A - Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods

Specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity of mineral insulating oils, both transparent and opaque, at very low temperatures, after a cold soaking period of at least 20 h, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity throught a calibrated glass capillary viscometer.  Applies at all temperatures to both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids having viscosities of up to 20 000 mm2/s.

CISPR TR 16-3:2020 is available as CISPR TR 16-3:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
CISPR 16-3:2020 is a collection of technical reports (Clause 4) that serve as background and supporting information for the various other standards and technical reports in CISPR 16 series. In addition, background information is provided on the history of CISPR, as well as a historical reference on the measurement of interference power from household and similar appliances in the VHF range (Clause 5). Over the years, CISPR prepared a number of recommendations and reports that have significant technical merit but were not generally available. Reports and recommendations were for some time published in CISPR 7 and CISPR 8. At its meeting in Campinas, Brazil, in 1988, CISPR subcommittee A agreed on the table of contents of CISPR 16-3, and to publish the reports for posterity by giving the reports a permanent place in CISPR 16-3. With the reorganization of CISPR 16 in 2003, the significance of CISPR limits material was moved to CISPR 16-4-3, whereas recommendations on statistics of disturbance complaints and on the report on the determination of limits were moved to CISPR 16‑4-4:2007. The contents of Amendment 1 (2002) of CISPR 16-3:2000 were moved to CISPR 16-4-1. NOTE As a consolidated collection of independent technical reports, this document can contain symbols that have differing meanings from one clause to the next. Attempts have been made to minimize this to the extent possible at the time of editing. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main technical change with respect to the previous edition consists of the addition of detailed background information on the large loop antenna system (LLAS) and its measurement method in general and on the models and equations which apply to calculate the reference validation factor and conversion factor curves.

CISPR 16-1-1: 2019 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. In addition, requirements are provided for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-1 is a basic electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of a basic EMC standard. CISPR and its subcommittee are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The specifications in this document apply to electromagnetic interference (EMI) receivers and spectrum analyzers. The term “measuring receiver” used in this document refers to both EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers (see also 3.7). The calibration requirements for measuring receivers are detailed in Annex J. Further guidance on the use of spectrum analyzers can be found in Annex B of any one of the following documents: CISPR 16-2-1:2014, CISPR 16-2-2:2010, or CISPR 16-2-3: 2016.This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Refer to the Foreword of the document for a complete listing of the technical changes from the previous edition.
Keywords: measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz

CISPR 16-1-4:2019 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of CISPR 16.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2012 and Amendment 2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
• provisions are added to address test site validation in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1000 MHz using the reference site method, to take into account the receive antenna radiation pattern in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz, and further details on test site validation using the NSA method with broadband antennas in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
Keywords: radiated disturbances, frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz

Gives requirements applying to the temporary electricalinstallations in exhibitions, shows and stands (including mobile and portable displays and equipment) to protect users.

Contains the requirements for 4 types of pressure-sensitive tapes made of polyimide film.  Products having nominal thicknesses from 0,020 mm to 0,055 mm, thermal indices from 155 to 180 with acrylic crosslinked and silicone thermosetting adhesives.

CISPR 16-2-3:2016 is available as CISPR 16-2-3:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
CISPR 16-2-3:2016 specifies the methods of measurement of radiated disturbance phenomena in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 18 GHz. The aspects of measurement uncertainty are specified in CISPR 16-4-1 and CISPR 16-4-2. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, "Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications". This fourth edition edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, its Amendment 1:2010 and its Amendment 2:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

Applies to fittings for overhead lines of nominal voltage above 45 kV. It may also be applied to fittings for overhead lines of lower nominal voltage and to similar fittings for substations.[
]The contents of the corrigendum of September 1998 have been included in this copy.

CISPR 16-1-5:2014 specifies the requirements for calibration sites in the frequency range 5 MHz to 18 GHz used to perform antenna calibrations according to CISPR 16-1-6. It also specifies the requirements for reference test sites that are used for the validation of compliance test sites in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz according to CISPR 16-1-4. It has the status of a basic EMC standard in accordance with IEC Guide 107. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4. Further information and background on uncertainties in general is given in CISPR 16-4, which can also be helpful in establishing uncertainty estimates for the calibration processes of antennas and site validation measurements. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, and its Amendment 1 (2012). It constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- site validation methods for other sites covered in CISPR 16-1-6 are added;
- smaller step sizes are specified for swept frequency measurements;
- the minimum ground plane size is increased;
- and other miscellaneous technical and editorial refinements are included. Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility
The contents of the corrigendum 1 of August 2020 have been included in this copy.

CISPR 16-1-6:2014 provides procedures and supporting information for the calibration of antennas for determining antenna factors (AF) that are applicable to antennas intended for use in radiated disturbance measurements. It has the status of a basic EMC Standard in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic compatibility. The AF of an antenna is influenced by nearby surroundings and by its position in space relative to the radiating source. This standard focuses on antenna calibrations that provide the AF in a free-space environment in the direction of the boresight of the antenna. The frequency range addressed is 9 kHz to 18 GHz. The relevant antenna types covered in this standard are monopole, loop, dipole, biconical, log-periodic dipole-array (LPDA), hybrid and horn antennas. Guidance is also provided on measurement uncertainties associated with each calibration method and configuration, and the test instrumentation used.

CISPR 16-1-2:2014 is available as CISPR 16-1-2:2014 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
CISPR 16-1-2:2014 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance voltages and currents in the frequency range 9 kHz to 1 GHz. It has the status of a basic EMC publication. Specifications for ancillary apparatus are included for artificial mains networks, current and voltage probes and coupling units for current injection on cables. It is intended that the requirements of this publication are fulfilled at all frequencies and for all levels of radio disturbance voltages and currents within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series, and further information on radio disturbance is given in CISPR 16-3, while uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in the CISPR 16-4 series. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003 and its Amendment 1 (2004) and Amendment 2 (2006). This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- requirements from CISPR 22 for the AAN have been copied to this standard;
- and the CDNE for measurement of disturbance voltage in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz is added. Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility,coupling, asymetric artificial network, coupling decoupling network equipment

CISPR 16-2-1:2014 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz. With a CDNE, the frequency range is 9 kHz to 300 Hz. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008, Amendment 1:2010 and Amendment 2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes added methods of measurement using a new type of ancillary equipment: the CDNE. Key Words: electromagnetic compatibility, EMC, emissions, immunity
The contents of the corrigendum 1 of August 2020 have been included in this copy.

CISPR 17:2011 specifies methods to measure the radio interference suppression characteristics of passive EMC filtering devices used in power and signal lines, and in other circuits. The defined methods may also be applied to combinations of over-voltage protection devices and EMC filtering devices. The measurement method covers the frequency range from 9 kHz to several GHz depending on the device and test circuit. The standard describes procedures for laboratory tests (type tests) as well as factory tests. The suppression characteristics of EMC filters and components used for the suppression of EM disturbances, are a function of numerous variables such as impedance of the circuits to which they connect, operating voltage and current, and ambient temperature. This standard specifies uniform test methods that will enable comparison of filtering and suppression characteristics determined by test laboratories or specified by manufacturers. Measurement procedures are provided for unbiased and bias conditions. Measurements under bias conditions are performed to determine potential non-linear behaviour of the EMC filtering devices such as saturation effects in inductors with magnetic cores. This testing serves to show the usability in a specific application (such as frequency converters that produce high amplitudes of common mode pulse current and thus may drive inductors into saturation). Measurement under bias conditions may be omitted if the non-linear behaviour can be determined by other methods (e.g. separate saturation measurement of the inductors used). The first edition of CISPR 17 (1981) prescribed the measurement methods of insertion loss mainly for power-line filters. Today, however, many types of sophisticated EMC filters and suppression components can be found in various electronic devices. Those filters need to be characterized using standardized measurement methods. New methods for measurement of impedance and S-parameters for such EMI devices are included in this second edition.

CISPR 16-4-2:2011 is a basic EMC publication. It specifies the method of applying Measurement Instrumentation Uncertainty (MIU) when determining compliance with CISPR disturbance limits. The material is also relevant to any EMC test when interpretation of the results and conclusions reached will be impacted by the uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation used during testing. This second edition includes significant technical additions about methods of conducted disturbance measurements on mains and communication ports and about methods of radiated disturbance measurements using a FAR in the ranges of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and of 1 GHz to 18 GHz. The annexes contain the background material used in providing the amount of MIU found in generating the CISPR values shown in the main document and hence provide valuable background material for those needing both initial and further information on MIU and how to take individual uncertainties in the measurement chain into account. The annexes, however, are not intended to be a tutorial or user manual or to be copied when making uncertainty calculations. For that purpose, the references shown in the bibliography, or other widely recognized documents, may be used. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in the CISPR 16-1 series, while the methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series. Further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances is given in CISPR 16-3. The other parts of the CISPR 16-4 series contain further information on uncertainties in general, statistics and limit modelling. The contents of the corrigendum of April 2013 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61000-4-22:2010 considers immunity tests and emission measurements for electric and/or electronic equipment. Only radiated phenomena are considered. It establishes the required test procedures for using fully anechoic rooms for performing radiated immunity testing and radiated emission measurements. IEC 61000-4-22:2010 establishes a common validation procedure, equipment under test (EUT) set-up requirements, and measurement methods for fully anechoic rooms (FARs) when both radiated electromagnetic emission measurements and radiated electromagnetic immunity tests will be performed in the same FAR. As a basic measurement standard, this part of IEC 61000 does not intend to specify the test levels or emission limits to be applied to particular apparatus or system(s). Its main goal is to provide general measurement procedures to all concerned product committees of IEC or CISPR. Specific product requirements and test conditions are defined by the responsible product committees. The methods described in this standard are appropriate for radiated emission measurements and immunity tests in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 18 GHz. IEC 61000-4-22:2010 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.

CISPR/TR 16-3:2010(E) is a collection of technical reports that serve as background and supporting information for the various other standards and technical reports in CISPR 16 series. In addition, background information is provided on the history of CISPR, as well as a historical reference on the measurement of interference power from household and similar appliances in the VHF range. Over the years, CISPR prepared a number of recommendations and reports that have significant technical merit but were not generally available. Reports and recommendations were for some time published in CISPR 7 and CISPR 8. At its meeting in Campinas, Brazil, in 1988, CISPR subcommittee A agreed on the table of contents of Part 3, and to publish the reports for posterity by giving the reports a permanent place in Part 3. With the reorganization of CISPR 16 in 2003, the significance of CISPR limits material was moved to CISPR 16-4-3, whereas recommendations on statistics of disturbance complaints and on the report on the determination of limits were moved to CISPR 16 4-4. The contents of Amendment 1 (2002) of CISPR 16-3 were moved to CISPR 16-4-1. This third edition of CISPR 16-3 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003, and its Amendments 1 (2005) and 2 (2006). It is a technical revision. The main technical change with respect to the previous edition consist of the addition of a new clause to provide background information on FFT instrumentation.

CISPR 16-2-2:2010 specifies the methods of measurement of disturbance power using the absorbing clamp in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (2003), its Amendment 1 (2004) and Amendment 2 (2005). It constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: provisions for the use of spectrum analyzers for compliance measurements (Annex D) and the use of FFT-based test instrumentation (Clauses 3, 6 and 8) are now included. CISPR 16-2-2:2010 has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.

CISPR/TR 16-4-1:2009 gives guidance on the treatment of uncertainties to those who are involved in the development or modification of CISPR electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. In addition, this part provides useful background information for those who apply the standards and the uncertainty aspects in practice. The objectives of this part are to:
a) identify the parameters or sources governing the uncertainty associated with the statement that a given product complies with the requirement specified in a CISPR recommendation. This uncertainty will be called "standards compliance uncertainty";
b) give guidance on the estimation of the magnitude of the standards compliance uncertainty;
c) give guidance for the implementation of the standards compliance uncertainty into the compliance criterion of a CISPR standardised compliance test.
As such, this part can be considered as a handbook that can be used by standards writers to incorporate and harmonise uncertainty considerations in existing and future CISPR standards. This part also gives guidance to regulatory authorities, accreditation bodies and test engineers to judge the performance quality of an EMC test-laboratory carrying out CISPR standardised compliance tests. The uncertainty considerations given in this part can also be used as guidance when comparing test results (and their uncertainties) obtained by using different alternative test methods. The uncertainty of a compliance test also relates to the probability of occurrence of an electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem in practice. This aspect is recognized and introduced briefly in this part. However, the problem of relating uncertainties of a compliance test to the occurrence of EMI in practice is not considered within the scope of this part. The scope of this part is limited to all the relevant uncertainty considerations of a standardized EMC compliance test. This second edition of CISPR 16-4-1 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, and its Amendments 1 (2004) and 2 (2007). It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. The provisions available for application of uncertainties in the determination of the compliance criterion are explained more generally and a procedure is added for re-testing an approved EUT by another test house.

This Technical Report deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products. The reasons for such statistical considerations are: a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved shall not cause interference; b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances; c that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical techniques have to be applied; d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same way in every country; e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries. Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission or immunity requirements. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2004) and its amendment 1 (2006). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

This Technical Report specifies a method to enable product committees to develop limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits. This method is generally applicable for all kinds of disturbance measurements, but focuses on radiated disturbance measurements (i.e. field strength), for which several alternative methods are presently specified. These limits development methods are intended for use by product committees and other groups responsible for defining emissions limits in situations where it is decided to use alternative test methods and the associated limits in product standards.

This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the characteristics and calibration of the absorbing clamp for the measurement of radio disturbance power in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. It constitutes a technical revision. In this edition a more detailed calibration method for the absorbing clamp is specified. Furthermore, new alternative calibration methods are introduced which are more practicable than the one which was specified previously. Additional parameters to describe the absorbing clamp are defined, like the decoupling factor for the broadband absorber (DF) and the decoupling factor for the current transformer (DR), along with their validation methods. A procedure for the validation of the absorbing clamp test site (ACTS) is also included in the document. The contents of the corrigendum of February 2006 have been included in this copy.

This Technical Report deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products. The reasons for such statistical considerations are: a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved shall not cause interference; b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances; c) that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical techniques have to be applied; d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same way in every country; e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries. Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission or immunity requirements.

This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of measurement of immunity to EMC phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. CISPR 16-2 has been reorganised into 4 parts, to accommodate growth and easier maintenance. This first edition of CISPR 16-2-4, together with CISPR 16-2-1, CISPR 16-2-2 and CISPR 16-2-3, cancels and replaces the second edition of CISPR 16-2, published in 2003. It contains the relevant clauses of CISPR 16-2 without technical changes.