ISO/TC 43/SC 1 - Noise

This document describes a test method for measuring in situ the sound absorption coefficient of road surfaces as a function of frequency in the range from 250 Hz to 4 kHz. Normal incidence is assumed. However, the test method can be applied at oblique incidence although with some limitations (see Annex F). The test method is intended for the following applications: — determination of the sound absorption properties of road surfaces in actual use; — comparison of sound absorption design specifications of road surfaces with actual performance data of the surface after completion of the construction work. The complex reflection factor can also be determined by this method.

This document specifies the essential characteristics of a test track surface intended to be used for measuring rolling sound emission of vehicles and their tyres. The surface design given in this document — produces consistent levels of tyre or road sound emission under a wide range of operating conditions including those appropriate to vehicle sound testing, — minimizes inter-site variation, — limits absorption of the vehicle sound sources, and — is consistent with road-building practice.

This document describes methods for checking laser profilometer performance with respect to the capability of such equipment in measuring pavement texture. The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure by which performance of various laser-based equipment for pavement texture measurements can be evaluated. The document includes guidelines and recommendations intended to assist users of laser profilometers in verification of their equipment. This document is not intended as the basis for qualifying or approving laser profilometers. The procedure aims at providing tools for verifying that such systems perform satisfactory in all respects important for the correct measurements of texture, as well as to detect when and in what way the performance is unsatisfactory. This document also provides some general information about the limitations and trade-offs of laser profilometer systems. Modern profilometers in use for measurements on pavements are almost entirely of the contactless type (such as laser point or line triangulation) designed for two- or three-dimensional measurements, and this document is intended for evaluating the performance of this type of profilometers. However, some other contactless types of profilometer can use applicable parts of ISO 13473. This document has been prepared as a result of a need identified to correct for unacceptable differences in results measured by various equipment, even if the operators of these claim that they meet the applicable part of ISO 13473. It is not intended for other applications than pavement texture measurement. To be able to exclude errors influenced by programming mistakes or wrong interpretation of ISO 13473‑1 a reference program code, digital profiles and calculated reference MPD-values can be reached via Annex A. This document is a complement to other parts of ISO 13473 in which some specifications are given but methods to check them are not included.

This document specifies the measurement method and conditions to obtain reproducible noise levels on-board all kinds of vehicles operating on rails or other types of fixed track, hereinafter conventionally called “unit”, except for track maintenance vehicles in working modes. This document is applicable to type testing. It does not include all the instructions to carry out monitoring testing or evaluation of noise exposure of passengers or drivers over a whole journey. This document is not applicable to guided buses. It provides measurement procedures for vehicle interior noise (in general, a vehicle type test is carried out using only a selected subset of these tests): — when the vehicle is moving at constant speed; — when the vehicle is stationary; — when the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating; — in the driver's cab when an external warning horn is sounding (specifically required for European Union regulation application) It does not provide measurement procedures for: — audibility or intelligibility of any audible signals; — assessment of warning devices other than warning horns. The assessment of noise exposure of train crew due to operational conditions is not in the scope of this document. The results can be used, for example: — to characterise the noise inside these units; — to compare the internal noise of various units on a particular track section; — to collect basic source data for units. The test procedures specified in this document are of engineering grade (grade 2), the preferred grade for noise declaration purposes as defined in ISO 12001. If test conditions are relaxed, for example as they are for monitoring of in-service trains, then the results are no longer of engineering grade. The procedures specified for accelerating and decelerating tests are of survey grade (grade 3).

This document specifies a method to predict the dynamic forces generated by an active component on a receiving structure from measurement on a test bench. It sets out the requirements applicable to test benches and setup measurement conditions of dynamic forces: a criterion of validity of transfer functions measurements can be established for example. The objective is to evaluate noise and vibrations generated by active components mounted on receiving structures, including the possibility to optimise vibration isolators. It can be applied to different systems connected to a building, such as a compressor or a power generator, or to systems connected to a vehicle body, such as an engine powertrain or an electrical actuator, for example.

This document specifies methods for recording the time history of the sound pressure produced either by shooting with calibres of less than 20 mm, or by detonation of explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent, within the shooting range at locations of interest, regarding the exposure to sound of the shooter, or any other person within the shooting range. The time history of the sound pressure can be the basis for further analyses of this type of sound at the locations of interest.

This document provides specifications for socio-acoustic surveys and social surveys which include questions on noise effects (referred to hereafter as “social surveys”). It includes questions to be asked, response scales, key aspects of conducting the survey, and reporting the results. It is recognized that specific requirements and protocols of some social studies may not permit the use of some or all of the present specifications. This document in no way lessens the merit, value or validity of such research studies. The scope of this document is restricted to surveys conducted to obtain information about noise annoyance “at home”. Surveys conducted to obtain information about noise annoyance in other situations, such as recreational areas, work environments and inside vehicles, are not included. This document concerns only the questions on noise annoyance used in a social survey and the most important additional specifications needed to accomplish a high level of comparability with other studies. Other elements which are required to provide high-quality social surveys, but which are not specific for social surveys on noise (such as sampling methods), can be found in textbooks (see References [1] and [2]). Conformity with the recommendations of this document does not guarantee the collection of accurate, precise or reliable information about the prevalence of noise-induced annoyance and/or its relationship to noise exposure. Other aspects of study design, as well as uncertainties of estimation and measurement of noise exposure, can influence the interpretability of survey findings to a great extent.

This document specifies methodology for qualifying acoustic spaces as anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces meeting the requirements of a free sound field. This document specifies discrete-frequency and broad-band test methods for quantifying the performance of anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces, defines the qualification procedure for an omni-directional sound source suitable for free-field qualification, gives details of how to present the results and describes uncertainties of measurement. This document has been developed for qualifying anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces for a variety of acoustical measurement purposes. It is expected that, over time, various standards and test codes will refer to this document in order to qualify an anechoic or hemi-anechoic space for a particular measurement. Annex D provides guidelines for the specification of test parameters and qualification criteria for referencing documents. In the absence of specific requirements or criteria, Annex A provides qualification criteria and measurement requirements to qualify anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces for general purpose acoustical measurements. This document describes the divergence loss method for measuring the free sound field performance of an acoustic environment.

This document provides technical guidance to achieve acoustic quality of open office spaces to support dialogue and formal commitment between the various stakeholders involved in the planning, design, construction or layout of open-plan workspaces: end customers, project owners, prescribers, consultants, etc. It is applicable to all open-plan offices in which the following activities are performed: — Space type 1: activity not known yet – vacant floor plate; — Space type 2: activity mainly focusing on outside of the room communication (by telephone/audio/video); — Space type 3: activity mainly based on collaboration between people at the nearest workstations; — Space type 4: activity based on a small amount of collaborative work; — Space type 5: activity that can involve receiving public; — Space type 6: combining activities within the same space. More specifically, this document applies to refitting projects of existing business sites (renovation and/or change or add activities) and layout projects for new spaces and spaces delivered unfurnished. It covers both the activities and the operations of the following stakeholders: — end customers: diagnosis, survey, expression of needs in keeping with their knowledge in the area of acoustics; — project owners: drafting contract specifications; — project management companies (architects, acousticians, ergonomists, economists and consulting engineers): indicating the performance of acoustic solutions and the layout principles used to achieve the result expressed in the specifications; — building traders: reaching a clear and verifiable target with respect to the choices of materials and implementation; — Building developer: promoting indoor environmental quality, including acoustic comfort, in estate operations in order to use it as a competitive element; — specialists in occupational health, safety and quality; — expert assessments and consultancy.

This document specifies two tyres intended to serve as reference tyres when using the close-proximity (CPX) method specified in ISO 11819-2. The CPX method is a method for evaluating different road surfaces with respect to their influence on traffic noise, under conditions when tyre/road noise dominates. This method ideally requires the use of standardized tyres, which have noise characteristics that are broadly representative of the effect of road surfaces on the noise emission of passenger car and heavy vehicle tyres. However, such tyres are not specified in ISO 11819-2. This document serves to specify these standardized tyres.

This document specifies the conditions for obtaining reproducible and comparable measurement results of the airborne sound emitted by vessels of all kinds, on inland waterways and in ports and harbours, except powered recreational craft as specified in the ISO 14509 series. This document is applicable to sea-going vessels, harbour vessels, dredgers, and all watercraft, including non-displacement craft, used or capable of being used as a means of transport on water. There are no limitations to the application of this document with regard to speed, length and height of vessels, as long as the ship is determined to act like a point source at the reference distance of 25 m. All noise data obtained in accordance with this document are referred to a reference distance of 25 m.

This document facilitates a standardized interpretation and a verifiably consistent software implementation of the sound propagation part of the calculation method CNOSSOS-EU:2015 according to ISO 17534-1. Other parts of CNOSSOS-EU:2015, such as the source models or the calculation method for aircraft noise, are beyond the scope of this document. This document provides an agreed interpretation of ambiguous aspects of the sound propagation part of CNOSSOS-EU:2015, a set of illustrative test cases along with reference solutions, and an example of a template form for the declaration of conformity for software manufacturers.

This document outlines strategies to be used in dealing with noise problems in existing and planned workplaces by describing basic concepts in noise control (noise reduction, noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure). It is applicable to all types of workplaces and all types of sources of sound which are met in workplaces, including human activities. It includes those important strategies to adopt when buying a new machine or equipment. This document deals only with audible sound.

This document deals with the technical aspects of noise control in workplaces. The various technical measures are stated, the related acoustical quantities described, the magnitude of noise reduction discussed, and the verification methods outlined. This document deals only with audible sound.

This document establishes general rules for the acoustic testing of air-terminal devices, air-terminal units, dampers and valves used in air diffusion and air distribution systems in order to determine sound power levels as defined in ISO 3741.

This document specifies a laboratory substitution method to determine the insertion loss without flow of ducted, mainly absorbent, circular and rectangular silencers, as well as other duct elements for use in ventilating and air-conditioning systems. NOTE Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers with superimposed flow are described in ISO 7235[5]. This document is applicable to silencers where the design velocity does not exceed 15 m/s. As the method does not include self-generated flow noise, this document is not suitable for tests on silencers where this type of noise is of great importance for the evaluation of the silencer performance. As most silencers, particularly in offices and dwelling, have design velocities below 15 m/s, this document can often be a cost-efficient alternative to ISO 7235[5]. The insertion loss determined according to this document in a laboratory is not necessarily the same as the insertion loss obtained in an installation in the field. Different sound and flow fields in the duct yield different results. In this document, the sound field is dominated by plane wave modes. Due to the use of regular test ducts, the results can include some flanking transmission via structural vibrations in the duct walls that sets an upper limit to the insertion loss that can be determined. This document is intended to be used for circular silencers with diameters of 80 mm to 2 000 mm or for rectangular silencers with cross-sectional areas within the same range.

This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in-situ through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.

This document specifies a method where a vibrating component (a source of structure-borne sound or vibration) is attached to a passive structure (or receiver) and is the cause of vibration in, or structure-borne sound radiation from, the assembly. Examples are pumps installed in ships, servo motors in vehicles or machines and plant in buildings. Almost any vibrating component can be considered as a source in this context. Due to the need to measure vibration at all contact degrees of freedom (DOFs) (connections between the source and receiver), this document can only be applied to assemblies for which such measurement is possible. This document is applicable only to assemblies whose frequency response functions (FRFs) are linear and time invariant. The source can be installed into a real assembly or attached to a specially designed test stand (as described in 5.2). The standard method has been validated for stationary signals such that the results can be presented in the frequency domain. However, the method is not restricted to stationary signals: with appropriate data processing, it is also applicable to time-varying signals such as transients and shocks (provided linearity and time invariance of the FRFs are preserved). This document provides a method for measurement and presentation of blocked forces, together with guidelines for minimizing uncertainty. It provides a method evaluating the quality of the results through an on-board validation procedure but does not comment on the acceptability or otherwise of the results.

This document specifies a test procedure, environment and instrumentation for measuring the exterior sound pressure levels from road vehicles under stationary conditions, providing a continuous measure of the sound pressure level over a range of engine speeds. This document applies only to road vehicles of categories L, M, and N equipped with internal combustion engines. Vehicles where an internal combustion engine cannot operate when the vehicle is at stationary conditions are outside the scope of this document. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. It is within the scope of this document to measure the stationary A-weighted sound pressure level during — type approval measurements of vehicle; — measurements at the manufacturing stage; — measurements at official testing stations; — measurements at roadside testing. This document specifices a test method to determine a reference sound level which is unique for the vehicle and therefore not suitable to compare against a general limit, as test condition, microphone condition location relative to the sound sources can vary significantly. The test conditions in proximity and at engine speeds significantly higher compared to real operation conditions in traffic are deliberately chosen to enable in-use tests at higher background conditions, which are typical for road-side checks. Technical background information is given in Annex A.

ISO 3740:2019 gives guidance for the use of a set of twelve basic International Standards (see Tables 1, 2 and 3) describing various methods for determining sound power levels from all types of machinery, equipment and products. It provides guidance on the selection of one or more of these standards, appropriate to any particular type of sound source, measurement environment and desired accuracy. The guidance given applies to airborne sound. It is for use in the preparation of noise test codes (see ISO 12001) and also in noise emission testing where no specific noise test code exists. Such standardized noise test codes can recommend the application of particular basic International Standard(s) and give detailed requirements on mounting and operating conditions for a particular family to which the machine under test belongs, in accordance with general principles given in the basic standards. ISO 3740:2019 is not intended to replace any of the details of, or add any additional requirements to, the individual test methods in the basic International Standards referenced. NOTE 1 Two quantities which complement each other can be used to describe the noise emission of machinery, equipment and products. One is the emission sound pressure level at a specified position and the other is the sound power level. The International Standards which describe the basic methods for determining emission sound pressure levels at work stations and at other specified positions are ISO 11200 to ISO 11205 (References [20] to [25]). NOTE 2 The sound energy level mentioned in ISO 3741 to ISO 3747 is not addressed in this document as it is not mentioned in any legal requirement. Its application is limited to very special cases of a single burst of sound energy or transient sound defined in ISO 12001.

This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics. The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method[13]. Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers. This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014[6]). Macrotexture depth measurements according to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of specifying a surfacing. This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface. This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g. Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials or pavement finishing techniques. The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture, can be used to assess the quality of pavements. This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications. Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B). NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example, References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.

This document is concerned with active noise reduction (ANR) earmuffs. It specifies the test methods for the determination of the active insertion loss and calculation procedures for deriving the total attenuation. For this aim, the values of sound attenuation in the passive mode also have to be known and are determined according to ISO 4869‑1. These methods are intended for steady noise exposures and are not applicable to noises containing impulsive components. The test methods account for the acoustical interaction between the wearer and the device using measurements of passive (REAT) and active microphone-in-real-ear (MIRE) measurements as specified in ISO 4869‑1 and ISO 11904‑1, respectively.

This document specifies methods of predicting the sound exposure level of shooting sound for a single shot at a given reception point. Guidelines are given to calculate other acoustic indices from the sound exposure level. The prediction is based on the angular source energy distribution of the muzzle blast as defined in ISO 17201-1 or calculated using values from ISO 17201-2. This document applies to weapons with calibres of less than 20 mm or explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent, at distances where peak pressures, including the contribution from projectile sound, are less than 1 kPa (154 dB). NOTE National or other regulations, which could be more stringent, can apply.

This document specifies a method to determine the acoustic source energy of the muzzle blast for calibres of less than 20 mm or explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent. It is applicable at distances where peak pressures less than 1 kPa (equivalent to a peak sound pressure level of 154 dB) are observed. The source energy, directivity of the source and their spectral structure determined by this procedure can be used as input data to sound propagation programmes, enabling the prediction of shooting noise in the neighbourhood of shooting ranges. Additionally, the data can be used to compare sound emission from different types of guns or different types of ammunition used with the same gun. This document is applicable to guns used in civil shooting ranges but it can also be applied to military guns. It is not applicable to the assessment of hearing damage or sound levels in the non-linear region. Suppressors and silencers are not taken into consideration in this document.

This document specifies procedures for measuring and reporting the noise emission of information technology and telecommunications equipment. NOTE 1 This document is considered part of a noise test code (see 3.1.2) for this type of equipment and is based on basic noise emission standards (see 3.1.1) ISO 3741, ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 9295 and ISO 11201. The basic emission quantity is the A-weighted sound power level, which can be used for comparing equipment of the same type but from different manufacturers, or for comparing different equipment. Three basic noise emission standards for determination of the sound power levels are specified in this document in order to avoid undue restriction on existing facilities and experience. ISO 3741 specifies comparison measurements in a reverberation test room; ISO 3744 and ISO 3745 specify measurements in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. Any of these three basic noise emission standards can be selected and used exclusively in accordance with this document when determining sound power levels of a machine. The A-weighted sound power level is supplemented by the A-weighted emission sound pressure level determined at the operator position or the bystander positions, based on basic noise emission standard ISO 11201. This sound pressure level is not a level of noise immission at a work station (see 3.2.12), but it can assist in identifying any potential problems that could cause annoyance, activity interference or hearing damage to operators and bystanders. Methods for determination of whether the noise emission includes prominent discrete tones are specified in Annex D. This document is suitable for type tests and provides methods for manufacturers and testing laboratories to obtain comparable results. The methods specified in this document allow the determination of noise emission levels for a functional unit (see 3.1.4) tested individually. The procedures apply to equipment which emits broad-band noise, narrow-band noise and noise which contains discrete-frequency components, or impulsive noise. The sound power and emission sound pressure levels obtained can serve noise emission declaration and comparison purposes (see ISO 9296[3]). NOTE 2 The sound power levels and emission sound pressure levels obtained are not intended to be considered as installation noise immission levels; however, they can be used for installation planning (see ECMA TR/27[11]). If sound power levels obtained are determined for a number of functional units of the same production series, they can be used to determine a statistical value for that production series (see ISO 9296[3]).

This document specifies three methods (the octave-band, HML and SNR methods) of estimating the A-weighted sound pressure levels effective when hearing protectors are worn. The methods are applicable to either the sound pressure level or the equivalent continuous sound pressure level of the noise. Although primarily intended for steady noise exposures, the methods are also applicable to noises containing impulsive components. It is possible that these methods could not be suitable for use with peak sound pressure level measurements. The octave-band, H, M, L or SNR values are suitable for establishing sound attenuation criteria for selecting or comparing hearing protectors, and/or setting minimum acceptable sound attenuation requirements.

This document specifies a subjective method for measuring sound attenuation of hearing protectors at the threshold of hearing. The method is a laboratory method designed to yield reproducible values under controlled measurement conditions. The values reflect the attenuating characteristics of the hearing protector only to the extent that users wear the device in the same manner as did the test subjects. For a more representative indication of field performance the methods of ISO/TS 4869‑5 can be used. This test method yields data which are collected at low sound pressure levels (close to the threshold of hearing) but which are also representative of the attenuation values of hearing protectors at higher sound pressure levels. An exception occurs in the case of amplitude-sensitive hearing protectors for sound pressure levels above the point at which their level-dependent characteristics become effective. At those sound pressure levels the method specified in this document is inapplicable, as it will usually underestimate sound attenuation for these devices. NOTE Due to masking from physiological noise in the occluded ear tests, sound attenuations below 500 Hz can be overestimated by a few decibels.

This document specifies requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for soundscape studies, investigations and applications. This document identifies and harmonizes the collection of data by which relevant information on the key components people, acoustic environment and context is obtained, measured and reported.

ISO 3743-2:2018 specifies a relatively simple engineering method for determining the sound power levels of small, movable noise sources. The methods specified in this document are suitable for measurements of all types of noise within a specified frequency range, except impulsive noise consisting of isolated bursts of sound energy which are covered by ISO 3744 and ISO 3745. NOTE A classification of different types of noise is given in ISO 12001.

ISO 22901-3:2018 specifies machine-readable descriptions of all fault symptom algorithms which are implemented as diagnostic software in an electronic control unit (ECU). The main use case is the standardized data exchange from a function & software supplier to a vehicle manufacturer (VM) in order to enable a tool-based information processing. Based on the FXD content and associated calibration values, several end user documents can be generated such as the "summary sheet" needed as part of the vehicle type approval documentation package or the "repair and maintenance information" (RMI). The expected main benefits of the FXD approach are an overall efficiency improvement as well as an independency of supplier- and VM-specific format handling.

ISO/TS 17536-2 defines standardized and repeatable test procedures for the evaluation of blowby oil aerosol separators and filtering devices and specifies laboratory gravimetric separation efficiency and system pressure tests in both open and closed crankcase ventilation systems. ISO/TS 17536-2 has a limitation of 0 % to 99 % for aerosol gravimetric efficiency. NOTE Gravimetric efficiencies >99 % may be difficult to measure due to long test durations and absolute filter weight measurements. Filter life is not evaluated in ISO/TS 17536-2. This test method only applies to devices that have a defined tubular inlet, outlet and drain that can be connected to the test equipment. For devices that lack such connections, for example, one that is built into a valve cover, see Annex A.

ISO 9296:2017 is applicable to information technology and telecommunications equipment. It specifies: a) for a batch of equipment, the method for determining the following values: - the declared mean A-weighted sound power level, LWA,m; - the declared mean A-weighted emission sound pressure level, LpA,m; - the statistical adder for verification, Kv; - the statistical upper limit A-weighted sound power level, LWA,c; b) how acoustical and product information is to be published electronically or in hard-copy format in technical documents or other product literature supplied to users by the manufacturer or declarer; c) the method for verifying the noise emission values that are declared by the manufacturer or declarer.

ISO 1996-2:2017 describes how sound pressure levels intended as a basis for assessing environmental noise limits or comparison of scenarios in spatial studies can be determined. Determination can be done by direct measurement and by extrapolation of measurement results by means of calculation. This document is primarily intended to be used outdoors but some guidance is given for indoor measurements as well. It is flexible and to a large extent, the user determines the measurement effort and, accordingly, the measurement uncertainty, which is determined and reported in each case. Thus, no limits for allowable maximum uncertainty are set up. Often, the measurement results are combined with calculations to correct for reference operating or propagation conditions different from those during the actual measurement. This document can be applied on all kinds of environmental noise sources, such as road and rail traffic noise, aircraft noise and industrial noise.

ISO 18243:2017 specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles. The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance, safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. The user is also supported to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems. ISO 18243:2017 enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan. NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in the EU Directive 2002/24/EC. NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660 (all parts).

ISO/TS 13471-1:2017 specifies procedures for determining the effect of temperature on tyre/road noise emission. Temperatures considered are tyre, road and ambient air temperatures. The noise emission for which this document is applicable is measured by means of ISO 11819‑2, or similar methods such as the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method specified in Reference [1]. Measurement results obtained at a certain temperature, which may vary over a wide range, are normalized to a designated reference temperature (20 °C) using a correction procedure specified in this document.

ISO 11819-2:2017 specifies a method of evaluating different road surfaces with respect to their influence on traffic noise, under conditions when tyre/road noise dominates. The interpretation of the results applies to free-flowing traffic travelling on essentially level roads at constant speeds of 40 km/h and upwards, in which cases tyre/road noise is assumed to dominate (although in some countries it is possible that tyre/road noise does not dominate at 40 km/h when the proportion of heavy vehicles is high). For other driving conditions where traffic is not free-flowing, such as at junctions or under heavy acceleration, and where the traffic is congested, the influence of the road surface on noise emission is more complex. This is also the case for roads with high longitudinal gradients and a high proportion of heavy vehicles. A standard method for comparing noise characteristics of road surfaces gives road and environment authorities a tool for establishing common practices or limits as to the use of surfacings meeting certain noise criteria. However, it is not within the scope of this document to suggest such criteria. ISO 11819-1 defines another method: the statistical pass-by (SPB) method. The close-proximity (CPX) method specified in the present document has the same main objectives as the SPB method, but is intended to be used specifically in applications that are complementary to it, such as: - noise characterization of road surfaces at almost any arbitrary site, with the main purpose of checking compliance with a surface specification (an example for conformity of production is suggested in Reference [1]); - checking the acoustic effect of maintenance and condition, e.g. wear of and damage to surfaces, as well as clogging and the effect of cleaning of porous surfaces; - checking the longitudinal and lateral homogeneity of a road section; - the development of quieter road surfaces and research on tyre/road interaction. NOTE This document does not describe the conditions of application for formal purposes of the measurement with the CPX method. Such conditions may be defined in other standards or legal texts. However, suggestions for the applicability of ISO 11819-1 and this document are provided in Annex D. Measurements with the CPX method are faster and more practical than with the SPB method, but are more limited in the sense that it is relevant only in cases where tyre/road noise dominates and power unit noise can be neglected. Furthermore, it cannot take heavy vehicle tyre/road noise into account as fully as the SPB method can, since it uses a light truck tyre as a proxy for heavy vehicle tyres and does not take power unit noise into account. The CPX method specified in this document is intended to measure the properties of road surfaces, not the properties of tyres. If the method is used for research purposes, to provide an indication of differences between tyres, the loads and inflations would normally be adjusted to other values than specified in this document.

ISO 17987-7:2016 specifies the conformance test for the electrical physical layer (EPL) of the LIN communications system. It is part of this document to define a test that considers ISO 9646 and ISO 17987‑4. The purpose of ISO 17987-7:2016 is to provide a standardized way to verify whether a LIN bus driver is compliant to ISO 17987?4. The primary motivation is to ensure a level of interoperability of LIN bus drivers from different sources in a system environment. ISO 17987-7:2016 provides all the necessary technical information to ensure that test results are consistent even on different test systems, provided that the particular test suite and the test system are compliant to the content of this document.

ISO 18300:2016 specifies the lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid battery or electric double layer capacitor to be used for automotive applications in voltage class A systems. document applies only to combinations of such electric energy storages that are integrated in a common housing. It specifies configurations, test procedures, and requirements for such combinations.

ISO 17987-6:2016 specifies the LIN protocol conformance test. This test verifies the conformance of LIN communication controllers with respect to ISO 17987‑2 and ISO 17987‑3. ISO 17987-6:2016 provides all necessary technical information to ensure that test results are identical even on different test systems, provided that the particular test suite and the test system are compliant to the content of this document.

ISO 17987-4:2016 specifies the 12 V and 24 V electrical physical layers (EPL) of the LIN communications system. The electrical physical layer for LIN is designed for low-cost networks with bit rates up to 20 kbit/s to connect automotive electronic control units (ECUs). The medium that is used is a single wire for each receiver and transmitter with reference to ground. ISO 17987-4:2016 includes the definition of electrical characteristics of the transmission itself and also the documentation of basic functionality for bus driver devices. All parameters in this document are defined for the ambient temperature range from −40 °C to 125 °C.

ISO 17987-3:2016 specifies the LIN protocol including the signal management, frame transfer, schedule table handling, task behaviour and status management and LIN master and slave node. It contains also OSI layer 5 properties according to ISO 14229‑7 UDSonLIN-based node configuration and identification services (SID: B016 to B816) belonging to the core protocol specification. A node (normally a master node) that is connected to more than one LIN network is handled by higher layers (i.e. the application) not within the scope of ISO 17987-3:2016.

ISO 17987-2:2016 specifies a transport protocol and network layer services tailored to meet the requirements of LIN‑based vehicle network systems on local interconnect networks. The protocol specifies an unconfirmed communication. The LIN protocol supports the standardized service primitive interface as specified in ISO 14229‑2. ISO 17987-2:2016 provides the transport protocol and network layer services to support different application layer implementations like - normal communication messages, and - diagnostic communication messages. The transport layer defines transportation of data that is contained in one or more frames. The transport layer messages are transported by diagnostic frames. A standardized API is specified for the transport layer. Use of the transport layer is targeting systems where diagnostics are performed on the backbone bus (e.g. CAN) and where the system builder wants to use the same diagnostic capabilities on the LIN sub-bus clusters. The messages are in fact identical to the ISO 15765‑2 and the PDUs carrying the messages are very similar. The goals of the transport layer are - low load on LIN master node, - to provide full (or a subset thereof) diagnostics directly on the LIN slave nodes, and - targeting clusters built with powerful LIN nodes (not the mainstream low cost).

ISO 17987-1:2016 gives an overview of the structure and the partitioning of ISO 17987 (all parts). In addition, it outlines the use case where the ISO 17987 (all parts) will be used. The terminology defined in ISO 17987-1:2016 is common for all LIN communication systems and is used throughout ISO 17987 (all parts). It has been established in order to define the use cases for LIN.

ISO/PAS 20065:2016 describes a method for the objective determination of the audibility of tones in environmental noise. It is intended to augment the usual method for evaluation on the basis of aural impression, in particular, in cases in which there is no agreement on the degree of the audibility of tones. The method described can be used if the frequency of the tone being evaluated is equal to, or greater than, 50 Hz. In other cases, if the tone frequency is below 50 Hz, or if other types of noise (such as screeching) are to be captured, then this method cannot replace subjective evaluation. The method presented herein can be used in continuous measurement stations that work automatically.