ISO/TC 35 - Paints and varnishes

This document gives technical descriptions of X-Y measuring tables together with sample applications, sample evaluations and practical recommendations for visual and metrological evaluation as a supplement to the ISO 28199 series. This document intends to provide further information on this subject to interested parties.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of protection against corrosion of edges and stamping burrs by electro-deposition coatings. It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document gives guidelines on how to perform accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique (ACET) with organic protective coatings on metals. This document specifies the execution of an ACET test and the considerations relative to the samples and electrochemical cell, test parameters and procedure. This document also provides guidelines for the presentation of experimental results such as Bode plots and relaxation curves and other types of information obtained. Some typical examples are shown in Annex A.

This document specifies a method for the calculation of the lower explosion limit of a coating powder, i.e. the minimum concentration of the coating powder in air which will form an explosive mixture. It is based on the measurement of the gross calorific value of the product, as determined by the method described in ISO 1928.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of the resistance of coatings to pressure water-jetting. The test method simulates the effects pressure water-jetting has on a coating.

This document describes the main sources of error in the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the investigation of coatings and other materials. The sources of error listed here include all process steps from the set-up of the sample with the measuring cell right through to evaluation. NOTE The sources of error discussed here do not represent a complete list.

This document specifies three procedures to test the service life of a blast-cleaning abrasive under laboratory conditions. The performance of an abrasive is also measured by its ability to clean, via transmission of kinetic energy to the substrate in the blasting process. This document also specifies the procedures that can be performed in the same testing machines to help evaluate abrasive performance under laboratory conditions. This document applies to the testing of virgin metallic blasting media in the delivery state by centrifugal blasting under laboratory conditions.

This document specifies a method for determining the mass fraction in per cent (%) of a sprayed coating powder which is deposited on a test item under known spray gun and environmental conditions. The method is applicable to powders applied by corona or tribo charging and can be used to compare the deposition efficiency of different powders with the same or different gun with the same powder. This method is only used for comparison when powders or guns are evaluated consecutively, as the influence of the environment and the equipment can vary significantly with time and location.

This document specifies a liquid displacement pycnometer method for the determination of the density of coating powders. The method is based on a determination of the mass and the volume of a test portion. Coating powders with density 3, can be measured in accordance with ISO 1183-1 and the appropriate method, by agreement.

This document establishes a method for the estimation of the storage stability of thermosetting coating powders. It provides the procedures for determining the changes both in the physical state of a thermosetting coating powder and in its chemical reactivity, together with its capacity to form a satisfactory final coating.

This document specifies a method for estimating the flow properties of a mixture of coating powder and air. The results obtained are influenced by the composition of the coating powder, its density, particle size distribution and particle shape, together with the tendency of the particles to agglomerate and to accept a charge.

This document specifies a method for the determination of density for all types of coating powders using a gas comparison pycnometer.

This document specifies a method for determining the time for a thermosetting coating powder to gel at a specified temperature. A method is described for checking batch to batch variation and for the quality control of a given coating powder. The method is not applicable to coating powders with ultra-short gel times (less than 15 s).

This document specifies visual methods for the assessment of tendency to sagging, formation of bubbles, pinholing and hiding power of coating materials applied to a test panel under defined conditions, using spray application process. Assessment using measuring techniques is also described for all evaluations.

This document specifies methods for the determination of colour stability/colour evaluation, process hiding power, re-dissolving, overspray absorption, wetting, surface texture and mottling of coating materials applied to a test panel under defined conditions, using spray application process.

This document specifies the general principles of rotational and oscillatory rheometry. Detailed information is presented in Annex A. Further background information is covered in subsequent parts of the ISO 3219 series, which are currently in preparation.

This document specifies general terms and definitions that are used in the context of rotational and oscillatory rheometry. Further terms and definitions can be found in the other parts of the ISO 3219 series where they are used.

This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified e.g. in regulations. NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s). The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards. This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.

This document specifies a method for determining optical and dielectric constants in the UV-VIS-NIR spectral range as well as layer thicknesses in the field of at-line production control, quality assurance and material development through accredited test laboratories. It is applicable to stand-alone measuring systems. The presentation of the uncertainty of results conforms to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3.

This document defines terms relating to the evaluation of coating materials in research, development and production with regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes and error analysis. This document also specifies methods for the preparation of test panels and the subsequent measurement of film thickness, colour, surface texture and other measurable surface properties.

This document specifies a method for the gas-chromatographic determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of solvents contained in a product. The method is applicable to coating materials containing solely organic solvents (generally called conventional coating materials) and binder solutions and non-aqueous dispersions containing solely organic solvents. The method defined in this document is not applicable for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content. NOTE For determination of VOC and SVOC, see ISO 11890-2.

This document specifies a method for determining the deposition behaviour of an electro-deposition coating (e-coat) on various substrates and with various pre-treatments. It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for determining the re-solving effect of electro-deposition coatings. It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies methods for exposing coatings to fluorescent UV lamps, heat and water in apparatus designed to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in actual end-use environments to daylight, or to daylight through window glass. The coatings are exposed to different types of fluorescent UV lamps under controlled environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and/or water). Different types of fluorescent UV lamp can be used to meet all the requirements for testing different materials. Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other ISO documents for specific materials. General guidance is given in ISO 16474‑1. NOTE Fluorescent UV lamp exposures for plastics are described in ISO 4892‑3.

This document specifies general requirements and common specifications for preparing and aging panels coated with anti-fouling paint to perform laboratory bioassay screening tests against specified organisms. Such tests are given in the other parts of the ISO 21716 series, with which this document is intended to be used. This document is applicable to all anti-fouling paints that prevent or deter the attachment and growth of sessile organisms on a surface through chemical or biological means. It is not applicable to the following: — coatings that deter or prevent fouling solely by physical means such as biocide-free foul release paints; — anti-fouling methods used for controlling harmful marine organisms and pathogenic organisms in ships' ballast water and sediments according to IMO International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004[7].

This document specifies a laboratory test method for screening anti-fouling paints in a flow-through system using mussels as the test organism. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21716-1, which specifies the general requirements. The purpose of the test is to determine if there is a difference in mussel settlement on painted test panels compared with mussel settlement on inert non-toxic control panels under the conditions of the test. Examples of statistical analysis to determine if the difference in mussel settlement is statistically significant are given in Annex A.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for screening anti-fouling paints in a flow-through system using barnacle cyprid larvae as the test organism. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21716-1, which specifies the general requirements. The purpose of the test is to determine if there is a difference in barnacle settlement on painted test panels compared with barnacle settlement on inert non-toxic control panels under the conditions of the test. Examples of statistical analysis to determine if the difference in barnacle settlement is statistically significant are given in Annex A.

This document specifies a series of preparation grades for steel surfaces after removal/partial removal of water-soluble contaminants, rust, previous paint coatings and other foreign matter by high-pressure water jetting. The various grades are defined by written descriptions together with photographs that are representative examples within the tolerances for each grade as described in words. This document specifies both initial surface conditions and after-cleaning flash rust grades, also defined by written descriptions together with representative photographic examples. This document applies the cleanliness of the surface to its visual appearance. Consideration in addition to visual appearance is given to invisible contaminants and roughness or profile. Physical and chemical methods for testing for soluble salts and other invisible contaminants on the visually clean surface are found in the ISO 8502 series. The roughness or profile characteristics of the surface are found in the ISO 8503 series.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the level of free moisture present in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. It is determined by measuring the mass lost on heating. This document is one of a number of parts of ISO 11127 dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning. The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series. The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.

This document specifies a method for the sampling of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives from consignments and for the subdivision of the sample into quantities suitable for undertaking the appropriate test methods specified in ISO 11127-2, ISO 11127-3, ISO 11127-4, ISO 11127-5, ISO 11127-6 and ISO 11127-7. This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning. The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series. The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex B.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the particle size distribution of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives by sieving. This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning. The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series. The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.

This document specifies a method of assessing of whether a non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive has a minimum hardness of 6 on Mohs' scale. This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning. The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series. The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A. NOTE The test described in this document is a pass/fail test and is not a method for the accurate determination of hardness.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the apparent density of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning. The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series. The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.

This document specifies a field method for the determination of water-soluble chlorides in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. This field method is provided as a kit with all components and premeasured extraction solution. This document differs from ISO 11127-7 in that equal volumes of the sample of abrasive and extraction solution are used for the determination of chloride level in the abrasive. In comparison, ISO 11127-7 uses a weight to volume ratio of abrasive to solvent (deionized water) to extract soluble salts from the abrasive. It is intended for use in the field as compared to ISO 11127-7, which is well suited for use in the laboratory.

This document specifies the conditions to take into consideration when selecting the type of natural weathering and the natural weathering procedure to determine the resistance of coatings or coating systems (direct weathering or weathering behind window glass). Natural weathering is used to determine the resistance of coatings or coating systems (denoted in this document by coatings) to the sun's radiation and the atmosphere. This document does not take into account special atmospheric influences, e.g. industrial pollution.

This document specifies a method of extracting, for analysis, acid soluble contaminants from a surface by use of flexible cells in the form of adhesive patches or sleeves which can be attached to any surface, regardless of its shape (flat or curved) and its orientation (facing in any direction, including downwards). The described method is suitable for use in the field to determine the presence of acid soluble contaminants before painting or a similar treatment. This document does not cover the subsequent analysis of the contaminants that have been dissolved off. Methods of analysis suitable for field use are described in other parts of ISO 8502 such as ISO 8502-5. This document is similar in procedure to, but not equal to, ISO 8502-6. The main difference is the solvent used and the subsequent analysis that can be performed on the extraction solution.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the resistance of paint coatings and varnishes (including wood stains) to separation from substrates when a right-angle lattice pattern is cut into the coating, penetrating through to the substrate. The property determined by this empirical test procedure depends, among other factors, on the adhesion of the coating to either the preceding coat or the substrate. This procedure is not, however, a means of measuring adhesion. NOTE 1 Where a measurement of adhesion is required, see the method described in ISO 4624. NOTE 2 Although the test is primarily intended for use in the laboratory, the test is also suitable for field testing. The method described can be used either as a pass/fail test or, where circumstances are appropriate, as a six-step classification test. When applied to a multi-coat system, assessment of the resistance to separation of individual layers of the coating from each other can be made. The test can be carried out on finished objects and/or on specially prepared test specimens. Although the method is applicable to paint on hard (e.g. metal) and soft (e.g. wood and plaster) substrates, these different substrates need a different test procedure (see Clause 8). The method is not suitable for coatings of total thickness greater than 250 µm or for textured coatings. NOTE 3 The method, when applied to coatings designed to give a rough patterned surface, will give results which will show too much variation (see also ISO 16276-2).

This document establishes a valid method for separation of chemically heterogeneous polyethylene oxide (PEO) mixtures and for the determination the number and content of the chemically heterogeneous species in the overall sample. The method presented in this document serves as a technical guideline and enables laboratories to learn the principle of "critical chromatography" on a validated system. This method presented in this document with its stated system parameters is not applicable for other polymer classes, due to the diversity of the interactions between the polymer/mobile phase/stationary phase and the number of separation systems that are therefore available. The evaluation of the interlaboratory testing has shown that many error sources relate to the technique of liquid chromatography in general. Possible error sources are described in Annex A. Details on the evaluation of the interlaboratory testing are given in Annex B. Elugrams of the participants (excerpts) are given in Annex C. Investigations of the long-term stability of the test mixture are given in Annex D.

This document specifies a field method for the assessment of the surface density of various water-soluble salts on steel surfaces, before and/or after surface preparation, by conductometric determination. The individual surface densities of the salt composition like chlorides, sulphates, sodium, etc, cannot be determined by this method. This method assesses only contaminants that forms an electrolyte (ions) when in contact with water. These represent the greater part of the contaminants.

This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in DMAC (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system. The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.

This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This method is applicable to neutral polymers and polyanions (e.g. polycarboxylates, polysaccharides, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols and high-molecular polyethylene oxides). It is not applicable to polycations [e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, salts of poly(diallyl‑N,N‑dimethyl‑azacyclopentane), chitosan]. Despite good solubility in the mobile phase and even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system (see also Clause 12). The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction methods (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.

This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system. The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or of polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening. If absolute molar-mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.

This document establishes an overview of test methods in the field to determine flash point and combustibility of petroleum and related products. It presents advice on application and specification development. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive manual on flash point and combustibility tests, and the interpretation of test results, however it covers the key aspects on these subjects.

This document specifies a method for determining the fineness of grind of paints, inks and related products by use of a suitable gauge, graduated in micrometres. It is applicable to all types of liquid paints and related products, except products containing pigments in flake form (e.g. glass flakes, micaceous iron oxides, zinc flakes).

This document is applicable for the determination of VOC and SVOC with an expected VOC and/or SVOC content greater than 0,01 % by mass up to 100 % by mass. The method given in ISO 11890-1 is used when the VOC is greater than 15 % by mass. This document (method ISO 11890-2) applies when the system contains VOC and SVOC as the VOC result of ISO 11890-1 can be influenced by the SVOC. For VOC content smaller than 0,1 %, the head space method described in ISO 17895 is used as an alternative. ISO 11890-1 and ISO 17895 cannot be used for the determination of the SVOC content. NOTE 1 Some ingredients of coating materials and their raw materials can decompose during analysis and cause artificial VOC and/or SVOC signals. When determining VOC and/or SVOC for coating materials and their raw materials, these signals are artefacts of the method and are not taken into account (examples are given in Annex B). This method assumes that the volatile matter is either water or organic. However, other volatile inorganic compounds can be present and might need to be quantified by another suitable method and allowed for in the calculations. The method defined in this document is not applicable for determination of water content. NOTE 2 If organic acids or bases and their corresponding salts are present in the coating material or its raw materials, the amount that is quantified by this method might not be accurate due to a change in the acid or base equilibrium.

This document specifies a method for determining the electric charge density of an electro-deposition coating (e‑coat) for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies procedures for the sampling of paints and varnishes, including coating powders, and raw materials used in their manufacture. Such products include liquids and materials which, without undergoing chemical modification, are capable of being liquefied when heated up, and powdered, granulated and pasty materials. Samples can be taken from containers, for example cans, drums, tanks, tank wagons or ships' tanks, as well as from barrels, sacks, big-bags, silos or silo wagons or conveyor belts. This document does not deal with the sample preparation for testing or reduction of the samples thus taken, which is dealt with in ISO 1513.

This document specifies a method for determining the volatile-matter content of electro-deposition coatings (e-coats) during stoving (stoving loss) used for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for assessing the sedimentation of electro-deposition coating materials on horizontal surfaces used for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.