ISO/TC 38/SC 1 - Tests for coloured textiles and colorants

This document specifies the test method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds to rubbing off and staining other materials using convex specimen stage (Gakushin test method). Two test methods are specified, one with a dry rubbing cloth and one with a wet rubbing cloth. This document is applicable to textiles made from all kinds of fibres in the form of yarn or fabric, including textile floor coverings and other pile fabrics, whether dyed or printed.

This document specifies a method for determining the colour fastness and ageing properties of all kinds and forms of dyed and printed textiles and/or other organic substrates under the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65), and under the simultaneous action of heat. Of the five different sets of exposure conditions specified (see 7.1.1), four use D65, and the other one uses a somewhat lower cut-off wavelength. The test method gives special consideration to the light and heat conditions that occur in the interior of a motor vehicle. The five different sets of conditions using the different optical filter systems specified can produce different test results. Results from tests performed using different apparatus (instrument types) for the same set of conditions and optical filter system are not comparable because comparable performance has not been validated

This document describes the grey scale for determining staining of adjacent fabrics in colour fastness tests, and its use. A precise colorimetric specification of the scale is given as a permanent record against which newly prepared working standards and standards that may have changed can be compared.

ISO 105-B03:2017 specifies a method intended for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds except loose fibres to the action of weather as determined by outdoor exposure. NOTE General information on colour fastness to light is given in Annex A.

ISO 105-G01:2016 specifies two methods for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of nitrogen oxides produced during combustion of gas, coal, oil, etc., and when air is passed over heated filaments. The two tests differ in severity; one or both of them are used, depending on the result obtained (7.2.4).

ISO 105-G04:2016 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles to the action of nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere at elevated temperatures and high relative humidities. For testing at lower humidities, see ISO 105‑G01.

ISO 105-D02:2016 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms, except loose fibre, to the combined action of rubbing and of organic solvents used in spot-cleaning, localized "spotting" carried out by hand.

ISO 105-X12:2016 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds, including textile floor coverings and other pile fabrics, to rubbing off and staining other materials. The method is applicable to textiles made from all kinds of fibres in the form of yarn or fabric, including textile floor coverings, whether dyed or printed. Two tests may be made, one with a dry rubbing cloth and one with a wet rubbing cloth.

ISO 105-X16:2016 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles to rubbing off and staining other materials where the singling out of areas smaller than possible to test with the apparatus described in ISO 105‑X12 is required. Two tests may be made, one with a dry rubbing cloth and one with a wet rubbing cloth.

ISO 105-B02:2014 specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65). The method is also applicable to white (bleached or optically brightened) textiles. This method allows the use of two different sets of blue wool references. The results from the two different sets of references may not be identical.

ISO 105-B01:2014 specifies a method intended for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of daylight. This method allows the use of two different sets of blue wool references. The results from the two different sets of references may not be identical.

ISO 105-E02:2013 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to immersion in sea water.

ISO 105-E04:2013 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of human perspiration.

ISO 105-E01:2013 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to immersion in water.

This part of ISO 105 specifies the requirement for a digital imaging system for use in the methods specified in Annexes A and B for the determination of change in colour and staining by digital imaging techniques. This method is not suitable for assessment of colour fastness to light as described in the ISO 105 B series, as these standards do not use grey scales to assess the specimen. This part of ISO 105 describes apparatus, equipment settings and calibration for the assessment of — change in colour, and — staining.

ISO 105-B10:2011 specifies a procedure for exposing textiles to artificial weathering in xenon-arc apparatus, including the action of liquid water and water vapour, in order to determine the weather resistance of the colour of textiles. The exposure is carried out in a test chamber with a filtered xenon-arc light source simulating solar spectral irradiance according to CIE 85:1989, Table 4. The method can be used either for determining the colour fastness or the ageing behaviour of the textile under test. The method is also applicable to white (bleached or optically brightened) textiles.

ISO 10617:2010 is primarily concerned with the exchange of the spectral data, which is the fundamental data behind the colour being communicated. ISO 10617:2010 provides a standard format for the interchange of data between a colorimetric measurement instrument and software used to make calculations based on those measured data. A key application is in the measurement and associated recipe formulation of dyes used in the textile industry. The application can, however, be to any industry where there is a need to communicate colorimetric data, e.g. pigment formulation in plastics and paints, colour management in the graphic arts and other colour reproduction industries.

ISO 105-E05:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds, and in all forms, to the action of dilute solutions of organic and mineral acids. Four tests differing in severity are provided. Any or all can be used, depending upon the nature of the fibre.

ISO 105-D01:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to drycleaning using perchloroethylene solvent. This method is neither suitable for the evaluation of the durability of textile finishes, nor is it intended for use in evaluating the resistance of colours to spot and stain removal procedures used by the drycleaner. This test covers colour fastness to drycleaning only; commercial drycleaning practice normally involves other operations, such as water spotting, solvent spotting and steam pressing, etc., for which other standard test methods are available if the full response to drycleaning of a textile is to be assessed. The presence of absorbed water in drycleaning solvent, or the presence of a detergent and water in a drycleaning solvent, are known to alter the colour fastness properties of some materials. This test requires the assessment of the material under test in a dry state, using solvent alone, within containers that do not contain water. Fastness to drycleaning, without further qualification in ISO 105-D01:2010, means fastness to drycleaning in perchloroethylene. However, if required, other solvents that are used for textile cleaning can be used.

ISO 105-E07:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to spotting by water.

ISO 105-E12:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of wool and part-wool textiles to the action of soap and sodium carbonate solutions used in alkaline milling (severe method) or of a soap solution only (mild method). The mild method can be applied to light- or medium-weight wool (or wool-containing) clothing fabrics.

ISO 105-E03:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of active chlorine in concentrations such as are used to disinfect swimming-pool water (break-point chlorination). Three alternative test conditions are specified. The active chlorine concentrations of 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l are intended for swimwear. The active chlorine concentration of 20 mg/l is intended for accessories such as beach robes and towels.

ISO 105-E09:2010 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of boiling water. It is mainly applicable to wool and textiles containing wool.

ISO 105-C06:2010 specifies methods intended for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to domestic or commercial laundering procedures used for normal household articles using a reference detergent. Industrial and hospital articles may be subjected to special laundering procedures which may be more severe in some aspects. The colour loss and staining resulting from desorption and/or abrasive action in one single (S) test closely approximates to one commercial or domestic laundering. The results of one multiple (M) test may in some cases be approximated by the results of up to five domestic or commercial launderings at temperatures not exceeding 70 °C. The M tests are more severe than the S tests because of an increase in mechanical action. These methods do not reflect the effect of optical brighteners present in commercial washing products. These methods are designed for the detergents and bleach systems given. Other detergents and bleach systems may require different conditions and levels of ingredients.

ISO 105-C08:2010 specifies methods for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to domestic or commercial laundering procedures used for normal household articles using a non-phosphate reference detergent incorporating a low-temperature bleach activator. The colour loss and staining resulting from desorption and/or abrasive action in one single test closely approximates to one domestic or commercial laundering. This method does not reflect the effect of optical brighteners present in some commercial washing products.

ISO 105-A01:2010 provides general information about the methods for testing colour fastness of textiles for the guidance of users. The uses and limitations of the methods are pointed out, several terms are defined, an outline of the form of the methods is given and the contents of the clauses constituting the methods are discussed. Procedures common to a number of the methods are discussed briefly.

ISO 105-J03:2009 provides a method of calculating the colour difference between two specimens of the same material, measured under the same conditions, such that the numerical value ∆Ecmc(l:c) for the total colour difference quantifies the extent to which the two specimens do not match. It permits the specification of a maximum value (tolerance) which depends only on the closeness of match required for a given end-use and not on the colour involved, nor on the nature of the colour difference. The method also provides a means for establishing the ratio of differences in lightness to chroma and to hue.

ISO 105-F02:2009 specifies an undyed cotton (and an undyed viscose) adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the cotton (and viscose) adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a cotton (and a viscose) reference adjacent fabric, using a cotton dyed reference fabric, all of which are available from a specified source.

ISO 105-F09:2009 specifies a cotton rubbing cloth which can be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness to rubbing tests. The staining properties of the cotton rubbing cloth under test are assessed against a cotton rubbing cloth reference fabric, using a cotton dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.

ISO 105-B07:2009 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles, of all kinds and in all forms, to the combined effect of wetting with acid or alkaline artificial perspiration solutions and an artificial light source representing natural daylight (D65).

ISO/TR 12116:2008 describes four methods designed to simulate, by means of laboratory colour-fastness tests, the colour changes which take place in clothing during actual wear. The four methods are applicable to the following types of clothing: sports clothing (method 1); smocks and other shirt-like outer garments worn outdoors (method 2); indoor clothing and underwear (method 3); military uniforms (method 4).

ISO 105-X18:2007 specifies a method intended for assessment of the potential to phenolic yellowing of textile materials. The method is specific to phenolic yellowing and does not cover the many other possible causes of yellow discolouration found on textile materials.

ISO 105-J05:2007 provides a colorimetric method for calculating an estimate of the magnitude (and optionally the direction) of the change in the perceived colour of a textile specimen when the chromaticity of the illumination by which it is viewed is changed. It therefore provides an estimate of the colour inconstancy of the specimen.

ISO 105-E16:2006 describes a method for assessing the effect of water spotting on upholstery fabrics of all kinds, including natural, bleached, dyed and printed fabrics. The method is suitable for determining the resistance of a furniture fabric's colour to water spotting or staining.

ISO 105-E06:2006 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds, and in all forms, to the action of dilute alkaline solutions. Three tests differing in severity are provided. Any or all may be used, depending on the nature of the fibre.

ISO 105-C10:2006 specifies five methods intended for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to washing procedures, from mild to severe, used for normal household articles. ISO 105-C10:2006 is designed to determine the effect of washing only on the colour fastness of the textile. It is not intended to reflect the result of the comprehensive laundering procedure.

ISO 105-C12:2004 specifies methods for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds exposed to all forms of industrial laundering procedures.

ISO 105-P02 specifies a method for determining the resistance of the colour of textiles of all kinds and in all forms, to the action of steam-pleating processes. Three tests differing in severity are described.

This part of ISO 105 specifies a method for determining the consumer relevant shade change of textiles, of all kinds, (excluding silk and wool) and in all forms, to domestic/commercial laundering procedures in which a bleach activator (oxygen bleaching system) is used. The colour fastness resulting from oxygen bleaching in this test provides an indication of the shade change behaviour observed after multiple domestic/commercial launderings. This part of ISO 105 is not applicable for the assessment of the dye staining of adjacent fabrics, where suitable methods are described in ISO 105-A04. This part of ISO 105 does not reflect the contribution of optical brighteners, which are present in some commercial washing products, to shade change. This part of ISO 105 specifies a procedure incorporating the use of ECE1) non-phosphate reference detergent, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and the bleach activator tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED). An alternative test procedure using the AATCC 1993 zero phosphate reference detergent (without optical brightener), and incorporating sodium perborate monohydrate and the bleach activator sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate (SNOBS) is currently under development.

This part of ISO 105 specifies the terms and definitions on colour measurements that are used throughout ISO 105. These definitions are intended to be used only within the context and scope of ISO 105.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed secondary acetate adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the secondary acetate adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a secondary acetate reference adjacent fabric using a secondary acetate dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed acrylic adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the acrylic adjacent fabric under test are assessed against an acrylic reference adjacent fabric, using an acrylic dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed polyamide adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the polyamide adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a polyamide reference adjacent fabric, using a polyamide dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed wool adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the wool adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a wool reference adjacent fabric, using two wool dyed reference fabrics and one cotton dyed reference fabric, all of which are available from a specified source.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed polyester adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the polyester adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a polyester reference adjacent fabric, using a polyester dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.

This part of ISO 105 specifies an undyed silk adjacent fabric which may be used for the assessment of staining in colour fastness tests. The staining properties of the silk adjacent fabric under test are assessed against a silk reference adjacent fabric, using a silk dyed reference fabric, both of which are available from a specified source.