CEN/TC 336 - Bituminous binders

This document specifies a method for the conditioning of bitumen or bituminous binders in order to provide for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is referred to as RTFOT - Rolling Thin Film Oven Test.
The method described is applicable to paving grade bitumen. The method described is also applicable to other bituminous binders considering that the reference temperature can result in excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. It is possible that the method does not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing bitumen used for warm mix asphalt.
The method described is not applicable to those binders having a viscosity at the tested temperature not allowing to provide a moving film. In some cases, it is possible that the test sample creeps out of the glass container and flows on the heating elements of the oven during testing.
The method described is not applicable to binders with volatiles components present. In case of cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsion, the described procedure is only applicable after being stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2 [9].
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the needle penetration of bitumens and bituminous binders.
The standard procedure for the determination of the needle penetration (consistency) is described for penetrations up to (330 × 0,1) mm at a temperature of 25 °C. The method also allows for penetrations up to (500 × 0,1) mm using a longer needle.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies methods for preparing test samples of bitumens and bituminous binders in order to test their properties.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard defines terms for paving or industrial bitumen of various types and binders derived from bitumen.
This European Standard is intended to cover materials only within the scope of CEN/TC 336, i.e. only bitumens and bituminous binders. It should consequently not extend to non-petroleum "hydrocarbon" binders such as coal tar and its derivatives or to natural asphalts. However, some definitions are given for some excluded materials and related terms. The corresponding terms were introduced only when they appeared in a definition of a product or process and when their definition was found necessary for understanding or for avoiding any ambiguity.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the breaking and immediate adhesivity behaviour of cationic bituminous emulsions in contact with aggregate. The method applies to emulsions used for surface dressing and similar applications and can be used for formulation as well as for production control purposes.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a general method of using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for measuring the rheological properties of bituminous binders. The procedure involves determining the complex shear modulus and phase angle of binders over a range of test frequencies and test temperatures when tested in oscillatory shear.
From the test, the complex shear modulus, |G*|, and its phase angle, δ, at a given temperature and frequency are calculated, as well as the components G' and G" of the complex shear modulus.
This method is applicable to un-aged, aged, stabilized and recovered bituminous binders. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber).
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies an accelerated long-term ageing/conditioning procedure for bituminous binders. The procedure involves ageing trays of binder at elevated temperatures under pressurized conditions in a pressure ageing vessel (PAV).
NOTE   For binders to be used in hot and warm asphalt applications, the pre-conditioning of the sample can be performed using one of the methods in the EN 12607 series. For binders to be used in bituminous emulsion and cut back or fluxed applications, the stabilization of the sample is such that there are no volatiles remaining.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a high pressure ageing vessel. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. If there is the likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure is not used.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the flexural creep stiffness of bitumen and bituminous binders in the range of 30 MPa to 1 GPa by means of the bending beam rheometer.
The method can be applied to a variety of bitumens, including unmodified as well as modified binders, as fresh (unused) binders, as well as binders after laboratory ageing conditioning (e.g. EN 12607-1, EN 14769), and also binders that have been recovered from asphalt mixtures.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the kinematic viscosity of bituminous binders at 60 °C and 135 °C, in a range from 6 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions are not covered within the scope of this method.
Results for this method can be used to calculate dynamic viscosity when the density of the test material is known or can be determined.
NOTE   This document assumes Newtonian behaviour of the sample at test conditions.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders by means of a vacuum capillary viscometer at 60 °C in a range between 0,003 6 Pa⋅s and 580 000 Pa⋅s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions and non-newtonian binders (e.g. some polymer modified bitumen) are not within the scope of this method.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the Binder Fast Characterization Test (for short: BTSV test, German: Bitumen-Typisierungs-Schnell-Verfahren). The test is conducted using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). It is used to characterize bitumen and bituminous binders and to assess the deformation behaviour at high service temperatures.
The test procedure described in this document covers the testing of paving grade bitumen or modified bitumen, as fresh (unused) binders, as well as binders after laboratory ageing conditioning (e.g. EN 12607-1, EN 14769), and also binders that have been recovered from asphalt mixtures. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber).
NOTE   The test procedure has not been applied on bituminous binders recovered from bitumen emulsions yet.
The test determines the temperature and the associated phase angle at which a bituminous binder exhibits a defined complex shear modulus in stress-controlled oscillation mode at constant frequency and with continuous increase of the test temperature.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure that regulatory requirements are fulfilled prior to application of this document. This document involves handling of apparatus and binders at very high temperatures. Always wear protective gloves and eyewear when handling hot binders, and avoid contact with any exposed, unprotected skin.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the settling tendency of bituminous emulsions.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for measuring the pH value of bituminous emulsions.
It is applicable to anionic, cationic bituminous emulsions and bituminous emulsions prepared by means of non-ionic surfactant.
NOTE   In certain circumstances, the pH value can provide an indication of the ionic character of a bituminous emulsion when confirmed by a particle polarity test conforming to EN 1430 [1].
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 25 °C of petroleum cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperatures are 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C.
WARNING - The use of this document involves hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 40 °C of bituminous emulsions in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperature is 50 °C.
NOTE   The procedure described in this document can also be followed to determine efflux time at other temperatures such as 25 °C.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for determining the adhesion of a bituminous emulsion coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
The method considers two different aspects of adhesivity, i.e. immediate adhesivity and water effect on binder adhesion.
The method may be used with a reference aggregate. In that case, it measures the intrinsic adhesion behaviour of a bituminous emulsion. The method may also be used with a specific aggregate as used on a job site.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document provides examples of Declaration of Performance (DoP) and CE Marking for bitumen and bituminous binders for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
NOTE 1   Only harmonized technical specifications (product standards or ETAs) cited in the OJEU are the basis for drawing up the Declaration of Performance.
NOTE 2   The product standards this document is related to, are listed in the bibliography.
NOTE 3   The EC database of all harmonized standards is available at
https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/nando/index.cfm?fuseaction=cp.hs&cpr=Y .

This document describes a method for the determination of the free acidic constituents present in bitumen, conventionally known as acid number.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document describes a method for determination of the salt content in bitumen, conventionally expressed in mg of sodium chloride (noted NaCl as from this point of this document) per kg of bitumen. This method is valid for "equivalent NaCl contents" between 20 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders made with mineral fluxes.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the recovery of binder from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen after conditioning at ambient temperature for 24 h followed by 24 h at 50 °C, in such a way that will enable further testing with minimum changes of the binder characteristics.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumen, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
For cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, this test method is only an intermediate step and should be followed by the stabilisation procedure specified by EN 13074-2. Direct testing of the recovered binder is however used to evaluate the setting ability of fluxed bituminous binders made with vegetal fluxes.
NOTE   The recovered binder is not necessarily identical to the initial binder.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the stabilisation at 85 °C for 24 h of a binder after recovery from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen for further testing.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, and as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumen, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
The recovery test method is specified in EN 13074-1.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The hazards associated with the use of this method have been assessed using cut-back bitumen containing 10 % kerosene and 90 % 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and were found low enough to be acceptable. However it is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for determining the dynamic viscosity of a bituminous binder over a range of temperatures by means of a cone and plate viscometer. The test method is intended for all bituminous binders (e.g. paving grade bitumen and polymer modified), unaged or aged. It is also suitable for recovered bituminous binders according to EN 12697 3 [1] and EN 12697 4 [2] with no or limited amount of filler.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of an unaged, aged, residual or recovered bituminous binder, in particular those of polymer-modified bitumens by means of a force ductility test.
The work done during the force ductility test is a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of a variety of bituminous binders: modified and unmodified bituminous binders, bituminous emulsions, cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, by means of a rotating spindle apparatus (a coaxial viscometer).
Standard application temperatures are quoted, although the dynamic viscosity can be measured at other temperatures if required. Similarly, measurements at standard values of shear rate can be replaced or complemented by measurements at additional shear rates if required.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of residual binder and oil distillate in bituminous emulsions.
The method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing.
NOTE   The properties of the material recovered in the test are not necessarily the same as those of the original materials from which the emulsion was produced, especially for polymer modified bitumens, cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the storage stability at high temperatures.
NOTE   Modified bitumen and, in particular, polymer-modified bitumen, which consist of mainly bitumen and at least one additional agent, are known to display phase separation under certain conditions.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer at the test temperature (typically 25°C or 10°C; other temperatures can be used).
It is especially applicable to bituminous binders modified with thermoplastic elastomers, but can also be used with other bituminous binders which generate only small recovery.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders for surface dressing application at temperatures in the range of (- 10 oC) to (+ 80 °C) and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature.
This method is applicable for pure bitumen, modified bitumen and fluxed bitumen; in the case of fluxed bitumen, the test can be performed on the binder containing fluxant or on binder from which the solvent has been removed. For bitumen emulsions, the test is carried out on the residual binder obtained after recovery and the method used to recover the binder should be reported.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss in mass of industrial bitumen after heating. The method is used to detect volatile components.
NOTE   The users of the method are encouraged to gather comparative information on binders using this standard, EN 13303 and EN 12607-2 [1] at 163 °C to facilitate the transition to the use of only one standard.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 13924 provides a framework for specifying the properties and relevant test methods for hard paving grade bitumens which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of a polymer modified bitumen, by means of a tensile test.
NOTE   The tensile properties, more particularly the tensile stress, the elongation and energy, at the yield point and on fracture, are customarily used as a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fines mixing time of diluted cationic bituminous emulsions, under standardized conditions.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the breaking value of cationic bituminous emulsions.
WARNING  The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the adhesivity of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons and to reduce emissions to air, water and soil, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to the minimum required for a valid test result.

This European Standard specifies a quick method for determining, by evaporation, the water content of bituminous road emulsions, with or without polymer added.
For bituminous emulsions without flux oil, bituminous emulsions containing vegetal flux oil, and bituminous emulsions containing up to 1,5 % mass of mineral flux oil in the emulsion, this European Standard, according to the selected operating conditions, is considered as an alternative method to the reference method EN 1428 [1].
Above a mineral flux oil content of 1,5 % by mass, depending on the volatility of the flux oil:
-   the present method can be used up to a flux oil content above 1,5 % by mass if the user can prove its reliability in comparison to EN 1428.
-   the present method can only be used by correcting the result by means of a previously established correlation with the reference method EN 1428.
NOTE   Polymer modified emulsions can behave differently in the test than unmodified emulsions; in case of doubt, the method is checked against EN 1428.
In case of dispute, the water content should be determined according to EN 1428.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons and to reduce emissions to air, water and soil, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to the minimum required for a valid test result.

1.1   This test method covers the determination of percent recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance of bitumen and bituminous binders by means of Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) testing. The MSCR test is conducted using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in creep mode at a specified temperature.
1.2   The percent recovery at multiple stress levels is intended to determine the presence of elastic response and stress dependence of bituminous binders.
1.3   The non-recoverable creep compliance at multiple stress levels is intended as an indicator for the sensitivity to permanent deformation and stress dependence of bituminous binders.
1.4   This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of bitumen and bituminous binders in the range of 28 °C to 150 °C.
Technical warning - The change from mercury thermometers to electronic temperature devices has revealed that the temperature definition in the mercury thermometer has not been precise enough to make a correct, unbiased transfer to electronic devices. Care should be taken for softening points ring and ball above 100 °C as the condition may have changed from previous practise to present days testing equipment. Below approx. 100 °C the difference in temperature readings between electronic and mercury stem thermometer is acceptable compared to the repeatability of this test methods. [Reference: ASTM E20 Group]
NOTE   The method described is also applicable to bituminous binders that have been recovered from bituminous mixes, e.g. by extraction.
WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for determining the paraffin wax content of bitumen and bituminous binder by the DIN method.
Aqueous bituminous binders, fluxed or cut-back anhydrous binders, and modified binders, whatever their consistency, are not within the scope of the present test method.
WARNING - Use of this European standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the Fraass breaking point which measures the brittleness of bitumen and bituminous binders at low temperatures.
WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
The method is referred to as RFT, i.e. Rotating Flask Test.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the degree of solubility of bituminous binders having little or no mineral matter other than recovered bituminous binders from asphalt mixes, in a specific solvent. Toluene is used as the solvent for reference tests.
NOTE   Bituminous binders will have varying solubility in different solvents.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
Additionally, this part of EN 12607 specifies a method for the determination of the change in mass of oxidized bitumens and hard industrial bitumens after heating. The method is used to detect volatile components.
The method is referred to as TFOT, i.e. Thin Film Oven Test.
WARNING:  Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.

This European Standard provides a framework for specifying cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders which are suitable for the use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This European Standard applies to un-modified and polymer modified bituminous cut-back and fluxed materials.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for performance characteristics of cationic bituminous emulsion classes which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This European Standard applies to emulsions of bitumen, or of fluxed bitumen, or of cut back bitumen and to emulsions of polymer modified bitumen, or of polymer modified fluxed bitumen, or of polymer modified cut-back bitumen, which also includes latex modified bituminous emulsions.
Within Europe several types of cationic bituminous emulsions are used. Depending on traditional practices, different binder contents may be used for the same purpose. When designing a specification for a particular application, care should be taken to make class selections which are compatible and realistic.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time (in seconds) of a bituminous emulsion at 85 °C using the Redwood No. II Viscometer.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document provides a framework for specifying the properties and relevant test methods for multigrade paving grade bitumens which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas, together with information for attestation and verification of constancy of performance. Multigrade paving grade bitumens are designated in EN 12597:2000 as special bitumens for road applications having a positive penetration index (Ip).
This document does not directly address cohesion, adhesion and settling ability, (see Clause Introduction).

This European Standard specifies methods utilising sieving for the determination of the quantity of coarse particles of binder present in bitumen emulsions, and for the determination of storage stability.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the perceptible properties of bituminous binders at ambient temperature prior to testing for other properties.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies methods of sampling bituminous binders, to determine the average quality of the material under examination and/or to determine deviations from average quality.