ISO/TC 22/SC 36/WG 7 - Traffic accident analysis methodology

This document describes the state-of-the-art of prospective methods for assessing the safety performance of vehicle-integrated active safety technologies by virtual simulation. The document describes how prospective assessment of vehicle-integrated technologies provides a prediction on how advanced vehicle safety technology will perform on the roads in real traffic. The focus is on the assessment of the technology as whole and not of single components of the technology (e.g. sensors). The described assessment approach is limited to “vehicle-integrated” technology and does not consider technologies operating off-board. The virtual simulation method per se is not limited to a certain vehicle type. The assessment approach discussed in this document focuses accident avoidance and the technology’s contribution to the mitigation of the consequences. Safety technologies that act in the in-crash or the post-crash phase are not explicitly addressed by the method, although the output from prospective assessments of crash avoidance technologies can be considered as an important input to determine the overall consequences of a crash. The method is intended as an overall reference for safety performance assessment studies of pre-crash technologies by virtual simulation. The method can be applied at all stages of technology development and in assessment after the market introduction, in which a wide range of stakeholders (manufactures, insurer, governmental organisation, consumer rating organisation) could apply the method.

This document defines the content and the layout of the rescue sheet providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident/incident to support the rescue team in rescuing the vehicle occupants as quickly and safely as possible. This document is applicable to buses, coaches and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. This document could be applicable also to other types of vehicles using similar technologies. The contents and layout considers that the rescue sheet has to be easy to use by rescue teams over the world and can be communicated in paper or electronic format. Applicable pictograms for use in the rescue sheet are provided in ISO 17840-3. Information related to propulsion energy identification is given in ISO 17840-4. The identification of the vehicle and of the model via a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call system (e.g. e-Call) system or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this document. The rescue process or the process of handling the rescue sheets is not covered by this document. NOTE The template for structuring of more in-depth rescue information is given in ISO 17840-3.

This document defines the template layout of the Emergency Response Guide (ERG) providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident to support the rescue team rescuing the occupants as quickly and as safely as possible, and to promote the correct action with respect to the vehicle technology concerned. The ERG also provides in-depth information related to fire, submersion and leakage of fluids. The ERG contains crucial and in-depth information linked to the rescue sheet (ISO 17840 parts 1 and 2), to inform training and development of rescue procedures. The headings/contents of the rescue sheet and the ERG information are aligned with each other, i.e. the ERG information works as an extension of the related rescue sheet. The template defines the layout and general contents, for ease of use by first and second responders. The guide can be communicated in paper or electronic format. The ERG template follows in principle a flowchart for the main actions of the first and second responders arriving at an accident scene or performing towing and other activities afterwards. The ERG can be related to a specific vehicle model, to a family of similar vehicle models, or to a certain type of vehicle technology in general. The ERG template provides a format for filling in the following necessary and useful emergency information: — relevant information for a vehicle involved in a traffic accident (including immobilisation, disabling of hazards, access to occupants, shut-off procedures, handling of stored propulsion energy); — information in case of fire or submersion; and — information regarding towing, transportation and storage. This document is applicable to passenger cars, buses, coaches, light and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. The proposed template can be beneficial for use also for other types of vehicles (e.g. trains, trams, airplanes), although this is out of the scope of this document. The identification of the vehicle and of the model via a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call system (e.g. e-Call) system or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this document. The rescue procedure or the process of handling the ERG is not covered by this document.

This document specifies information for the field collection of traffic accident data that is necessary or may assist in the evaluation of occupant restraint systems in passenger cars and trucks. The specific occupant restraints covered are seat belts, head restraints, knee protection, airbag systems and child restraint systems. This document does not cover an assessment of the structural performance of the vehicle for which items such as crush, intrusion, and structural architecture may be necessary.

This document defines the labels and related colours for indication of the fuel and/or energy used for propulsion of a road vehicle, especially for the case of new vehicle technology and/or power sources, including hybrid drive lines. The communication of propulsion energy and related hazards is made in a logical and modular way to facilitate the understanding. This document is applicable to passenger cars, buses, coaches, light and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. This document does not cover fuels being part of truck cargo. The usage of the label includes, but is not limited to, the rescue sheet (ISO 17840-1 and ISO 17840-2[1]) and the emergency response guide (ISO 17840-3[2]). [1]Under preparation. Stage at time of publication: ISO/DIS 17840-2. [2]Under preparation. Stage at time of publication: ISO/DIS 17840-3.

ISO 17840-1:2015 defines the content and the layout of the rescue sheet providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident to support the rescue team extricating the occupants as fast and as safe as possible. The contents and layout takes into account that the rescue sheet has to be easy to use by rescue teams of all over the world and can be available in paper or electronic format. ISO 17840-1:2015 is applicable to passenger cars and light commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. The identification of the vehicle and of the model through a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call systems (e.g. eCall) system or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this part of ISO 17840. The rescue process or the process of handling the rescue sheets is not covered by this part of ISO 17840. ISO 17840-1:2015 does not cover information related to education and training for rescue teams.

ISO/TR 12353-3:2013 describes the determination of impact severity in road vehicle accidents as defined in ISO 12353-2, based on recorded acceleration and velocity data and derived parameters from vehicle crash pulse recorders or event data recorders, including data from self-contained devices or vehicle integrated functionalities.

ISO 12353-2:2003 describes the suitability of various measures for the determination of impact severity in road vehicle accidents. It also summarizes the main characteristics of the methods used for determining impact severity.

ISO 6546:2006 specifies information for the field collection of traffic accident data that is necessary or may assist in the evaluation of occupant restraint systems in passenger cars and trucks. The specific occupant restraints covered by ISO 6546:2006 are seat belts, head restraints, knee protection, airbag systems and child restraint systems. ISO 6546:2006 does not cover an assessment of the structural performance of the vehicle for which items such as crush, intrusion, and structural architecture may be necessary.