ISO/TC 135 - Non-destructive testing

This document defines the terms used in ultrasonic non-destructive testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use. This document does not cover specific terms used in ultrasonic testing with arrays. NOTE Terms used in ultrasonic testing with arrays are defined in ISO 23243.

This document specifies radioactive tracer methods for the detection of a leak in pressured vessels and underground pipelines. This document applies to leak testing in pressured vessels and underground pipelines using a radioactive tracer.

This document specifies the general principles for the application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique for both detection and sizing of discontinuities in low-alloyed carbon steel components. This document also applies to other types of materials, provided the application of the TOFD technique is performed with necessary consideration of geometry, acoustical properties of the materials, and the test sensitivity. Although this document is applicable, in general terms, for discontinuities in materials and applications covered by ISO 16810, it contains references to the application on welds. This approach has been chosen for reasons of clarity as to the probe positions and directions of scanning. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements specified in this document apply. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, this document is applicable to the following categories of test objects as specified in ISO 16811: — category 1, without restrictions; — categories 2 and 3, specified restrictions apply (see REF Section_sec_10 \r \h Clause 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310030000000 ); — categories 4 and 5 require special procedures, which are also addressed (see REF Section_sec_10 \r \h Clause 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310030000000 ). NOTE Techniques for the use of TOFD for weld testing are described in ISO 10863 and the related acceptance criteria are given in ISO 15626.

This document specifies the minimum image quality values (using IQIs) to ensure a uniform radiographic image quality. This document specifies the minimum IQI values for the two testing classes, A and B, of radiographic techniques as specified in ISO 5579. This document is applicable to the two types of image quality indicators as detailed in ISO 19232-1 for wire-type IQIs and ISO 19232-2 for step/hole-type IQIs, and for the two testing, classes A and B, as specified in ISO 5579.

This document provides an overview of the operation of a computed tomography (CT) system. This document specifies steps for interpretation of CT results with the aim of providing the operator with technical information to enable selection of suitable parameters. This document is applicable to industrial imaging (i.e. non-medical applications) and specifies a consistent set of definitions of CT performance parameters, including how these performance parameters relate to CT system specifications. This document is applicable to computed axial tomography. This document does not apply to other types of tomography such as translational tomography and tomosynthesis.

This document specifies principles for determination of the thickness of metallic and non-metallic materials using the contact technique or immersion technique, based on measurement of the time of flight of ultrasonic pulses only.

This document gives guidance on the qualification of the performance of a computed tomography (CT) system with respect to various testing tasks. This document is applicable only to industrial imaging (i.e. non-medical applications) and provides a consistent set of definitions of CT performance parameters, including the relationship between these performance parameters and CT system specifications. This document is applicable to industrial computed tomography. This document does not apply to other techniques of tomography such as translational tomography and tomosynthesis.

This document specifies the general principles and techniques for the characterization and sizing of previously detected discontinuities in order to ensure their evaluation against applicable acceptance criteria. This document is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in those materials and applications covered by ISO 16810. Phased array techniques can also be applied but additional steps or verifications can be needed.

This document specifies test methods and acceptance criteria, within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, for assessing the performance of equipment dedicated for determining thickness using pulse-echo ultrasound, e.g. according to ISO 16809. This document only specifies the verifications required for the determination of thickness. This document is applicable to instruments with numerical display and instruments with A-scan presentation, each using either single- or dual-transducer probes. The tests described in this document can be used for verifying equipment covered by ISO 22232-1 and ISO 22232-2 when used for thickness determination.

This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material and manufacture of a steel block for setting, checking and verification of ultrasonic test equipment used in manual testing.

This document specifies the general rules for setting the time-base range and sensitivity (i.e. gain adjustment) of a manually operated ultrasonic instrument with A-scan display in order that reproducible determinations can be made of the location and echo height of a reflector. This document is applicable to contact techniques employing a single probe with either a single transducer or dual transducers. This document does not apply to the immersion technique and techniques employing more than one probe.

This document specifies principles for the tandem technique and the longitudinal-longitudinal-transverse wave (LLT) technique for detection of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface or almost perpendicular to the surface. The general principles for ultrasonic testing of industrial products are described in ISO 16810. The tandem or LLT techniques can be used for the detection of embedded planar discontinuities. This document gives guidelines for the testing of metallic materials with a thickness between 40 mm and 500 mm with parallel or concentric surfaces. The procedures provided in this document can be used for testing of other materials or smaller thickness if special measures are taken according to a written testing procedure. Phased array techniques can also be applied for the tandem technique and the LLT technique, but additional steps or verifications can be needed.

This document specifies the general principles of X-ray computed tomography (CT), the equipment used and basic considerations of sample, materials and geometry. This document is applicable only to industrial imaging (i.e. non-medical applications) and provides a consistent set of definitions of CT performance parameters, including the relationship between these performance parameters and CT system specifications. This document is applicable to industrial computed tomography. This document does not apply to other techniques of tomography, such as translational tomography and tomosynthesis.

This document specifies the principles of ultrasonic through-transmission techniques. Through-transmission techniques can be used for: — detection of discontinuities; — determination of sound attenuation. The general principles required for the use of ultrasonic testing of industrial products are described in ISO 16810. The through-transmission technique is used for the testing of flat products, e.g. plates and sheets. Further, it can be used for tests, for example: — where the shape, dimensions or orientation of possible discontinuities are unfavourable for direct reflection; — of materials with high sound attenuation; — on thin test objects.

This document specifies the general principles for the ultrasonic testing of industrial products that permit the transmission of ultrasound. The specific conditions of application and use of ultrasonic testing, which depend on the type of product to be tested, are described in documents which can include: — product standards; — specifications; — codes; — contractual documents; — written procedures. This document specifies the minimum applicable requirements, unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents. This document does not specify: — extent of testing and scan plans; — acceptance criteria. This document describes only conventional probes, however, the general principles for ultrasonic testing also apply to ultrasonic testing using array techniques. If array techniques are used, then additional steps or verifications can be needed.

This document defines terms used in the field of computed tomography (CT). It presents vocabulary that is not only CT-specific but which also includes other more generic terms and definitions spanning imaging and radiography. Some of the definitions represent discussion points aimed at refocusing their terms in the specific context of computed tomography.

This document specifies characterization tests to be performed at the end of the fabrication of an array probe. It defines both methodology and acceptance criteria. This document is applicable to the following array probes used for ultrasonic non-destructive testing [phased array technique or signal processing technique, e.g. full-matrix capture (FMC) and total-focusing technique (TFM)] in contact technique (with or without a wedge or delay line) or in immersion technique, with centre frequencies in the range 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz: a) array probes with elements in one direction: — 1-D-linear array (linear array); — 1-D-curved array; — annular array; b) array probes with elements in two directions: — 2-D-array (matrix array); — sectorial annular array; — partial sectorial annular array. This document does not give methods and acceptance criteria to characterize the performance of an ultrasonic phased array instrument or the performance of a complete system, which are given in ISO 18563–1 and in ISO 18563–3.

This document specifies the general principles required for leak detection by acoustic emission testing (AT). It is addressed to the application of the methodology on structures and components, where a leak flow as a result of pressure differences appears and generates acoustic emission (AE). It describes phenomena of the AE generation and influence of the nature of fluids, shape of the gap, wave propagation and environment. The different application techniques, instrumentation and presentation of AE results are discussed. Also included are guidelines for the preparation of application documents which describe specific requirements for the application of the acoustic emission testing. Annex A gives procedures for some leak-testing applications.

This document specifies a test procedure for determination of the size of industrial radiographic gamma sources of 0,5 mm or greater, made from the radionuclides Iridium 192, Ytterbium 169, Selenium 75 or Cobalt 60, by a radiography method with X-rays. The source size of a gamma radiation source is an important factor which affects the image quality of gamma ray images. The source size is determined with an accuracy of ±10 % but typically not better than ±0,1 mm. The source size is provided by the manufacturer as the mechanical dimension of the source insert. A measurement can be required if the manufacturing process is validated or monitored after implementation of the source into the holder. This document can be used for other radionuclides after validation. The standard test method ASTM E1114 provides further information on the measurement of the Ir-192 source size, the characterization of the source shape, and its correct assembly and packaging.

This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, and manufacture of a steel step wedge standard block for the setting of an ultrasonic instrument.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1 000 kV X-ray voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and can be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. Compared to the other methods specified in the EN 12543 series and the ISO 32543 series, this method allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode). This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” technique and evaluated with a digital method. For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the specific FS (focal spot) values of Annex A can be used.

This document addresses ultrasonic test systems implementing array probes, for contact technique (with or without wedge) or for immersion technique, with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz. This document provides methods and acceptance criteria for determining the compliance of the complete system (see 3.2). Its purpose is for the verification of the correct operation of the system prior to testing or verification of the absence of degradation of the system. The methods are not intended to prove the suitability of the system for particular applications but are intended to prove the capability of the complete system (used for an application) to operate correctly according to the settings used. Tests can be performed on individual ultrasonic beams (for phased array technique, see 9.4.4) or on resulting images (for phased array technique and total focusing technique, see 9.4.3). The tests can be limited to the functions that are intended to be used for a certain application. This document does not cover the sensitivity setting of the system for a specific application. Nor does it apply to the characterization or verification of the mechanical scanning equipment. It is intended that these items will be covered by the test procedure. This document does not address the phased array technique using tandem technique. The characterization of beams, as recommended in case of dead elements or for more in-depth knowledge of the beams, is presented in Annex A. It is not applicable for signal processing technology using arrays. NOTE Unless stated otherwise, in this document ‘TFM’ and ‘TFM technique’ refer to the total focusing technique as defined in ISO 23243, and to related techniques, see for example ISO 23865 and ISO 23234.

This document describes the testing methodology based on acoustic emission (AE) for atmospheric and low-pressure (less than or equal to 50 kPa on top of the tank) metallic storage tank floors and the classification system to be used for test results. This document applies to acoustic emission testing (AT) for corrosion severity of atmospheric metal storage tank floors. The technique is limited to tank floors made of construction steel and relies on an active corrosion process. It applies only in cases where corrosion of the floor is the governing damage mechanism. Good results will be obtained providing corrosion conditions have not changed.

This document specifies an acoustic emission testing (AT) technique for metallic pressure equipment and the classification and evaluation of results. This document applies to acoustic emission (AE) detection and monitoring of active sources of newly manufactured and in-service metallic pressure equipment. This document does not apply to leak detection and in-service monitoring using AE. This testing method is not intended to be a stand-alone method for testing and evaluation of the pressure equipment. Other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods may be used to verify and supplement the AT results.

The function of an industrial radiographic illuminator is to provide sufficient diffuse light for viewing of developed radiographic films (radiographs). This document specifies the minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing radiographs.

This document specifies a concept of application of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines. Materials considered are carbon steel and stainless steel. This document does not include principles and criteria for underground facilities and the phased-array ultrasonic guided-wave testing scheme. Furthermore, this document consists of an optimized process to draw reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases. This document provides guidance on the use of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines made of carbon steel and stainless steel. The methodology outlined in this document includes an optimized process for achieving reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases, with adjustments made to the beam pattern of the GW's focus location based on the defect type, location, and frequency. The process also takes into consideration the distribution diagram of the guided waves and the characteristics of the selected mode, with optimal focusing and steering achieved by adjusting the excitation time delay for each transducer based on the number of circumferential arrangement intervals of a given array probe.

This document specifies the necessary system hardware components, the characteristics, the component requirements and conditions for the application of robotic ultrasonic test systems. This document specifies the general requirements and acceptance criteria for robotic ultrasonic test systems. This document is applicable to robotic ultrasonic test systems composed of one or more robot(s). Some of the characteristics of a robot ultrasonic testing system can be application-specific. This document is applicable to conventional straight-beam probes and immersion technique. This document is also applicable for phased array equipment, but additional tests can be necessary.

This document specifies a test method for integrated performance parameters specified in ISO 18251-1 of an infrared (IR) imaging system and related equipment used in non-destructive testing (NDT). It also aims to assist the user in the selection of an appropriate system for a particular testing task.

This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, manufacture and methods of use for calibration block No. 2 for setting and checking ultrasonic test equipment.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the receiving sensitivity spectra of a piezoelectric acoustic emission sensor, in absolute units of volts output per motion input, whereby the motion can be particle displacement (e.g. in nanometres) or particle velocity (e.g. in millimetres per second) over a frequency range used for acoustic emission testing, from 20 kHz to about 1,5 MHz, whereby the sensor is stimulated by a motion pulse in normal direction to the sensor’s face from a directly coupled piezoelectric transmitter. This document also specifies a method for the determination of the transmitting sensitivity spectrum of a piezoelectric transmitter in absolute units, for example, in nanometres output per volt input, by measuring both the particle displacement pulse over the transmitter’s active face and the transmitter’s input voltage spectrum, using a scanning laser vibrometer. This document does not include the known cancellation effects on a sensor’s response, when the angle of incidence differs from normal (90°) or when the length of the wave passing across the sensor’s sensitive face is shorter than about 10 times the dimension of the sensor’s sensitive face. This document does not specify a method to measure the influence of different materials on a sensor’s sensitivity, but this effect is addressed in Annex F. NOTE The methods described in this document can be considered for use with other than piezoelectric sensors, which detect motion at a flat face and work in the same frequency range.

This document specifies the functional characteristics of multi-channel ultrasonic phased array instruments used for array probes and provides methods for their measurement and verification. This document is also applicable to ultrasonic phased array instruments in automated systems; but other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. When the phased array instrument is a part of an automated system, the acceptance criteria can be modified by agreement between the parties involved. This document also can partly be applicable to FMC instruments and TFM instruments. This document gives the extent of the verification and defines acceptance criteria within a frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz.

This document specifies requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform industrial non-destructive testing (NDT) in the following methods. a) acoustic emission testing; b) eddy current testing; c) leak testing (hydraulic pressure tests excluded); d) magnetic testing; e) penetrant testing; f) radiographic testing; g) strain gauge testing; h) thermographic testing; i) ultrasonic testing; j) visual testing (direct unaided visual tests and visual tests carried out during the application of another NDT method are excluded). The system specified in this document is also applicable to other NDT methods or to NDT techniques within an established NDT method, provided a comprehensive scheme of certification exists and the NDT method or NDT technique is covered by international, regional or national standards or the NDT method or the NDT technique has been demonstrated to be effective to the satisfaction of the certification body. NOTE 1 The term "industrial" implies the exclusion of applications in the field of medicine. NOTE 2 CEN/TR 14748 provides guidance on the methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests. NOTE 3 This document specifies requirements for what are, in effect, third party conformity assessment schemes. These requirements do not directly apply to conformity assessment by second or first parties, but relevant parts of this document can be referred to in such arrangements. NOTE 4 The term “direct unaided visual testing” implies where there is an uninterrupted optical path from the observer’s eye to the test area and the observer uses no tools or devices (e.g. mirror, endoscope, fibre optic). NOTE 5 Calculations of strain based on other NDT methods are excluded.

This document specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. This document covers the temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C. Additional tests in ISO 3452-5 or ISO 3452-6 can be required outside this range. On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452‑1.

This document specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested using white light or UV-A (365 nm) radiation. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and not excessively porous (castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.) This document also includes requirements for process and control testing, but is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria. It gives neither information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment. NOTE 1 Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of penetrant testing products to be used are specified in ISO 3452-2 and ISO 3452-3. NOTE 2 The term "discontinuity" is used in this document in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included. NOTE 3 CEN/TR 16638 addresses penetrant testing using actinic blue light.

This document gives general provisions for applying ultrasonic testing with arrays using FMC/TFM techniques and related technologies. It is intended to promote the adoption of good practice either at the manufacturing stage or for in-service testing of existing installations or for repairs. Some examples of applications considered in this document deal with characterization and sizing in damage assessment. Materials considered are low-alloyed carbon steels and common aerospace grade aluminium and titanium alloys, provided they are homogeneous and isotropic, but some recommendations are given for other materials (e.g. austenitic ones). This document does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities. For the application of FMC/TFM to testing of welds, see ISO 23864.

This document defines terms used in ultrasonic testing with arrays. This includes phased array technology and signal processing technology using arrays, e. g. the full-matrix capture (FMC) (3.3.1.28) and the total focusing technique (TFM) (3.3.1.35).

This document provides general principles for thermoelastic stress measuring method of infrared thermographic testing in the field of industrial non-destructive testing (NDT).

This document specifies methods, tolerances and acceptance criteria for verifying the performance of combined ultrasonic test equipment (i.e. instrument, probes and cables connected) by the use of appropriate standard calibration blocks. These methods are specifically intended for manual test equipment, i.e. ultrasonic instruments according to ISO 22232-1, and for manual ultrasonic non-destructive testing with single- or dual-transducer probes according to ISO 22232-2. This document is also applicable for multi-channel instruments. For automated test equipment, different tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. The specified methods are intended for the use by operators working under site or shop floor conditions. These methods are not intended to prove the suitability of the equipment for particular applications. This document excludes ultrasonic instruments for continuous waves. This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array systems, see e. g. ISO 18563-3. If a phased array instrument is used in combination with single- or dual-transducer probes, this document is applicable to this combination.

This document specifies the characteristics of probes used for non-destructive ultrasonic testing in the following categories with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, focusing or without focusing means: a) single- or dual-transducer contact probes generating longitudinal and/or transverse waves; b) single-transducer immersion probes. Where material-dependent ultrasonic values are specified in this document they are based on steels having a sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for transverse waves. This document excludes periodic tests for probes. Routine tests for the verification of probes using on-site procedures are given in ISO 22232-3. If parameters in addition to those specified in ISO 22232-3 are to be verified during the probe's life time, as agreed upon by the contracting parties, the procedures of verification for these additional parameters can be selected from those given in this document. This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array probes, therefore see ISO 18563-2.

This document specifies methods and acceptance criteria within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, for assessing the electrical performance of digital ultrasonic instruments for pulse operation using A-scan display, for manual ultrasonic non-destructive testing with single- or dual-transducer probes. This document is also applicable for multi-channel instruments. This document can partly be applicable to ultrasonic instruments in automated systems, but other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. This document excludes ultrasonic instruments for continuous waves. This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array instruments, see e.g. ISO 18563-1. If a phased array instrument has dedicated connectors for single- or dual-transducer probes this document is applicable for these channels.

This document is used for non-destructive testing by the gamma ray scanning method for troubleshooting and testing process columns in industries. This document is applicable to the testing of all kinds of separation processes columns and pipes. This includes columns with different tray configurations and with packed beds.

This document describes the test method for determining residual stresses in polycrystalline materials by neutron diffraction. It is applicable to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials including those containing distinct phases. The principles of the neutron diffraction technique are outlined. Suggestions are provided on: — the selection of appropriate diffracting lattice planes on which measurements should be made for different categories of materials, — the specimen directions in which the measurements should be performed, and — the volume of material examined in relation to the material grain size and the envisaged stress state. Procedures are described for accurately positioning and aligning test pieces in a neutron beam and for precisely defining the volume of material sampled for the individual measurements. The precautions needed for calibrating neutron diffraction instruments are described. Techniques for obtaining a stress-free reference are presented. The methods of making individual measurements by neutron diffraction are described in detail. Procedures for analysing the results and for determining their statistical relevance are presented. Advice is provided on how to determine reliable estimates of residual stresses from the strain data and on how to estimate the uncertainty in the results.

This document gives requirements and recommendations for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs. It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission testing, eddy current testing, leak testing, magnetic testing, penetrant testing, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, visual testing, thermographic testing, and strain gauge testing. ISO/TS 25108 gives requirements and recommendations for NDT training organizations.

This document defines terms used in eddy current testing.

This document defines the general principles to be applied to non-destructive eddy current examination of products and materials in order to ensure defined and repeatable performance. It includes guidelines for the preparation of application documents which describe the specific requirements for the application of the eddy current method to a particular type of product.

This document specifies a test for damage qualification of reinforced concrete beams in services as bridges, docks and buildings.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12713, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Primary calibration of transducers ISO 12714, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Secondary calibration of acoustic emission sensors ISO 12716, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission inspection — Vocabulary ISO/TR 13115, Non-destructive testing — Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers by the reciprocity technique

This document establishes a measurement method for acoustic emission signals in concrete.

This document specifies the application of phased array technology for the semi- or fully automated ultrasonic testing of fusion-welded joints in steel parts with thickness values between 3,2 mm and 8,0 mm. This meets the typical range of tube wall thickness values in boilers, which is an important application of this testing technology. The minimum and maximum value of the wall thickness range can be exceeded, when testing level "D" of this document is applied. This document applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometry in plates, tubes, pipes, and vessels, where both the weld and parent material are low-alloy and/or fine grained steel. NOTE "Semi-automated testing" encompasses a controlled movement of one or more probes on the surface of a component along a fixture (guidance strip, ruler, etc.), whereby the probe position is unambiguously measured with a position sensor. The probe is moved manually. "Fully automated testing" includes mechanized propulsion in addition. Where material-dependent ultrasonic parameters are specified in this document, they are based on steels having a sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for transverse waves. It is necessary to take this fact into account when testing materials with a different velocity. This document provides guidance on the specific capabilities and limitations of phased array technology for the detection, location, sizing and characterization of discontinuities in fusion-welded joints. Ultrasonic phased array technology can be used as a stand-alone technique or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods or techniques, during manufacturing and testing of new welds/repair welds (pre-service testing). This document specifies two testing levels: — level "C" for standard situations; — level "D" for different situations/special applications. This document describes assessment of discontinuities for acceptance purposes based on: — height and length; — amplitude (equivalent reflector size) and length; — go/no-go decision. This document does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities.

This document gives requirements and recommendations for non-destructive testing (NDT) training organizations, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs. It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards. NOTE ISO/TS 25107 gives requirements and recommendations for NDT training syllabuses intended for training.