ISO/TC 4 - Rolling bearings

This document specifies the calculation of the effective static safety factor under consideration of tilt or misalignment, operating clearance of the bearing, and internal load distribution on rolling elements. The calculation method provided in this document covers influencing parameters in addition to those described in ISO 76. The directions and limitations given in ISO 76 and ISO 20056-2 apply to this document. The calculation method pertains to the static safety factor of the bearings. Other mechanisms of failure, like false brinelling, fatigue life, wear or microspalling (gray-staining), lie outside the scope of this document. This document applies to single and multi-row radial and thrust ball and roller bearings, subjected to radial and axial load and with radial clearance and tilt taken into account. References to methods for the analysis of the internal load distribution under general load are given. The analysis of effective static safety factor for multi-row bearings or bearings of a more complex geometry can be derived from the formulae given in this document. For these bearings, the load distribution for each individual row is considered. The calculation of effective static safety factor is also applicable to hybrid bearings, using the static load ratings according to ISO 20056-2.

This document defines the calculation of the modified reference rating life taking into consideration lubrication, contamination, and fatigue load limit of the bearing material, as well as tilting or misalignment, operating clearance of the bearing and internal load distribution on rolling elements. The calculation method provided in this document covers influencing parameters additional to those described in ISO 281. The general directions and limitations given in ISO 281 apply to this document. The calculation methods pertain to the fatigue life of the bearings. Other mechanisms of failure, like wear or microspalling (gray-staining), lie outside the scope of this document. This document applies to single- and multi-row radial and thrust ball bearings, subjected to radial and axial load and with radial clearance and tilt taken into account. It also applies to single- and multi-row radial and thrust roller bearings, subjected to radial and axial load and with radial clearance, edge stress and tilt taken into account. References to methods for the analysis of the internal load distribution under general load are given. The calculation of load distribution and basic reference rating life is also applicable to hybrid bearings, using the dynamic load ratings per ISO 20056-1[2]. The calculation of the modified reference rating life is not applicable to hybrid bearings.

This document defines common terms and symbols associated with geometrical product specifications (GPS) for use in the field of rolling bearings. This document gives requirements and recommendations on the transformation of GPS into figures and tables. This document includes the rules for the representation of symbols, tolerance values, limits of size, limit deviations and limit values for rolling bearings derived from GPS indications according to, for example, ISO 1101[7] and ISO 14405-1[13], including indications in textual documents and on technical drawings.

This document specifies procedures and equipment for cleanliness inspections of rolling bearings. It describes, in particular, test methods and assessment techniques. This document is applicable to the test and assessment of various types of open bearings and capped bearings before grease filling, as well as the test and assessment of rolling bearing parts. This document is not applicable for linear motion rolling bearings.

This document establishes terms, descriptions and characteristics and provides typical photos of specified surface imperfections which can be found on finished silicon nitride rolling elements. Rolling elements refer to balls and rollers. Imperfections defined in this document correspond to patterns found on finished rolling elements before use. Deviations for the geometric product specifications (GPS) are not addressed in this document. This document does not give criteria for the acceptance limits of these imperfections. The identification of an imperfection is done between the different actors involved in the manufacturing, assembly or final use of the silicon nitride parts, depending on the technical specifications and the criticality of the application.

This document specifies designs, dimensions, tolerances and technical requirements of spherical plain bearings rod ends for hydraulic fluid power cylinders. The specified tolerance values apply to finished spherical plain bearing rod ends before any coating, plating, ring splitting or fracturing.

This document specifies dimensional characteristics, deviation limits from nominal values, and tolerance values to define the interface (except chamfers) of thrust rolling bearings. Nominal boundary dimensions are defined in ISO 104[1]. This document is not applicable to certain thrust bearings (e.g. thrust needle roller bearings) or for particular fields of application (e.g. special thrust precision bearings). Tolerances for such bearings are given in the relevant International Standards. Chamfer dimension limits are given in ISO 582[3].

This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, deviation limits from nominal sizes, and tolerance values to define the interface (except chamfers) of radial rolling bearings. Nominal boundary dimensions are defined in ISO 15, ISO 355[2] and ISO 8443[4]. This document does not apply to certain radial bearings of particular types (e.g. needle roller bearings) or for particular fields of application (e.g. airframe bearings). Tolerances for such bearings are given in the relevant International Standards. Chamfer dimension limits are given in ISO 582[3].

This document defines terms applied in the field of rolling bearings and their technology. This document includes terms related to all types of rolling bearings wherein the principal degree of freedom is continuous rotation around an axis enabled by an ordered set of rolling elements between two circular raceways such that loads can be transmitted between them in a particular range of either radial or axial directions, or both. This document also includes accessories to these products. The following types of terms are not included: — terms specified in ISO 76, ISO 281 and ISO 1132-1; — terms which are narrowly applied in only one specialized rolling bearing International Standard.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions and normal class tolerance values for needle roller bearings with machined rings. This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, and limit deviations from nominal sizes. These specifications apply to complete needle roller bearings and to bearings without inner ring.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions and preferred dimensions to be used for drawn cup needle roller bearings without inner ring as well as the minimum chamfer dimension limits. This document also specifies the closed end thickness dimensions for bearings with one closed end. In addition, this document specifies dimensional tolerances for the needle roller complement bore diameter and tolerances for the drawn cup width.

This document establishes the means to achieve an electronic representation of rolling bearing data by providing a reference dictionary needed to describe various data about rolling bearings together with their descriptive properties and domains of values in various International Standards relevant to rolling bearings. This document is intended to facilitate the use, manipulation and exchange of rolling bearing data, for example, manufacturing, distribution and usage. This document specifies a reference dictionary that contains: — a definition of a general class of bearings intended to be further extended by reference dictionaries specifying bearings in other International Standards; — definitions and identifications of the classes of rolling bearings as they are described in the various International Standards relevant to rolling bearings, with associated classification scheme; — definitions and identifications of data element types that represent properties of rolling bearings; — definitions and identifications of domains of values that prove useful for describing the above-mentioned data element types. Each class, property or domain of values of this application domain constitutes an entry of the reference dictionary defined in this document. It is associated with a computer-sensible and a human-readable definition, and with a computer-sensible identification. Identification of a dictionary entry allows for unambiguous reference from any application. Definitions and identifications of dictionary entries are defined by means of standard data, which consist of instances of the EXPRESS entity data types defined in the common dictionary schema and in their extensions defined in ISO 13584-25. Identification dictionary is given in Annex A. The following are within the scope of this document: — standard data that represent the classes of rolling bearings; — standard data that represent the properties of rolling bearings; — standard data that represent domains of values used for properties of rolling bearings. The following are outside of the scope of this document: — methodology for structuring parts families used for specifying standard data defined in this document; — an implementation method by which the standard data defined in this document can be exchanged. NOTE 1 The structure of the physical file used for exchanging the standard data defined in this document is specified in ISO 10303‑21. NOTE 2 The physical file used for exchanging the standard data is compliant with ISO 13584-42:2010. NOTE 3 It is intended to provide an OntoML-based (XML) representation of the standard data when ISO 13584-32 (OntoML) is published. This document does not establish the reference dictionaries for linear motion rolling bearings and spherical plain bearings.

This document specifies flange dimensions of single-row radial ball bearings with flanged outer ring and single-row angular contact ball bearings with flanged outer ring. All other boundary dimensions for complete bearings are given in ISO 15. Tolerances for the flanges are given in ISO 492.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions for radial needle roller and cage assemblies. In addition, this document gives the tolerances for the cage width and method of functional gauging of bore diameter of needle roller complement. Informative values for the tolerances of shaft raceway, housing raceway and raceway widths are given in Annex A. Functional gauging of radial needle roller and cage assembly is given in Annex B.

This document specifies supplementary background information regarding the derivation of formulae and factors given in ISO 76:2006.

This document specifies nominal boundary dimensions, geometrical product specifications (GPS) and tolerance values for finished steel cylindrical rollers for rolling bearings. The maximum roller diameter is 40 mm. Annexes A and B give the sorting principles for roller diameter and roller length tolerances and gauges, respectively.

This document specifies dimensions and tolerances of retaining slots to be used for outer rings of single-row angular contact ball bearings, four-point-contact ball bearings and radial cylindrical roller bearings. The retaining slots are not suitable for use in the outer rings of sealed and shielded radial ball bearings, nor in the outer rings of radial cylindrical roller bearings without ribs.

This document specifies requirements for the design, construction, safety, performance and acceptance testing of windlasses and anchor capstans. This document is applicable to windlasses and anchor capstans of sea-going vessels, which have an electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or external drive, of the following types: — symmetrical double cable-lifter windlasses (type 1); — single cable-lifter windlasses (type 2); — single cable-lifter windlass units (types 3 and 4); — anchor capstans (type 5); — double cable-lifter windlasses with connecting shaft (type 6). For combined windlasses/mooring winches, ISO 3730 is applicable in addition to this document. NOTE Attention is drawn to the requirements of relevant Classification Societies or the government of the state whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions and tolerances for thrust needle roller and cage assemblies. Furthermore, it recommends dimensions and tolerances for thrust washers, i.e. raceway members, which can be used either as shaft or housing washers. Annex A gives general characteristics for application of thrust needle roller and cage assemblies and thrust washers. Gauging method for thrust needle roller and cage assemblies and thrust washers is given in Annex B.

This document specifies a method for evaluating the resistance of a lubricating grease to washout by water from a bearing, when tested at 38 °C or 79 °C under specified laboratory test conditions. This test method estimates the resistance of greases to washout from ball bearings under specified conditions. No formal correlation with field service has been established so far. This document is used for development and specification purposes. NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.

This document specifies supplementary background information regarding the derivation of mathematical expressions and factors given in ISO 281:2007.

This document specifies the nominal diameters and nominal leads, mounting dimensions for ball screw nuts and mounting bolts for metric ball screws. It also gives preferred combinations of nominal diameter and nominal lead and a general plan which includes the additional combinations to be used when it becomes necessary to deviate from the preferred combinations.

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method MQ.

This document specifies: — basic principles, testing assembly and the test machine for noise testing of rolling bearing greases; — symbols used in the test methods BQ+, MQ and NQ. This document is applicable for testing rolling bearing greases, especially of unused grease. NOTE Suitable greases are greases of NLGI classes 1 to 3 according to DIN 51818[6]. Suitable greases for lubrication of rolling bearings are especially greases according to ISO 12924. The test method according to this document delivers meaningful results for rolling bearings; however, it can also be applied for greases in similar applications[12][13].

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method NQ.

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method BQ+.

This document specifies several methods for the empirical estimation of the consistency of lubricating greases and petrolatum by measuring the penetration of a standardized cone.

This document gives supplementary background information regarding the derivation of factors given in ISO 20015.

This document specifies methods for obtaining samples of lubricating grease from production lots or shipments and gives instructions for inspecting greases in sales packages.

This document specifies the dimensional and geometrical characteristics, boundary dimensions and tolerances of insert bearings and eccentric locking collars and the radial internal clearances of insert bearings.

This document specifies a classification, technical requirements and test methods, as well as designation, marking and documentation requirements for mooring positioning windlasses and winches of mobile offshore floating units, including drill-ships, semi-submersible drilling rigs, production platforms and offshore accommodation platforms. It can be used as a reference for ship-shifting positioning winches of pipelaying, crane and pile-driving vessels. This document is applicable to the design, manufacturing and acceptance testing of mooring positioning windlasses and winches.

This document specifies bearing and subunit boundary dimensions for complete single-row and double-row tapered roller bearings. It also specifies the flange dimensions of flanged outer rings for a selection of these bearings. A series designation for each bearing is also specified.

This document specifies the requirements for the profiles, dimensions, tolerances, materials and inspection of chain wheels for chains on mobile offshore units. Chain wheels meeting the requirements of this document can be used with offshore mooring chains conforming to ISO 20438.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions, other relevant dimensions and the corresponding tolerances of accessories for sleeve type linear ball bearings which are specified in ISO 10285. This document applies to: — the following housings: — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 1 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — closed and adjustable flanged housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open flanged housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open and open adjustable flangeless housings for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — the following shaft support rails: — standard height shaft support rails for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — low height shaft support rails for series 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — the following shaft support blocks: — flanged shaft support blocks for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — flangeless shaft support blocks for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — solid and tubular shafts for series 1 and 3 sleeve type linear ball bearings.

This document specifies the boundary dimensions, other relevant dimensions and the corresponding tolerances of accessories for sleeve type linear ball bearings which are specified in ISO 10285. This document applies to: — the following housings: — closed and adjustable flangeless housings for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings, — open and open adjustable flangeless housings for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — standard height shaft support rails for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — flanged shaft support blocks for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings; — solid and tubular shafts for series 5 sleeve type linear ball bearings.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the strength of finished ceramic balls for ball bearings, preferably made of silicon nitride (Si3N4), with ball diameters from 3 mm to 50 mm. NOTE 1 ISO 26602 specifies the requirements for preprocessed silicon nitride materials for rolling bearing balls. ISO 3290-2 specifies requirements for finished silicon nitride balls for rolling bearings. NOTE 2 Other test methods to determine ceramic ball strength can be found in Reference [7]. The results of the strength tests slightly depend on the Poisson's ratio. For this reason, all calculations are restricted to a Poisson's ratio ranging from 0,15 to 0,35. This includes the Poisson's ratio of a typical silicon nitride ceramic used as rolling element in ball bearings. The method can also be used for rolling bearing balls made of other ceramic materials, but the reported prefactors may not be valid. NOTE 3 Poisson's ratio of isotropic materials can be determined by one of the methods given in ISO 17561. Because of the (defect controlled) brittle fracture behaviour of ceramic materials, a significant scatter of individual results in the characterization of a series of nominally identical samples can occur. NOTE 4 A further statistical analysis according to ISO 20501 can be carried out.

This document specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for finished steel needle rollers used as rolling elements.

This document specifies dimensional characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for needle roller bearing track rollers, yoke and stud types.

ISO 12297-2:2018 specifies dimensional and geometrical characteristics, nominal boundary dimensions and tolerance values for finished silicon nitride cylindrical rollers for rolling bearings. Annexes A and B give the sorting principles for roller diameter and roller length tolerances and gauges, respectively. Annex C gives examples of imperfection types and methods of inspection.

ISO 15312:2018 defines the thermal speed rating for oil bath lubricated rolling bearings and defines calculation principles for the determination of this parameter. The parameter determined in accordance with this document applies to rolling bearings of the given series and sizes of standard design or of a design that, from a frictional point of view, can be related to a standard design bearing. In most cases of standard assembly, the permissible temperature determines the maximum operating speed. Heating of the assembly is then generated by the bearing. Thrust ball bearings are excluded from this document as kinematic effects do not allow the thermal speed rating defined in this document to be applied. NOTE 1 In Annex A mean values for the coefficients f0r and f1r are given ? f0r for calculating viscous losses of oil bath lubricated bearings and f1r for calculating frictional losses of bearings. NOTE 2 Explanatory notes on the limiting criterion are given in Annex B. NOTE 3 In Annex C the reference conditions for grease lubrication are defined. The reference conditions are chosen such that the thermal speed rating for grease lubrication is identical to that for oil bath lubrication.

ISO 20056-2:2017 specifies methods of calculating the static load ratings for hybrid bearings with bearing rings made of contemporary, commonly used, high quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice, and a full set of rolling elements made of silicon nitride (Si3N4) in contemporary, commonly used material and manufacturing quality. For balls, ISO 26602,[4] together with ISO 3290‑2,[1] is applicable. For rollers, ISO 12297‑2[2] is applicable, and ISO 26602[4] is applicable in an analogous way. For applications where hybrid bearings are used, guideline values of the static safety factor, S0, according to Table 1 and Table 2 are observed.

ISO 20056-1:2017 specifies methods of calculating the dynamic load ratings for hybrid bearings with bearing rings made of contemporary, commonly used, high quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice and rolling elements made from silicon nitride in contemporary, commonly used, high material and manufacturing quality and surface finish. For balls, ISO 26602[6] together with ISO 3290‑2[2] are applicable. For rollers, ISO 12297‑2[3] is applicable and ISO 26602[6] is applicable in an analogous way.

ISO 7825 specifies the characteristics common to all deck machinery of any type not detailed in the relevant specific International Standards. ISO 7825 is applicable to ships in all navigation zones.

ISO 15242-4:2017 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface, under established measurement conditions.

ISO 20015:2017 specifies methods of calculating the static load rating and the dynamic load rating for spherical plain bearings within the size ranges shown in ISO 12240-1, ISO 12240-2 and ISO 12240-3. Rod ends according to ISO 12240-4 are excluded.

This document specifies vibration measuring methods for double-row radial spherical roller bearings
and single-row and double-row radial tapered roller bearings, with cylindrical bore and outside surface
and a contact angle up to and including 45°, under established measuring conditions.

ISO 15:2017 specifies preferred boundary dimensions for radial bearings of the diameter series 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.