CEN/TC 229 - Precast concrete products

This document provides the specifications, the basic performance criteria and the Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) for unreinforced, reinforced and prestressed precast concrete products made of compact light-, normal- and heavyweight concrete according to EN 206 with no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than entrained air. Concrete containing fibres for other than mechanical properties (steel, polymer or other fibres) is also covered. It does not cover precast reinforced components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure nor glass-fibre reinforced concrete.
It can also be used to specify products for which there is no standard. Not all of the specifications (Clause 4) of this document are relevant to all precast concrete products.
Some European product standards refer to this document. They can include specific provisions that take precedence over the provisions of this document.

This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and is intended to be used as a c-PCR in conjunction with that standard.
This c-PCR applies to products within the scope of CEN/TC 104 and CEN/TC 229, but it may be applicable to other concrete products until they have product specific c-PCRs.
This document applies to concrete and concrete elements for building and civil engineering, but excludes autoclaved aerated concrete and resin bound concrete. Apart from Annex G, it may be used as guidance for glass fibre reinforced concrete.
This document defines the parameters to be reported, what EPD types (and life cycle stages) to be covered, what rules to be followed in order to generate Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) and conduct Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and the data quality to be used in the development of EPDs.
In addition to the common parts of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, this document for concrete and concrete elements:
-   defines the system boundaries;
-   defines the modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics;
-   defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the production chain;
-   defines allocation procedures for reuse and recycling;
-   includes the rules for calculating the LCI and the LCIA underlying the EPD;
-   provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL);
-   gives guidance on the establishment of default scenarios;
-   gives guidance on default functional units for concrete elements.
This document is intended to be used either for cradle to gate with options or cradle to grave assessment, provided the intentions are properly stated in the system boundary description.
Within the construction works context, a cradle to grave declaration delivers a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact associated with concrete and concrete elements.

1.1   General
This Technical Report provides recommendations for the choice and use of cast-in steel lifting inserts, hereafter called 'inserts' for the handling of precast concrete elements. They are intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, and not for the service life of the structure. The choice of insert is made according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete, or may be limited by the capacity of the insert itself and the corresponding key declared by the insert manufacturer.
The report covers commonly used applications (walls/beams/columns and solid slabs and pipes). The range of these applications is further limited to prevent other types of failure than concrete breakout failure (cone failure), bond failure, failure of reinforcement or failure in the steel insert.
Due to lack of information this report does not cover double shell walls, floor plates and beams for beam-and-block floor systems.
The safety levels are given for information and are intended for short-term-handling and transient situations.
This Technical Report applies only to precast concrete elements made of normal weight concrete and manufactured in a factory environment and under a factory production control (FPC) system (in accordance with EN 13369:2013, 6.3) covering the insert embedment.
This Technical Report does not cover:
-   the design of the lifting inserts independently placed on the market;
-   lifting inserts for permanent and repeated use.
This Technical Report is prepared based on the fact that the anchorage in the concrete of parts of the lifting assembly is governed by the Construction Products Regulation. Lifting accessories independently placed on the market are governed by the Machinery Directive.
1.2   Types of inserts for lifting and handling
This Technical Report applies to the embedment of lifting inserts. Devices made by the precaster may consist of smooth bars, prestressing strands, steel plates with anchorage or steel wire ropes. The system devices may be e.g. internal threaded inserts, flat steel inserts and headed inserts.
Lifting loops of ribbed bars are not covered.
1.3   Minimum dimensions
This Technical Report applies in general to inserts with a minimum nominal diameter of 6 mm or the corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum anchorage depth should be hef = 40 mm.
Wire ropes of diameter less than 6 mm are not covered.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for blocks made in expanded polystyrene (EPS), used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with
EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor systems.
EPS block may be totally made in EPS or combined with different materials such as plaster or wood wool.
If EPS is combined with other materials, these materials should not contribute to more than 50 % of the mechanical resistance of the block. If not, the block is covered by EN 15037-5, Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems - Part 5: Lightweight blocks for simple formwork.
Examples of typology of floor systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2008.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for lightweight blocks used as formwork during the construction of the floor system. The blocks are used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor systems.
This European Standard does not deal with blocks made in polystyrene, with or without tong, or combined with different materials where polystyrene contributes to more than 50 % of the mechanical resistance of the block. These blocks are covered by EN 15037-4, Precast concrete products — Beam-and-block floor systems  Part 4: Expanded polystyrene blocks.
Examples of typology of floor systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2008.

This European Standard identifies the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast linear elements (such as columns, beams and frame elements) made of reinforced or prestressed normal or lightweight concrete, used for the construction of the structures of buildings and other civil engineering works, except bridges.
This document covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, test methods, and aspects of transport and erection.
This document does not cover load bearing capacity determined by testing.
This standard does not cover lintels with length up to 4,5 m used in masonry walls.

This European Standard deals with both large (structural) and small (non-structural or light structural) box culverts of rectangular cross-section formed monolithically and designed as continuous elements with a joint detail shaped to allow the possible incorporation of sealing materials. Box culverts can be used for creation of voids below ground for conveyance and storage of materials. e.g. conveyance and storage of wastewater, cable tunnels and subways
For the purposes of this European Standard, box culverts having internal cross-sectional dimensions (W and H in Figure 1) less than or equal to 1 250 mm are considered as small (non-structural or light structural). All other units are defined as large. The elements are generally manufactured in factories using either normal weight or lightweight concrete and usually require reinforcing steel. This standard does not include units manufactured from autoclaved aerated concrete, nor prefabricated reinforced box culverts of lightweight concrete with open structure.
Each unit is structurally complete. They are used in combination to form a total structure of appropriate length (including joints) and capacity.

This document identifies the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast ribbed elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, used in floors or roofs. The elements consist of a top and/or bottom slab and one or more (usually two) ribs; transverse ribs may also be present.
Some examples of precast elements considered in this document are shown in Annex A.
Specific requirements for minor floor elements are listed in Annex B.
This document covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, test methods and aspects of transport and erection.
This document does not cover load-bearing capacity determined by testing.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria and specifies minimum values where appropriate for precast hollow core slabs made of prestressed or reinforced normal weight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004.
This European Standard covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods, and special aspects of transport and erection.
Hollow core elements are used in floors, roofs, walls and similar applications. In this European Standard the material properties and other requirements for floors and roofs are dealt with; for special use in walls and other applications, see the relevant product standards for possible additional requirements.
The elements have lateral edges with a grooved profile in order to make a shear key to transfer shear through joints contiguous elements. For diaphragm action the joints have to function as horizontal shear joints.
To improve this action vertical grooves may be provided.
The elements are manufactured in factories by extrusion, slipforming or mouldcasting. Fitting slabs (narrowed slab elements) and recesses to the hollow core slabs can be made during production or afterwards. Hollow core slabs can have provisions for thermal activation, heating, cooling, sound insulation, etc. Due to these provisions, the concrete temperature remains in it’s natural range.
This European Standard also deals with solid slab elements used in conjunction with hollow core slabs and manufactured by extrusion, slipforming or mouldcasting, equivalent to the manufacturing of hollow core slabs. These solid slabs have the same overall cross-section as hollow core slabs, however without hollow cores.
The application of the standard is limited for prestressed elements to a maximum depth of 500 mm and for reinforced elements to a maximum depth of 300 mm.
For both types, the maximum width without transverse reinforcement is limited to 1 200 mm and with transverse reinforcement to 2 400 mm.
The elements may be used in composite action with an in situ structural topping cast on site.
The applications considered are floors and roofs of buildings, including areas for vehicles in the category F and G of EN 1991-1-1 which are not subjected to fatigue loading. For building in seismic zones additional provisions are given in EN 1998-1.
This European Standard does not deal with complementary matters. E.g. the slabs should not be used in roofs without additional protection against water penetration.

This European Standard applies to prefabricated walls, made of normal weight or lightweight concrete with dense structure. Also fibre reinforced concrete (steel, polymer or other fibres covered by European standards) may be used. These wall elements may have external wall functions (see 3.11) or not, have facing functions (see 3.12) or not or have a combination of these functions.
External wall functions could be:
-   thermal insulation (see 3.11.1);
-   sound insulation (see 3.11.2);
-   hygrometric control (see 3.11.3);
or a combination of these.
They may be plain, reinforced or prestressed. They may be loadbearing or not.
These include:
-   solid walls;
-   composite walls;
-   sandwich walls;
-   lightened walls;
-   claddings.
The wall element may also work as a column or beam.

This European standard specifies precast products in reinforced or pre-stressed concrete with or without fibres, to be used together or in combination with other elements to erect fences e.g. boundary fences.
This European standard covers both mechanical resistance determined by calculation and load bearing capacity determined by testing.
Normal weight concrete or light weight concrete elements include posts, solid or open panels, slabs, rails, spurs, struts and base panels.
The intended uses may be nonstructural or lightly structural.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity of elements to this European Standard. Marking conditions are included.

This European Standard applies to precast concrete structural elements produced in a factory and used in bridge construction, such as deck elements.Normal weight concrete elements are considered, both reinforced and prestressed; their use can be on road bridges, railway bridges and footbridges.
Deck elements include both single elements from which the deck may be composed (beams, slabs, ribbed or cellular elements) and elements consisting of a segment of the entire deck.
Some examples of elements dealt with are shown in Annex A.
The durability aspects are also considered.
This European Standard makes reference to precast elements produced in a factory or near the construction site in a place protected from adverse weather conditions. It is assumed that if the elements are not manufactured in a factory, the production conditions assure the same level of quality control as in a factory. It is assumed that the production place is protected from rain, sunshine and wind.
Some of the elements are also treated in other European Standards (e.g. beams, slabs). This European Standard deals with the specific aspects related to the use of these elements in bridge construction.
Foundation piles, piers, abutments, barriers, bumpers, guards, arches and" box culverts are out the scope of this European Standard.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for blocks made in normal or lightweight aggregate concrete, used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems.
Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2008.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for blocks made in clay, used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems.
Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2008.

This European Standard deals with the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast beams made of reinforced or prestressed normal or lightweight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004, with or without clay shell, used in conjunction with blocks in compliance with prEN 15037-2 or prEN 15037-3 or prEN 15037-4 or prEN 15037-5, with or without cast in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems. Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B.
It is essential that the total depth of the beam be comprised between 60 mm and 300 mm and the beams be at centres of not more than 1,00 m.
For higher depth, it is essential that the precast concrete beams be in compliance with EN 13225.
The products covered by this standard are intended to be used as structural floor and roof systems, including parking areas for light vehicles corresponding to traffic category F of EN 1991-1-1:2002, which are not subjected to fatigue loading.
The products may be used in seismic areas provided they fulfil the requirements specific to this use.

This European standard deals with the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast floor plates made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004, used in conjunction with cast-in-situ concrete (topping) for the construction of composite floor slabs. Annex B gives different types of composite slabs made with floor plates.
These floor plates, with or without void formers, can include lattice girders or stiffening ribs incorporated during the precasting.
They shall be manufactured in factories by casting, slip forming or extrusion.
If major part of mechanical resistance is taken up by the precast stiffening ribs, the product belongs to EN 1168 or to EN 13224, according to the section.
The products covered by this standard are intended to be used as part of structural floors in applications such as:
-   floors and roofs of buildings (including industrial and storage buildings, public buildings as schools, hospitals, etc.);
-   parking/circulation areas;
-   cover for culverts;
-   etc.
Floor plates for bridge decks belong to the scope of EN 15050 and are not covered by this European Standard.
The products may be used in seismic areas provided they fulfil the requirements specific to this use.
This standard does not cover:
-   reinforced and prestressed floor plates with a nominal thickness less than 40 mm;
-   prestressed floor plates with a nominal thickness less than 50 mm without stiffening ribs or lattice girder;
-   floor plates with a very smooth upper face, such as defined in 6.2.5 of EN 1992-1-1:2004.

This European Standard deals with the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast elements made of plain, reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, used for the construction of retaining walls.
The products covered by this European Standard are intended to be used as part of retaining walls in applications such as:
- to retain natural ground excavations and trenches;
- to retain earth fills for roads, platforms, etc.;
- in bridge abutments and their flank walls;
- to retain several kinds of loose materials such as sand, gravel, etc.
Some examples of precast elements considered in this European Standard are shown in the Informative Annex B.
The products may be used in seismic areas on condition that they fulfil the requirements specific to this use.
This European Standard does not cover:
- products for retaining walls of tanks or reservoirs of liquids;
- retaining wall elements up to a height of 1,0 m and those assembled to form retaining walls of up to 1,0 m in height (e.g. stacked flower boxes for dwarf walls) if the corresponding retaining wall is used for secondary loads (max. horizontal earth fill and with light surcharge);
- products for stacked planting boxes, having only façade functions, and therefore not submitted to any loads (such as earth pressure loads, highway load effects, etc.);
- precast diaphragm walls (concrete sheet piling).

This European Standard deals with the classification of glassfibre reinforced concrete. This classification conforms to the needs of the design process of glassfibre reinforced concrete components. This European Standard applies only if EN 1169 is followed.
This standard does not include the design methods.

This European Standard specifies the properties, performance and test methods of factory made, non-load bearing hollow concrete shuttering blocks made from normal weight or lightweight aggregates or a combination of both. Shuttering blocks may include vertical or horizontal interlocking features and factory installed supplementary insulation. Shuttering blocks are intended to be used to form walls and partitions when filled with concrete or mortar. Concrete shuttering blocks rely on a concrete or mortar infill for their structural performance and are not intended to be used unfilled.
This standard does not cover masonry units covered in EN 771-3.

This European Standard specifies the properties, performance and test methods of factory made, non-load-bearing hollow wood-chip concrete shuttering blocks, which may include factory installed thermal insulation.
These blocks are intended to be used for external and internal walls and partitions when filled with concrete.

This document identifies the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity for special precast roof elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, used for the construction of buildings, with or without separating function with respect to fire resistance.
NOTE   The title of special roof elements refers to thin-walled structural elements with deformable transverse profile, such as folded plates, or shell elements, the intended use being specific for roofings with their typical loads. This type of elements combines the overall flexural behaviour along the main span with a complex distribution of in-plane forces and local moments.
Other types of elements can be used in roofing, such as ribbed units, floor slabs, ... . For these elements reference shall be made to their respective product standards.
!This document identifies also the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity of complementary elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, possibly used in combination with the main roof elements, such as load bearing shuttering plates and shells, for which reference shall be made to Annex F."Secondary structural components, possibly used in combination with the main roof elements, such as load bearing shuttering plates and shells, roof light frames, ..., shall refer to their respective product standard or technical approval.
This document covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, test methods, and aspects of transport and erection.
This document does not deal with seismic behaviour.
This document does not cover load bearing capacity determined by testing.

This document provides guidelines for the surface appearance of precast concrete products and the methods for inspecting and assessing the conformity of appearance for use in conjunction with specific product standards. This document may also be used to describe the appearance of products for which there is no standard.
If there is a specific standard for a precast concrete product, it takes priority over this document.

This European Standard specifies common requirements for resin-bound concrete used in the fabrication of precast concrete products. It is intended to be used when preparing documents for resin-bound concrete products.
Resin-bound concrete product standards will define specific requirements, which may be additional to those given in this document. Product standards will give any limiting values.
Examples for the use of resin-bound concrete are: street furniture and garden products, decorative elements, structural elements, window sills, machine tool structures, elements for fence, animal troughs and slats, etc.
This standard is not applicable to polymer-modified or impregnated mortar and concrete (only PC not PCC or SPCC).

This European Standard specifies a test method for identifying, for a given GRC formulation (constituents and their proportions in the formulation), the effect of environmental factors such as water and temperature on the change of mechanical characteristics. For other conditions of exposure, e.g. where freezing, thawing and action of thawing salt occurs, the test will be adapted.

This European standard specifies requirements for glass fibres used as reinforcement in mortars and concrete for non-structural products. It applies to continuous filament glass fibre products in the form of roving, strands, or chopped strands and related products such as nets or mats based on these products.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for reinforced and prestressed precast concrete floor slats used in slatted floors for the housing of livestock and provides for the evaluation of conformity of these products. This standard does not cover slats for loadings other than stock and stockmen.

This European Standard specifies a method of measuring the flexural tensile strength of metallic fibered concrete on moulded test specimen. The method provides for the determination of the limit of proportionality (LOP) and of a set of residual flexural tensile strength values.
This testing method is intended for metallic fibres no longer than 60 mm. The method can also be used for a combination of metallic fibres and, a combination of metallic fibres with other fibres.

This European Standard specifies two methods of measuring the fibre content of metallic fibre concrete. Method A measures the fibre content of a hardened concrete specimen. Method B measures the fibre content of a fresh concrete specimen.
This European Standard does not apply to sprayed concrete.

This document specifies the terminology, requirements, basic performance criteria, test methods and evaluation of conformity that will be applied to precast concrete foundation piles, factory produced for building and civil engineering works and installed at the site by the use of impact, vibration, pressing or other suitable techniques. This document may also be applied to products manufactured in temporary plants on site where production is controlled in accordance with the provisions of Clause 6 and is protected against adverse weather conditions as necessary.
This document applies to foundation piles produced in a plant as reinforced or prestressed concrete elements. The cross-section may be solid or provided with a hollow core, either prismatic or cylindrical. The cross-section may be constant over the full length or tapered partly or wholly along the pile or pile segment length.
This document deals with foundation piles manufactured either in one length or in segments with cast-in pile joints. The foundation piles may have an enlarged toe or a pile shoe.
This document applies to normal weight concrete as defined in EN 206-1 compacted so as to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than entrained air.

This standard gives specifications for materials, production, properties, requirements and methods of testing for precast concrete monolithic stairs, and for precast concrete elements (e.g. individual steps) used to make reinforced and/or prestressed concrete stairs.
This standard is applicable to structural stairs for indoor or outdoor use.
This standard covers precast concrete stairs and associated landings of monolithic design or constructed from individual steps supported by beams or columns. Supporting elements may include in situ concrete.
This standard covers terminology, performance criteria, verification methods, tolerances, relevant physical properties, special test methods and specific aspects of transport, erection and connection.
Geometrical properties related to functionality of stairs are not covered by this standard and can be found in National regulations or local practice.
Precast concrete stairs are classified into two main product families :
   monolithic stairs constructed from precast concrete components consisting of flights, landings or a combination of these. They may include vertical supporting elements ;
   stairs constructed from individual steps, whether load bearing or not, assembled on site with, for example, carriages or a central column.
Their shape may be straight or winding.
Stairs may incorporate parapets (on one or both sides) and landings.
Stairs may have simple bearings (e.g. on corbels, walls or beams), bolted connections or they may be connected with reinforcement and in situ concrete.
The surfaces of the precast elements may be exposed or covered by finishes.

This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria and specifies where applicable minimum values for precast foundation elements (comprising columns with integrated foundation elements, pocket foundation elements, sockets) made of reinforced normal weight concrete for structure of buildings according to EN 1992-1-1.
This European Standard covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties and special aspects of transport and erection.
This European Standard does not cover the bearing capacity determined by testing.

This document regards precast reinforced concrete garages produced as monolithic units or as kits of single sections with room dimensions in stationary factories. These garages are intended to be erected on foundations designed by others and complying with the behaviour of the precast units. They may be free-standing, or may have backfilling behind some of the walls (earthfilled), or earth covered or built over with a parking area for cars or a second storey of precast garages. This document also applies to supplementary units, kits for double space garages and multiple parking garages as well as for garage boxes for one-storey basement garages. It does not apply to elements incorporated as a structural part of an upper structure unless they are designed according to EN 13369.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties and methods of testing for unreinforced cement-bound terrazzo tiles which are factory made and sold ready to be placed.
The tiles are intended for external use (including roofing applications) in pedestrian areas, e.g. walkways, terraces, commercial centres and swimming-pools.
NOTE   This standard applies to ex-factory products and does not take into account the laying of the product.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties and methods of testing for unreinforced cement-bound terrazzo tiles which are factory made and sold ready to be placed.
The tiles are intended for internal use.

This document defines the general rules for factory production control of metallic fibre concrete.
This document does not specify the conformity control procedure for the finished metallic fibre concrete products, for which reference should be made to European product standards or, if none, to the technical specifications defined and agreed between the customer and the manufacturer.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties and methods of testing for unreinforced cement-bound terrazzo tiles which are factory made and sold ready to be placed.
The tiles are intended for internal use.

TC - Modification in ZA.2.1

This standard on classification of glass fibre reinforced cement performances should deal with the following requirements: - the classification method shall comply with the project managers (help in design) and manufacturers needs in their dealings with customers; - the classification method shall be open, i.e. compatible with all the existing as well as future formulations (the formulations advance with the products); - it is necessary to make a distinction between the short and long-term requirements; - the standard shall give tables of values for all the characteristics on the material.

This document specifies common requirements for wood-chip concrete, used in precast wood-chip concrete products. It is intended to be used when preparing documents for wood-chip concrete products. Wood-chip concrete product standards will define specific requirements, which may be additional to those given in this document. Product standards will give any limiting values.
Examples for the use of wood-chip concrete are: hollow blocks for flooring systems, shuttering blocks, slabs, facing elements, acoustic and/or thermal facing elements, partitioning elements, wine racks, etc.
It is not applicable to concrete for structural masonry units covered by EN 771-3 and their ancillary components.

This Standard specifies requirements for precast concrete poles (also commonly called masts) (either all of a piece or composed of elements), reinforced and/or prestressed as structural elements; they may be hollow or solid and may receive or include additional components (e.g. cross-arms, platforms etc.), inserts and connectors. Additional elements may be connected to pole elements.
Structures made from such elements in mono- or multi-legged form may be used for :
- overhead electrical lines ;
- telecommunication lines ;
- overhead electrical lines for railways, trams and similar ;
- supports for lighting ;
- supports for loudspeaker installation ;
- antenna and telecommunication poles ;
- supports for wind turbines ;
- and similar installations.
This Standard does not cover lighting columns for use in traffic circulation areas.

This document gives guidelines on how full-scale tests may be incorporated in product standards as a tool to reduce incertainties in resistance models.
This document also gives guidelines to designers setting up a proper test programme as part of the initial design of a component.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for street furniture and garden products in precast concrete.
This kind of prefabricated, non-structural products and accessories can be used in public and private areas such as gardens, parks, foot-paths, squares, essentially for the landscaping, without, however, being subject to loads resulting from vehicle traffic. They can also be used for internal applications.
Examples are : products for the furnishing of spaces such as benches, seats, tables, playshapes, step blocks, flower boxes, plant containers, fountains, billboards, street signs, traffic marking signposts, illuminated boards, barbecues, mailboxes, clothesline posts, litter bins, statues, decorative columns and bollards, copings; products for soil erosion control such as piled flower boxes, banks with vegetation with no superimposed load and not exceeding a total height of 1 m; floorscape products such as tree frames and grids, gratings, stepping stones.
This Standard does not cover paving units, flags, kerbs, fences, drainage channels, safety barriers, retaining walls nor sound barriers.

This European Standard is applicable to glass-fibre reinforced cement products manufactured in factories. It defines the general rules for production control of GRC material. It constitutes the common "production" part of the control plan, for which guidelines are given in annex A.

This European Standard specifies a test method for verifying the fibre content and the uniformity of distribution in the finished products and for monitoring the consumption of fibres.

This European Standard specifies a test method for verifying, during production, the fibre content of sprayed glassfibre reinforced cement.

This European Standard specifies a test for determining the dry density and water absorption of a given GRC composition.

This European Standard specifies a test method, applicable to glassfibre reinforced cement, for verifying conformity to the bending strength specification, for evaluating the uniformity of the production process and for checking the homogeneity of the compaction.

This European Standard specifies a method of test making it possible to check the workability of the mixture and the conformity of the water/cement ratio (suitability for pumping and compaction) in glassfibre reinforced cement.

This European Standard specifies a test method for identifying the stress and deformation performance, at the limit of proportionality and on failure, of a GRC composition subjected to bending. It is also used to establish, for a given composition of GRC, the relationship between the conventional strength at 28 days and the strength at 7 days (see prEN 1170-4)