MT 3 - TC 106/MT 3

IEC 62232:2025 provides methods for the determination of RF field strength, power density and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of base stations (BS) for the purpose of evaluating human exposure.
This document:
a) considers intentionally radiating BS which transmit on one or more antennas using one or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 300 GHz;
b) considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to 300 GHz frequency range;
c) specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment applications, namely:
1) product compliance – determination of compliance boundary information for a BS product before it is placed on the market;
2) product installation compliance – determination of the total RF exposure levels in accessible areas from a BS product and other relevant sources before the product is put into operation;
3) in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the vicinity of a BS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
d) specifies how to perform RF exposure assessment based on the actual maximum approach;
e) describes several RF field strength, power density, and SAR measurement and computation methodologies with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of installed BS and laboratory-based evaluations;
f) describes how surveyors establish their specific evaluation procedures appropriate for their evaluation purpose;
g) provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different evaluation methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a justified decision against a limit value;
h) provides methods for the RF exposure assessment of BS using time-varying beam-steering technologies such as new radio (NR) BS using massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO).
NOTE 1 Practical implementation case studies are provided as examples in the companion Technical Report IEC TR 62669 [5].
NOTE 2 Although the current BS product types have been specified to operate up to 200 GHz (see, for example, [6] and [7]), the upper frequency of 300 GHz is consistent with applicable exposure limits.
NOTE 3 The lower frequency considered for ambient sources, 100 kHz, is derived from ICNIRP-1998 [2] and ICNIRP-2020 [1]. However, some applicable exposure guidelines require ambient fields to be evaluated as low as 3 kHz, e.g. Safety Code 6 [4] and IEEE Std C95.1-2019 [3].
NOTE 4 Specification of appropriate RF exposure mitigation measures such as signage, access control, and training are beyond the scope of this document. It is possible to refer to the applicable regulations or recommended practices on these topics.
NOTE 5 While this document is based on the current international consensus about the best engineering practice for assessing the compliance of RF exposure with the applicable exposure limits, it is possible that national regulatory agencies specify different requirements. The entity conducting an RF exposure assessment needs to be aware of the applicable regulations.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2022. It includes corrections of obvious errors and text improvements on the third edition in order to bring more clarity in the description of the assessment methods and avoid misinterpretations. This edition has the same technical content as the third edition.

IEC 62232:2022 addresses the evaluation of RF field strength, power density and specific absorption rate (SAR) levels in the vicinity of base stations (BS), also called products or equipment under test (EUT), intentionally radiating in the radio frequency (RF) range 110 MHz to 300 GHz in accordance with the scope, see Clause 1. It does not address the evaluation of current density.
RF exposure evaluation methods to be used for product compliance, product installation compliance and in-situ RF exposure assessments are specified in this document. Exposure limits are not specified in this document. The entity conducting RF exposure assessments refers to the set of exposure limits applicable where exposure takes place. Examples of applicable exposure limits considered in this document are provided in the Bibliography, for example ICNIRP-2020 [1], ICNIRP-1998 [2], IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 [3] and Safety Code 6 [4].

IEC/TR 62669:2019(E) is a Technical Report. This document presents a series of case studies in which electromagnetic (EM) fields are evaluated in accordance with IEC 62232:2017. The case studies presented in this document involve intentionally radiating base stations (BS). The BS transmit on one or more antennas using one or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 100 GHz and RF exposure assessments take into account the contribution of ambient sources at least in the 100 kHz to 300 GHz frequency range.
Each case study has been chosen to illustrate a typical BS evaluation scenario and employs the methods detailed in IEC 62232:2017. The case studies are provided for guidance only and are not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the requirements of IEC 62232:2017. Based on the lessons learned from each case study, recommendations about RF assessment topics to be considered in the next revision of IEC 62232 are proposed. The methodologies and approaches described in this document are useful for the assessment of early 5G products introduced for consumer trials or deployments.
This document provides background and rationale for applying a compliance approach based on the actual maximum transmitted power or EIRP. Guidance for collecting and analysing information about the transmitted power of a base station and evaluating its actual maximum RF exposure based on modelling studies or measurement studies on operational sites (in networks, sub-networks or field trials) is also presented.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
Keywords: Human Exposure, Wireless Communication Devices, RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of radiocommunication base stations

IEC 62232:2017 provides methods for the determination of radio-frequency (RF) field strength and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of radiocommunication base stations (RBS) for the purpose of evaluating human exposure. This document:
- considers intentionally radiating RBS which transmit on one or more antennas using one or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 100 GHz;
- considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to 300 GHz frequency range;
- specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment applications, namely:
- product compliance - determination of compliance boundary information for an RBS product before it is placed on the market;
- product installation compliance - determination of the total RF exposure levels in accessible areas from an RBS product and other relevant sources before the product is put into service;
- in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the vicinity of an RBS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
- describes several RF field strength and SAR measurement and computation methodologies with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of installed RBS and laboratory-based evaluations;
- describes how surveyors, with a sufficient level of expertise, establish their specific evaluation procedures appropriate for their evaluation purpose;
- provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different evaluation methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a justified decision against a limit value and
- provides short descriptions of the informative example case studies given in the companion Technical Report IEC TR 62669]
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011 and constitutes a technical revision.