.
Bit M2 carries V.24 circuit status information, network independent clocking (NIC) information and
substream numbering as indicated in the following figure:
bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 - 11 12- 15 16 - 19 20 - 23 24 - 27 28 - 30
number
M1: 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
M2: # # # SB SB X # # # X SB SB # # # SB SB X # # # X SB SB NNNN N SB SB
where # # # = Substream number (multilink operation)
SB = the SB status bit
X = the X-status bit
NNNNN = Network independent clocking code
In the MS to Network direction the information carried by the M2-bit sequence is mapped in the following
manner:
An M1/M2-bit pair is transmitted along each block of data containing eight modified V.110 36-bit frames.
The three-bit #-sequence carries a number identifying each substream (multislot operation); the
substreams are numbered 0,1,2 etc. The status- and NIC-information is mapped between the M2-
sequence(s) and the V.110-frames. Bits SB and X are mapped to V.24 circuits as specified in subclause
8.2.2 of GSM 07.01
The SB-bit carries the V.110 SB-status information, and the X-bit the X-status information.
Five consecutive N-bits carrying an NIC-code in the M2-sequence indicate ‘negative compensation’ or
‘positive compensation’ if such a compensation is required. Otherwise’ no compensation’ is indicated by
the N-bits.
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
N-bit 24 in M2- N-bit 25 in M2- N-bit 26 in M2- N-bit 27 in M2- N-bit 28 in M2-
sequence sequence sequence sequence sequence
No 11 11 1
compensation
Negative 10 01 0
compensation
Positive 01 00 1
compensation
of a zero
Positive 00 10 0
compensation
of a one
The Network to MS direction:
The status-information is filtered as described in GSM 07.01. To change the SB- or X-status mode, it is
required that at least two consecutive SB- or X-bits, respectively, carry the same value.
For NIC-procedure, refer to subclause 10.5.1.
8.1.1.2 Radio-interface data block for TCH/F14.4 channel coding
A radio-interface data block for a TCH/F14.4 channel consists of 8 36-bit data frames and bits M1 and M2
as shown in the following table:
M1 M2
1 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
3 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
4 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
5 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
6 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
7 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
8 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
The number on the left indicates the order of the data frames in the 290-bit block; the 36-bit frame in
position one was received before that in position two etc. One such block is transmitted over the radio
interface every 20 ms.
8.1.2 Radio Interface rate of 12 kbit/s
In this case one modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frame is received/sent from/to the network every 5ms (see
GSM 05.03 ). The RA1/RA1' function will add/subtract the 17 bit synchronization pattern and the E1,E2
and E3 bits to/from each CCITT V.110 80 bit frame as follows:
The modified CCITT V.110 60 bits frame received/sent from/to the radio interface at 12 Kbit/s,
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 S1
D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 X
D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 S3
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 S4
E4 E5 E6 E7 D25 D26 D27
D28 D29 D30 S6 D31 D32 D33
D34 D35 D36 X D37 D38 D39
D40 D41 D42 S8 D43 D44 D45
D46 D47 D48 S9
is converted into the following a CCITT V.110 80 bits frame at 16 Kbit/s:
1 D1D2D3D4D5D6S1
1 D7D8D9D10 D11 D12 X
1 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 S3
1 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 S4
1 E1E2E3E4E5E6E7
1 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 S6
1 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 X
1 D37 D38 D39 D40 D41 D42 S8
1 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 S9
In the case of the non transparent services, bits S1, X, S3, S4, E4, E5, E6, E7, S6, X (second
occurrence), S8, and S9 carry bits D'1, D'2, D'3, D'4, D'5, D'6, D'7, D'8, D'9, D'10, D'11, and D'12,
respectively.
For a modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frames received from the network, the received D, S and X bits or D
and D' bits are set to the same value as the transmitted bits. Bits E1, E2, E3 are set according to the user
data rate as shown in figure 4 for the transparent services, or the RLP multiframe and DTX indication as
per GSM 08.20 in the non transparent case.
For modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frames transmitted over the network, the received D, S, and X bits or D
and D' are set to the same value as the transmitted bits. Bits E1, E2, E3 are discarded.
8.1.4 Radio Interface rate of 6 kbit/s
In this case one modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frame is received/sent from/to the network every 10 ms (see
GSM 05.03). The RA1/RA1' function will add/subtract the 17 bit synchronization pattern and the E1,E2 and
E3 bits to/from each CCITT V.110 80 bit frame as follows:
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ETS 300 945 (GSM 04.21 version 5.5.1): October 1998
The modified CCITT V.110 60 bits frame received/sent from/to the radio interface at 6 Kbit/s,
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 S1
D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 X
D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 S3
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 S4
E4 E5 E6 E7 D25 D26 D27
D28 D29 D30 S6 D31 D32 D33
D34 D35 D36 X D37 D38 D39
D40 D41 D42 S8 D43 D44 D45
D46 D47 D48 S9
is converted into the following a CCITT V.110 80 bits frame at 8 Kbit/s:
1 D1D2D3D4D5D6S1
1 D7D8D9D10 D11 D12 X
1 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 S3
1 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 S4
1 E1E2E3E4E5E6E7
1 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 S6
1 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 X
1 D37 D38 D39 D40 D41 D42 S8
1 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 S9
In the case of the non transparent services, bits S1, X, S3, S4, E4, E5, E6, E7, S6, X (second
occurrence), S8, and S9 carry bits D'1, D'2, D'3, D'4, D'5, D'6, D'7, D'8, D'9, D'10, D'11, and D'12,
respectively.
For a modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frames received from the network, the received D, S and X bits or D
and D' bits are set to the same value as the transmitted bits. Bits E1, E2, E3 are set according to the user
data rate as shown in figure 4 for the transparent services, or the RLP multiframe and DTX indication as
per GSM 08.20 in the non transparent case.
For modified CCITT V.110 60 bit frames transmitted over the network, the received D, S, and X bits or D
and D' bits are set to the same value as the transmitted bits. Bits E1, E2, E3 are discarded.
It should be noted that this process is identical to that used for the 12 kbit/s case except that the frame
repetition rates are halved.
8.1.5 Radio Interface rate of 3,6 kbit/s (transparent services only)
In this case one modified CCITT V.110 36 bit frame is received/sent from/to the network every 10ms (see
GSM 05.03 [3]). The RA1/RA1' function will add/subtract the 17 bit synchronization pattern and the E1,E2
and E3 bits to/from each CCITT V.110 80 bit frame as follows:
The modified CCITT V.110 36 bits frame received/sent from/to the radio interface at 3.6
...
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