ISO/TC 17 - Steel

This document specifies guidelines and requirements for conducting life cycle inventory (LCI) studies of steel products reflecting steel’s capacity for closed-loop recycling, including: specification of the declared unit used for LCI calculation of steel products; definition of the system boundaries used for LCI calculation of steel products; evaluation of scrap in LCI calculation of steel products; evaluation of co-products in LCI calculation of steel products; reporting of LCI calculation results of steel products. The application of LCI results, including life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), is outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of chromium content in steel and iron. The method is applicable to chromium contents between 1 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). This document applies to steel and iron with vanadium contents less than 1 % (mass fraction) for chromium contents higher than 10 % (mass fraction) and less than 0,2 % (mass fraction) for chromium contents less than 10 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method by using 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) for the determination of niobium in steel. The method is applicable to all types of steel with niobium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 1,3 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies guidelines for smart manufacturing technologies applicable to smart plants in the iron and steel industry, together with the basic requirements for these technologies as defined in the application guidelines. This document covers three dimensions related to the steel production process: smart production process design, smart equipment, and smart production. This document provides an overview of the potential applications of smart manufacturing technology in these scenarios, as well as the specific technical requirements it needs to meet. This document provides reference guidelines for the iron and steel industry to formulate smart factory upgrading plans to improve productivity and product quality. It is intended for use by iron and steel manufacturing enterprises, smart manufacturing technology vendors, and relevant public sector organizations, and is applicable to steel plants regardless of manufacturing process route, equipment configuration, plant size, geographic location, or product type. This document is not intended to be used for any form of evaluation or grading of steel plants or companies.

This document defines important terms used in the heat treatment of ferrous materials. Annex A provides an alphabetical list of terms defined in this document, as well as their equivalents in French, German, Russian, Chinese and Japanese. Table 1 shows the various iron-carbon (Fe-C) phases.

This document specifies a micrographic method of determining the non-metallic inclusions in rolled or forged steel products having a reduction ratio of at least 3 using the images of a standard reference chart or direct measurement by image analysis technologies. The standard reference chart described in this document is not entirely applicable for certain types of steel (e.g. free cutting steels).

This document specifies dimensions, shape, mass and tolerances of metric series hot-rolled steel bars. This document is applicable to: hot-rolled round bars with diameter of 5,5 mm up to 400 mm; hot-rolled square bars with side length of 5,5 mm up to 300 mm; hot-rolled flat bars with thickness of 3 mm up to 60 mm and width of 10 mm up to 200 mm; hot-rolled hexagonal bars with distance across opposite flats of 8 mm up to 70 mm; hot-rolled octagonal bars with distance across opposite flats of 16 mm up to 40 mm. NOTE Wide flats can be covered under flat bars for practical reasons.

This document specifies requirements for dimensions, sectional properties and tolerances for hot-rolled sections as follows: equal angle LE (L section); unequal angle LU (L section); sloping flange channel US (U section); sloping flange I beam IS(I section). This document is used together with technical delivery conditions especially, but is not limited, ISO 630-1, ISO 630-2, ISO 630-3, ISO 630-5 and ISO 630-6.

This document specifies requirements for single and double cold-reduced electrolytic chromium/chromium oxide-coated steel (ECCS) in the form of sheets or coils. Single cold-reduced ECCS is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm, from 0,150 mm up to and including 0,600 mm. Double cold-reduced ECCS is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm, from 0,100 mm up to and including 0,390 mm. This document applies to coils and sheets cut from coils in nominal minimum rolling widths of 600 mm.1) 1) Nominal minimum rolling widths of 500 mm may be applied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

This document specifies requirements for single and double cold-reduced blackplate in the form of coils which are generally intended for manufacturing electrolytic tinplate or electrolytic chromium/chromium oxide-coated steel (ECCS) according to ISO 11949[1] or ISO 11950[2]. This document applies to: — single cold-reduced blackplate which is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm from 0,150 mm up to and including 0,600 mm; — double cold-reduced blackplate which is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm, from 0,100 mm up to and including 0,390 mm. This document applies to coils in nominal minimum rolling widths of 600 mm1) with either trimmed or untrimmed edges. 1)Nominal minimum rolling widths of 500 mm may be applied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

This document specifies requirements for single and double cold-reduced low-carbon mild steel electrolytic tinplate in the form of sheets or coils. Single cold-reduced tinplate is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm, from 0,150 mm up to and including 0,600 mm. Double cold-reduced tinplate is generally specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm, from 0,100 mm up to and including 0,390 mm. This document applies to coils and sheets cut from coils in nominal minimum rolling widths of 600 mm.1) 1)Nominal minimum rolling widths of 500 mm can be applied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of manganese in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to manganese contents between 0,001 % (mass fraction) and 4,0 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.

This document specifies general requirements for steel spring wire of round cross-section, suitable for the manufacture of mechanical springs.

This document specifies requirements for oil-hardened and tempered carbon and low alloy steel wire, for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, in accordance with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

This document specifies requirements for cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications, in accordance with the general requirements of ISO 8458-1.

This document provides an overview of low-carbon technologies for the entire production process of the iron and steel industry, sets application in sintering, pelletizing, coking, ironmaking, steelmaking, continuous casting, rolling and other production processes. NOTE Low-carbon technologies in the iron and steel industry are constantly evolving. This document describes processes in different stages of maturity. There is heterogeneity in the decarbonization pathways among the steel enterprises. Therefore, not all low-carbon technologies covered in this document are equally applicable to all steel plants. Low-carbon technologies in the iron and steel industry are not limited to those listed in this document. This document will be revised as appropriate as technologies evolve.

This document specifies a procedure for the evaluation of centreline segregation of continuously cast slabs, including sampling, sample preparation and evaluation method. This document is applicable for low carbon steel slabs for pipe production manufactured by continuous casting. These steels have a typical chemical composition as follows (mass percentages): — C ≤ 0,12 % — Mn ≤ 2,0 % — Si ≤ 0,5 % — Ti + Nb + V ≤ 0,2 % The common dimensions of these slabs are in the following ranges: — Slab width: 800 mm to 2 600 mm — Slab thickness: 150 mm to 450 mm The evaluation methods covered by this document are based on macroscopic etching of slab samples followed by visual inspection by means of human eye or camera systems. The procedures for sampling described in 5.1 to 5.3 of this document are applicable to steels slabs in general (e. g. other steel grades or dimensions). However, the etching procedure (see 5.4) in combination with the evaluation methods described in Clause 6 have been developed especially for the application on pipeline steels as given above. Thus, they are not applicable to other steel grades, product types or dimensions without a prior validation. Any extension or modification beyond the scope of this document necessitates a separate agreement between producer and customer.

This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.

This document specifies adhesion test methods of steel cords which are used for tyre reinforcement.

This document provides specifications for metallographic method for determining the maximum local content of ferrite in an austenitic matrix of stainless steel.

This document specifies procedures for the rating and statistical analysis of non-metallic inclusions (referred to as inclusions hereafter) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), a backscattered detector (BSD) and automatic image analysis capabilities.

This document specifies a diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium in steel and iron. The method is applicable to titanium contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies the requirements and characteristics of round and flat wire used for strengthening the bead of all kinds of tyres.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of nickel content in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to nickel contents in the range of 0,002 % (mass fraction) to 0,5 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron. The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies test methods applicable to prestressing steel (bar, wire or strand) for concrete. This document does not cover the sampling conditions that are dealt with in the product standards.

This document specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment casting process. NOTE The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in this document form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.

This document specifies the requirements for hot-rolled and cold-reduced electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. The product is intended for the manufacture of formed or of miscellaneous parts, and can be supplied chemically treated to render it more suitable for painting.

This document applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of structural quality in grades CR220, CR250, CR280, CR320, and CH550, usually without the use of microalloying elements. The product is intended for structures that include bolting, riveting, and welding. It is generally used in the delivered condition for fabricating purposes, such as bending, forming, and welding. This document does not cover steels designated as commercial quality or drawing qualities (covered in ISO 3574), cold-reduced carbon steel sheet according to hardness requirements (covered in ISO 5954), cold-reduced steel sheet of higher strength with improved formability (covered in ISO 13887), or cold-reduced steel sheet of high tensile strength and low yield point with improved formability (covered in ISO14590).

This document specifies the requirements for steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths, metallic-coated by the continuous hot-dip process, with zinc and zinc-iron alloy coatings. The product is intended for applications requiring corrosion resistance, formability and paintability. The steel sheet is produced in a number of designations, coating masses, surface treatments and coating conditions designed to be compatible with differing application requirements. This document does not cover steel designated as structural quality, which are covered in ISO 4998.[1]

This document specifies requirements for ultra-low carbon high boron steel wire rod for copper cladded wire, mainly used in telecommunication cable (hereinafter referred to as wire rods). This document applies to wire rods with circular cross-sections and diameters of 5 mm to 20 mm.

This document specifies a method for the determination of chromium in steel and iron by potentiometric or visual titration. The method is applicable to chromium contents between 0,25 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). If vanadium is present, the visual titration is applicable only to test portions containing less than 3 mg of vanadium. NOTE The visual titration can be applicable to test portion containing between 3 mg and 6 mg of vanadium.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths, metallic-coated by the continuous hot-dip process, with zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy coating. The product is intended for applications requiring high corrosion resistance, formability and paintability. The steel sheet is produced in a number of quality designations and grades, coating type, coating mass, surface treatments and coating finish conditions designed to be compatible with differing application requirements.

This document specifies requirements for round, cold-drawn, high-tensile steel wire, that is either plain, indented, spiral ribbed or crimped. The product is supplied as mill coil wire or straightened and stress-relieved wire in coils or cut lengths, according to the general requirements specified in ISO 6934-1.

This document covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This document relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition given in Table 1, and mechanical properties in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

This document specifies a method for the determination of Mn, P, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Cu, V, Ti, As and Sn contents in low alloyed steel by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The method is applicable to the determination of Mn, P, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Cu, V, Ti, As and Sn within the ranges given in Table 1.

This document specifies calculation methods for the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of the plant where steel is produced through a blast furnace. NOTE The steel plant is generally called “the integrated steel plant”. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports steel producers to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies calculation methods applicable to manufacturers using an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce steel and having direct reduced iron (DRI) facilities within their premises. This document allows the user to cover those particular cases of agglomeration of iron ore on site. It can be used to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the emission factor of CO2 intensity of the entire steel production process. This document is applicable to plants producing mainly carbon steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports the steel producer to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies calculation methods to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the emission factor of CO2 per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. This document applies to plants that produce mainly carbon steel. It can be used by companies using EAF to manufacture steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition, and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. This document supports steel producers to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel. The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies a method for determining the hardenability of steel by end quenching (Jominy test) by using a test piece 25 mm in diameter and at least 100 mm long. By agreement and for a defined field of application, the test described in this document can be replaced by the calculation of the Jominy curve according to an accepted mathematical model.

This document specifies micrographic methods of determining apparent ferritic or austenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grain boundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal size distribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographic sectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, to the maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grain sizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistent grain size.

This document specifies requirements for round high tensile strength steel bars for the prestressing of concrete. The surface can be plain or threaded.

This document specifies a thiocyanate spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum contents in steel and iron. The method is applicable to molybdenum mass fractions between 0,005 % and 0,125 %. Vanadium and tungsten interfere with the measurement if, because of their contents, the V/Mo ratio is greater than 16 or the W/Mo ratio is greater than 8.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies requirements for non-alloy and alloy steels that are intended for cold heading or cold extruding and are delivered as wire rods, wire or bars. It also lists the specific requirements for: — steels not intended for heat treatment, with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex A); — case-hardening steels with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex B); — steels for quenching and tempering, including boron-alloyed steels, with diameters from 2 mm to 100 mm (see Annex C). This document (except Annex A) also applies to the properties of cold-headed or cold-extruded parts which have been subjected to a subsequent heat treatment. NOTE Stainless steels for cold heading and cold extruding are covered by ISO 4954-2.

This document specifies requirements for stainless steels that are intended for cold heading or cold extruding and are delivered as wire rods, wire or bars. It lists specific requirements for steels with diameters of 0,8 mm up to 50 mm for austenitic steels, up to 25 mm for ferritic steels and up to 100 mm for martensitic steels. This document is applicable to the properties of cold-headed or cold-extruded parts which have been subjected to a subsequent heat treatment. NOTE Non-alloy and alloy steels for cold heading and cold extruding are covered by ISO 4954-1.

This document specifies requirements for hot-rolled longitudinally profiled steel plates (LP steel plates). This document applies to hot-rolled LP steel plates with thickness between 4 mm and 400 mm for general structural and engineering purposes.