E53 - Asset Management

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Losses of property are indicators of the effectiveness of operations. Excessive losses can indicate poor internal management and controls, policy or procedural weaknesses, or lack of compliance, any one of which can have a negative impact on profitability, mission, performance, or reputation.  
5.2 Addressing and reporting losses provides indicators of needed potential action by decision makers.  
5.3 Though the term equipment is used consistently throughout this practice, this process may be used for the other classes of property, for example, raw material in inventory.  
5.4 This practice does not change any requirements that may be imposed through law, regulations, contract terms, and conditions.
Note 1: When this practice is submitted in response to a contract solicitation and evaluated as part of a contract award process, this practice may be deemed a representation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice focuses on addressing and reporting losses of tangible property.  
1.2 Loss occurrences are key aspects of risk management. Projecting the possibility or probability of losses, discovering, disclosing, reporting, managing, and minimizing losses to a reasonable extent is a critical economic factor in the success of the owning or holding entity. This practice also establishes acceptable levels of losses.  
1.3 Losses are often discovered as a result of an occurrence, a physical inventory, property custodian or entity self-assessment, or external audit. An actual loss occurrence can be at any time during the property life cycle.  
1.4 Assessing and determining financial liability for losses is not addressed in this practice; such assessments are generally subject to individual contracts or other arrangements.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers traditional property management definitions and some of the terms introduced in additional asset management standards that are used most often and considered most important. As new standards are developed, new terms will be added to this terminology in future revisions.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system.  
4.2 Understand the difference between performance standards and design standards—these are primarily performance statements versus design statements. What is being measured is achievement, not process.  
4.3 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the outcomes associated with an asset management system. As additional standards are added, comparisons on this basis to other asset management systems can be further enabled.  
4.4 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, should provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both assets and asset management systems.  
4.5 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on the terms and concepts in the outcomes and outcome components. In particular, this practice may suggest a standard for personal and management skills useful in efforts to achieve these outcomes.  
4.6 This practice is to evaluate how robust the asset management system is, and guide future corrections and improvements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associated with an asset management system. It is a measure of achievement rather than process and is performance oriented rather than design oriented.  
1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, or states of being produced as a result or consequence of an objective, plan, process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.  
1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, or recording of activity or effort and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner. For example, an output is driving 100 mph; an outcome is arriving safely.  
1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results of a program activity compared to its intended purpose. This practice assumes that inputs are correlated to known or declared outputs of the system or system component being assessed.  
1.5 Consistent with Practice E2452 (EMPM), these outcomes are grouped into process management outcomes and operational outcomes.  
1.5.1 Although they may be directly related, strategies and tactics should not be confused with outcomes. Strategies are long-term plans of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Tactics are maneuvers or actions calculated to achieve some end. For example, increasing exercise is a strategy to attain the goal or outcome of fitness. Running is a supporting tactic to achieve the goal or outcome of fitness. Other tactics or groups of tactics may achieve the same outcome. On the other hand, as the definition of outcome indicates, tactics are not required for attaining outcomes. For example, fitness may be an unplanned result of a job requiring physical exertion.  
1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level, with limited discussion of each outcome or components of each outcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current and potential additional standards. A cross reference relating current standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.  
1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5 are listed in the following:  
1.7.1 Process Management Outcomes:  
1.7.1.1 Outcome 1—Mission Support
1.7.1.2 Outcome 2—Accounting and Accountability
1.7.1.3 Outcome 3—Information Management
1.7.1.4 Outcome 4—Planning
1.7.1.5 Outcome 5—Relationships  
1.7.2 Operational Outcomes:  
1.7.2.1 Outcome 6—Asset Functionality for Intended Purpose
1.7.2.2 Outcome 7—Resource Optimization
1.7.2.3 Outcome 8—Asset Visibility
1.7.2.4 Outcome 9—Safety and Security
1.7.2.5 Outcome 10—Installation, Movement, and Storage  
1.8 In Section 5, a rating scale is provided to quantify in a uniform manner achievement of outcomes and outcome components.  
1.9 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279,...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The categorization and identification of tooling has a wide range of advantages to assist in maintaining an uninterrupted, productive, and cohesive business practice. These include, but are not limited to, identifying operation critical items, increasing tool utilization, and helping to allocate resources and manage production.  
4.2 Tooling has a wide range of applications. This practice is intended to clarify the differences between the different groups of tooling and provide identification symbolism for standard communication across industries.  
4.3 The identification of unique tooling reflected in this practice will provide inclusive and comparative insight into the availability regardless of ownership or acquisition methodology, tooling type, specifics of its internal assignment and use, or possible future requirements. This identification combination allows the shop floor to identify readily the family of tools required in the manufacturing process and recall readily the correct tool for usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the differentiation, identification, and categorization criteria for tooling, both unique and more general in nature. The physical markings should allow for one or more of the following to be ascertained: part number, serial number, ownership, revision, or symbology, or combination thereof.  
1.2 Definitions for the unique subcategories that make up the tooling family will be described. These subcategories help to differentiate tooling categories for use in identification, control, and record keeping.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all entities that hold tooling regardless of ownership or acquisition methodology. This practice further provides the detailed information to provide the flexibility of common nomenclature, identification, and tracking of unique tooling.  
1.4 Items not covered but defined by this practice include, but are not limited to: consumable property, special test equipment (STE), plant equipment, general or special machinery equipment, and expendable tools.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides the considerations for the management of warehouses and warehouse contents.  
5.2 The central objective of this guide is to ensure that warehousing activities appropriately contribute to the mission of the entity.  
5.3 Measuring and managing the effectiveness of an entities’ warehousing activities should result in sustained usefulness of warehoused assets, reduced administrative costs, improved accountability, and enhanced operational performance.  
5.4 This guide makes a differentiation between the physical warehouse facility (also called “Real Property”) and the contents of the warehouse (also called “Personal Property,” “moveable asset,” “product,” or similar term that differentiates the contents of the warehouse from the physical structure of the warehouse itself). Considerations of both these aspects of the warehousing function must be coordinated to lead to effective warehousing activities.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides strategic considerations for effectively managing warehouse facilities and the contents of warehouses (collectively “warehousing assets”).  
1.2 This guide does not override or increase requirements specific to governmental authorities. To the greatest extent practicable, the guidance in this standard should be considered by these entities where efficiencies may be gained.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Data elements shall be included in the asset record to provide efficient and effective management of assets.  
5.2 Use of this practice will result in greater efficiency in the management of assets including its monitoring, the performance of physical inventories, self-assessments, disposition, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents recommendations for data elements that may be included within an asset record.  
1.2 This practice names and provides definitions of data characteristics commonly associated with asset record data elements.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address any contractual requirements imposed upon the entity. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure that all contractual requirements are met.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of these principles is to provide a useful hierarchical arrangement of the breadth of asset types.  
4.2 This hierarchy is independent of the legal ownership of the assets under consideration.  
4.3 Cost or financial treatment of assets is not relevant to this hierarchy.  
4.3.1 Positive and negative value contributions of assets are relevant to mission success.  
4.4 Value contribution to the mission success of the organization of the assets is relevant.  
4.5 Asset hierarchies or models based on other asset attributes may be useful as well.  
4.6 Understanding the breadth of assets allows organizations to give full consideration of the contribution of assets to the mission success of the organization.  
4.6.1 As an example, when a trucking company considers its assets, the trucks, trailers, and related equipment are an obvious starting point. Real property used to stage, store, load, unload, maintain, and perform other mission-related tasks follows. Administrative space (real property) and equipment (personal property) supporting the organizational mission are included, regardless of ownership. Management control systems, networks, software, knowledge, and perceptions are non-physical assets contributing value in support of mission objectives. As with all assets discussed in this example, ownership of the assets is an important consideration, but a consideration that is not relevant to understanding all the assets that contribute to mission success. In that light, the public roads and bridges carrying the trucks to their destinations and back are clearly assets essential to mission success. Air and water are essential to operation of the trucking equipment, and to the staff supporting the mission, and therefore are assets of the organization.  
4.7 It is likely that many or most organizations have assets from every classification at every level of this hierarchy.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a useful hierarchical arrangement of the breadth of asset types.  
1.2 This taxonomy is based on the innate characteristics of the asset, not on the asset's use, cost, owner, or other factors.  
1.3 Biological life forms are excluded.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asset verification is conducted to assess the accuracy of asset records and verify information regarding the asset.  
5.2 Before considering a physical inventory method, take into account the current policies and procedures of your entity. Questions such as what items must be inventoried, how often inventories need to occur, and why are we conducting an inventory are important to support these policies.  
5.3 IBE decreases the time required to conduct an inventory, especially as operational and asset management systems achieve a greater level of integration.  
5.4 The procedures and plans for an IBE must be documented and approved in accordance with Practice E2132.  
5.5 IBE allows the physical inventory process to only focus on locating assets that were not touched or physically inventoried.  
5.6 IBE decreases the number of assets requiring an inventory reconciliation during a specific cycle. This can greatly increase the productivity of staff who are tasked with performing a physical inventory.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the method used to verify the existence of items on record using IBE. It does not provide a method for verification of completeness of records.  
1.2 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E2132, this practice clarifies the implementation of IBE as an effective and efficient inventory practice.  
1.3 This practice does not override or increase requirements specific to governmental authorities. To the greatest extent practicable, the guidance in this practice should be considered by these entities where efficiencies can be gained.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a standard control methodology to aid in fulfillment of shortages derived from production requirements or equipment failures.  
4.2 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the control and tracking of assets, and enables meaningful discussion between parties with interest in the asset.  
4.3 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process by which open production and failure related demand requirements are fulfilled using existing equipment components.
Note 1: Differing approval requirements are generally dictated by ownership issues. For example, approvals for cannibalization/reclamation of company-owned property assets may vary substantially from that required for customer-owned assets. In all cases, the specific approach to approvals and the levels of approval required are prescribed by the entity with title to/ownership of the asset. These requirements are internal to the owning entity. In general, company-owned assets are handled in accordance with established practice specific to each individual entity while customer-owned property is handled based upon established practices specific to each entity or as specified within a contractual document.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.  
1.3 This practice covers property assets categorized as equipment.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to an individual asset, groupings of assets, or to all, or a subset of an entity’s assets.  
1.5 This practice clarifies and enables effective and efficient support of assets in accordance with the provisions of Practice E2279.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide promotes the importance of effective and efficient use of resources to satisfy various needs of participants: those who furnish property–customers and owners, those who receive customer or entity property–suppliers, contractors, and subcontractors, and the audit community, while providing reasonable assurance of effective internal controls.  
5.2 The objective of this guide is to promote a life-cycle approach using the elements of good internal controls.  
5.3 For optimization, this guide may be used in conjunction with Practice E2279 and Practice E2452.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses infrastructure and practices for the life-cycle management of supplier, contractor or subcontractor-held customer-owned property in the possession of a supplier, contractor or subcontractor. This includes the infrastructure and processes and subprocesses in the efforts of acquisition, use, and disposition.  
1.2 This guide covers property that is owned by a customer or a buyer (referred to as customer-owned property) that is either directly furnished by a buyer, customer, or acquired by a supplier on behalf of a customer where title to the property ultimately vests with the customer while in the possession of a supplier, contractor or subcontractor.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide promotes the considerations that may be applied to the management of fleet assets as a business process of the entity.  
5.2 The central objective of this guide is to ensure that fleet assets are managed in a manner best suited to the entity taking into account the needs and mission of the entity and the respective capabilities of the assets.  
5.3 Measuring and managing the effectiveness of a fleet program will result in improved accountability and enhanced operational performance. Accountability will be evident through standard performance measures such as cost savings, increased asset utilization, extended asset life, and increased mission effectiveness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses considerations for effectively managing fleets of mobile assets.  
1.2 This guide primarily addresses fleets of non-tactical motor vehicles and aircraft but may also include other commodity groups such as waterborne vessels and specialized mobile assets.  
1.3 This guide does not override or increase requirements specific to governmental authorities. However, to the greatest extent practicable, the guidance in this guide should be considered by these entities where efficiencies may be gained.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is no consistent method for the physical placement of an identifying label on equipment in the possession of an entity.  
5.2 This practice is intended to expedite and improve the physical inventory and self-assessment processes and other occasions in which the instant identification of equipment is needed for purposes of control, management, or determining ownership, or a combination thereof.  
5.3 The further intent of this practice is to reduce the administrative costs associated with activities requiring equipment identification, that is, physical inventory, self-assessments, and audits and to supplement Practice E2279, Practice E2452, and MIL STD 130.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for supplemental identification labels assigned by an entity and affixed to equipment to permit control.  
1.2 Identifying labels include, but are not limited to, removable tags, bands, and plates.  
1.3 This practice is not intended for material or manufacturer’s warranties.  
1.4 This practice is not intended for markings of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.  
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.  
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernible items to MI 10 for real property.  
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.  
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.  
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice identifies cost-effective sales as a business process of the entity. The central objective is to ensure that assets are sold in a manner best suited to meet the goals of the entity.  
5.2 This practice provides options and considerations to take into account to effectively manage the entity’s assets when considering asset sales.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice encompasses how assets may be sold.  
1.2 Sales of assets may be done when assets used by the entity are no longer required, or to sell assets acquired for the purpose of sale or re-sale. The objectives of a sale will vary by entity; for instance, the goal may be to facilitate the replacement of assets, to obtain needed funds from sales proceeds, or simply to remove assets from the entity’s control and management.  
1.3 This practice does not include sales requirements or restrictions specific to any regulatory body or the various levels of government in which an entity operates. However, this practice provides the entity options for flexibility to best integrate those external requirements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this guide is to provide a foundation for the minimum effective internal assessment of a contractor’s government asset management system. A contractor may incorporate all or part of this guide in accordance with its established procedures and operating environment. Self-assessment should be used to identify deficiencies, related increases to risk, and to serve as a method for obtaining correction to those deficiencies, independent of, and often in advance of, a government audit, review or assessment. It should also be used to assist in determining the effective assignment of asset management resources; and to serve as a method for promoting continuous improvement in asset management practices. Self-assessments, in and of themselves may not be sufficiently independent to address external or government review, assessment, or audit requirements.  
4.2 To the extent possible, a Contractor Self-Assessment (CSA) program should provide a level of objectivity like that of an asset management system analysis performed by a government or other external auditor. Individuals who perform assessments should not be the same individuals who perform the functions being tested when enough resources are available. The contractor’s official written procedures should identify functional positions responsible for performing the self-assessment and address management controls used to maintain independence and prevent conflicts of interest whenever individuals who perform property functions also participate in CSA activities.  
4.3 The results of the CSA alone do not determine adequacy or inadequacy of the contractor’s government asset management system but should identify the level of risk presented by the contractor’s business practices. The results of the CSA should be made available to external auditors or reviewers for potential inclusion in their audits or reports in accordance with contractual requirements and the contractor’s procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by entities engaged in contracts with the Government of the United States of America.  
1.2 This guide applies to the current version of the FAR Government Property clause 52.245-1 dated January 2017. Entities with earlier or subsequently dated requirements/contracts should address any contractual difference when applying this guide.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a standard equipment internal control methodology to safeguard or protect assets and aid in requirements determination and communication with the end goal of the promulgation of safe, secure, cost effective, and risk appropriate control and tracking methodologies.  
4.2 The ECCs provide standard classes for equipment based on control and tracking requirements for equipment.  
4.3 The ECLs provide standard names and definitions for existing equipment control practices.  
4.4 The ECM relates the equipment control classes to the equipment control levels, providing a baseline for determination of safe, secure, risk appropriate, and cost-effective control and tracking of various classes of equipment.  
4.5 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the control and tracking of equipment and enables meaningful discussion between parties with interest in the equipment.  
4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.  
4.7 This practice provides the ability to change ECCs on certain assets based upon facts, circumstances, and experience. (See Practice E2378.)  
4.8 This practice promotes the achievement of best value in the requirements of asset management to the benefit of the owner and other stakeholders.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes equipment control classes (ECCs), equipment control levels (ECLs), and their relationships.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities.  
1.3 This practice covers property categorized as equipment. Equipment as defined in Terminology E2135 is non-expendable, tangible moveable property needed for the performance of a task or useful in effecting an obligation.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to an individual item of equipment, to groupings of equipment, or to all or a subset of an entity's equipment.  
1.5 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E2279, this practice enhances internal controls, and clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of equipment.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of these principles and desired outcomes is to provide requirements and guidance for an effective and efficient system for (1) the acquisition of property, (2) the utilization of available property, and (3) the disposal of property. (40 U.S. Code § 101)  
4.2 Asset management practices shall seek, when viewed in totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point at which benefits exceed the costs of operation.  
4.3 The requirements and guidance in this practice shall be used to establish property management plans that strategically address organizational objectives including: scope, management system, management structure, process flows, alignment, internal controls, enforcement, risks, accountability, and resources to collectively realize optimal value from assets.  
4.4 The intent of this practice is to promote the right sizing and scope of the asset management activity to appropriately manage organizational assets.  
4.5 To establish a learning and innovative culture with continuous self-assessments and process improvements.  
4.6 To establish policies, systems, and processes to timely prevent, detect, and correct operational weaknesses and deficiencies in internal controls that may result in waste, fraud abuse, mismanagement, and corruption.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the creation of a set of guiding principles that, when adopted, is endorsed by top management to be applied to the practice of property management. These principles will enunciate the objectives and intent of the property (also known as “asset”) management community, stress simplified procedures, promote less rather than more, judgment rather than “by-the-book” decisions, and encourage the adoption of “best practices.”  
1.2 The acceptance of these guiding principles provides the high potential of improved internal controls and governance. It promotes a problem-solving mentality and culture within the property management community, encourages the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, creates greater commonality between government and industry practices, and increases the ability of organizations to respond to changing needs and business conditions.  
1.3 This practice adopts the concept that the potential benefits of operating in a manner consistent with a set of standards and guidelines outweigh concerns about the loss of predictability, uniformity, and consistency.  
1.4 This practice provides property management standards and guidance that may be used for various types of property including tangible, intangible, personal, and real.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purpose—This practice provides a framework for an authority to assess, plan, and execute: (1) the construction of new systems of tangible and intangible infrastructure; and (2) operate, maintain, monitor, and repair existing systems of infrastructure assets so as to maximize their use value by providing desired services for the benefit of infrastructure asset service recipients of the authority’s unit of government or private sector organization.  
4.2 How to Use Information—The information generated by this practice is used to assess the quality and frequency of delivered infrastructure asset services, which then provides the basis for changing the amounts or proportions of funding for one, many, or all types of infrastructure assets in the subsequent cycle of assessment, planning, and execution. The user shall identify an acceptable score for each infrastructure asset system being assessed with the practice (using resources listed in Table 4) and is encouraged to set targets for higher scores for each subsequent cycle of assessment (so that continuous improvement may be achieved) that shall not exceed four years.  
4.3 Who Should Use Information—The authority should use the generated information from the use of this practice to: (1) life safety-prioritize capital expenditures (extraordinary outlays) and spending on operations, maintenance, monitoring, and repair (ordinary outlays) of each infrastructure asset system that is assessed; (2) ensure costs are based on a life cycle basis, and, (3) triage those expenditures when insufficient funds limit the number of prioritized infrastructure asset services that can be improved or upgraded. The infrastructure asset service recipient should use generated information from the use of this practice to: (1) advocate for improved services; (2) coordinate communication among other infrastructure asset service recipients to voice concerns about service quality, frequency, and equity; and (3) identify new sources of revenu...
SCOPE
1.1 This asset management practice establishes requirements of transparency and accountability for an assemblage of tangible and intangible infrastructure asset systems for a public or private organization.  
1.2 This practice promotes the life safety-prioritized and cost efficacious delivery of 15 types of infrastructure assets to infrastructure asset service recipients. These services include direct uses (for example, water supply or police protection) and indirect uses (for example, preventing adverse impacts on the environment while minimizing nature’s adverse impacts on infrastructure assets).  
1.3 This practice may be used as the basis for training guides for infrastructure asset system employees and operators.  
1.4 This practice provides an acceptability framework for 15 systems of infrastructure assets, including (1) potable water supply, (2) food systems, (3) sewage and storm water systems, (4) buildings, (5) healthcare, (6) security, (7) power, (8) communication, (9) transit and travel, (10) waste disposal, (11) education, (12) cultural heritage, (13) recreation and entertainment, (14) nature, and (15) financial systems.  
1.5 This practice is composed of the following sections: referenced documents; terminology; significance and use; planning and scoping; integrated infrastructure system management process; and infrastructure system reporting and documentation.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on s...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measuring and managing the effectiveness of a motorized equipment program will result in improved accountability and enhanced operational performance. Accountability will be evident through standard performance measures, such as cost savings, increased asset visibility and utilization, extended asset life, petroleum and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions, and increased mission effectiveness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide addresses considerations for effectively managing fleets of motorized mobile equipment assets.  
1.2 This guide primarily addresses nontactical motorized equipment but may also include other commodity groups such as aircraft and waterborne vessels.  
1.3 This guide does not override requirements specific to governmental authorities. However, to the greatest extent practicable, entities should consider the guidance in this standard where the opportunity to realize efficiencies is evident.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The asset management career field has many career disciplines (particularly asset management consistent with ISO 55000 definitions, concepts, and requirements) that support an entity’s activities. These career titles may include, but are not limited to, industrial asset management specialists, asset administrators, property asset management, operations, accounting, database management, contract management, motor vehicle managers, and so forth. Career professionals not only manage assets, but may also perform audits or self-assessments, develop policies and procedures for the management of assets, supervise asset management operations within and across their entities, or act as a primary interface to customers for asset management related matters.  
4.2 ISO 55001 and ISO 55002 recommend entities determine the competency of personnel performing asset management functions to ensure that personnel are competent to perform assigned asset management functions based on education, training, or experience, or combinations thereof. ISO 55002 recommends that human resource skills improvement and competencies should be included in the entity’s asset management training plans. (See Table 1.)  
4.3 Entity adoption of an AMCD program enables asset management professionals to become fully competent in their chosen career field and allows for career progression which, in turn, will assist the entity in retaining competent asset management professionals.  
4.4 A properly designed and implemented AMCD program leads to assurance that asset management professional and support staff are sufficiently competent to meet industry technical standards, customer expectations, and that competence is no less than similar activities that customers require, and are needed to maximize the value of assets and the elimination of waste, fraud, and abuse.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides the principles for an Asset Management Career Development program including education and training for professional employees engaged in the practice of asset management.  
1.2 As a guide, this is the consensus of the asset management profession for the requirements for an Asset Management Career Development (AMCD) program.  
1.3 The use of this guide by the profession can improve professional competence, enhance value from assets, reinforce or establish adequate internal controls, encourage a broader and higher level of competency and thinking by its practitioners, reinforce the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, create greater commonality between all entities that perform asset management, and increase the ability of entities to respond to changing needs and business conditions.  
1.4 The AMCD program establishes the recommended education, training, and experience requisites necessary for asset management activities to adequately support the missions and objectives of an entity’s asset management operations, and therefore supports the entities’ missions.  
1.5 The AMCD program is predicated on multiple levels of professional competency and achievement based on a combination of academic education and training and professional experience.  
1.6 It is the responsibility of each entity that adopts this guide to confirm the appropriateness of any specific education and training offerings.  
1.7 This guide encourages a broad and continuous self-study practice for those within the profession as applicable knowledge and lessons learned are disseminated continuously from multiple sources.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For agencies and institutions, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in improved accountability, in the form of cost savings, increased asset utilization, extended asset life, and increased mission effectiveness.  
5.2 For companies, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in cost savings, increased asset utilization, and, therefore, improved profit margins.  
5.3 Including LCC in the three stages is consistent with Practice E2279 under the reporting principle.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment of a process consensus model for determining the life-cycle cost (LCC) of property assets owned or used by an entity.  
1.1.1 For businesses, these property assets are required to seek to achieve financial returns from producing and selling goods or services, or both.  
1.1.2 For institutions and agencies, these property assets are required to accomplish their primary mission.  
1.2 Real and personal property assets may include capital (fixed) assets and movable assets including customer-supplied assets, rental/leased assets, contract/project direct-purchased assets, or expense items.  
1.3 Asset service lives can be divided into three distinct stages, each with several separate yet interrelated substages: acquisition, utilization, and disposition. These primary stages are not intended to be all-encompassing but are offered as the basis for establishing LCC.  
1.4 This practice is expected to be primarily used for considering the life-cycle cost of personal property, however, the concept can and should be used for various types of assets including personal, real, tangible, and intangible.  
1.5 This practice does not supersede applicable generally accepted accounting principles but is intended to be consistent with the accounting principles particularly in the area of internal controls (see the GAO Green Book) and processes and requirements for estimating. Some life-cycle cost estimating may be required for accounting purposes. (See AS 2501.)  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asset management activities should be worthwhile; the perceived benefits should exceed the perceived cost of those benefits. As time progresses, property accountability processes may need to be adjusted with proper recognition to maintain the required framework of internal controls and to avoid abuse. Systematic depreciation of property generally serves to provide a fair presentation of an entity’s property and financial records for decision makers. When conditions change, proper recognition should also occur such as impairments or abandonments. The accountability approach of some items may increase, and accountability approach of other items decrease. Keeping fully depreciated items on the asset records and property management records when they no longer are used as originally intended may be misleading to decision makers and may result in excessive operating costs. Retiring items to administrative control, when appropriate, improves the efficiency and lowers administrative cost without sacrificing other worthwhile internal controls.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidance as to the proper treatment for accounting and accountability purposes when items are still retained but need to be recognized as impaired or retired to administrative control. This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2279, which provides various principles to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the property management functions. These include the concepts of materiality, best value, reasonable detail, and reasonable assurance and proper reporting. During the life cycle of property management, appropriate action must be taken at the appropriate time to be in conformance with these principles. The objective, on behalf of the owner, is to maintain property accounting records that adequately represent the appropriate book value of the property and for accountability purposes apply the appropriate management and oversight for the proper protection and safeguarding of assets.  
1.2 This practice covers the recognition of the status of property assets that is critical to a fair representation of the entity’s property and financial records. For instances, when items for accounting or property management purposes may no longer serve the purpose that was originally intended, it may be more appropriate to recognize impairments or retire these items for record keeping purposes.  
1.3 Generally, entities for internal controls purposes record, account, and inventory property that meet certain criteria, as defined by the organization, based upon acquisition cost thresholds, expendability, or useful life policies. Accordingly, entities should establish recurring depreciation cycles so that the property eligible for depreciation is fairly and consistently recorded in the entity’s records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  
1.4 The percentage or extent of recognized depreciation is dependent on such factors as the nature of owned property, its useful life, and the frequency of property used in support of business-type activities of the entity.  
1.5 This practice covers the accepted practice of proper record keeping actions when items are fully depreciated for accounting purposes and should be retired from the accounting as well as property management purposes when the asset no longer serves the purpose that was intended but remains on the entity’s premises or continues to be under some form of control.  
1.6 Entities have a responsibility under their internal controls to operate effectively, efficiently, and in a reasonable and responsible manner to provide stakeholders best value as provided in public law, regulations, and generally accepted accounting practices. These responsibilities include responding to internally and externally imposed accounting and accountability changes.  
1.7 This standard acknowledges during the life cycle of assets, decisions have to be mad...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Internal—The EMPM provides assessment results that are easy to understand and communicate. Areas requiring additional resources become apparent, and thus, can be more readily addressed. Improvement can be tracked in meaningful ways. Assessment detail allows attention to be drawn to processes of exceptional maturity and areas in which changes or additional resources, or both, are required to achieve process improvements.  
5.2 External—Meaningful comparisons to external requirements are enabled. Comparisons of equipment management between entities in different operational or business environments become meaningful and provide insight previously unavailable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a process for the assessment and reporting of an entity’s overall equipment management process maturity (EMPM).  
1.2 The highest value is placed on continuous improvement as reflected in measured increases in maturity over time.  
1.3 The EMPM model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities, however, the EMPM may not be the only acceptable assessment model available.  
1.4 It includes all aspects of equipment management.  
1.5 In addition to applicability to equipment and equipment management as defined in this practice, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.6 There is great variation across organizations regarding the internal departments that accomplish the various aspects of equipment management. Thus, all criteria are not applicable to all entities.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is the intent of these principles in this practice to provide guidance for an effective and efficient system for receiving assets.  
4.2 These principles are applicable to any organizational structure or any position having the responsibility for receiving assets on behalf of their entity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process for verifying, recording, and reporting receipt of assets (that is, equipment, supplies, and material).  
1.2 Entities use a variety of means to document the receipt of assets. This practice details the fundamental concepts of the receiving process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The API is a metric used to communicate the relative importance of assets in terms of mission criticality, security, or other measures important to the entity. It establishes a basis for evaluating prioritization of asset resources.  
5.2 API offers a method for ranking assets based on judgment/importance factors defined by the entity, creating information to prioritize investments, security strategies, and disposition plans.  
5.3 API provides a quantitative basis for determining and documenting operational relationships between an asset portfolio and entity capital investment strategies, maintenance approaches, security design and analyses, continuity of business/risk analyses, and disposition decisions.  
5.4 The API enables entities to identify critical assets and allocate resources appropriately.  
5.5 The API model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for entities holding assets with a material impact on the entity’s mission.
SCOPE
1.1 The asset priority index (API) establishes a quantitative process for prioritizing asset resources in acquisition, utilization, and disposition.  
1.2 In addition to the applicability of moveable and durable assets as defined in this practice, this methodology is similarly used in the analysis of investments in buildings and building systems (see Practice E1765).  
1.3 This practice offers instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is neither intended to represent nor replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Continuing emphasis by interested stakeholders demands that an entity dispose of surplus personal property assets in the most economical and efficient manner possible.  
5.2 The selection of the disposal method may depend on regulatory, environmental, or safety concerns.  
5.3 A personal property assets disposal program should be conducted in a manner consistent with the entity’s requirements, goals, and objectives.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes various personal property asset disposal methods including donation, sales, recycling, destruction, and abandonment.  
1.2 This guide recognizes that while some entities distinguish between ‘excess’ and ‘surplus’ personal property assets, this guide will remain consistent with Terminology E2135 using those words as they are defined therein.  
1.3 Prior to disposing of any personal property assets, consideration should be given to reutilization/reuse within the owning entity.  
1.4 Disposal is the final step in the final phase of the life cycle management of personal property assets.  
1.5 As entities may incur unnecessary or additional costs associated with recordkeeping, taxes, storage, maintenance, etc,. of personal property assets until final disposal actions are complete, selecting the most efficient and economical method of disposal is critical to a successful disposal program.  
1.6 This guide does not include specific requirements for the classification or the disposal of scrap items or materials.  
1.7 This guide does not specifically address disposal requirements of governmental laws and regulations. However, this guide enables an entity to align or integrate applicable governmental laws and regulations with its own requirements.  
1.7.1 When disposing of assets owned by another entity, entities must adhere to contractual requirements of the owning entity as well as applicable statutory and regulatory guidelines, policies, and requirements specific to the owning entity.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide identifies common processes to safely decommission and dispose of medical equipment. The objective is to identify common challenges unique to medical equipment to help ensure that the identification, authorization for disposition, and proper sanitization of the equipment is completed prior to disposal teams getting involved in the process.  
5.2 This guide provides information to consider when choosing disposal options in order to effectively manage the entity’s assets.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard guide addresses decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment.  
1.2 Decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment is done when equipment is no longer needed due to obsolescence, is inoperable, or has met a scheduled replacement milestone. Decommissioning is the first physical process in the disposition process and includes proper identification, authorization for disposition, and sanitization of the equipment, as well as removal of Patient Health Information (PHI) or software, or both. Disposal method is dependent upon many factors that will be described in this standard guide.  
1.3 This guide does not include detailed disposal method procedures or sales requirements or restrictions specific to any regulatory body or the various levels of government in which an entity may operate. This guide also provides practices that are common to many operations and provides flexibility to best integrate external requirements.  
1.4 While this standard describes common safety and environmental considerations associated with the decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment, it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the entity using this standard to establish and apply appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is the intent of these principles to provide guidance for an efficient system to acknowledge custody of tangible assets through certification of receipt.  
4.2 These principles allow for enhanced control of tangible asset movement within any organizational structure, including suppliers and alternate locations.  
4.3 Use of this practice will provide an auditable document for proof of custody change.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of receipt notification as a result of tangible asset movement. This practice provides further guidance in conjunction with Practice E2605.  
1.2 The application of this practice should promote accurate visibility of tangible asset location and timely record updates.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a notational and conversational approach to asset physical location information to enable precision in requirements and results related to asset physical location tracking.  
4.2 It is intended that this practice fosters and enables additional practices related to or based on asset physical location information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practices and terminology related to information conveying the physical location of assets.  
1.2 This practice describes ten increasingly specific levels of asset physical location information, assigning a standard name and level number to each.  
1.3 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.  
1.4 In addition to applicability to assets, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Provide for the physical protection and control of moveable property in storage/warehouse locations, and ensure best value while avoiding undue risk.  
4.2 This practice establishes a standard approach to storage and warehousing of moveable property.  
4.3 It is the intent of this practice to provide guidance for an effective and efficient system in the storage of moveable property. Entities adopting this practice shall establish entity specific policies or procedures, or both, implementing this practice.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to be a guide for the storage of material.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the physical protection and control of moveable property in storage locations.  
1.2 Generally, organizations should establish and maintain control of moveable property through means of storage in a manner that will strike a balance between cost of storage and the degree of protection necessary to mitigate the risk of loss, damage, or destruction.  
1.3 This practice covers moveable property as defined in Terminology E2135.  
1.4 This practice is applicable and appropriate for all moveable property-holding entities as defined in Practice E2499.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice establishes a standard calculation representing the operational fluidity of assets used by an entity.  
3.2 It is intended that this practice foster and enable additional practices related to or based on AMV information.  
3.3 This practice enables effective and consistent communication and trend tracking over time regarding AMV.  
3.4 Calculating, recording, tracking, and comparing the computed AMV will provide comparative insight into the operational complexity of the entity. Determination of the component parts of the AMV calculation will provide information on the number of acquisition, disposition, and movement transactions and, viewed separately, will serve as a useful insight.  
3.5 Clarifying Comparative Example:  
3.5.1 Entity A has few assets that are of a high dollar value but have been in place for many years and seldom move. These items are tracked to the site physical location level (PLL). Entity A will have an AMV near 0.0. This will be an accurate reflection of the record keeping and transactional risk associated with the management of assets within the entity.  
3.5.2 Entity B has over 5000 pieces of equipment that it tracks to the room PLL. As most of these items are information technology related, they typically have a useful life of a little over three years, after which they are donated to local schools. These items are moved from person to person and room to room very frequently for operational purposes. Entity B will have a high AMV, perhaps 3.0 or above. This will be an accurate reflection of the record keeping and transactional risk associated with the management of assets within the entity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice calculates asset movement velocity (AMV) based on the movement of assets.  
1.2 There is no existing, recognized practice for calculating AMV.  
1.3 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.  
1.4 This practice does not cover material inventory. Inventory velocity (or inventory turns) is extensively described and discussed in supply chain literature and is based on throughput rather than movement transactions.  
1.5 AMV can be calculated for the entirety of the asset inventory of the entity or any defined subset, including individual assets.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 LRP should be administratively controlled and managed using less resource-intensive methods than higher risk property.  
4.2 The type and scope of control and management should be commensurate with the level of risk. The entity shall determine the level of risk considering the following criteria:  
4.2.1 Scarcity,  
4.2.2 Technological obsolescence,  
4.2.3 Lead time,  
4.2.4 Standardization,  
4.2.5 Criticality,  
4.2.6 Sensitivity,  
4.2.7 Threshold/monetary values,  
4.2.8 Environmentally regulated,  
4.2.9 National security/threat,  
4.2.10 Schedule constraints,  
4.2.11 Vulnerability,  
4.2.12 Societal or personal safety,  
4.2.13 Documented business agreements (for example, contract, grant, memorandum of agreement), and  
4.2.14 Initial accounting treatment.
Note 1: The listing in 4.2.1 – 4.2.14 is not all inclusive and may be supplemented by the entity and country. The management threshold/monetary value for item 4.2.7 in the United States and internationally may fluctuate up to $5000.00 or higher depending on agency and industry type.  
4.3 The information received from conducting standard asset Life Cycle Processes (LCP) within each Life Cycle Stage (LCS) for LRP may not provide sufficient value to the entity that is equal to or greater than the cost associated with performing the processes.  
4.4 Entities should establish policies and procedures, based on certain criteria in determining whether all or selected asset LCP should be conducted for LRP.  
4.5 The success of any entity is dependent in part on its operational effectiveness. To be effective entities should shift their focus from “risk avoidance” to one of “risk management.” The required processes and associated cost to eliminate all risk is prohibitive and contrary to producing timely, high-quality, and competitive products and services.  
4.6 While a variety of different strategies can mitigate or eliminate risk, the process for identifying risk includes:  
4.6.1 Vulnera...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the assessment of risk and management of low risk property (LRP).  
1.2 This practice is directed at tangible LRP.  
1.3 This practice does not promote mismanagement or dereliction of duty to protect property, nor protecting property unreasonably – to the extent that usefulness is impaired. This practice recognizes the constraints of materiality and costs versus benefits in the control and management of property.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Uniform asset management data is intended to provide a means of enabling accurate summary level information and reports to improve operational and strategic management capabilities at all phases of the asset lifecycle.  
4.2 Entities should manage the asset management records system in accordance with this practice to maintain data consistency, integrity, and usability and thus achieve uniform data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to be used for records of all types of assets.  
1.2 This practice provides guidance on establishing and maintaining uniform asset data within an asset management records system.  
1.3 See ASTM E2604, Standard Practice for Data Characteristics of Equipment Asset Record, for mandatory and optional data characteristics required in the creation of an asset record.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inventory verification is conducted to accomplish one or more of the following:  
4.1.1 Assess the accuracy of asset records,  
4.1.2 Validate or update asset records, or both,  
4.1.3 Assess asset loss experience,  
4.1.4 Identify process inconsistencies, and  
4.1.5 Provide the status of the verified assets for reporting purposes.  
4.2 A properly conducted inventory verification provides data that may be used to report, at a minimum, that quantity on record equal quantities on hand.  
4.2.1 Identifying shortages is critical for assessing the entity’s asset management system.  
4.3 During the inventory verification, record deficiencies, such as incorrect locations or other descriptive information that may be identified. These records should be corrected as part of the reconciliation phase.  
4.4 Assets may be located during the inventory verification process for which a record does not exist. Records should be created upon identification of these assets to ensure asset accountability.  
4.5 Inventory verification serves as a deterrent to loss, theft, damage, and misuse so those responsible for assets perceive that they will be held accountable for such assets, and will be required to produce proof of existence of those assets on a periodic basis.  
4.6 An inventory verification may include identification or verification of additional information, such as use, condition, status, serial number confirmation, model confirmation, manufacturer confirmation, assigned user, year of manufacture, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses inventory verification which includes either physically or electronically confirming the existence, location, and quantity of assets.  
1.2 Inventory verification is a key element in the asset management process.  
1.3 The appropriate level to track assets is best expressed in Practices E2499 and E2608. Different types of assets may be managed or tracked at different levels of control, as noted in Practice E2608. The location specificity required for an inventory verification should match the location specificity required by the entity’s asset management procedures or other controlling command media.  
1.4 Inventory verification requires proper planning and execution. Depending on the type and scope, the inventory verification can involve significant dedication of resources. Entities should ensure that the value earned from an inventory verification is equal to or greater than the costs of the dedication of resources.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Movement is the act or process of physically relocating tangible property from one location, internal area, or person to another within an entity’s site, generally regarded as an onsite location change.  
5.1.1 Movement applies to tangible property relocated within an entity's facility, for example, building and room changes within one site.  
5.1.2 Movement is recorded by means of internal entity movement documents such as move orders or hand receipts. All movement must be authorized and documented.  
5.1.3 Movement typically does not include any change to accountability or ownership but may include a change in responsibility and stewardship.  
5.1.4 Movement documents are used to update and support records established and maintained for management and audit purposes.  
5.2 Shipment is the physical relocation of tangible property from one facility, geographical location, customer, or entity, or any combination thereof, to another and may or may not include a transfer of accountability. Typically a shipment would include a change in responsibility or stewardship. For information on transfers, see 5.3.  
5.2.1 A shipment of property from one facility or site to another, to a supplier, to a customer, or to a consignee requires preparation of a shipping document, for example, an entity’s or carrier’s shipping document, customer, client or government forms, etc.  
5.2.2 Shipping documents used to update property records are retained as auditable documents.  
5.2.3 For the purpose of this practice, shipment is relocation of an item offsite and movement is a location change onsite. However shipment may be considered the same as movement in regard to the updating of an entity’s property records in that both actions cause a change to location information.  
5.2.4 Shipments require compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations, including, where applicable, export laws and regulations as promulgated by Government entities.  
5.3 Transfers of tang...
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1.1 This practice defines and clarifies the differences between movements, shipments, and transfers of tangible property to support the goals and mission of the entity.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for tangible property holding entities.  
1.3 This practice contains information on movements, shipments, and transfers as defined herein and includes other terms from Terminology E2135.  
1.4 This practice enables effective and consistent communication across entities through standard use of the terminology.  
1.5 This practice does not include actual instructions or directions on how to complete or conduct movements, shipments, or transfers.  
1.6 For the purpose of clarification and communication, shipment and movement are considered two different activities in this practice.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purpose—This practice provides a framework for an authority to assess, plan, and execute: (1) the construction of new systems of tangible and intangible infrastructure; and (2) operate, maintain, monitor, and repair existing systems of infrastructure assets so as to maximize their use value by providing desired services for the benefit of infrastructure asset service recipients of the authority’s unit of government or private sector organization.  
4.2 How to Use Information—The information generated by this practice is used to assess the quality and frequency of delivered infrastructure asset services, which then provides the basis for changing the amounts or proportions of funding for one, many, or all types of infrastructure assets in the subsequent cycle of assessment, planning, and execution. The user shall identify an acceptable score for each infrastructure asset system being assessed with the practice (using resources listed in Table 4) and is encouraged to set targets for higher scores for each subsequent cycle of assessment (so that continuous improvement may be achieved) that shall not exceed four years.  
4.3 Who Should Use Information—The authority should use the generated information from the use of this practice to: (1) life safety-prioritize capital expenditures (extraordinary outlays) and spending on operations, maintenance, monitoring, and repair (ordinary outlays) of each infrastructure asset system that is assessed; (2) ensure costs are based on a life cycle basis, and, (3) triage those expenditures when insufficient funds limit the number of prioritized infrastructure asset services that can be improved or upgraded. The infrastructure asset service recipient should use generated information from the use of this practice to: (1) advocate for improved services; (2) coordinate communication among other infrastructure asset service recipients to voice concerns about service quality, frequency, and equity; and (3) identify new sources of revenu...
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1.1 This asset management practice establishes requirements of transparency and accountability for an assemblage of tangible and intangible infrastructure asset systems for a public or private organization.  
1.2 This practice promotes the life safety-prioritized and cost efficacious delivery of 15 types of infrastructure assets to infrastructure asset service recipients. These services include direct uses (for example, water supply or police protection) and indirect uses (for example, preventing adverse impacts on the environment while minimizing nature’s adverse impacts on infrastructure assets).  
1.3 This practice may be used as the basis for training guides for infrastructure asset system employees and operators.  
1.4 This practice provides an acceptability framework for 15 systems of infrastructure assets, including (1) potable water supply, (2) food systems, (3) sewage and storm water systems, (4) buildings, (5) healthcare, (6) security, (7) power, (8) communication, (9) transit and travel, (10) waste disposal, (11) education, (12) cultural heritage, (13) recreation and entertainment, (14) nature, and (15) financial systems.  
1.5 This practice is composed of the following sections: referenced documents; terminology; significance and use; planning and scoping; integrated infrastructure system management process; and infrastructure system reporting and documentation.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on s...

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1.1 This terminology covers traditional property management definitions and some of the terms introduced in additional asset management standards that are used most often and considered most important. As new standards are developed, new terms will be added to this terminology in future revisions.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology covers traditional property management definitions and some of the terms introduced in additional asset management standards that are used most often and considered most important. As new standards are developed, new terms will be added to this terminology in future revisions.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The categorization and identification of tooling has a wide range of advantages to assist in maintaining an uninterrupted, productive, and cohesive business practice. These include, but are not limited to, identifying operation critical items, increasing tool utilization, and helping to allocate resources and manage production.  
4.2 Tooling has a wide range of applications. This practice is intended to clarify the differences between the different groups of tooling and provide identification symbolism for standard communication across industries.  
4.3 The identification of unique tooling reflected in this practice will provide inclusive and comparative insight into the availability regardless of ownership or acquisition methodology, tooling type, specifics of its internal assignment and use, or possible future requirements. This identification combination allows the shop floor to identify readily the family of tools required in the manufacturing process and recall readily the correct tool for usage.
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1.1 This practice describes the differentiation, identification, and categorization criteria for tooling, both unique and more general in nature. The physical markings should allow for one or more of the following to be ascertained: part number, serial number, ownership, revision, or symbology, or combination thereof.  
1.2 Definitions for the unique subcategories that make up the tooling family will be described. These subcategories help to differentiate tooling categories for use in identification, control, and record keeping.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all entities that hold tooling regardless of ownership or acquisition methodology. This practice further provides the detailed information to provide the flexibility of common nomenclature, identification, and tracking of unique tooling.  
1.4 Items not covered but defined by this practice include, but are not limited to: consumable property, special test equipment (STE), plant equipment, general or special machinery equipment, and expendable tools.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Losses of property are indicators of the effectiveness of operations. Excessive losses can indicate poor internal management and controls, policy or procedural weaknesses, or lack of compliance, any one of which can have a negative impact on profitability, mission, performance, or reputation.  
5.2 Addressing and reporting losses provides indicators of needed potential action by decision makers.  
5.3 Though the term equipment is used consistently throughout this practice, this process may be used for the other classes of property, for example, raw material in inventory.  
5.4 This practice does not change any requirements that may be imposed through law, regulations, contract terms, and conditions.
Note 1: When this practice is submitted in response to a contract solicitation and evaluated as part of a contract award process, this practice may be deemed a representation.
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1.1 This practice focuses on addressing and reporting losses of tangible property.  
1.2 Loss occurrences are key aspects of risk management. Projecting the possibility or probability of losses, discovering, disclosing, reporting, managing, and minimizing losses to a reasonable extent is a critical economic factor in the success of the owning or holding entity. This practice also establishes acceptable levels of losses.  
1.3 Losses are often discovered as a result of an occurrence, a physical inventory, property custodian or entity self-assessment, or external audit. An actual loss occurrence can be at any time during the property life cycle.  
1.4 Assessing and determining financial liability for losses is not addressed in this practice; such assessments are generally subject to individual contracts or other arrangements.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides the considerations for the management of warehouses and warehouse contents.  
5.2 The central objective of this guide is to ensure that warehousing activities appropriately contribute to the mission of the entity.  
5.3 Measuring and managing the effectiveness of an entities’ warehousing activities should result in sustained usefulness of warehoused assets, reduced administrative costs, improved accountability, and enhanced operational performance.  
5.4 This guide makes a differentiation between the physical warehouse facility (also called “Real Property”) and the contents of the warehouse (also called “Personal Property,” “moveable asset,” “product,” or similar term that differentiates the contents of the warehouse from the physical structure of the warehouse itself). Considerations of both these aspects of the warehousing function must be coordinated to lead to effective warehousing activities.
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1.1 This guide provides strategic considerations for effectively managing warehouse facilities and the contents of warehouses (collectively “warehousing assets”).  
1.2 This guide does not override or increase requirements specific to governmental authorities. To the greatest extent practicable, the guidance in this standard should be considered by these entities where efficiencies may be gained.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide promotes the importance of effective and efficient use of resources to satisfy various needs of participants: those who furnish property–customers and owners, those who receive customer or entity property–suppliers, contractors, and subcontractors, and the audit community, while providing reasonable assurance of effective internal controls.  
5.2 The objective of this guide is to promote a life-cycle approach using the elements of good internal controls.  
5.3 For optimization, this guide may be used in conjunction with Practice E2279 and Practice E2452.
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1.1 This guide addresses infrastructure and practices for the life-cycle management of supplier, contractor or subcontractor-held customer-owned property in the possession of a supplier, contractor or subcontractor. This includes the infrastructure and processes and subprocesses in the efforts of acquisition, use, and disposition.  
1.2 This guide covers property that is owned by a customer or a buyer (referred to as customer-owned property) that is either directly furnished by a buyer, customer, or acquired by a supplier on behalf of a customer where title to the property ultimately vests with the customer while in the possession of a supplier, contractor or subcontractor.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Essential data elements shall be included in the asset record to provide efficient and effective management of property.  
5.2 Optional data elements are part of the record depending on the entity’s need or owner's requirements, or both. Optional data elements are not limited to those cited in this practice.  
5.3 Use of this practice will result in greater efficiency in the management of assets including its monitoring, performance of physical inventories, self-assessments, disposition, etc.
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1.1 This practice presents both essential and optional data elements contained within an asset record.  
1.2 This practice is not intended to be used for the creation of material asset records.  
1.3 Essential data elements are requisite and shall be included in an asset record to ensure efficient, effective management and control of assets and to provide information regarding the status to management, users, or customers.  
1.4 Optional data elements are applicable to asset records depending upon the needs of the entity. Not all optional data elements are required or applicable to all entities.  
1.5 The division of data elements into essential and optional data elements allows this practice to be applied across a wide spectrum of applications.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address any contractual requirements imposed upon the entity. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure that all contractual requirements are met.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of these principles is to provide guidance for an effective and efficient system for (1) the acquisition of personal property, (2) the utilization of available personal property, and (3) the disposal of personal property (Public Law 107-217).  
4.2 Historically, property management practices have often reflected organizational or management processes that did not reflect “best practices.”  
4.3 One of the greatest challenges facing property managers is how to ensure that overly detailed and costly practices used or proposed for the oversight of property assets are not adopted as representing “best practices” or established as an operating policy.  
4.4 Property management practices shall seek, when viewed in totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point at which benefits exceed the costs of operation.  
4.5 Often the key property management functions are based on compliance with quantitative measures and, therefore, compliance with “process” has become more important than the goals that property management systems should seek to achieve.
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1.1 This practice covers the creation of a set of guiding principles to be applied to the practice of property management. These principles will enunciate the objectives and intent of the property (also known as “asset”) management community, stress simplified procedures, promote less rather than more, judgment rather than “by-the-book” decisions, and encourage the adoption of “best practices.”  
1.2 The acceptance of these guiding principles has the potential to foster a problem-solving mentality within the property management community, encourage the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, create greater commonality between government and industry practices, and increase the ability of organizations to respond to changing needs and business conditions.  
1.3 The potential economic and practical benefits of operating in a manner consistent with a set of guidelines outweigh concerns about the loss of predictability, uniformity, and consistency.  
1.4 The intent of this practice is to provide property management guidance for tangible personal property; however, many of the principles appropriately apply to other types of property.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is no consistent method for the physical placement of an identifying label on equipment in the possession of an entity.  
5.2 This practice is intended to expedite and improve the physical inventory and self-assessment processes and other occasions in which the instant identification of equipment is needed for purposes of control, management, or determining ownership, or a combination thereof.  
5.3 The further intent of this practice is to reduce the administrative costs associated with activities requiring equipment identification, that is, physical inventory, self-assessments, and audits and to supplement Practice E2279, Practice E2452, and MIL STD 130.
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1.1 This practice is for supplemental identification labels assigned by an entity and affixed to equipment to permit control.  
1.2 Identifying labels include, but are not limited to, removable tags, bands, and plates.  
1.3 This practice is not intended for material or manufacturer’s warranties.  
1.4 This practice is not intended for original equipment manufacturer’s (OEM’s) markings.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a standard equipment control methodology to aid in requirements determination and communication with the end goal of the promulgation of safe, secure, cost effective, and risk appropriate control and tracking methodologies.  
4.2 The ECCs provide standard classes for equipment based on control and tracking requirements for the equipment.  
4.3 The ECLs provide standard names and definitions for existing equipment control practices.  
4.4 The ECM relates the equipment control classes to the equipment control levels, providing a baseline for determination of safe, secure, risk appropriate, and cost effective control and tracking of various classes of equipment.  
4.5 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the control and tracking of equipment and enables meaningful discussion between parties with interest in the equipment.  
4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.
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1.1 This practice describes equipment control classes (ECCs), equipment control levels (ECLs), and their relationships.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities.  
1.3 This practice covers property categorized as equipment. Equipment as defined in Terminology E2135 is non-expendable, tangible moveable property needed for the performance of a task or useful in effecting an obligation.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to an individual item of equipment, to groupings of equipment, or to all or a subset of an entity's equipment.  
1.5 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E2279, this practice clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of equipment.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide promotes the considerations that may be applied to the management of fleet assets as a business process of the entity.  
5.2 The central objective of this guide is to ensure that fleet assets are managed in a manner best suited to the entity taking into account the needs and mission of the entity and the respective capabilities of the assets.  
5.3 Measuring and managing the effectiveness of a fleet program will result in improved accountability and enhanced operational performance. Accountability will be evident through standard performance measures such as cost savings, increased asset utilization, extended asset life, and increased mission effectiveness.
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1.1 This guide addresses considerations for effectively managing fleets of mobile assets.  
1.2 This guide primarily addresses fleets of non-tactical motor vehicles and aircraft but may also include other commodity groups such as waterborne vessels and specialized mobile assets.  
1.3 This guide does not override or increase requirements specific to governmental authorities. However, to the greatest extent practicable, the guidance in this guide should be considered by these entities where efficiencies may be gained.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.  
4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.  
1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernable items to MI 10 for real property.  
1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.  
1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.  
1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.  
1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes expected outcomes associated with a property management system.  
4.2 Care should be taken not to confuse tactics with the outcomes described in this practice. Tactics are a means to an end. Outcomes are an end.  
4.3 What is being measured is achievement, not process.  
4.4 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the outcomes associated with a property management system. As additional standards are added, comparisons on this basis to other property management systems can be further enabled.  
4.5 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, may provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both property and property management systems.  
4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on the terms and concepts in the outcomes and outcome components.  
4.7 In particular, this practice may suggest a standard for personal and management skills useful in efforts to achieve these outcomes.
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1.1 This practice describes expected outcomes associated with a property management system. It is a measure of achievement rather than process, and is descriptive rather than prescriptive.  
1.2 Outcomes are defined as information, events, objects, or states of being produced as a result or consequence of a plan, process, accident, effort, or other similar action or occurrence.  
1.3 An output measure is the tabulation, calculation, or recording of activity or effort and can be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.  
1.4 An outcome measure is an assessment of the results of a program activity compared to its intended purpose.  
1.5 Consistent with Practice E2452, these outcomes are grouped into process management outcomes and operational outcomes.  
1.5.1 Although they may be directly related, strategies and tactics should not be confused with outcomes. Strategies are long-term plans of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Tactics are maneuvers or actions calculated to achieve some end. For example, increasing exercise is a strategy to attain the goal or outcome of fitness. Running is a supporting tactic to achieve the goal or outcome of fitness. Other tactics or groups of tactics may achieve the same outcome. On the other hand, as the definition of outcome indicates, tactics are not required for attaining outcomes. For example, fitness may be an unplanned result of a job requiring physical exertion.  
1.6 This practice describes the outcomes at a high level, with limited discussion of each outcome or components of each outcome. The intent is to provide a framework for current and potential additional standards. A cross reference relating current standards to the outcomes is provided in Section 5.  
1.7 The outcomes further described in Section 5, are listed in the following:  
1.7.1 Process Management Outcomes:
1.7.1.1 Outcome 1—Mission Support
1.7.1.2 Outcome 2—Accounting and Accountability
1.7.1.3 Outcome 3—Information Management
1.7.1.4 Outcome 4—Planning
1.7.1.5 Outcome 5—Relationships  
1.7.2 Operational Outcomes:
1.7.2.1 Outcome 6—Property Functionality
1.7.2.2 Outcome 7—Resource Optimization
1.7.2.3 Outcome 8—Property Visibility
1.7.2.4 Outcome 9—Safety and Security
1.7.2.5 Outcome 10—Installation, Movement, and Storage  
1.8 In Section 5, a rating scale is provided to quantify in a uniform manner achievement of outcomes and outcome components.  
1.9 This practice, in combination with Practice E2279, clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of property and may provide an enhanced basis for making decisions surrounding both property and property management systems.  
1.10 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all property-holding entities.  
1.11 This practice covers tangible property as defined in Terminology E2135. Consistent with the nomenclature...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is the intent of these principles to provide guidance for an efficient system to acknowledge custody of tangible assets through certification of receipt.  
4.2 These principles allow for enhanced control of tangible asset movement within any organizational structure, including suppliers and alternate locations.  
4.3 Use of this practice will provide an auditable document for proof of custody change.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of receipt notification as a result of tangible asset movement. This practice provides further guidance in conjunction with Practice E2605.  
1.2 The application of this practice should promote accurate visibility of tangible asset location and timely record updates.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.