ISO/TC 45 - Rubber and rubber products

This document specifies the method for determination of the elongation under load and the residual deformation of coated fabrics.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of ash from raw rubbers, compounded rubbers and vulcanizates. The methods are applicable to raw, compounded or vulcanized rubbers of the M, N, O, R and U families described in ISO 1629 [1], except that: Method A is not used for the determination of ash from compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine; Method B is used for compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine. It is not applicable to uncompounded rubbers; Method C is intended to be used for the determination of ash from raw, compounded or vulcanized rubber not containing chlorine, bromine or iodine by wrapping the test portion in ashless filter paper; lithium and fluorine compounds can react with silica crucibles to form volatile compounds, giving low ash results. This document does not cover the interpretation of the ash results as to the inorganic chemical content of a compound or vulcanizate, which is the responsibility of the analyst, who must be aware of the behaviour of rubber additives at elevated temperatures.

This document specifies sampling and test methods for the determination of the general characteristics of organic chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants (including wax) and vulcanizing agents (excluding peroxides).

This document describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.

This document specifies the requirements for rubber tubing and hoses used in diesel fuel circuits for internal combustion engines. The diesel fuels covered include “bio-diesels” which consist of the methyl ester of rape seed oil at levels up to 20 % by volume in conventional diesel fuels. NOTE See Annex E for a detailed description of the “line call-out” used in tests for specific original equipment manufacturer (OEM) applications.

This document specifies infrared spectroscopic methods using the transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) methods for the identification of rubbers, including thermoplastic elastomers, either in the raw state or in the form of vulcanized or unvulcanized mixes. The methods specified are qualitative methods only.

This document specifies requirements for coated fabrics for upholstered furniture, manufactured by applying to one side of a woven cloth a substantially continuous coating of a suitably plasticized polymer of vinyl chloride, or a copolymer the major constituent of which is vinyl chloride. NOTE Such coatings are known as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coatings. This document is applicable to two grades (A and B) of PVC-coated woven fabrics.

This document specifies classes of dimensional and geometrical tolerances for rubber or plastics covered rollers and tests methods for the measurement of dimensions and geometries.

This document specifies the method for the determination of the volume of gas-leakage from the interface between hose and fitting or interface between tubing and fitting by assembly fault. NOTE See Annex A for an explanation of leakage determined by the test method in this document. Conception of leakage is shown in Figures A.1 and A.2.

This document specifies requirements for three types of helical-thermoplastic-reinforced thermoplastics hoses for suction and discharge of water, weak aqueous chemical solutions and abrasive solids and slurries, for use in the ambient temperature range from −10 °C to 55 °C. This document does not specify requirements for use with flammable or combustible materials, nor with aromatic solvents.

This document gives guidelines for inspection, recording procedures, packaging and storage of products, assemblies and components made from vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber prior to being put into circulation. It is applicable to both solid and cellular rubber products prepared from dry raw rubber, latex or other sources. It is not intended for use with raw rubber in bale, liquid (solution or emulsion) or particulate form, storage guidance for which is given in ISO 7664. NOTE The recommendations for packaging form an integral part of the controlled storage procedure, as well as providing means of identifying the material and product.

This document specifies requirements for two types, seven classes and three grades of wire- or textile-reinforced dredging hoses with nominal sizes ranging from 100 to 1 300. Such hoses are suitable for the delivery or suction of seawater or freshwater mixed with silt, sand, coral and small stones with a specific gravity in the range from 1,0 to 2,3 at ambient temperature ranging from -10 °C to +40 °C or for low-temperature hoses (designated -LT) ranging from -20 °C to +40 °C. This document covers two types of hose, as follows: type 1: floating type, for delivery only, which includes flotation material to give the hose buoyancy; type 2: submarine type for delivery and suction.

This document specifies the dimensions and construction of, and requirements for, four types of hose and hose assembly for use in all operations associated with the ground fuelling and defuelling of aircraft. All four types are designed for: use with petroleum fuels having an aromatic-hydrocarbon content not exceeding 30 % by volume; operation within the temperature range of −30 °C to +65 °C and such that they will be undamaged by climatic conditions of −40 °C to +70 °C when stored in static conditions. For LT hose, the temperature range of −40 °C to +65 °C and such that they will be undamaged by climatic conditions of −48 °C to +70 °C when stored in static conditions; operation at up to 2,0 MPa (20 bar) maximum working pressure, including surges of pressure which the hose can be subjected to in service.

This document specifies a method for determining the zinc oxide stability time (ZST) of natural rubber latex concentrate.

This document specifies a method for determining the zinc oxide viscosity of natural rubber latex concentrate.

This document specifies requirements for six types of wire-braid-reinforced hoses and hose assemblies of nominal size from 5 to 51. This document also specifies the hose of nominal size 63 for types 2SN and R2AT, and the hose of nominal size 76 for type 2SN. They are suitable for use with: oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C; water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to + 70 °C; water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to + 70 °C. This document does not apply to the connection ends. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies. NOTE 1 The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document establishes a vocabulary of, and is limited to, terms in general use throughout the rubber industry. It does not define terms intended for particular rubber products. NOTE 1 Refer to the Bibliography for a list of example vocabulary standards intended for particular rubber products. It does not define terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources, such as general dictionaries. NOTE 2 The terms are listed in the alphabetical order of the English terms, with an index to the corresponding English terms attached.

This document provides an introduction to the determination of vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds by means of curemeters. It describes the basic principles and general requirements for curemeters.

This document specifies a method for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of a rubber compound by means of an oscillating disc curemeter.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the compression stress/strain characteristics of low-density flexible cellular materials up to 250 kg/m3. It also specifies a method for the calculation of the compression stress value of such materials.

This document specifies laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials.

This document specifies requirements for ten classes, four grades and seven types of wire- or textile-reinforced hydraulic hoses and hose assemblies, of nominal sizes ranging from 5 to 102. Each class has a single maximum working pressure for all sizes. They are suitable for use with: — oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C for types AS, AC, BS and BC hoses and from −40 °C to +120 °C for types CS, CC and DC hoses; — water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +70 °C; — water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C. This document does not specify requirements for the connection ends. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document specifies two test methods for the determination of water content of raw rubber and compounded rubber using a coulometric Karl Fischer titration method: — method A uses an evaporator of heating tube type oven; — method B uses an evaporator of vial type oven. It applies to the water content range between 0,01 % and 1 %. In case of dispute, method B is the preferred method.

This document specifies measuring methods for the determination of biobased carbon contents in rubber and rubber products, including polyurethanes. The methods focus on carbon atoms in rubber or rubber products, and determine whether the carbon-containing component is biobased or not, judging from the concentration of 14C, radiocarbon isotope. This document applies to rubber and rubber products such as raw materials, materials and final products.

This document specifies a method for the rapid determination of the plasticity of raw rubber and unvulcanized compounded rubber. It is applicable to the determination of the plasticity retention index (PRI) as specified in ISO 2930.

This document specifies requirements for five types of compact, wire-braid-reinforced hoses and hose assemblies of nominal size from 5 to 76. They are suitable for use with: — oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C; — water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C; — water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C. This document does not include requirements for end fittings. It is limited to requirements for hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document specifies two test methods for the determination of water absorption resistance of rubber– or plastics-coated fabrics: — Method A: Using red ink, which is applied to coated fabric where water absorption phenomenon can be visually observed; — Method B: Using a water detection test paper.

This document establishes a system of symbols for the basic rubbers in both dry and latex forms, based on the chemical composition of the polymer chain. The purpose of this document is to standardize the abbreviated terms used in industry, commerce and government.

This document specifies: — the physical and chemical tests on raw rubbers; — the standard materials, the standard test formulations, the equipment and the processing methods to evaluate the vulcanization characteristics for general-purpose chloroprene rubbers (CRs).

This document specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film for the wrapping of: — natural rubber bales comprised of block natural rubber of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; — natural rubber ribbed smoked sheets, including bales of 33,3 kg, 35 kg, 50 kg and 111,11 kg; — modified natural rubber (e.g. epoxidized natural rubber, low-protein natural rubber) bales of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; — any other bale masses as mutually agreed between the parties, and intended to keep the bales separate during transportation and storage.

This document specifies the test methods for determination of a) the properties of the rubber material used to manufacture the elastomeric isolators, and b) the characteristics of elastomeric isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings or bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates which are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such elastomeric isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates. They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce deflection at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic isolators used for bridges, as well as rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric seismic isolators used to provide bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates, which are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the abrasion resistance of the outer cover of rubber and plastics hoses. This test method is suitable for hoses with inside diameters from 10 mm to 38 mm. This method is not intended for predicting product abrasion life but is suitable for the comparison of like-cover material products.

This document specifies a method of determining the coating adhesion strength of coated fabrics.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for rubber latex coated fabric gloves. This document is applicable for general use fabric gloves which are coated with natural rubber latex and fabric gloves which are coated with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber latex. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is not included in this document.

This document specifies the material requirements for preformed, solid vulcanized rubber structural gaskets in sealing and supporting applications for buildings. NOTE Specifications for non-supporting gaskets are given in ISO 3934.

This document specifies procedures for the quantitative determination of the microstructure of the butadiene portion and the content of styrene in solution-polymerized SBR (S-SBR) by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection (ATR) method. The styrene content is expressed in mass fraction relative to the S-SBR. The contents of three microstructure types, i.e. vinyl, trans and cis, are expressed in mol fraction relative to the butadiene portion in the S-SBR. This method is only applicable to raw rubbers. NOTE 1 Precision as shown in Annex A is not always possible to obtain for S-SBRs containing polystyrene block or styrene content more than 45 %. NOTE 2 Only “vinyl”, “trans” and “cis”, are used in this document. However, the expression of vinyl, trans and cis mean as follows in general: vinyl: vinyl unit, vinyl bond, 1,2-unit, 1,2-bond, 1,2-vinyl-unit or 1,2-vinyl-bond; trans: 1,4-trans unit, 1,4-trans bond, trans-1,4 unit or trans1,4 bond; cis: 1,4-cis unit, 1,4-cis bond, cis-1,4 unit or cis-1,4 bond.

This document specifies requirements for coated fabrics for upholstered furniture for interior use, obtained by applying to one side of a weft-knitted base cloth a substantially continuous coating of a suitably plasticized polymer of vinyl chloride, or a copolymer the major constituent of which is vinyl chloride. Such coatings are known as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coatings. This document covers fabrics coated with solid PVC. It also covers two grades with coatings consisting of a layer of expanded PVC.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the resistance of rubber to abrasion by means of a rotating cylindrical drum device. The methods involve determination of the volume loss due to the abrasive action of rubbing a test piece over a specified grade of abrasive sheet. Method A is for a non-rotating test piece and method B is for a rotating test piece. For each method, the result can be reported as a relative volume loss or an abrasion resistance index. These test methods are suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing, referee purposes and research and development work. No close relation between the results of this abrasion test and service performance can be inferred. NOTE The abrasion loss is often more uniform using the rotating test piece because the whole surface of the test piece is in contact with the abrasive sheet over the duration of the test. However, there is considerable experience using the non-rotating test piece.

This document specifies a method for the generation of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) in a road simulator laboratory that is representative of actual driving conditions. Guidance is provided for the road simulator system, test pavement and tyres, vacuum collection system, monitoring and reporting. This method is applicable for the collection of TRWP from a known pavement and tyre type under realistic driving conditions without the inference of road surface contaminants (e.g. brake dust, exhaust, grease). There is a possibility that this method is not relevant for studded tyres.

This document specifies the requirements for four types of hose and hose assemblies for use in airless paint spraying. The four types are differentiated by burst pressure and operating temperature, and can be constructed from rubber or plastic materials, or a combination of rubber and plastic material.

This document specifies a method to determine the plasticity retention index (PRI) of raw natural rubber. The PRI is a measure of the resistance of raw natural rubber to thermal oxidation. A high resistance to thermal oxidation is shown as a high value of the index. PRI is not an absolute value and cannot give an absolute classification of plasticity number of different natural rubber after oxidation.

This document explains the relationship of the ISO 22762 series to the design and testing of seismic isolation systems, including the relationship to national seismic codes.

This document specifies a method to identify the presence of phytosterol including β-sitosterol in natural rubber in raw and vulcanised forms.

This document specifies the procedures intended for use in estimating the resistance of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers to cracking when exposed, under static or dynamic tensile strain, to air containing a definite concentration of ozone, at a definite temperature and, if required, at a definite relative humidity in circumstances that exclude the effects of direct light. Either visual observation or image analysis, or both, are used to evaluate the formation and growth of cracks. The changes in physical or chemical properties resulting from exposure can also be determined. Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration are described in ISO 1431-3.

This document provides guidelines and specifies requirements for estimating the precision of rubber test methods by means of interlaboratory test programmes based on the procedures given in: — Method A using ISO 5725-1, ISO 5725-2 and ISO 5725-3; — Method B using ASTM D4483.

This document specifies three methods to determine the permeability to gas by measuring the volume of gas diffusing through a rubber or plastics hose or length of tubing used for gas applications in a specified time. — Method 1 is for determining the permeability of the complete hose wall or length of tubing wall, excluding end fittings, to the test gas. — Method 2 is for determining the permeability at the hose and fitting interface to the test gas. — Method 3 is for precisely determining the permeability of the complete hose or length of tubing, including end fittings.

This document specifies requirements for hoses and hose assemblies made of rubber and hose fittings made of metal, which are designed to convey saturated steam and hot water condensate. This document applies to the following two types of hoses and hose assemblies: — low pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 0,6 MPa (6 bar); — high pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 1,8 MPa (18 bar). Each type is divided into two classes, having either an oil resistant or non-oil resistant cover.

This document specifies a pyrolytic gas-chromatographic method for the determination of the styrene/butadiene/isoprene ratio in copolymers, or blends of homopolymers and/or copolymers, in raw rubbers or in unvulcanized or vulcanized compounds. It is applicable to copolymers/terpolymers consisting of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and blends of these polymers. NOTE 1 The use of this document pre-supposes sufficient working knowledge of the principles and techniques of gas chromatography for the analyst to perform the operations described and interpret the results correctly. NOTE 2 The styrene/butadiene/isoprene ratio determined by this test method is affected by the presence of resin and by a high level of sulfur.