ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics

This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from building information modelling (BIM) to geographic information systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user requirements. The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping mechanisms: — BIM to GIS perspective definition (B2G PD); — BIM to GIS element mapping (B2G EM); — BIM to GIS level of detail (LOD) mapping (B2G LM). This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems (see REF Annex_D \r \h Annex D 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000800000041006E006E00650078005F0044000000 ). Developing a unified information model between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document. This document is applicable to the following concepts: — definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description; — definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component; — definition of mapping for export from one schema into another. This document does not apply to the following concepts: — definition of any particular mapping application requirement and mechanism; — bi-directional mapping method between BIM and GIS; — definition of physical schema mapping between BIM and GIS; — definition of coordinate system mapping between BIM and GIS; — definition of relationship mapping between BIM and GIS; — implementation of the application schema. NOTE For cases involving requirements related to geo-referencing for providing the position and orientation of the BIM model based on GIS, other standards exist such as REF ISO_19111 \r \h ISO 19111 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000A000000490053004F005F00310039003100310031000000 and the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) from buildingSMART on Geo-referencing BIM.

This document: — specifies a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of spatial plan information on land/water and elements below/on/above the surface of the Earth with 2D/3D/4D (3D + time) geometric representation; — provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to: — plan unit, i.e. the smallest homogenous area/space (2D/3D/4D) with assigned function/purpose, e.g. office, education, retail; — plan block, i.e. a set of neighbouring plan units decided on by planning authorities, e.g. high-density residential area, nature area, heavy industry area; — plan group unit, i.e. areas corresponding to the higher planning levels; — plan group, i.e. hierarchy in spatial plans consisting of multiple plan blocks, e.g.: — continent/regional-wide (e.g. European regions), — country-wide (e.g. Indonesia, the Netherlands), — island, — state or region province, — municipality or city, and — urban or rural; — permit, i.e. something that is granted to a party which gives the party permission to undertake an activity which would otherwise be restricted; — defines terminology for spatial plan information as part of land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a platform for comparison and monitoring of spatial planning information based on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators; — provides an approach to modelling the integration of spatial plan information (outputs of spatial plans) into land administration; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; — enables the combining of land-use planning and land development planning in land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner; — allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing structure so that the sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. It reuses core LADM classes so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained; — establishes the common elements and basic schema for spatial plan information upon which a more detailed schema can be established. NOTE This document does not interfere with (national) and sub-national spatial planning laws.

This document defines the General Feature Model (GFM) as the metamodel for creating application schemas in the context of geo-information modelling. The GFM is explained and implemented as rules for creating and documenting application schemas, including principles for the definition of features. This document is applicable to: — conceptual modelling of features and their properties from a universe of discourse; — definition of application schemas; — general rules for using a conceptual schema language for application schemas; — rules for application schemas using UML as the conceptual schema language; — transition from the concepts in the conceptual model to the data types in the application schema; — integration of standardized schemas from other ISO geographic information standards with the application schema. This document does not apply to: — choice of one particular conceptual schema language for application schemas; — definition of any particular application schemas; — representation of feature types and their properties in a feature catalogue; — representation of metadata; — rules for mapping one application schema to another; — implementation of the application schema in a computer environment; — computer system and application software design; — programming.

This document: a) builds on the models established in ISO 19152-1 and ISO 19152-2 to cover the valuation aspect of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM); b) provides an abstract conceptual model covering: 1) values (assessed values, valuation procedures, mass valuation); 2) transaction prices; 3) sales statistics; 4) valuation units (parcel (legal space parcel), building, condominium unit, valuation unit group). c) provides terminology for the valuation component of land administration/georegulation, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; d) specifies a content model independent of encoding that can be employed as a basis for local, national and regional profiles for valuation processes; and e) enables the combining of valuation information from different sources in a coherent manner. NOTE This document does not interfere with national property valuation-related regulations with potential legal implications.

The objective of this document is to analyse gaps in geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor or indoor navigation services. This document: a) specifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; b) outlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; d) highlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.

This document: — defines a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land registration (including elements above and below the surface of the Earth); — provides an abstract, conceptual model with three packages and one sub-package related to: — parties (people and organizations); — basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRRs); — spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks and other geometry) with a sub-package on surveying and spatial representation (geometry and topology); — provides terminology for land administration (LA), based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a platform for comparison and monitoring that is based on indicators; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and — enables the combination of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner. The following is outside the scope of this document: — interference with (national) land administration laws with potentially legal implications; and — construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources, if available. This document provides the concepts and the detailed structure for standardization in the land administration domain.

Within the context of training data for Earth Observation (EO) Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning (AI/ML), this document specifies a conceptual model that: — establishes a UML model with a target of maximizing the interoperability and usability of EO imagery training data; — specifies different AI/ML tasks and labels in EO in terms of supervised learning, including scene level, object level and pixel level tasks; — describes the permanent identifier, version, licence, training data size, measurement or imagery used for annotation; — specifies a description of quality (e.g. training data errors, training data representativeness, quality measures) and provenance (e.g. agents who perform the labelling, labelling procedure).

This document analyses a feasible way to accommodate interoperability elements for the data component of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and extend the meta model framework for interoperability (MFI) in securing interoperability among heterogeneous domain information models under the smart city context. This document: a) outlines the interoperability issues for city domain information models; b) reviews relevant standards and best practices and examines methodologies or solutions to tackle the interoperability issues; c) supposes a use case and provides an example to secure interoperability among different domain information models using model registry; d) specifies technical requirements in concern about how to apply the interoperability elements of the meta model framework to support the interoperability of smart city services; e) highlights the standardization items to be developed to secure interoperability.

This document specifies the data structure and content of an interface that permits communication between position-providing device(s) and position-using device(s) enabling the position-using device(s) to obtain and unambiguously interpret position information and determine, based on a measure of the degree of reliability, whether the resulting position information meets the requirements of the intended use. A standardized interface for positioning allows the integration of reliable position information obtained from non-specific positioning technologies and is useful in various location-focused information applications, such as surveying, navigation, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and location-based services (LBS).

This document specifies the behaviour of Web APIs that provide access to features in a dataset independently of the underlying data store. This document defines discovery and query operations. Discovery operations enable clients to interrogate the API, including the API definition and metadata about the feature collections provided by the API, to determine the capabilities of the API and retrieve information about available distributions of the dataset. Query operations enable clients to retrieve features from the underlying data store based upon simple selection criteria, defined by the client.

This document specifies a Land Use Meta Language (LUML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different Land Use classification systems to be described. This document recognizes that there are a number of Land Use classification systems in existence. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic Land Use classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems. This document complements ISO 19144-2 on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) and can be used independently to describe Land Use or together with ISO 19144-2 to describe a combined Land Cover Land Use.

This document specifies provisions for the use of a conceptual schema language within the context of modelling geographic information. The chosen conceptual schema language is a subset of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This document specifies a UML profile for modelling geographic information. This document specifies a set of core data types for use in conceptual schemas. The standardization target type of this document is conceptual schemas describing geographic information.

This document specifies a core semantic classification system of essential indoor features to describe indoor environments required commonly in various location-based indoor applications of buildings. The scope includes the following: — semantic description of indoor features and their attributes; — feature association between indoor features. The semantic classification system in this document is compatible with the building model defined in existing related standards. Geometric and topological descriptions of indoor features are not considered in this document. This document does not apply to other architectural structures, such as tunnels.

This document specifies the concepts and structure for standardization for georegulation in the marine space. This document addresses the information structures related to management of legal spaces (such as the international maritime limits and boundaries, marine living and non-living resources management areas, marine conservation areas, etc.) and their related rights and obligations. This document establishes the common elements and basic schema to structure marine georegulation information system. It builds upon the common components defined in ISO 19152-1.

This document: — defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land administration/georegulation; — provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to: — parties (people and organizations), — basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRRs), — spatial units, — a generic conceptual model (sources and versioned object); — provides terminology for land administration/georegulation, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a content model independent of encoding, allowing for the support of various encodings; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; — enables the combining of land administration/georegulation information from different sources in a coherent manner. The following are outside the scope of this document: — interference with (national) land administration/georegulation laws with potentially legal implications due to the possibility of describing different types of systems but in the same notation; — construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources, if available. This document provides the concepts and basic structure for standardization in the land administration/georegulation domain. It defines a general schema that permits regulatory information to be described. It also allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing structure so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. This document establishes the common elements and basic schema upon which more detailed schema can be established.

This document specifies a Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different Land Cover classification systems to be described based on physiognomic aspects. This document recognizes that a number of Land Cover classification systems exist. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic Land Cover classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems.

This document focuses on assigning and maintaining addresses that allow the unambiguous determination of an object in the physical world for purposes of identification and location in the context of public administration and public service delivery. During assignment, an address is first associated with a particular object in the physical world. During maintenance, the address changes, for example, it is re-assigned to a different object, one or more of the address components are modified (e.g. a street name change), or the address is retired when it is no longer used. This document: a) specifies a good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data; and b) specifies a governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data. Very often local governments (e.g. municipalities) are assigned the mandate for the planning, implementation, evaluation and ongoing maintenance of addresses, and they are often supported by other organizations, such as the national government, a postal agency, private sector companies and national or regional organizations. This document is applicable to all organizations who have an interest, role or responsibility in address assignment and maintenance, for example in terms of: — developing legislation, policies or regulations for addressing; — facilitating and coordinating the naming of address components (the constituent parts of an address) and announcing and communicating these names; — installing address component signs in the physical world; — designing and implementing business processes related to address assignment and maintenance; — designing, implementing and maintaining access to address data; — developing software to facilitate the above; and — using addresses.

This document defines an integrated XML implementation of ISO 19115-1 and ISO 19115-2 by defining the following artefacts: — a set of XML schema required to validate metadata instance documents conforming to conceptual model elements defined in ISO 19115-1 and ISO 19115-2; and — a set of ISO/IEC 19757-3 (Schematron) rules that implement validation constraints in the ISO 19115-1 and ISO 19115-2 UML models that are not validated by the XML schema. This document describes the procedure used to generate XML schemas from ISO geographic information conceptual models related to metadata. The XML schemas are generated directly from the conceptual UML model (8.5).

This document establishes a standard registration and maintenance mechanism for the registration of ISO 19150-4-conformant geographic information service ontologies. This document makes use of ISO 19135-1 whenever appropriate. This document does not define semantics operators or rules for ontologies, and does not develop any application ontology. In relation to ISO 19101-1:2014, 6.2, this document defines and formalizes the following purposes of the ISO geographic information reference model: — geographic information service components and their behaviour for data processing purposes over the Web; and — OWL ontologies to cast ISO/TC 211 International Standards to benefit from and support the Semantic Web. In relation to ISO 19101-1:2014, 8.3, this document addresses the Application:Procedural foundation of the ISO geographic information reference model.

This document defines a coverage processing language for server-side extraction, filtering, processing, analytics, and fusion of multi-dimensional geospatial coverages representing, for example, spatio-temporal sensor, image, simulation, or statistics datacubes. Services implementing this language provide access to original or derived sets of coverage information, in forms that are useful for client-side consumption. This document relies on the ISO 19123-1 abstract coverage model. In this edition, regular and irregular multi-dimensional grids are supported for axes that can carry spatial, temporal or any other semantics. Future editions will additionally support further axis types as well as further coverage types from ISO 19123-1, specifically, point clouds and meshes.

This document defines a conceptual schema for coverages. A coverage is a mapping from a spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain to attribute values sharing the same attribute type. A coverage domain consists of a collection of direct positions in a coordinate space that can be defined in terms of spatial and/or temporal dimensions, as well as non-spatiotemporal (in ISO 19111:2019, “parametric”) dimensions. Examples of coverages include point clouds, grids, meshes, triangulated irregular networks, and polygon sets. Coverages are the prevailing data structures in a number of application areas, such as remote sensing, meteorology and mapping of depth, elevation, soil and vegetation. This document defines the coverage concept including the relationship between the domain of a coverage and its associated attribute range. This document defines the characteristics of the domain. The characteristics of the attribute range are not defined in this document, but are defined in implementation standards. Consequently, the standardization target of this document consists of implementation standards, not concrete implementations themselves.

The ISO 19124 series is focused on calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of remote sensing data, which are collected by a sensor on-board a platform in a mission, and products derived in part or whole from the data. The ISO 19124 series defines the metadata related to the calibration and validation process that has not been defined in other ISO/TC 211 International Standards. The metadata allows the data providers to provide a standardized description of the Cal/Val process they have applied to the data. It allows the data users to get the same forms of metadata from different data providers. This document addresses the overall framework and common calibration and validation processes related to Earth observation data and derived products from different types of remote sensors. Subsequent parts in the ISO 19124 series will target data from specific sensors, for example, infrared, ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared, microwave, or broadband, products derived from those data, and calibration and validation sites. Calibration addresses a geometric, radiometric, or spectral correction of the data. Validation addresses an evaluation of the quality and the accuracy of the data and the derived products.

This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.

This document establishes the principles for describing the quality of geographic data. It: — defines a well-considered system of components for describing data quality; — defines the process for defining additional, domain-specific components for describing data quality; — specifies components and the content structure of data quality measures; — describes general procedures for evaluating the quality of geographic data; — establishes principles for reporting data quality. This document is applicable to data producers providing quality information to describe and assess how well a dataset conforms to its product specification and to data users attempting to determine whether or not specific geographic data are of sufficient quality for their particular application. This document does not attempt to define minimum acceptable levels of quality for geographic data. Such information is usually present as a requirement in a data product specification, defined in accordance with ISO 19131, for example.

This document defines key terms for postal addressing, postal address components and constraints on their use. Specifically, this document specifies postal address components organized into three hierarchical levels: — elements, such as organization name or postcode, which have well-defined conceptual meaning and are not themselves made up of subordinate components, though they can be sub-divided for technical purposes; — constructs, such as organization identification, which group elements into units form a logical portion of a postal address; — segments, such as addressee specification, which group related postal address constructs and/or postal address elements into units with a specific defined function. This document also specifies a mechanism for the creation of sub-elements, which correspond to either sub-divisions of element content, such as door type or door indicator or to multiple occurrences and locations of elements in an address, such as levels of administrative regions. This document does not specify the length of any component nor the value range of any component. Moreover, this document specifies the codes to identify elements and sub-elements. Further, this document specifies postal address rendering rules. This includes: — identification and ordering of output lines in a rendered address; — conditions for the selection of candidate lines; — the order and concatenation of postal address components; — required and optional components; — parameters to contextualize an address for rendering; — the formatting of the components, subject to constraints on the space available for that task. Postal address rendering rules are represented in this document as a postal address template. Finally, this document specifies language suitable for computer processing to formally express postal address templates. This document does not cover the topic of data protection. Users of the document are nevertheless reminded that the storage and exchange of personal data are subject to legislation in many countries.

This document describes requirements for the specification of geographic data products, based upon the concepts of other International Standards in the ISO 19100 family of standards. It also provides guidance in the creation of data product specifications, so that they can be easily understood and fit for their intended purpose. This document specifies XML encoding of data product specifications. This document provides OWL representation of the underlying UML model. See Annex F. This document is intended for use by data producers, data providers, service providers and potential users of data products.

This document defines the calibration of space-borne passive microwave radiometers and the validation of the calibrated information.

This document specifies the representation of latitude and longitude and optionally height or depth compatible with previous editions of ISO 6709. This document also supports the representations of other coordinate types and time that can be associated with those coordinates as defined through one or more coordinate reference systems (CRS). This document describes a text string of coordinates, suitable for electronic data exchange, for one point, including reference system identification to ensure that the coordinates unambiguously represent the position of that point. Files containing multiple points with a single common reference system identification are out of scope. This document also describes a simpler text string structure for coordinate representation of a point location that is more suitable for human readability.

This document specifies an extension to the Geospatial API for Features — Part 1: Core standard that defines the behaviour of a server that supports the ability to present geometry valued properties in a response document in one from a list of supported Coordinates Reference Systems (CRS). Each supported CRS is specified by reference using a uniform resource identifier (URI). This document specifies: — how, for each offered feature collection, a server advertises the list of supported CRS identifiers; — how the coordinates of geometry valued feature properties can be accessed in one of the supported CRSs; — how features can be accessed from the server using a bounding box specified in one of the supported CRSs; and — how a server can declare the CRS used to present feature resources.

This document specifies the framework, concepts and methodology for conformance testing and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to the family of applicable standardization documents regarding geographic information and relevant application domains. This document provides a framework for specifying abstract test suites composed of abstract test cases grouped in conformance classes and for defining the procedures to be followed during conformance testing. Conformance can be claimed for data or software products or services or by specifications including any profile or functional standard. The structure of, and relationships between, conformance classes as defined in this document underly a systematic approach to configuration management involving managing dependencies within and between modules.

This document defines the XML Schema implementation of imagery sensor geopositioning models defined in ISO 19130-1 and ISO/TS 19130-2. It applies XML Schema inheritance and extension based on the OGC SensorML and OGC SWE Common Data Model. Instead of introducing an XML Schema based on the UML models defined in ISO 19130-1 and ISO/TS 19130-2, it leverages the existing OGC SensorML by first introducing a semantic mapping from the model elements defined in ISO 19130-1 and ISO/TS 19130-2 to OGC SensorML, and then defining the detailed schema inheritance and extensions based on OGC SensorML to fully support encoding of the imagery sensor models for geopositioning defined in ISO 19130-1 and ISO/TS 19130-2.

This document maps and describes the differences between GDF (ISO 20524 series), from ISO/TC 204, and conceptual models from the ISO 19100 family, from ISO/TC 211, and suggests ways to harmonize and resolve issues of conflict. Throughout this document, reference to GDF refers to GDF v5.1, ISO 20524-1 and ISO 20524-2, unless expressly identified otherwise. Where necessary, reference will be made to Part 1 or Part 2.

This document specifies a schema for feature concept dictionaries to be established and managed as registers. It does not specify schemas for feature catalogues or for the management of feature catalogues as registers. However, as feature catalogues are often derived from feature concept dictionaries, this document does specify a schema for a hierarchical register of feature concept dictionaries and feature catalogues. These registers are in accordance with ISO 19135‑1.

This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user requirements. The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping mechanisms: — BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD); — BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM); — BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM). This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document. The scope of this document includes the following: — definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description; — definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component; — definition of mapping for export from one schema into another. The following concepts are outside the scope: — definition of any particular mapping application requirement and mechanism; — bi-directional mapping method between BIM and GIS; — definition of physical schema mapping between BIM and GIS; — definition of coordinate system mapping between BIM and GIS. NOTE For cases involving requirements related to Geo-referencing for providing the position and orientation of the BIM model based on GIS, there exist other standards such as ISO 19111 and the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) from buildingSMART on Geo-referencing BIM. — definition of relationship mapping between BIM and GIS; — implementation of the application schema.

This document supports the definition of: — A Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) core comprising: — an RS using zonal identifiers with structured geometry, and — functions providing import, export and topological query, — Common spatio-temporal classes for geometry, topology, RS using zonal identifiers, zonal identifiers and zones, based on ISO 19111 CRS. The spatio-temporal scope is constrained to: — spatial elements that are invariant through all time, and — temporal elements that are invariant across all space. — Equal-Area Earth Reference Systems (EAERSs) for Equal-Area Earth DGGS.

This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.

This document specifies the behaviour of Web APIs that provide access to features in a dataset in a manner independent of the underlying data store. This document defines discovery and query operations. Discovery operations enable clients to interrogate the API, including the API definition and metadata about the feature collections provided by the API, to determine the capabilities of the API and retrieve information about available distributions of the dataset. Query operations enable clients to retrieve features from the underlying data store based upon simple selection criteria, defined by the client.

This document aims to extend the long-term preservation of digital geospatial data to provide details about content describing the provenance and context specific to data from missions that observe the Earth using spaceborne, airborne or in situ instruments.

This document specifies an implementation schema based on the content models for geographic imagery and gridded thematic data defined in the ISO/TS 19163-1. This document defines a structure that is suitable for binding content components and specific encoding formats. It also provides an implementation schema for binding a concrete, implementable, conformance-testable coverage structure as defined in ISO 19123-2.

This document — is a profile of ISO 19157; — establishes a set of data quality elements and measures for describing the quality of address data; — describes procedures for reporting data quality; — provides guidelines for the use of the established set of data quality elements and measures for describing the quality of address data. This document can be used by those evaluating and reporting the quality of address data such as address data managers, address data aggregators, and address data users. This document does not attempt to define minimum acceptable levels of quality for address data.

This document provides the basic information and the requirements related to the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), its definition, its realizations and how to access and use these realizations. This document: — describes ITRS following the definitions and terminology adopted by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU); — describes different categories of ITRS realizations: its primary realization, labelled the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), other existing realizations of reference systems that are mathematically derived from the ITRS, and realizations that are aligned to the ITRF, such as GNSS-specific reference frames; — categorizes procedures for realizing the ITRS.

The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in accordance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features. This document defines the XML Schema syntax, mechanisms and conventions that: — provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the description of geospatial application schemas for the transport and storage of geographic information in XML; — allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities; — support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities; — enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets; — support the storage and transport of application schemas and datasets; — increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe. Implementers can decide to store geographic application schemas and information in GML, or they can decide to convert from some other storage format on demand and use GML only for schema and data transport. NOTE If an ISO 19109 conformant application schema described in UML is used as the basis for the storage and transportation of geographic information, this document provides normative rules for the mapping of such an application schema to a GML application schema in XML Schema and, as such, to an XML encoding for data with a logical structure in accordance with the ISO 19109 conformant application schema.

This document facilitates an understanding of the Ubiquitous Public Access (UPA) context information model, as defined in ISO 19154, to establish a UPA-to-Geographic Information (GI) environment. In addition, this document illustrates how the UPA context information model is designed and implemented to provide an air quality information service from a geographic information system (GIS)-based air quality information system. The UPA context information model for air quality information is only a sample of all possible examples to realize the UPA-to-GI that could satisfy the requirements of ISO 19154.