ISO/TC 44/SC 10 - Quality management in the field of welding

This document specifies a uniform system for grouping materials for welding purposes. This document can also be applied for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing. This document is applicable to grouping systems for the following standardized materials: — steels; — aluminium and its alloys; — copper and its alloys; — nickel and its alloys; — titanium and its alloys; — zirconium and its alloys; — cast irons; — cobalt alloys.

This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of welding procedure specifications (WPSs) for electron or laser beam welding. This document applies to metallic materials, irrespective of the shape of the parts, their thicknesses, the manufacturing method (e.g. rolling, forging, casting, sintering) or their heat treatment. It covers both the production of new parts and repair work.

This document specifies requirements for calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for: — control of process variables during fabrication, — control of the properties of equipment used for welding or welding allied processes, where the resulting output cannot be readily or economically documented by subsequent monitoring, inspection and testing. This involves process variables influencing the fitness-for-purpose and in particular the safety of the fabricated product. NOTE This document is based on the lists of process variables stated in International Standards for specification of welding procedures, in particular, but not exclusively in the ISO 15609 series. Future revisions of these International Standards can result in addition or deletion of parameters considered necessary to specify. Some guidance is, in addition, given in Annex B for requirements for calibration, verification and validation as part of acceptance testing of equipment used for welding or allied processes. This document does not specify requirements to calibrate, verify and validate as part of inspection, testing, non-destructive testing or measuring of final welded products performed in order to verify product conformance. This document applies only to calibration, verification and validation of equipment for use in production or on site. This document does not apply to the manufacture and installation of equipment for welding. Requirements for new equipment are formulated in directives and product codes (standards), as necessary. Annex C provides information when other parties are involved in calibration, verification and validation activities.

This document specifies requirements for the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature for fusion welding. This document can also be applied as appropriate in the case of other welding processes. This document does not apply to the measurement of post weld heat treatment temperatures.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified based on a pre-production welding test. This document is applicable to arc welding, gas welding, beam welding, resistance welding, stud welding and friction welding of metallic materials.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests. This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document. This document applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys. In this document the term aluminium stands for aluminium and for aluminium alloys. This document does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is addressed in ISO 15614-4. Arc welding of aluminium is covered by the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063:2023: 131 — MIG welding with solid wire electrode; 141 — TIG welding with solid filler material (wire/rod); 142 — Autogenous TIG welding; 15 — plasma arc welding.

This document applies to arc stud welding of metallic materials subject to static and fatigue loading. This document specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification testing of operators and testing of production welds. This document is applicable where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to produce welded construction of a specified quality. NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials are given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3, ISO 3834-4 and ISO 3834-5. This document has been prepared in a comprehensive manner, with a view to it being used as a reference in contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, if certain requirements are not relevant to a particular construction (see Annex A). For the working range of stud welding, see Annex B.

This document specifies how a welding procedure can be qualified by using tested welding consumable data. It expands on the requirements given in ISO 15607. In addition, it gives the range of qualification. Application of this document is limited to parent material groups 1.1, 8.1, 21, 22.1 and 22.2 in accordance with ISO/TR 15608, which produce acceptable microstructures and properties in the heat-affected zone which do not deteriorate significantly in service. This document is limited to: — butt welds and fillet welds in material of thicknesses t ≤ 40 mm (groups 1.1 and 8.1) and t ≤ 20 mm (groups 21, 22.1 and 22.2); — fillet welds with throat thickness a ≥ 1 mm. This document is not applicable when any of the following is specified for the welded joint: a) hardness; b) impact properties; c) preheating; d) controlled heat input; e) interpass temperature; f) post-weld heat treatment. The use of this document can also be restricted by an application standard, specification or other documents.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests. This document specifies the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the qualification range for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in Clause 8. This document specifies the required tests. Additional tests can be required by application standards. This document applies to the arc welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys in all product forms. Arc welding is covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063: 131 – metal inert gas welding, MIG welding; 14 – tungsten inert gas welding, TIG welding; 15 – plasma arc welding. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes.

This document gives guidelines for the implementation of requirements given in the other parts of the ISO 3834 series. It is intended to help users select the appropriate part of the ISO 3834 series. It is expected that users will already be familiar with the ISO 3834 series as a whole. This document does not provide additional requirements to those in ISO 3834-1 to ISO 3834-5.

This document gives the necessary information to explain the requirements referenced in ISO 15607 about the qualification of welding procedures based on previous welding experience. In addition, it gives the range of qualification. The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification.

This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met. The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used. General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc. Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures. The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other. Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.

This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate. This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability. The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide: — specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001; — specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001; — specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment; — specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3; — detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.

This document specifies quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥ 0,5 mm. It covers fully penetrated butt welds and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds. Quality levels for beam-welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919-1. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. Several types of loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion load, pressure load. Additional guidance on fatigue loads is given in Annex B. The quality levels refer to production and good workmanship. This document is applicable to: a) non-alloy and alloy steels; b) nickel and nickel alloys; c) titanium and titanium alloys; d) manual, mechanized and automatic welding; e) all welding positions; f) all types of welds, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections; g) the following welding processes and their sub-processes, as defined in ISO 4063: — 11 metal arc welding without gas protection; — 12 submerged arc welding; — 13 gas-shielded metal arc welding; — 14 gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrode; — 15 plasma arc welding; — 31 oxyfuel gas welding (for steel only). Metallurgical aspects, such as grain size and hardness, are not covered by this document.

This document specifies the International Standards, including clauses and subclauses, with which conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4 can be claimed. NOTE For brazing, see ISO 22688.

This document specifies a general outline of the ISO 3834 series and criteria to be taken into account for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, among the three levels specified in ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 and ISO 3834-4. It is applicable to manufacturing, both in workshops and at field installation sites. This document does not specify requirements for a total quality management system (QMS). However, Clause 6 identifies QMS elements where their inclusion complements the ISO 3834 series.

This document establishes a European grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. It is also applicable for other purposes such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: a) steel; b) aluminium and its alloys; c) copper and its alloys; d) cast irons; e) nickel and nickel alloys. For materials that are not assigned to a group in this document, the criteria of ISO/TR 15608 apply.

This document defines elementary quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document defines comprehensive quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document defines standard quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document specifies the requirements for the test methods for joint of micro-joining of 2G HTS to fulfil the requirements of ISO 17279-1 and ISO 17279-2. This document specifies test methods for determining the capability of joints for the production of the specified quality. It defines specific test requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.

This document gives guidance on levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welded joints in aluminium, magnesium and their alloys and pure copper. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured. This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of: — aluminium and its alloys; — magnesium and its alloys; — pure copper (e.g. Cu-ETP1 CW003A, Cu-ETP CW004A, Cu-FRHC CW005A, Cu-FRTP CW006A, Cu-OF1 CW007A, Cu-OF CW008A, Cu-OFE CW009A, Cu-PHC CW020A, Cu-HCP CW021A, Cu-PHCE CW022A, Cu-DLP CW023A, Cu-DHP CW024A); — all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire; — materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding. When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this document are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this document can apply. NOTE For circular welds, a lower quality level can be specified for the fade-out zone. Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, hydrogen embrittlement (pure copper) are not covered by this document. This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by requirements for inspection, examination and testing.

This document outlines the equipment and operator qualification needed for laser-arc hybrid welding, and recommends butt, fillet and flange joint preparations and consumables suitable for use with this process. It also gives an overview of the steps to take during equipment set-up, procedure specification, workpiece set-up immediately prior to welding, and after welding once inspecting and testing the welds. This document applies to laser-arc hybrid welding of steels, aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to hybrid processes where laser beam welding is hybridized with another welding process not using an electric arc as its heat source.

This document specifies requirements for the qualification of welding operators for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to "operators" as defined in ISO 25239‑1. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document defines terms related to friction stir welding. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document specifies the requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series. NOTE Service requirements, materials or manufacturing conditions can require more comprehensive testing than is specified in this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document provides a Japanese grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. It can also apply for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming, and non-destructive testing. Types of steels are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 1. Types of aluminium and aluminium alloys are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 2. Types of titanium and titanium alloys are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 5. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: — steels; — aluminium and its alloys; — titanium and its alloys.

This document defines two levels of quality requirements and selection criteria for brazing of metallic materials. It applies to manufacturing, both in workshops and at installation sites. NOTE 1 This document is applicable to brazing industry quality management systems, similar in scope and purpose to the ISO 3834 series. This document provides complete sets of quality requirements for process control related to all listed brazing processes (for each process separately or in combination as specified) and lists the documents with which it is necessary to conform to these requirements. The requirements in this standard may be adopted for other brazing processes, with or without adjustments, under the responsibility of the manufacturer. NOTE 2 These requirements can be used on their own by a manufacturer or in conjunction with a quality management system (e.g. ISO 9001).

This document gives requirements and recommendations on levels of imperfections in electron and laser-beam welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement of the finished weld. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured. This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of: — steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys; — all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire; — materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding. The purpose of this document is to define the dimensions of typical imperfections which can be expected in normal fabrication. It can be used within a quality system for the production of welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case is defined by the application standard or the responsible designer in conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The quality level is expected to be prescribed prior to the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes, additional details may need to be prescribed. When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this document are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this document can apply. Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness are not covered by this document. This document does not address the methods used for the detection of imperfections. This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by additional requirements for inspection, examination and testing.

This document is part of a series of standards dealing with specification and qualification of welding procedures. Annex A gives details of this series of standards, Annex B gives a table for the use of these standards, and Annex C gives a flow diagram for the development and qualification of a WPS. This document defines general rules for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. This document also refers to several other standards as regards detailed rules for specific applications. This document is applicable to manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized and automated welding. Welding procedures are qualified by conforming to one or more welding procedure qualification records (WPQR). The use of a particular method of qualification is often a requirement of an application standard. It is assumed that welding procedure specifications are used in production by competent welders, qualified in accordance with the relevant part of ISO 9606 or by competent operators qualified in accordance with ISO 14732.

This document specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for gas welding processes. Details of the ISO 15609 series are given in ISO 15607. The variables listed in this document are those influencing the quality of the welded joint.

This document specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for arc welding processes. Details of the ISO 15609 series are given in ISO 15607. The variables listed in this document are those influencing the quality of the welded joint.

This document specifies requirements for the friction welding of components manufactured from metals. It specifies requirements particular to rotational friction welding related to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure approval and welding personnel. This document is appropriate where a contract, an application standard or a regulatory requirement requires the demonstration of the manufacturer's capability to produce welded constructions of a specified quality. It has been prepared in a comprehensive manner to be used as a reference in contracts. The requirements given can be adopted in full or some can be deleted, if not relevant to the construction concerned.

This document defines friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process terms and definitions. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the design requirements and provides design guidelines for friction stir spot welding. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for the Friction Stir Spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys

This document specifies a method to determine the capability of a manufacturer to use friction stir spot welding (FSSW) for production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding personnel for friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.

This document specifies the qualification requirements for personnel performing micro-joining and oxygenation anneling, and testing the 2G HTS test joints.

This document provides concepts, specification and qualification of 2G HTS joining procedure. A welding procedure specification (WPS) is needed to provide a basis for planning joining operations and for quality control during joining. Joining is considered as a special process in the terminology of standards for quality systems. Standards for quality systems usually require that special processes be carried out in accordance with written procedure specifications. This has resulted in the establishment of a set of rules for qualification of the joining procedure prior to the release of the WPS to actual production. This document defines these rules. This document does not cover soldering, brazing or any fillers, which are currently available in the industry. It can be applied for joining of all kinds of 2G HTSs. This document does not apply to 1st Generation Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (1G BSCCO) type HTS and Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) Joining.

This document provides an American grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. A number of Canadian, Australian and New Zealand materials commonly used in North America are also included. It can also apply for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming, and non-destructive testing. Types of steels are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 1. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: — steel; — aluminium and its alloys; — nickel and its alloys; — copper and its alloys; — titanium and its alloys; — zirconium and its alloys; — cast irons.

This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured. This document is applicable all types of weld (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections), to, manual, mechanized and automatic welding, and to all welding positions. It is applicable to the following welding processes: - metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA; - tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA; - plasma arc welding. It is not applicable to metallurgical aspects (e.g. grain size, hardness).

This document: — specifies how a user can follow a standard welding procedure specification (SWPS) based on welding procedure qualification tests performed by a different organization; — specifies the range for the use of SWPSs in accordance with ISO 15607; — specifies the requirements for qualification of welding procedures to be issued as SWPSs; and — specifies the requirements for organizations adopting SWPSs. The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification. This document is applicable to welding of steels and aluminium and its alloys (see 4.1). All new standard welding procedure qualifications are to be carried out in accordance with this document from the date of its issue. However, this document does not invalidate previous standard welding procedure qualifications made to former standards, specifications or previous editions of this document

ISO 13918:2017 specifies the following: - requirements for studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding; - dimensions, materials and mechanical properties.

ISO 13916:2017 specifies requirements for the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature for fusion welding. ISO 13916:2017 can also be applied as appropriate in the case of other welding processes. ISO 13916:2017 does not cover the measurement of post weld heat treatment temperatures.

ISO/TS 20273:2017 provides guidance for setting appropriate weld quality requirements in relation to fatigue. ISO/TS 20273:2017 is applicable to fusion (arc and/or beam welding) welded steel plate-type structures having a thickness of >3 mm, which are subjected to cyclic loading. Due to lack of experimental data for aluminium welds and ultra-high strength steels, the fatigue strength (or S-N) curves apply only to structural steel up to a maximum specified yield strength of 960 MPa. The acceptance criteria in this document may be applied to higher strength steels, stainless steels and certain concepts to 5000 and 6000 series of aluminium alloys which are commonly used in welded structures. In the absence of relevant published data, it is recommended that this be quantified by special testing.