ISO/TC 184 - Automation systems and integration

This document describes a shared conceptual framework for the nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE). In addition, this framework also serves as a systematic basis for a series of additional standards for management methods and technical guidelines for information integration and exchange, specifically in the nuclear industry. The framework focuses on the nuclear industry-specifics with management requirements as well as information specifications to facilitate practical benefits from implementing ISO standards. It is viable because the industry scope is narrowed down to the nuclear sector, while the management concerns are expanded to cover the various disciplines throughout the entire life cycle. The following are within the scope of this document: — definition of the conceptual structure of the nuclear ecosystem with components and relationships in terms of facility type, life cycle (lifetime), and technical management methodology; the scope of this document exclusively addresses ‘all reactor-related facilities’; — definition of the industry sectors involved within NDE, encompassing civil, architectural, mechanical, electrical, I&C, process engineering and ICT; — list of high-level constituents for each component; — instructions to guide the collective use of this document and existing standards to specify information requirements within the NDE for different functional purposes. The following are outside the scope of this document: — definition of detailed management methodologies or processes related to the standard data exchange; — list of detailed properties and structures of the required information exchange (IE).

This document specifies quality measures for quantitatively measuring quality characteristics that are specified by ISO 8000-210 for use with sensor data. The following are within the scope of this document: — fundamental principles and assumptions for measuring the quality of sensor data; — quality measures for sensor data, in respect of corresponding quality characteristics and data anomalies; — requirements for using data quality characteristics and data quality measures for measuring the quality of sensor data. The following are outside the scope of this document: — analogue, image, video and audio data that are captured by sensors; — signal processing that converts or modifies analogue data to create digital data; — methods to measure and improve data quality.

This document defines the syntax and semantics of a file format for the 3D visualization and interrogation of lightweight geometry and product manufacturing information derived from CAD systems, using visualization software tools that do not need the full capability of a CAD system. This document has been adopted as a 3D visualization capability in addition to the ISO 10303 series. The ISO 10303 series are the ISO standards adopted for the engineering data exchange, sharing and long-term archiving of product definition information throughout the product lifecycle. In this document 3D visualization is defined as the visual presentation on a screen or another media of graphical and textual 3 dimensional representations of a set of data representing an object, information or results of a computational process in order to enable decision process by a human looking at the data visualized in a medium. The file format supports the following information: — facet information (triangles), stored with geometry compression techniques; — visual attributes such as lights, textures and materials; — product manufacturing information, such as dimensions, tolerances and other attributes; — boundary representation (b-rep) solid model shape representations. Several alternatives are available, including a representation based on the geometry standard defined in ISO 10303; — configuration representations; — delivery methods such as asynchronous streaming of content. The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of the file format.

This document uses a meta-modelling approach to identify commonalities among ten smart manufacturing reference models. Each reference model is placed into the context of the meta-model to facilitate analysis of both common and distinct features. Major smart manufacturing reference model topics are identified, and the reference models compared within each topic. As part of the meta-modelling approach development, a collection of models differing in extent of abstraction characterizes the evolution of a particular smart manufacturing system from the meta-model through a unifying smart manufacturing reference model and successively less abstract domain models to a model for system implementation. This document presents a range of issues and challenges for further work to specify a high-level smart manufacturing reference model that unifies the concepts and practices identified using the meta-model approach analysis of the smart manufacturing reference models.

This document describes a digital twin for monitoring and controlling the semiconductor ingot growth process. The use case is analysed and designed using the ISO 23247 series. The result is a systematic view of the use case implementation and a high-level design of the digital twins, which can be directly implemented using the readily available tools and languages, including those supported by the relevant standards.

This document specifies a data model of visualization elements for 3D data exchange for error information feedback between product lifecycle management (PLM) and manufacturing execution system (MES or MOM: manufacturing operations management) in the engineering plant industry. The followings are within the scope of this document: a) data model of visualization elements for the engineering plant industry with complex and long-lifespan products; b) definitions of the properties of the data model for the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface; c) relationship with the information model of visualization elements as defined in ISO 10303-239; d) relationship with the information model of the visualization elements as defined in IEC 62264 series; e) information flow with equipment used in production and related measuring equipment as managed inside MES.

This document specifies requirements for natural location identifiers. These requirements supplement those of ISO 8000-115. The following are within the scope of this document: — requirements for the prefix element and a single sub-domain element in a location identifier; — requirements for representing latitude, longitude and storey or elevation of a location. The following are outside the scope of this document: — methods to identify latitude, longitude and elevation.

The content of this document is divided into two parts. — This document analyses the overall configuration of an industrial digital twin system, and proposes a three-elements architecture, focusing on the twinning interface between the physical twin (PTw) and industrial digital twin (iDTw). — The characteristics, and the visualization elements and visualization fidelity of iDTw are analysed. This document: a) analyses the twinning interface between the PTw and iDTw; b) proposes a three-elements architecture; c) analyses the visualization element and its fidelity, which is a key component of the interface among the three-elements architecture; d) analyses the elements that constitute an iDTw system to understand the unique properties of iDTw; e) explores the differentiation from cyber physical systems (CPS) or augmented reality (AR), which are similar to existing concepts of iDTw. This document excludes: — applications of iDTw; — implementation of iDTw.

This document specifies a vocabulary for industrial data that defines generic terms for things that exist in more than one industrial domain. The following are within the scope of this document: — definition of terms for generic types of industrial thing; EXAMPLE 1 Definitions of the terms “material object”, “artefact” and “product” are within the vocabulary. — definition of terms relevant to assemblies, systems and their breakdown structures; — definition of terms relevant to activities and participation in activities; — definition of terms relevant to positions and roles in organizations; — definition of terms relevant to behaviour, capability and function; — definition of terms relevant to state and condition; — definition of terms relevant to specifications, designs and plans; — definition of terms relevant to versions, alternatives and configurations for specifications, designs and plans; — definition of terms relevant to signals and other carriers of information and to devices that process signals and information; — definition of terms relevant to physical quantities and properties. The following are outside the scope of this document: — definition of terms that are relevant to data themselves, rather than the things that data are about; EXAMPLE 2 Definitions of the terms “data” and “information” are not within the vocabulary. — definition of terms that are relevant to representations. EXAMPLE 3 Definitions of the terms “representation” and “model” are not within the vocabulary.

This document specifies technical requirements for the structure and content of a reference data library for ISO/TS 15926-4. NOTE This document can also be applied to reference data libraries other than ISO/TS 15926-4. The following are within the scope of this document: — identification of a reference data item as specified in ISO/TS 15926-4; — information that defines a reference data item; — the way identifying and defining information is recorded using ISO 15926-2; — the reference data library that contains the reference data items necessary to record identification and defining information; — the representation of the reference data library that is defined by this document as a spreadsheet. The following are outside the scope of this document: — administrative information about the source, the history of changes, and the current status of a reference data item and a reference data library; — the way administrative information is recorded using ISO 15926-2; — the reference data library that contains the reference data items necessary to record administrative information; — defining the scope of reference data libraries within the ISO 15926 series; — methods and guidelines for implementing ISO 15926-2; — procedures for maintaining reference data libraries; — requirements for the representation of a proprietary reference data library.

This document specifies quality characteristics of data that are recorded by sensors as a stream of single, discrete digital values. The following are within the scope of this document: — quality characteristics of sensor data; — types of anomalies in sensor data; — relationships between quality characteristics of sensor data and anomalies in sensor data; — application of quality characteristics of sensor data. The following are outside the scope of this document: — analogue, image, video and audio data that are captured by sensors; — signal processing that converts or modifies analogue data to create digital data; — methods to measure and improve data quality.

IEC 63339:2024 specifies the unified reference model for smart manufacturing (URMSM) using a terminology and structure, and establishes criteria for creating reference models, as specializations, that support smart manufacturing. The terminology and structure comprise a set of common modelling elements, their associations, and conformance criteria. These common modelling elements address aspects and perspectives of products and production and their lifecycle considerations. The URMSM enables an approach for creating multiple models based upon a reference model that is sufficient for understanding significant relationships among entities involved in smart manufacturing (SM) and for the development of standards and other specifications. The URMSM specifications in this document accommodate consistent, coherent, compatible specializations for relevant aspects of manufacturing systems consisting of equipment, products, and services within the domain of manufacturing. Provisions of this document are applicable for a new smart manufacturing reference model (SMRM) or elaboration of existing SMRM capabilities, for example, improving capabilities for analysis of opportunities and synthesis of technological advances, and improving interoperability of new and existing systems. This document is not intended to prescribe interoperability considerations or data schemas of models. Standardization of content relative to models will be the subject of other standards and texts specific to those model domains.

This document defines a set of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) data classes, including their properties. It is applicable to entire manufacturing facilities or to parts of a manufacturing facility. This document applies to manufacturing systems including discrete, batch and continuous control, which are defined in IEC 62264-1. The following are outside the scope of this document: — syntax of EPE data and data models; — protocols to exchange EPE data; — functions that can be enabled by the use of EPE data; — product life cycle assessment; — EPE data that are specific to a particular industry sector, manufacturer or machinery; — acquisition of EPE data.

This document specifies XML definitions that are used to describe data and information related to connections or joints in mechanical systems or structures. The following is within the scope of this document: — description and explanation of XML definitions for logical or process related data or other properties of a connection. The following aspects are outside the scope of this document: — geometry of fasteners or other parts, — handling of χMCF data in — product data management (PDM) systems, — subscriber data management (SDM) systems, and — other data management systems.

This document provides an overview and defines the purpose and fundamental principles of the ISO 14306 series as well as the structure of the various parts within the series and an overview of the conformance for files created consistent with the standard. The ISO 14306 series defines a binary file format description that is a representation of product information with the definitions necessary to enable 3D visualization among different computer systems and environments associated with a complete product lifecycle.

This document defines terms relating to the JT file format specification for 3D visualization.

This document specifies the transformation of SysML (ISO/IEC 19514) constructs to XSD constructs and Schematron (ISO/IEC 19757) constructs for the purpose of representing the SysML model represented in XMI (ISO/IEC 19509) as XML[13] schemas and Schematron rules. The specified mapping is a one-way transformation from SysML information model represented in XMI into an XML schema and Schematron rules. These limitations make the mapping unsuitable for the transformation of arbitrary SysML models. The following are within the scope of this document: — the specification of the structure, components, and conventions of the XSD for the ISO 10303 series XML implementation method; — the transformation of SysML metamodel constructs represented in XMI to XSD constructs for the purpose of representing SysML information models as XML schemas; — the transformation of SysML constructs to Schematron constructs for the purpose of representing the SysML model constraints represented in XMI as Schematron rules. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the transformation of SysML metamodel constructs into XSD constructs that are not used in the STEP Extended Architecture; — the transformation of SysML metamodel constructs into XSD constructs for other purposes than representing SysML constructs as STEP concepts; — codes and scripts to transform SysML XMI to XSD schema and to Schematron rules; — process, codes, and scripts to apply Schematron rules on XML documents with a resulting human-readable report.

This document specifies the set of core reference data items which can be used to record information about process plants, including oil and gas production facilities. The following are within the scope of this document: — core classes for process plants, including oil and gas production facilities; — information about a reference data item. NOTE The total set of information about a reference data item can be found in Table B.1. The following are outside the scope of this document: — data requirements for additional reference data items; — the procedures to be followed for registration and maintenance of additional reference data items.

This document specifies the requirements for the quality identifiers that form part of an exchange of master data. These requirements supplement those of ISO 8000‑110. The following are within the scope of this document: — the syntax and semantics of quality identifiers to allow the unambiguous identification of the owner of the identifier and any restrictions on the use of the identifier; — the principles of resolving quality identifiers to the data set they represent; — the characteristics that define quality identifiers. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the methods used for the creation of identifiers; — the syntax of the query and of the response used in the resolution of identifiers; — the methods used for the resolution of identifiers.

This document provides requirements and recommendations on how to construct an equipment instance model using an equipment behaviour catalogue (EBC) item.

This document specifies requirements for data to be portable data. The following are within the scope of this document: — fundamental principles and assumptions for portable data; — the role of semantic encoding in making data portable; — the syntax of a structured format for portable data; — the metadata and the reference data to include as part of portable data. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the information to be represented by the interoperable data format.

This document specifies the vocabulary for the ISO 10303 series.

This document specifies a formal structure and building rules for an equipment behaviour catalogue (EBC) template. The formal structure of an EBC template represents a schema for descriptions of behaviour and related entities. Building rules for an EBC template provide required processes and compliance criteria to construct an EBC template.

This document provides an overview of the ISO 10303 series. This document defines the architectural principles of product information representation and exchange used in the ISO 10303 series. It specifies the characteristics of the various sets of parts in the ISO 10303 series and the relationships among them. The following are within the scope of this document: — scope statement for the ISO 10303 series as a whole; — overview of the ISO 10303 series; — architectures of the ISO 10303 series; — structure of the ISO 10303 series; — overview of data specification methods used in the ISO 10303 series; NOTE This includes the EXPRESS data specification language and graphical presentation of product information models. — introduction to the ISO 10303 series: — integrated resources (IRs); — application interpreted constructs (AICs); — application modules (AMs); — application domain models (ADMs); — Core model; — business object models (deprecated); — application protocols (APs); — implementation methods; — usage guides; — conformance testing methodology and framework; — abstract test suites (ATSs); — scheme for identification of schemas and other information objects defined in the ISO 10303 series.

This document specifies Object-Process Methodology (OPM) with detail sufficient for enabling practitioners to utilise the concepts, semantics, and syntax of OPM as a modelling paradigm and language for producing conceptual models at various extents of detail, and for enabling tool vendors to provide application modelling products to aid those practitioners. While this document presents some examples for the use of OPM to improve clarity, it does not attempt to provide a complete reference for all the possible applications of OPM.

This document defines a set of metadata to support the audit trail of the transformation of a geometry definition, while it is distributed and shared in supply-chains, to ensure the traceability of geometric model data. It also defines a set of web services based on the utilisation of these metadata. The following are within the scope of this document: — metadata definitions for geometry transformation audit trail: — syntax for storing these metadata in geometry data sets in various formats; — conformance level for implementers and business processes; — definitions of web services to query the geometric model data set and its associated metadata. The following are outside the scope of this document: — service specifications for CAD operations; — specifications of a cybersecurity infrastructure to enable web services; — the technical implementation of a STEP geometry services client or server; — any geometric model definition; — any product and manufacturing information (PMI) definition; — archiving.

This document specifies a framework for mass customization value chain management, including the framework model, functions and information flow of mass customization. This document does not describe interoperability at a system level or interoperability throughout the life cycle in detail.

This document provides: — a review and summary of the adoption of digital methods and technology in the national nuclear sectors; — a summary of the state of the art of some of the standards supporting the digital representation and interoperability of industrial data; — orientation on the use of these standards for model-based systems engineering (MBSE) in order to achieve a nuclear digital ecosystem (NDE); — a high-level roadmap of the stages by which this ecosystem can be achieved, taking into account the maturity of the actors of the ecosystem, their relationships and the added value of using advanced standards. NOTE The complete reports from the participating entities are presented in Annexes A to G. This document includes the following: — the systems composing the nuclear facilities and their input, output, and other products resulting from interactions in the nuclear system or with its environment; — the material accounting and the corresponding requirements; — waste management: all types of nuclear waste produced during processes and activities, and their properties are considered for a seamless management of information in the whole value chain of the nuclear ecosystem.

This document outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES) or Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM). The following are within the scope of this document: — the need for a PLM-MES interface; — the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface; — the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface. The following is outside the scope of this document: — application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.

This document enables a flexible creation of product knowledge models and data that supports systems engineering processes. The payload or design data can be exchanged across organizations or with the supply chain by combining resource description framework (RDF) triples, reference data dictionaries and a standardized set of relationships. This document is appropriate for use with the ISO 15926-series based reference data libraries, and it is applicable to the process industry, including oil, gas and power. However, manufacturing and aerospace industries can also benefit from this document. The following are within the scope of this document: — process plants in accordance with ISO 15926-1; — a methodology with low threshold for using reference data in combination with RDF triples for representing statements as defined in the ISO 15926 series; — an initial set of relationships required for process plant life-cycle representation; — a method to implement configuration management to trace back additions, changes and deletions in product and project data and enabling baselining; — data sharing, integration, exchange, and hand-over between computer systems. The following are outside the scope of this document: — serialisation methods; — definition of reference data libraries; — the syntax and format of implementations of either product data models or instance data using this document, or both; — any specific methods and guidelines other than RDF(S) for implementing ISO 15926-2.

This document specifies requirements for using identifiers in distributed ledgers including blockchains. These requirements supplement those of ISO 8000-115. The following are within the scope of this document: — requirements for each identifier in distributed ledgers including blockchains, where the ledger enables supply chains to exchange transaction data; — requirements for the off‑ledger data set that is referenced by an identifier in a distributed ledger; — off-ledger data sets that consist only of property-value tuples, where each tuple is the result of semantic encoding. The following are outside the scope of this document: — requirements for implementing distributed ledger technology including blockchains; — requirements for technology to ensure immutability of data sets; — requirements for the processes of creating identifiers; — requirements for the processes of creating the content of off‑ledger data sets; — requirements for the processes of creating immutable data sets.

This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM) based on the reference architecture of CPSMT as provided in ISO 23704-1 and the requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart additive manufacturing system. The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM includes: — the technical requirements for the smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS), — the reference architecture of the cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for AM, — the reference architecture of the cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for AM, and — the interface view of the CPSMT for AM. This document also provides: — stakeholder requirements for the SAMS, — the concept of the digital thread, — types of abnormality in AM, and — use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

This document specifies requirements that support the exchange of data governance policy statements and automated conformance testing of data sets to the data specifications referenced by policy statements. The following are within the scope of this document: — requirements for the syntax and semantics of identifiers for organizations issuing data governance policy statements; — requirements for the syntax and semantics of identifiers for data governance policy statements; — data specifications referenced by data governance policy statements, where those specifications are computer processable. The following are outside the scope of this document: — general processes, roles and responsibilities for performing data governance; EXAMPLE An approach to data governance is covered by ISO/IEC 38505-1 and ISO/IEC TR 38505-2. — requirements for the syntax and semantics of data specifications referenced by a data governance policy statement; — requirements for the syntax and semantics of data governance policy statements; — methods used for the creation of data governance policy statements; — methods used for measuring conformance with the requirements referenced by data governance policy statements; — methods used for monitoring conformance with the requirements referenced by data governance policy statements.

This document specifies requirements for the integration of numerical control systems (NC systems). It consists of technical and inspection requirements and test methods. This document is applicable to all machine tools using NC systems not already covered by class C standards (including metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools and woodworking machine tools) and for partial assemblies of machine tools (including cabinets and auxiliary devices) intended to be integrated into machine tools. It is also applicable to other production equipment using NC systems. NOTE NC system integration with machine tools is performed mainly by machine tool builders using an NC system to control their machine tools, system integrators by assembling machine tools with the NC system to a production line, and machine tool users by upgrading their existing equipment.

This document defines terms relating to data quality. These terms are used by the parts in the ISO 8000 series.

This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for subtractive manufacturing based on the reference architecture of a CPSMT as provided in ISO 23704-1. The reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing includes: — the reference architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM), — the reference architecture of a cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM), and — the interface architecture of a CPSMT. This document also provides: — a conceptual description of a shop floor device system (SFDS), — a conceptual description of a shop floor control system (SFCS), — a conceptual description of a unified interface system (UIS), and — example use cases of a reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

This document specifies the concept and fundamental principles of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) and requirements, including — the reference architecture of a CPSMT, — the key components and interfaces which together make up the reference architecture of a CPSMT, and — the capabilities of a CPSMT. This document also provides: — the background for a CPSMT, — the concept of a shop floor device system (SFDS), and — example use cases of the reference architecture of a CPSMT. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

This document specifies general requirements for the design and manufacturing of numerical control systems (NC systems) for machine tools. It consists of technical and inspection requirements and test methods. This document is applicable to NC systems used in machine tools (including metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools and woodworking machine tools) and to partial assemblies of machine tools (including cabinets and auxiliary devices) intended to be integrated into machine tools. It is also applicable to other production equipment using NC systems.

This document describes how data rules apply to various types of data. Such rules exist to sustain the integrity and reliability of data by capturing requirements into a form that can be processed by databases and other information systems. The following are within the scope of this document: — fundamental concepts of data rules; — key characteristics of data rules for common types of data, where these types are identifier, currency value, quantity, date or time, rate, free‑text entry, code and key; — how data profiling contributes to formulating effective data rules. The following is outside the scope of this document: — specific rules for specific sets of data. This document can be used in conjunction with or independently of standards for quality management systems. EXAMPLE 1 ISO 9001 specifies requirements for quality management systems. This document can also be used in conjunction with or independently of standards for more detailed definitions of data types. EXAMPLE 2 ISO/IEC 11404 specifies the nomenclature and shared semantics for a collection of datatypes commonly occurring in programming languages and software interfaces. EXAMPLE 3 IEC 61360‑1 specifies principles for the definition of the properties and associated attributes and explains the methods for representing verbally defined concepts.

This document specifies how to apply the Test Process Improvement method to the assessment of organizational process maturity. This document refines the language in the method, which has an original purpose of more than just data quality management. This document supports improving data quality management when an organization uses the process reference model in ISO 8000‑61 as the foundation for specifying the measurement goals for the process measurement necessary when performing maturity assessment. The following are within scope of this document: — the relationship between the Test Process Improvement method[11][12] and the procedure for assessing process maturity of data quality management as specified by ISO 8000‑61; — the role of process measurement in accordance with ISO 8000‑63 when performing assessment of process maturity; — the outputs from the procedure. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the purpose, outcomes and activities of processes for data quality management; — specific content for the scope of individual quality management areas, the maturity levels and the maturity level targets; — specific content for each inspection order including the frequency of inspection points; — instructions on how to develop a process improvement strategy in response to the outputs of the procedure. This document can be used in conjunction with or independently of quality management systems standards.

This document specifies the key considerations for organizations that are establishing appropriate roles and responsibilities for data quality management. The following are within the scope of this document: — implementing roles and responsibilities for data quality management; — providing documentary evidence of this implementation; — a framework for roles and responsibilities; — a functional model of roles and responsibilities; — example deployment scenarios for the framework of roles and responsibilities; — comparison with the processes specified by ISO 8000‑61. The following are outside the scope of this document: — process reference models for data quality management (ISO 8000‑61 specifies a process reference model for data quality management); — methods for data quality evaluation and certification; — models for assessing the maturity of data quality management (ISO 8000‑62 and ISO 8000‑64 specify approaches to assessing the maturity of data quality management). This document can be used in conjunction with or independently of standards for quality management systems.

This document provides an overview of the ISO 8000 series. The following are within the scope of this document: — stating the scope of the ISO 8000 series as a whole; — establishing the principles of information and data quality; — describing the path to data quality; — describing the structure of the ISO 8000 series; — providing a summary of the content of each part in the ISO 8000 series; — establishing the relationship of the ISO 8000 series to other international standards.

This document describes the COLLADA™ schema. COLLADA is a Collaborative Design Activity that defines an XML-based schema to enable 3D authoring applications to freely exchange digital assets without loss of information, enabling multiple software packages to be combined into extremely powerful tool chains. The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the COLLADA schema in sufficient detail to enable software developers to create tools to process COLLADA resources. In particular, it is relevant to those who import to or export from digital content creation (DCC) applications, 3D interactive applications and tool chains, prototyping tools, real-time visualization applications such as those used in the video game and movie industries, and CAD tools. This document covers the initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema, as well as a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters. This document covers the following information: initial design and specifications of the COLLADA schema; requirements of COLLADA tools and a minimal set of requirements for COLLADA exporters; detailed explanations for COLLADA programming; core elements that describe geometry, animation, skinning, assets, and scenes; physics model, visual effects (FX), boundary representation (B-rep) of animation, kinematics. The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of COLLADA data.

This document specifies a mapping of EXPRESS (ISO 10303–11) constructs to SysML constructs for the purpose of representing EXPRESS schemas in SysML models. The specified mapping is a one-way transformation from an EXPRESS schema to a SysML information model. The following are within the scope of this document: — the specification of the transformation of EXPRESS constructs to SysML constructs represented in CXMI; — the specification of the transformation of EXPRESS UNIQUE rules to SysML constructs represented in CXMI; — the specification of the transformation of derived attributes to implement renaming to SysML constructs represented in CXMI. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the transformation of EXPRESS elements into SysML metamodel constructs that are not used in the STEP Extended Architecture; — transformation of EXPRESS FUNCTIONS; — transformation of EXPRESS-G to SysML diagrams; — tools, codes, and scripts to transform an EXPRESS schema to SysML CXMI; — transformation of EXPRESS interface specification; — SysML constraints transformation from EXPRESS DERIVE attributes, except the ones used for renaming; — SysML constraints transformation from EXPRESS SUPERTYPE expressions; — SysML constraints transformation from EXPRESS GLOBAL rules; — SysML constraints transformation from EXPRESS WHERE rules. NOTE EXPRESS DERIVE attributes, EXPRESS SUPERTYPE expressions, EXPRESS GLOBAL rules and EXPRESS WHERE rules are transformed into OCL specifications. OCL specifications are integrated in the SysML model based on a separate process.

This document specifies requirements for the exchange of messages that contain master data consisting of characteristic data. These requirements can be checked by computer. The messages are suitable for exchange between organizations and between systems. EXAMPLE 1 A supplier sends a message to a customer. The message contains characteristic data describing an item that the customer is considering buying. The following are within the scope of this document: — conformance of master data messages to a formal syntax; — semantic encoding of master data messages; — conformance of master data messages to data specifications; — requirements on access to the data dictionaries that enable decoding of master data messages. The following are outside the scope of this document: — master data that are not characteristic data; — data that are not in messages; — messages that do not exchange master data between organizations or systems; EXAMPLE 2 A merchant sends a message to a credit card company. The message represents a credit charge transaction and does not exchange master data between the organizations. — recording the provenance of master data; EXAMPLE 3 ISO 8000‑120 addresses the capture and exchange of data provenance information. — accuracy of master data; EXAMPLE 4 ISO 8000‑130 addresses the representation and exchange of information about the accuracy of master data that consists of characteristic data. — exchange of data that are not master data; EXAMPLE 5 ISO 8000‑140 addresses the representation and exchange of information about the completeness of master data that consists of characteristic data. — management of master data internally within an organization; EXAMPLE 6 Data within an organization's enterprise resource planning or product data management system is out of scope. EXAMPLE 7 Making backup copies of data files containing master data is out of scope. — quality of data dictionaries; — a specific formal syntax for the exchange of master data. EXAMPLE 8 The ISO 9735 series, the ISO 13584 series, the ISO 15926 series and the ISO 22745 series specify formats that enable exchange of master data. The requirements in this document are considered necessary but not sufficient to achieve data quality with respect to exchange of master data. Issues such as the accuracy and provenance of master data also need to be addressed as part of an overall data quality strategy.

This document provides an overview and general principles of a digital twin framework for manufacturing including: — terms and definitions; — requirements of the digital twin framework for manufacturing.

This document identifies technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the reference architecture. The requirements for information exchange in the following networks are within the scope of this document: — user network that connects the user entity and the digital twin entity; — service network that connects sub-entities within the digital twin entity; — access network that connects the device communication entity to the digital twin entity and to the user entity; — proximity network that connects the device communication entity to the observable manufacturing elements.

This document examines the standardization requirements for the necessary digital validation technology for improving design efficiency by effectively utilizing simulation data at the functional design stage of digitally integrated products.

This document provides a reference architecture for the digital twin in manufacturing including; — reference model from domain and entity point of view; — functional view specifying functional entities supported by the entity-based reference model.