ISO/TC 44/SC 3 - Welding consumables

This document specifies requirements for classification of wire electrodes and weld deposits in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. One wire electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases. This document constitutes a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal. a) Clauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to wire electrodes classified to the system based on the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document. b) Clauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to wire electrodes classified to the system based on the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document. c) Clauses and tables which have neither the suffix letter "A" nor the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all wire electrodes classified in accordance with this document.

This document specifies the procedure to be used for deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis. This document applies to deposition of a weld metal pad by use of covered electrodes, wire electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding, tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding and for non-gas shielded metal arc welding, solid rods and tubular cored rods for gas tungsten arc welding, and wire-flux and strip-flux combinations for submerged arc welding or electroslag welding and cladding. This document is applicable to welding consumables for non-alloy and fine grain steels, high strength steels, creep-resisting steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels, nickel and nickel alloys, and copper and copper alloys.

This document specifies requirements for the classification of covered electrodes and deposited metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. This document is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based on the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based on the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal. a) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based on the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all weld metal in this document. b) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based on the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all weld metal in this document. c) Clauses, subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all covered electrodes classified in this document.

This document specifies the preparation of test pieces and specimens for all-weld metal tests in steel, nickel and nickel alloys. The test pieces and specimens are used to determine the mechanical properties of all-weld metal where required by consumable classification standards or for other purposes, in arc welding of steel, nickel and nickel alloys. This document is not applicable to single- or two-run welding or fillet welding. For these cases, ISO 15792‑2 and ISO 15792‑3 apply.

This document specifies the preparation of butt weld test pieces and specimens. The test pieces and specimens are used to determine the strength and impact properties of welded joints when testing welding consumables with single-run and two-run techniques. This document is applicable to welding consumables for arc welding of steel. This document is not suitable for electro-slag or electro-gas welding.

This document specifies requirements for the classification of solid wire electrodes, solid wires and rods for fusion welding of titanium and titanium alloys. The classification is based on their chemical composition. The compositions of solid wire electrodes for metal inert gas (MIG) welding are the same as solid wire electrodes, solid wires and rods for tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding, plasma arc welding, laser beam welding, and other fusion welding processes.

This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations (all-weld metal deposits) for submerged arc welding of creep resisting and low-alloy elevated-temperature application steels. One electrode can be tested and classified with different fluxes. The solid wire electrode is also classified separately based on its chemical composition. This document is a combined specification providing a classification system based on either: — the chemical composition of the solid wire electrode and all-weld metal deposit; or — the tensile strength of the all-weld metal deposit and the chemical composition of the solid wire electrode and all-weld metal deposit obtained with the electrode/flux combination. Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and all-weld metal deposits classified in accordance with the system based upon chemical composition. Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and all-weld metal deposits classified in accordance with the system based upon the tensile strength of all-weld metal deposits and the chemical composition of solid wire electrodes and all-weld metal deposits. Clauses, subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations classified under this document.

This document specifies requirements for classification of fluxes for submerged arc welding and electroslag welding for joining and overlay welding using wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes, and strip electrodes. NOTE This document was based on EN 760:1996.

This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes and deposited metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for manual metal arc welding of high-strength steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength greater than 570 MPa. This document is a combined specification providing a classification utilizing a system based on the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based on the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal. a) Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to covered electrodes classified under the system based on the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. b) Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to covered electrodes classified under the system based on the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. c) Subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all covered electrodes classified under this document.

This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wires and rods for fusion welding of copper and copper alloys. The classification of the solid wires and rods is based on their chemical composition.

This document specifies the method and apparatus for: — the measurement of the delta ferrite content, expressed as Ferrite Number (FN), in largely austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel[1] weld metal through the attractive force between a weld metal sample and a standard permanent magnet; — the preparation and measurement of standard pads for manual metal arc covered electrodes. The general method is also recommended for the ferrite measurement of production welds and for weld metal from other processes, such as gas tungsten arc welding, gas shielded metal arc welding and submerged arc welding (in these cases, the way of producing the pad should be defined); — the calibration of other instruments to measure FN. The method laid down in this document is intended for use on weld metals in the as-welded state and on weld metals after thermal treatments causing complete or partial transformation of ferrite to any non-magnetic phase. Austenitizing thermal treatments which alter the size and shape of the ferrite change the magnetic response of the ferrite. The method is not intended for measurement of the ferrite content of cast, forged or wrought austenitic or duplex ferritic-austenitic steel samples. [1] The term "austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel" is sometimes applied in place of "duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel".

This document specifies the sampling and analytical procedure for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in martensitic, bainitic, and ferritic steel weld metal arising from the welding of such steels using arc welding processes with filler material. The techniques specified in this document include collection of diffusible hydrogen via displacement of mercury or collection into a headspace filled with an inert gas such as argon. The amount of hydrogen collected is determined by measuring the displaced volume in the former and by, for example, thermal conductivity in the latter. The temperature for collection of diffusible hydrogen is controlled to avoid thermal activation of non-diffusible hydrogen. NOTE Recommendations and restrictions in regard to older methods of measurement using glycerine are given in Annex B for any comparison work to these older methods.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the efficiency, weld metal recovery and deposition coefficient of covered electrodes.

ISO/TR 22281:2018, based on round robin tests for chemical analysis conducted within IIW, considers interlaboratory reproducibility of measurement of trace element concentrations in steel and weld metals, and offers guidance in respect to application of accept/reject criteria in welding filler metal procurement as can be applied using, for example, ISO 14344 or API RP 934-A.

ISO 26304:2017 specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes, and electrode-flux combinations (the all-weld metal deposits) in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for submerged arc welding of high strength steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength greater than 570 MPa. One flux can be tested and classified with different electrodes. One electrode can be tested and classified with different fluxes. The solid wire electrode is also classified separately based on its chemical composition. This document is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based on the yield strength and average impact energy of 47 J for the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based on the tensile strength and average impact energy of 27 J for the all-weld metal. a) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and the all-weld metal deposits classified to the system based on the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J for the all-weld metal obtained with electrode-flux combinations in accordance with this document. b) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and the all-weld metal deposits classified to the system based on the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J for the all-weld metal obtained with electrode-flux combinations in accordance with this document. c) Clauses, subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode-flux combinations classified in accordance with this document. For comparison purposes, some tables include requirements for electrodes classified in accordance with both systems, placing individual electrodes from the two systems, which are similar in composition and properties, on adjacent lines in the particular table. In a particular line of the table that is mandatory in one system, the symbol for the similar electrode from the other system is indicated in parentheses. By appropriate restriction of the formulation of a particular electrode, it is often, but not always, possible to produce an electrode that can be classified in both systems, in which case the electrode, or its packaging, can be marked with the classification in either or both systems.

ISO 17633:2017 specifies requirements for classification of tubular flux and metal cored electrodes and rods, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of core, shielding gas, welding position and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for gas shielded and non-gas shielded metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels. ISO 17633:2017 is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon alloy type. a) Clauses, subclauses, and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to products classified using the system based upon nominal composition. b) Clauses, subclauses, and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to products classified using the system based upon alloy type. c) Clauses, subclauses, and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all products classified in accordance with this document. ISO 17633:2017 does not use pulsed current for determining the product classification.

ISO 544:2017 specifies technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes for fusion welding. ISO 544:2017 does not apply to other auxiliary materials such as shielding gases.

ISO 636:2017 specifies requirements for classification of rods and wires in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for tungsten inert gas welding of non-alloy and fine-grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. ISO 636:2017 is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to rods and wires classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document. b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to rods and wires classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document. c) Paragraphs and tables which have neither the suffix letter "A" nor the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all rods and wires classified in accordance with this document.

ISO 3580:2017 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal in the heat-treated condition, for manual metal arc welding of ferritic and martensitic creep-resisting and low alloy elevated temperature steels. This document is a combined specification for classification utilizing a system based upon the chemical composition of the all-weld metal, with requirements for the yield strength and impact energy of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the chemical composition of the all-weld metal. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to electrodes classified to the system based upon chemical composition, with requirements for the yield strength and impact energy of the all-weld metal under this document. b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to electrodes classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the chemical composition of all-weld metal under this document. c) Paragraphs and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all covered electrodes classified under this document. For comparison purposes, some tables include requirements for electrodes classified according to both systems, placing individual electrodes from the two systems, which are similar in composition and properties, on adjacent lines in the particular table. In a particular line of the table that is mandatory in one system, the symbol for the similar electrode from the other system is indicated in parentheses. By appropriate restriction of the formulation of a particular electrode, it is often, but not always, possible to produce an electrode that can be classified in both systems, in which case the electrode, and/or its packaging, can be marked with the classification in either or both systems.

ISO 14343:2017 specifies requirements for classification of wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wires and rods for gas-shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding, submerged arc welding, electroslag welding and laser beam welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels. The classification of the wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wires and rods is based upon their chemical composition. This document is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon nominal composition (system A), or utilizing a system based upon alloy type (system B). a) Paragraphs which carry the label "classification according to nominal composition" and the suffix letter "A", or "ISO 14343-A", are applicable only to products classified according to system A; b) Paragraphs which carry the label "classification according to alloy type" and the suffix letter "B", or "ISO 14343-B", are applicable only to products classified according to system B. c) Paragraphs which carry neither label nor suffix letter are applicable to products that can be classified according to either system A or B or both.

ISO 18276:2017 specifies the requirements for classification of tubular cored electrodes with or without a gas shield for metal arc welding of high-strength steels in the as-welded condition or in the post-weld heat-treated condition with a minimum yield strength higher than 550 MPa or a minimum tensile strength higher than 590 MPa. One tubular cored electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases, if used with more than one. ISO 18276:2017 is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal. - Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified under the system based upon the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. - Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified under the system based upon the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. - Subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all tubular cored electrodes classified under this document. It is recognized that the operating characteristics of tubular cored electrodes can be modified by the use of pulsed current but, for the purposes of this document, pulsed current is not used for determining the electrode classification.

ISO 20378:2017 specifies a classification for the designation of rods for gas welding of non‑alloy and creep-resisting steels in terms of the chemical composition of the rod.

ISO 3581:2016 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels. It is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification according to alloy type. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label "classification according to nominal composition" or "ISO 3581-A" are applicable only to products classified to that system. b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label "classification according to alloy type" or "ISO 3581-B" are applicable only to products classified to that system. c) Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to either or both systems.

ISO 14171:2016 specifies the requirements for the classification of electrode/flux combinations and weld metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for submerged arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels with minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. One flux can be classified with different solid wire electrodes and tubular cored electrodes. The solid wire electrode is also classified separately based on chemical composition. It is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy for weld metal of 47 J, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy for weld metal of 27 J. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to electrode/flux combinations and wire electrodes classified using the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy for weld metal of 47 J, in accordance with ISO 14171:2016. b) Clauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to electrode/flux combinations and wire electrodes classified using the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy for weld metal of 27 J, in accordance with ISO 14171:2016. c) Clauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all electrode/flux combinations and wire electrodes classified in accordance with ISO 14171:2016. Fluxes for the single-run and two-run techniques are classified on the basis of the two-run technique.

ISO 19288:2016 specifies requirements for the classification of solid wire electrodes, solid wires and rods for fusion welding of magnesium and magnesium alloys. The classification is based on their chemical composition. The compositions of solid wire electrodes for metal inert gas (MIG) welding are the same as solid wire electrodes, solid wires and rods for tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding, plasma arc welding, laser beam welding, laser-MIG hybrid welding and other fusion welding processes.

ISO 17777:2016 prescribes requirements for the classification of covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of copper and copper alloys. It includes those chemical compositions in which the copper content exceeds that of any other element.

ISO 17632:2015 specifies requirements for classification of tubular cored electrodes with or without a gas shield for metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels in the as-welded condition or in the post-weld heat-treated condition with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. One tubular cored electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases, if any. This International Standard is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal. 1) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this International Standard. 2) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this International Standard. 3) Paragraphs and tables which have neither the suffix letter "A" nor the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all tubular cored electrodes classified in accordance with this International Standard. It is recognized that the operating characteristics of tubular cored electrodes can be modified by the use of pulsed current, but for the purposes of this International Standard, pulsed current is not permitted for determining the electrode classification.

ISO 18273:2015 specifies requirements for classification of solid wires and rods for fusion welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys. The classification of the solid wires and rods is based on their chemical composition.

ISO 1071:2015 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding, wire electrodes for metal arc welding, tubular cored electrodes for metal arc welding with and without a gas shield, rods for TIG-welding, and rods for oxy-fuel gas welding of unalloyed cast irons. Classification is based on the chemical composition of wires and rods and on the all-weld metal deposit for tubular cored and covered electrodes.

ISO 14172:2015 prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

ISO 6848:2015 specifies requirements for classification of nonconsumable tungsten electrodes for inert gas shielded arc welding, and for plasma welding, cutting and thermal spraying. Information on conditions of use of these electrodes is given in Annex A (informative).

ISO 17634:2015 specifies requirements for classification of tubular cored electrodes used in the post-weld heat-treated condition for gas shielded metal arc welding of creep-resisting and low alloy elevated temperature steels. One tubular cored electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases. It is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the chemical composition of all-weld metal or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the chemical composition of all-weld metal.

ISO 16834:2012 specifies requirements for classification of wire electrodes, wires, rods and all-weld metal deposits in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated (PWHT) condition for gas shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert-gas welding of high-strength steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 500 MPa, or a minimum tensile strength greater than 570 MPa. One wire electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases. ISO 16834:2012 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal.

ISO 21952:2012 specifies requirements for classification of wire electrodes, wires and rods for gas shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert-gas welding of creep-resisting steels, and for their deposits in the as-welded or post-weld heat-treated condition. One wire electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases. ISO 21952:2012 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the chemical composition of wire electrodes, wires and rods with requirements for yield strength and average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength of the all-weld metal deposits and the chemical composition of wire electrodes, wires and rods.

ISO 15792-3:2011 specifies the preparation and assessment of fillet weld test pieces for conformity assessment of positional usability and root penetration requirements for consumables classification standards for welding non-alloy and fine grain steels, low alloy steels, stainless steels, and nickel base alloys. ISO 15792-3:2011 does not specify acceptance requirements.

ISO 12153:2011 specifies requirements for the classification of tubular cored electrodes for metal arc welding with or without a gas shield of nickel and nickel alloys. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

ISO 18274:2010 specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes or solid rods for fusion welding of nickel and nickel alloys. The classification of the solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes or solid rods is based on their chemical composition.

ISO 14344:2010 specifies tools for communication between a purchaser and a supplier of welding consumables within quality systems, such as those based upon ISO 9001. In production, the components of welding consumables are divided into discrete, predetermined quantities so that satisfactory tests with a sample from that quantity will establish that the entire quantity meets specification requirements. These quantities, known by such terms as heats, lots, blends, batches and mixes, vary in size according to the manufacturer. For identification purposes, each manufacturer assigns a unique designation to each quantity. This designation usually consists of a series of numbers or letters, or combinations thereof, which will enable the manufacturer to determine the date and time (or shift) of manufacture, the type and source of the raw materials used, and the details of the procedures used in producing the welding consumable. This designation stays with the welding consumable and can be used to identify the material later, in those cases in which identification is necessary. ISO 14344:2010, together with an applicable International Standard or other standard for welding consumables, provides a method for preparing those specific details needed for welding consumable procurement which consist of: a) the welding consumable classification (selected from the applicable International Standard or other standard for welding consumables); b) the lot classification; c) the testing schedule. Selection of the specific welding consumable classification, lot classification, and testing schedule depends upon the requirements of the application for which the welding consumable is being procured. ISO 14344:2010 does not apply to non-consumable electrodes or shielding gases.

ISO/TR 13393:2009 proposes a system for classifying hardfacing microstructures deposited by fusion welding processes.

ISO 14175:2008 specifies requirements for the classification of gases and gas mixtures used in fusion welding and allied processes including, but not limited to: tungsten arc welding (Process 141); gas-shielded metal arc welding (Process 13); plasma arc welding (Process 15); plasma arc cutting (Process 83); laser welding (Process 52); laser cutting (Process 84); arc braze welding (Process 972). Process numbers are in accordance with ISO 4063. The purpose of ISO 14175:2008 is to classify and designate shielding, backing, process and assist gases in accordance with their chemical properties and metallurgical behaviour as the basis for correct selection by the user and to simplify the possible qualification procedures.

ISO/TR 22824:2003 provides guidance, based on the experience of experts, for setting appropriate requirements, in specifications and other standards and contract documents, on ferrite content of nominally austenitic or duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld metals.

ISO 636:2015 specifies requirements for classification of rods and wires in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for tungsten inert gas welding of non-alloy and fine-grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa. This International Standard is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to rods and wires classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this International Standard. b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to rods and wires classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this International Standard. c) Paragraphs and tables which have neither the suffix letter "A" nor the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all rods and wires classified in accordance with this International Standard.

ISO 6847:2013 specifies the procedure to be used for deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis. ISO 6847:2013 applies to deposition of a weld metal pad by use of covered electrodes, wire electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding, tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding and for non-gas shielded metal arc welding, tubular cored rods for gas tungsten arc welding, and wire-flux combinations for submerged arc welding. ISO 6847:2013 is applicable to welding consumables for non-alloy and fine grain steels, high strength steels, creep-resisting steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels, nickel and nickel alloys, and copper and copper alloys.

ISO 24598:2012 specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode/flux combinations (all-weld metal deposits) for submerged arc welding of creep resisting and low-alloy elevated-temperature steels. One electrode can be tested and classified with different fluxes. The solid wire electrode is also classified separately based on its chemical composition. ISO 24598:2012 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the chemical composition of the solid wire electrode and all-weld metal deposit, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength of the all-weld metal deposit and the chemical composition of the solid wire electrode and all-weld metal deposit obtained with the electrode/flux combination.

ISO 3690:2011 specifies the sampling and analytical procedure for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in martensitic, bainitic, and ferritic steel weld metal arising from the welding of such steels using arc welding processes with filler metal. The techniques specified in ISO 3690:2011 include collection of diffusible hydrogen via displacement of mercury or collection into a headspace filled with an inert gas such as argon. The amount of hydrogen collected is determined by measuring the displaced volume in the former and by, for example, thermal conductivity in the latter. The temperature for collection of diffusible hydrogen is controlled to avoid thermal activation of non-diffusible hydrogen.

ISO 14174:2012 specifies requirements for classification of fluxes for submerged arc welding and electroslag welding for joining and overlay welding using wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes, and strip electrodes.

ISO 26304:2011 specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes, and electrode-flux combinations (the all-weld metal deposits) in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for submerged arc welding of high strength steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength greater than 570 MPa. One flux can be tested and classified with different electrodes. One electrode can be tested and classified with different fluxes. The solid wire electrode is also classified separately based on its chemical composition. ISO 26304:2011 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and average impact energy of 47 J for the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and average impact energy of 27 J for the all-weld metal. a) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and the all-weld metal deposits classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47J for the all-weld metal obtained with electrode-flux combinations in accordance with ISO 26304:2011. b) Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and the all-weld metal deposits classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J for the all-weld metal obtained with electrode-flux combinations in accordance with ISO 26304:2011. c) Clauses, subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter "A" or the suffix letter "B" are applicable to all solid wire electrodes, tubular cored electrodes and electrode-flux combinations classified in accordance with ISO 26304:2011. For comparison purposes, some tables include requirements for electrodes classified in accordance with both systems, placing individual electrodes from the two systems, which are similar in composition and properties, on adjacent lines in the particular table. In a particular line of the table that is mandatory in one system, the symbol for the similar electrode from the other system is indicated in parentheses. By appropriate restriction of the formulation of a particular electrode, it is often, but not always, possible to produce an electrode that can be classified in both systems, in which case the electrode, or its packaging, may be marked with the classification in either or both systems.

ISO 14372:2011 specifies a method for the relative ranking, by 24 h exposure to humid air and subsequent diffusible hydrogen testing, of manual metal arc electrode coatings related to their tendency to absorb moisture. This test method has limited potential applicability since it is unlikely to be capable of being scaled up for large volumes of testing.