CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products

This document specifies methods for the evaluation of some aspects of the behaviour of nonwoven fabrics in the presence of liquids. In particular:
—     the liquid absorbency time;
—     the liquid absorptive capacity;
—     the liquid wicking rate (capillarity).
The different aspects of absorbency can relate to various end uses of the tested products.
The tests do not apply to any fabric containing super absorbent materials.

This document specifies a method using headspace gas chromatography and mass selective spectroscopy (HS-GC-MS) for detection and quantification of benzene in components of textile products.

This document specifies test methods available for the measurement of thermoregulatory properties of textile materials for use in garments and gives guidance on the most suitable methods for selection where choices are available to the user.
This document also establishes classification of the thermoregulatory properties in three performance levels.
This document does not apply to garments or clothing intended to be worn by babies, infants and children whose thermoregulation within the body has not yet been fully developed.
This document does not apply to the thermoregulatory properties of personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing items or textile products for which a standard already specifies a particular requirement.
This document does not apply also to heated textiles, phase change materials (PCM) and similar smart materials for thermoregulation, for which CEN ISO/TR 23383 can give better guidance.

This document specifies a method for determining the bending length of a nonwoven. A formula is given for calculating the flexural rigidity of the nonwoven material from the bending length. The method is not applicable to combination-type materials (composites or laminates) in which there can be a natural twist.
NOTE            This document describes a test method specific to nonwovens.

This document specifies a test method using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) for detection and quantification of chlorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, and α-chlorinated toluenes in fibres, yarns, fabrics, coated fabrics and plastics.

This document specifies a method of determining the coating adhesion strength of coated fabrics.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the number of threads per centimetre in woven fabrics. Any of the three methods can be used, the choice depending on the character of the fabric. However, in case of dispute, method A takes precedence.
—     Method A: Dissection of fabric, suitable for all fabrics. This is the most laborious method but has fewer limitations than the others; in particular, it is the only one that is really suitable for the examination of certain folded structures and other complicated weaves.
—     Method B: Counting glass, suitable for fabrics with more than 50 threads per centimetre.
—     Method C: Traversing thread counter, suitable for all fabrics.
Where the number of threads per centimetre is low, it can be convenient to express the results as the number of threads per decimetre.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of the preservative agents (biocidal products) 2-phenylphenol (OPP) and triclosan in textile materials and articles composed of textile products, by liquid chromatography.

This document specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the colour of textiles of all kinds, except loose fibres, to the action of weather as determined by exposure to simulated weathering conditions in a test chamber equipped with a xenon arc lamp. This document focuses on textiles (such as apparel) where the main evaluation criterium is the colour fastness.
This method can be used to determine if a textile is sensitive to the combined effect of light and water.
NOTE 1        General information on colour fastness to light is given in Annex A.
NOTE 2        ISO 105-B10 provides guidance on testing textiles or technical textiles, which are permanently exposed to an outdoor environment and/or require mechanical testing (such as tensile strength determination).

This document specifies methods for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds exposed to all forms of industrial laundering procedures.

This document specifies a method for determining the amount of free formaldehyde and formaldehyde extracted partly through hydrolysis by means of an extraction method. The method can be applied for the testing of textile fibres, fabrics or yarns.
NOTE            This method, based on liquid chromatography (LC), is selective and not sensitive to coloured extracts and is intended to be used for precise quantification of formaldehyde.

This document establishes a system of graphic symbols, intended for use in the marking of textile articles, and for providing information on the most severe treatments that do not cause irreversible damage to the article during the textile care process, and specifies the use of these symbols in care labelling.
This document is applicable to all textile articles, except:
—     non-removable covers of upholstered furniture;
—     non-removable covers of mattresses;
—     carpets and rugs which require professional carpet cleaning.
These products are excluded due to specific cleaning processes not specified in this document.
The graphical symbols described in this document are intended to give care information to the end user.
The following domestic treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, drying and ironing. Professional textile care treatments in dry and wet cleaning, but excluding industrial laundering and professional carpet cleaning, are also covered. However, it is recognized that information imparted by the domestic symbols will also be of assistance to the professional cleaner and launderer.
NOTE            Symbols for industrial laundering can be found in ISO 30023.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the breaking force of nonwovens using a grab method in conditioned or wet state.
This test method is not applicable to materials which have a high percentage of stretch. Comparing test results from tensile testing machines operating on different principles is not applicable.
This document specifies methods using constant rate of specimen extension (CRE) tensile testers. Constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) instruments is covered, for information, in ISO 2062:2009, Annex A, in recognition of the fact that these instruments are still in use and can be used by agreement.

This document specifies a method, using hypochlorite, to determine the mass percentage of protein fibre, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of certain non-protein fibres and certain protein fibres, as follows:
—     wool, other animal-hair (such as cashmere, mohair), silk, protein,
with
—     cotton, cupro, viscose, modal, acrylic, chlorofibres, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, glass, elastane, elastomultiester, elastolefin, melamine and polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent.

This document provides general terms and definitions used in the textile value chain related to environmental and circular economy aspects including design, production, retail, use and reuse, recycling processes, repair and disposal.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of rubber- or plastics-coated fabric sheets to blocking when left in contact for specified temperature, time and pressure.

This document specifies a method for the identification, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
It is applicable to loose fibres, intermediate products, and final products of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends.

This document specifies a test method using gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MS) for detection and quantification of chlorophenols (CPs), which are either freely present or released from salts and esters: pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrachlorophenol- (TeCP), trichlorophenol- (TriCP), dichlorophenol- (DiCP) and monochlorophenol- (MoCP) isomers. The method is applicable to textile fibres, yarns, fabrics, coated fabrics, printed fabrics, plastic, and wooden parts of textile products (for example buttons).

This document specifies a method for the identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends using light microscopy (LM). It is applicable to loose fibres, intermediate-products, and final products of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the breaking force and elongation of nonwovens using a strip method in conditioned or wet state. This test method describes two procedures, Option A (width of test specimen: 25 mm) and Option B (width of test specimen: 50 mm).
This document specifies methods using constant rate of specimen extension (CRE) tensile testers. Constant rate of loading (CRL) instruments is covered, for information, in ISO 2062:2009, Annex A, in recognition of the fact that these instruments are still in use and can be used by agreement.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the ability of diaper coverstock to resist the transport back onto the skin of a liquid which has already penetrated the coverstock.
This test corresponds with repeated liquid strike-through time according to NWSP 070.7.
This test method is intended for quality control and is designed for comparison of wetback for different nonwoven coverstocks and treatments. It does not simulate in use conditions for finished products.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the strike-through time (STT) for each of three subsequent doses of liquid (simulated urine) applied to the surface of a test specimen of nonwoven coverstock.
This test method is intended for quality control and is designed for comparison of STT for different nonwoven coverstocks. It does not simulate in-use conditions for finished products.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass per unit area of nonwoven fabrics.

This document provides definitions in the field of electronic textiles (e-textiles) and electronic textile systems, as well as the categorization of different types of electronic textiles and electronic textile systems. It briefly describes the current stage of development of these products and their application potential and gives indications on preferential standardization needs.
This document will also provide guidelines to determine general verification of claimed performance, innocuousness, durability of properties, product information and environmental aspects of textile electronics.
This document is not intended for products which are placed inside or are (permanently) attached to the human body. It also does not specifically address the electronics information communication link between the textile with integrated electronics and external data processing. This document therefore also does not focus on the design of software to be implemented in electronic textiles of textile systems.

This document specifies a method for measuring the collected material mass released from the outlet hose of a standard washing machine, described in ISO 6330, through the washing process.
NOTE            The washing condition of textile end products is indicated by the care labelling according to ISO 3758.
This document is applicable to textile end products (including consumer textile products, such as clothing made of fleece, shirts, trousers, blouse, etc.) and home textile end products (such as, blankets, rugs, curtains, etc.) which are composed of all fibres such as natural fibres, and man-made fibres, including mixture of the fibres that can be washed in a domestic washing machine.
This document is not applicable to fabrics and cut textile products. It does not cover the test for washing machines and detergents as well.

This document describes a method for systematically collecting material loss from fabrics under laundering test conditions to achieve comparable and accurate results. There is no direct correlation to material loss during domestic and commercial laundering. The method is designed to assess material loss of all types.
NOTE      In this document, any collected debris is assumed to be fibre fragments. For the identification of the nature/composition of this debris, the method described in ISO 4484-2 can be used.

This document specifies test conditions and the procedure to be followed for determining the tear strength of a trapezoidal specimen of a rubber- or plastics-coated fabric, using a tensile testing machine. This test can be carried out:
-   either on test specimens conditioned in reference atmospheres; or
-   on test specimens which have been subjected to any necessary treatment for the application considered, for example dipping.

This document specifies requirements for the safety of removable cot duvet covers, used in the child’s sleeping environment (i.e. not under supervision), and designed to envelop a cot duvet when sleeping in a cot or similar product (e.g. crib/cradle) in which a child is contained. This document specifies requirements for removable cot duvet covers suitable for children up to 36 months.
The requirements for cot duvets are covered in EN 16779-1.
Some of the requirements in this document are not suitable for articles used by hospitals when nursing sick children. These include:
-   openings for access for tubing to the patient or monitoring devices to monitor the patient;
-   use of fastenings which may not be durable to industrial laundry processing used by hospitals.
If a part of the cot duvet cover is designed to offer additional functions (e.g. play function), in addition to the following requirements, this part will be subjected to safety requirements related to relevant standards (see B.1).

This document describes the measurement for the determination of the sheet resistance of conductive textile structures or conductive structures by using eddy current technology in reflection mode setup/ arrangement.
It is applicable to conductive textile structures or conductive structures intended for application in/to textiles in the form of sheets (woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven, coated fabric) where the area is formed by intersecting surfaces having conductive textile material.
It is also applicable to multilayer structures containing both insulating and conductive layers.

This method of test specifies a test method for determining the thermal resistance of textile articles which may be filled, e.g. padded coats and jackets, child sleep bags, cot duvets, etc., or textiles articles with a thermal resistance of up to 0,5 m2K/W (5,0 tog) and/or which do not have uniform thickness.
The test method is applicable to products with a thermal resistance within the range 0,025 m2K/W (0,25 tog) to approximately 0,5 m2K/W (5,0 tog) but is limited only by the ability of the test apparatus to cope with the thickness of the test sample.

This document specifies a set of properties relevant to the assessment of upholstery coated fabrics for indoor furniture and the appropriate test methods to determine these properties. It also describes a matrix system to express the material properties of an upholstery fabric.
This document applies to upholstery fabrics both in domestic and public use, except when used for the seats of road or railway vehicles, boats or aeroplanes.
This document applies to upholstery fabrics with a coating on the wear face.
This document does not apply to textile upholstery fabrics covered by EN 14465.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for reusable or single use community face coverings intended for the general public, covering the nose, mouth and chin (for minimum coverage area, see Figure 2) in order to reduce the risk of droplet/aerosol projection towards nearby people. These requirements include:
—   innocuousness,
—   design (including fit),
—   performance,
—   test methods,
—   marking,
—   packaging,
—   information for use.
Figure 2 — Community face coverings minimum coverage area (dark area)
These requirements are applicable to:
—   community face coverings made of one or multiple fabric layers (including woven, knitted, nonwoven), and including community face coverings with a removable filter in between the layers;
—   community face coverings including a transparent window which allows for the wearer's mouth and facial expressions to be seen, in order to facilitate full facial recognition, lip reading and/or sign language alongside other methods of communication (see A.6);
—   structured community face coverings including moulded plastic shells and rigid face coverings' components.
This document is not intended for community face coverings for children up to 4 years of age (it means until 3 years and 11 months) (see A.1).
This document is not intended for medical face masks (medical devices specified in EN 14683), nor for filtering masks to protect against particles (personal protective equipment specified in EN 149).
This document excludes impermeable nose and mouth shields (including visors) and face coverings incorporating inhalation and/or exhalation valve(s) (see A.2).

This document specifies a test method for measuring liquid sweat management properties of knitted, woven and nonwoven textile fabrics, namely buffering index, sweat transport and sweat uptake.

This document specifies a method of determining phthalates in textiles with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
This document is applicable to textile products where there is a risk of the presence of some phthalates.

This document specifies requirements for the management of farmed Angora rabbits in accordance with animal welfare principles.
This document applies to the management and control of critical activities in Angora rabbit farming, including accommodation, reproduction, feed and nutrients, health, fibre collection, ethical claims and supporting information.

This document specifies the requirements of the sweating manikin and the test procedure used to measure the water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble, as it becomes effective for the wearer in practical use in a defined environment, with the wearer either standing or moving. This water vapour resistance, among other parameters, can be used to determine the effect of clothing on the physiology of the wearer in specific climate/activity scenarios.

This document specifies a test method (using liquid chromatography, LC) for detection and quantification of selected extractable perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances in textile materials (fibres, yarns, fabrics) and coated fabrics.
NOTE 1 CEN/TR 16741 defines which materials are applicable to this determination.
A test method (using gas chromatography, GC) for detection and quantification of selected extractable perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances is specified in EN 17681-2.
NOTE 2 Both this document and EN 17681-2 are needed for the determination and totalization of the PFOA related substances.
Classes of regulated compounds are listed in Table 2. Classes of other non-regulated compounds that can be determined by this document are defined in Annex C, Table C.1. This document is also applicable for further PFAS substances provided that the method is validated with the additional compounds.
NOTE 3 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/784 amending Annex I to the POP Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 as regards the listing of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds defines among other that “’…PFOA-related compounds’ means the following: … any substances that degrade to PFOA, including any substances (including salts and polymers) having a linear or branched perfluoroheptyl group with the moiety (C7F15)C as one of the structural elements.” To determine whether these are intentionally present it could be necessary to introduce an alkaline hydrolysis method to remove the side-chain from the polymer. According to Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1297 [7], this applies similarly to C9-C14 PFCAs-related compounds. A future revision of this document will address this aspect.

This document specifies a test method (using gas chromatography, GC) for detection and quantification of selected extractable perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances in textile materials (fibres, yarns, fabrics) and coated fabrics.
NOTE 1 CEN/TR 16741 defines which materials are applicable to this determination.
A test method (using liquid chromatography, LC) for detection and quantification of selected extractable perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances is specified in EN 17681-1.
NOTE 2 Both this document and EN 17681-1 are needed for PFOA related substances.
Classes of regulated compounds are listed in Table 2. Classes of other non-regulated compounds that can be determined by this document are defined in Annex C, Table C.1. This document is also applicable for further PFAS substances provided that the method is validated with the additional compounds.
NOTE 3 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/784 amending Annex I to the POP Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 as regards the listing of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds defines among other that “’…PFOA-related compounds’ means the following: … any substances that degrade to PFOA, including any substances (including salts and polymers) having a linear or branched perfluoroheptyl group with the moiety (C7F15)C as one of the structural elements.” To determine whether these are intentionally present it could be necessary to introduce an alkaline hydrolysis method to remove the side-chain from the polymer. According to Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1297 [7], this applies similarly to C9-C14 PFCAs-related compounds. A future revision of this document will address this aspect.

1.1  This document specifies domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing. The procedures are applicable to textile fabrics, garments or other textile articles which are subjected to appropriate combinations of domestic washing and drying procedures. This document also specifies the reference detergents and ballasts for the procedures.
1.2  Provision is made for
a) 16 different washing procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type A: horizontal axis, front-loading type,
b) 12 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type B: vertical axis, top-loading agitator type, and
c) 7 procedures based on the use of the reference washing machine Type C: vertical axis, top-loading pulsator type.
1.3  Each washing procedure represents a single domestic wash.
1.4  This document also specifies six drying procedures: line dry, line drip dry, flat dry, flat drip dry, flat press, and tumble dry.
1.5  A complete test consists of a washing and drying procedure.
NOTE      Use of different parameters (washing machine type, detergent type and type of tumble dryer) can affect test results for any test using this document.

This document defines the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres, based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The term “man-made fibres” has been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form.
This document gives recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A).
NOTE      These rules have been introduced in the sixth edition of ISO 2076, and thus, they are not applicable to the existing generic names of the previous editions.

This document specifies a method for the determination of tear resistance based on the action of an active force applied to a notched test piece.
The test can be carried out on:
test pieces that have been conditioned in a standard atmosphere; or
test pieces that have undergone pre-treatment, e.g. water immersion.
The results obtained by this method cannot be compared with those obtained by methods involving constant rate of tear.

This document specifies two methods of evaluating the resistance of rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics to the action of liquids by measurement of selected properties of the materials before and after immersion in selected liquids.
The two methods are as follows:
—    Method A: total immersion with liquid;
—    Method B: one surface side immersion with liquid.

This document specifies a gravimetric method and a vibroscope method for the determination of the linear density of textile fibres applicable respectively to:
a)   bundles of fibres;
b)   individual fibres.
Useful data can be obtained on man-made fibres and, with less precision, on natural fibres.
This document only applies to fibres which can be kept straight and, in the case of bundles, parallel, during test preparation. It is properly applicable when the fibres are readily freed of crimp. The methods in this document are not applicable to tapered fibres.
The vibroscope method is not always applicable to hollow and flat (ribbon-like) fibres.

This document
—    establishes a system of graphical symbols, intended for use in the marking of workwear articles and protective clothing providing information on the suitability for professional industrial laundering using ISO 15797, and
—    specifies the use of these symbols in qualifying garments as potentially suitable for industrial laundering.
The following professional industrial laundering treatments are covered: washing, bleaching, tunnel finishing and tumble drying after washing. Textile-care treatments in dry and wet cleaning are covered in ISO 3175 (all parts).
This document applies to articles of workwear and protective clothing in the form in which they are supplied to the professional launderer.

This document specifies two separate methods for determining the resistance of a material to wet and dry abrasion.
It is applicable to the coated surface or surfaces of coated fabrics.
It does not apply to determining the abrasion behaviour of an uncoated surface of a coated fabric, for which the methods for uncoated textiles described in the ISO 12947 series apply.

This document specifies a method, using formic acid and zinc chloride, to determine the mass percentage of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of
—     viscose or certain types of the cupro or modal or lyocell fibres
with
—     flax fibres.
This document is not applicable to mixtures in which the flax fibre has suffered extensive chemical degradation, nor when the viscose, cupro, modal or lyocell fibre is rendered incompletely soluble by the presence of certain permanent finishes or reactive dyes that cannot be removed completely.

This document describes methods for the determination of compensation values for orthotropic coated fabrics (different properties along ideally perpendicular directions, such as the weft and warp yarns for woven based coated fabrics, or along the courses and wales of knitted based coated fabrics) for determining cutting patterns.
NOTE The final interpretation and the determination of the compensation values remains the responsibility of the project engineer.
Annex C describes a method to determine comparable measures of extensibility along ideally perpendicular directions of coated fabrics. The comparable measures of extensibility can be used by design engineers to assess the extensibility of a coated fabric by comparison with other coated fabrics. In this way, they can help to interpret results of compensation tests. Moreover, they can be used by material suppliers to measure the consistency of extensibility along perpendicular directions of a coated fabric from batch to batch.

This document specifies quantitative test methods to determine the antibacterial activity of all antibacterial textile products including nonwovens.
This document is applicable to all textile products, including cloth, wadding, thread and material for clothing, bedclothes, home furnishings and miscellaneous goods, regardless of the type of antibacterial agent used (organic, inorganic, natural or man-made) or the method of application (built-in, after-treatment or grafting).
This document covers three inoculation methods for the determination of antibacterial activity:
a) absorption method (an evaluation method in which the test bacterial suspension is inoculated directly onto specimens);
b) transfer method (an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on an agar plate and transferred onto specimens);
c) printing method (an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on a filter and printed onto specimens).
NOTE            Based on the intended application and on the environment in which the textile product is to be used, and also on the surface properties of the textile properties, the user can select the most suitable inoculation method.
This document also specifies the colony plate count method and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence method for measuring the enumeration of bacteria.

This document specifies a method for determining the angle of recovery of fabrics from creasing. The results obtained by this method for textile fabrics of very different kinds cannot be compared directly.