IFEK - Ferrous metals

This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables.
This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
—   High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
—   High static and cyclic load
—   For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

This document specifies the requirements for uncoated high strength steel strands of zinc or zinc alloy coated high strength steel strands, encapsulated with wax and a sheath for construction applications.
The document applies only to products as supplied by the manufacturer.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE   The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.

This document specifies a diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to titanium contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction).

ISO 15363:2017 specifies the ring hydraulic pressure test for metallic tubes. It is generally applied to tubes with an outside diameter greater than 120 mm and outside diameter to thickness ratio of not less than 20.
The objective of this test is to ascertain the value of the hoop stress required to produce a specified total circumferential (hoop) strain.

This document specifies test methods applicable to prestressing steel (bar, wire or strand) for concrete.
This document does not cover the sampling conditions that are dealt with in the product standards.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for welded tubes, of square and rectangular cross section, made from stainless steels, for mechanical and structural engineering and decorative use.

This document applies to hot rolled and cold rolled non-coated steel flat products made of multiphase steels for cold forming. It covers cold rolled products of thicknesses t < 3 mm and hot rolled products of thicknesses t ≤ 6,5 mm.
These products are delivered in sheet, hot rolled strip, slit hot rolled strip, cold strip, slit cold rolled strip or cut lengths obtained from slit wide strip.
Flat products of multiphase steels for cold forming can be delivered with an electrolytic zinc coating according to EN 10152.

This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for seamless and welded butt-welding fittings (elbows, concentric and eccentric reducers, equal and reducing tees, caps) made of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel in two test-categories which are intended for pressure purposes at room temperature, at low temperature or at elevated temperatures, and for the transmission and distribution of fluids and gases.
It specifies:
a)   type of fittings;
1)   type A: butt-welding fittings with reduced pressure factor;
2)   type B: butt-welding fittings for use at full service pressure;
b)   steel grades and their chemical compositions;
c)   mechanical properties;
d)   dimensions and tolerances;
e)   requirements for inspection and testing;
f)   inspection documents;
g)   marking;
h)   protection and packaging.
NOTE   The selection of the appropriate fitting (material, thickness) is the ultimate responsibility of the manufacturer of the pressure equipment (see European Legislation for Pressure Equipment). In the case of a harmonized supporting standard for materials, presumption of conformity to the ESRs is limited to technical data of materials in the standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, it is essential that the technical data stated in the material standard be assessed against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the PED are satisfied.

This document specifies the requirement for testing of special properties of hot-rolled steel sheet piles.

This document specifies the requirements for the design, performance and testing of fittings made of malleable cast iron (see also Clause 5, Materials) with compression ends for steel pipes.
This document applies to steel piping systems for different application fields, such as supply and distribution of gas, water for general purposes (e.g. irrigation) as well as for human consumption, aqueous liquids and pressurized air.
This document contains requirements and tests relating to compression fittings which can be connected to smooth walled steel pipes. The fittings can also incorporate other types of connection, such as threaded ends in conformance with EN 10226-1, flanged ends, compression ends for connection for pipes other than steel, and can also take on various structural shapes, such as straight adaptor piece, elbow or
T-piece. Their range of sizes covers nominal sizes DN 10 to DN 100 (fitting size 3/8 to 4).

This document specifies a method for the determination of chromium in steel and iron by potentiometric or visual titration.
The method is applicable to chromium contents between 0,25 % (mass fraction) and 35 % (mass fraction). If vanadium is present, the visual titration is applicable only to test portions containing less than 3 mg of vanadium.
NOTE   The visual titration can be applicable to test portion containing between 3 mg and 6 mg of vanadium.

This document specifies the composition of the base steel used for the production of tinplate for use in direct contact with foodstuffs or products for human and animal consumption as well as the composition of tin used to coat it. Tinplate can be produced with or without an organic coating.
The main examples of use are:
-   drinks cans,
-   food cans,
-   packaging of dry foods,
-   aerosol cans.
The material is chosen in accordance with the conditions for its use.
This document does not apply to categories of steel other than steel for packaging intended for use in contact with foodstuffs, products or beverages for human or animal consumption.

This document defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. It specifies general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grouped into two classes according to their manufacturing process:
-   hot-rolled grades;
-   cold-rolled grades.
NOTE   These materials correspond to EN 60404 1:2017, D.2.

This document specifies requirements for blackplate product in the form of coils intended for direct use and mostly for the production of electrolytically zinc coated plate, or coils electrolytically coated with either tin (tinplate) or chromium/chromium oxide (ECCS or ECCS-RC).
Blackplate can be a single or double reduced product and is specified in nominal thicknesses that are multiples of 0,005 mm from typical 0,10 mm up to 0,60 mm.
This document applies to coils in nominal minimum widths of 600 mm.
In addition to this document, the general technical delivery conditions of EN 10021 apply.
NOTE   Standard width coils for specific uses, e.g. tab stock, can be slit into narrow strip for supply in coil form.

This document specifies the base steel to be used and the composition of the metallic coating to be used for the manufacture of lacquered electrolytic chromium/chromium oxide coated steel and articles which, as a finished product, are intended for use in direct contact with foodstuffs or products for human or animal consumption.
The main examples of use are:
-   drinks cans,
-   food cans,
-   closures and ends.
The material should be chosen in accordance with the conditions for its use.
This standard does not apply to categories of steel other than steel for packaging intended for use in contact with foodstuffs, products or beverages for human consumption or animal consumption.

This document specifies the maximum content for alloying and residual elements (see Table 1) present in steel (usually called blackplate) used in the manufacture of packaging and packaging components or for coated steel which, as a finished product, are intended for use in direct contact with foodstuffs, products and beverages for human and pet food. For such use blackplate is normally coated but can be used uncoated for some fatty or dry products.
The main examples of use are:
-   tinplate and electrolytic chromium/chromium oxide coated steel for the manufacture of food and beverage cans ;
-    cans for conditioning foodstuffs (sugar, tea, cake, chocolate, pasta, etc.) ;
-   non-mineral oil drums, kegs, barrels.
The choice of material should be appropriate for the conditions of use.
This standard applies to cold-rolled strips in the form a coil or sheets.
This standard does not apply to categories of steel other than steel for packaging intended for use in contact with foodstuffs, products or beverages for human or animal consumption.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, with specified elevated temperature properties, made of non-alloy and alloy steel.
This Part of EN 10216 is also be applied for tubes of non-circular cross section; necessary modification will be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright steel products in the drawn, peeled/turned or additional ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts. The bright steel products are subdivided into the following steel types:
a)       non-alloy general engineering steels;
b)       non-alloy free-cutting steels;
c)        non-alloy and alloy case-hardening steels;
d)       non-alloy and alloy steels for quenching and tempering.
Bright products of stainless steels are not part of this document, they are covered by ISO 16143-4.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of acid-soluble and/or total aluminium in non-alloyed steel.
The method is applicable to aluminium contents between 0,005 % (mass fraction) and 0,20 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for hot or cold rolled sheet/plate and strip of standard grades and special grades of corrosion resistant stainless steels for general purposes.
NOTE   General purposes include the use of stainless steels in contact with foodstuffs.
The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021 apply in addition to the specifications of this document, unless otherwise specified in the document.
This document does not apply to components manufactured by further processing of the product forms listed above with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).

This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a)   the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b)   the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).

This document specifies the tolerances on dimensions, squareness of ends, straightness and mass of hot rolled steel sheet piles and is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 10248-1.
The products specified are for general, structural and civil engineering works. The types of steel sheet piles covered by this document are: Z-shaped, U-shaped, straight web, H-shaped with their interlocking bars.
This document also specifies options that can be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of the order and enquiry.

This document specifies the tolerances on dimensions, squareness of ends, straightness and mass of cold formed steel sheet piles and is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 10249-1.
This document specifies the tolerances of cold formed steel sheet piles produced from hot rolled strip or sheet with a thickness equal to or greater than 3 mm.
The products specified are for general, structural and civil engineering works. The types of steel sheet piles covered by this document are: Z-shaped, Omega-shaped and trench sheets.
This document also specifies options that can be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of the order and enquiry.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution factor, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. These highly resistant nitrides have been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0,000 5 % (by mass) to 0,005 % (by mass).
The precision data of the present method are given in Annex A.

This document specifies tolerances on dimensions and shape for continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate/sheet and strip with a maximum width of 2 200 mm and a maximum thickness of 25 mm of non-alloy and alloy steels in accordance with Table 1 (see also Annex B). This document also applies to hot-rolled strip for cold rolling.
Table 1 - Field of application
[...table not represented...]
NOTE 1   This document does not apply to:
-   hot-rolled strip rolled in widths w < 600 mm (see EN 10048);
-   hot-rolled patterned steel strip and plate/sheet cut from wide strip (EN 10363);
-   uncoated or electrolytically coated cold rolled sheet and strip (see EN 10131);
-   hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip (EN 10143);
-   stainless steels.
NOTE 2   This document can also be used for steels from other standards, e. g. steels for shipbuilding.

This document specifies requirements for hot dip galvanized reinforcing steel in the form of products which meet the requirements of EN 10080 and subjected, where appropriate, to further processing, e.g. bars, bent bars, stirrups, products straightened from coils, products cut from bars, welded structures and any other components fabricated for use in the reinforcement of concrete.
This document does not apply to hot dip galvanized reinforcement for prestressing or components of these reinforcements.

This European Standard is intended to define the test methods used for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel sheet and strip:
—   edge wave (wave factor);
—   residual curvature;
—   edge camber;
—   deviation from the shearing line due to internal stresses;
—   burr height of cut edges.
This European Standard applies to electrical steel sheet and strip intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Clauses B2, C21 and C22 of IEC 60404-1:2000.

This document applies to patented cold drawn unalloyed steel wire of circular cross-section for the manufacture of mechanical springs for static duty and dynamic duty applications.
General technical delivery requirements can be found in EN 10021.

This document describes the mechanical testing methods, relevant for self-bonding coating assemblies with non-oriented electrical steels. In particular, it describes the mechanical testing methods, sample preparation, calibration methods, necessary to obtain reliable results that can be considered a reference for quality evaluation.
This document applies only to self-bonding coatings of non-oriented electrical steels.

This document lists the chemical composition of stainless steels, which are subdivided in accordance with their main properties into corrosion resistant steels, heat resistant steels and creep resistant steels (see Annex C) and specified in the European Standards given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Overview of material standards for stainless steels
(...)
Reference data on some physical properties are given in Annex E, Tables E.1 to E.8.
Empirical formulae for steel grade microstructure classification and pitting resistance ranking are given in Annex D.
NOTE 1   A matrix that shows which steels are included in which standard is given in Annex B.
NOTE 2   Valve steels are specified in EN 10090.
NOTE 3   Steel castings are specified in various European Standards (see Bibliography).
NOTE 4   Tool steels are specified in EN ISO 4957.
NOTE 5   Welding consumables are specified in various European Standards (see Bibliography).

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, hot or cold formed bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of standard grades and special grades of corrosion resistant stainless steels for general purposes.
NOTE   General purposes include the use of stainless steels in contact with foodstuffs.
The general technical delivery conditions specified in EN 10021 apply in addition to the specifications of this document, unless otherwise specified in this document.
This document does not apply to components manufactured by further processing of the product forms listed above with quality characteristics altered as a result of such further processing.

This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE   This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a)   the tensile strength of cast samples,
b)   if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c)   the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].

This document provides requirements for the statistical distribution of material properties and dimensional parameters of structural steel products, allowing the proof of consistency of the safety approach of the properties of the product standards compared to those of the design standards for the design of steel buildings. It also describes the evaluation procedures for the verification of the compliance of structural steels with these requirements.
This document applies for the following structural steel products intended for buildings: hot rolled and welded I- and H-sections, hot rolled plates rolled on a reversing mill, sheets/plates cut from hot-rolled wide strip and hot finished and cold formed welded structural hollow sections.
It is intended to be used as a background document to support the assessment of the partial factors for steel constructions (as detailed in EN 1993-1-1).
This document can be used for neither product ordering nor certification.
NOTE   The background of statistical requirements on mechanical properties and geometrical parameters is detailed in EN 1993-1-1:2022, Annex E.

This document specifies round and shaped non alloyed steel wire for use in the manufacture of ropes for mine hoisting, man-riding haulage, cableways for the transportation of passengers and other high duty applications. Heavy duty refers to situations where the stresses applied to the rope are either high or vary by a large amount during service.
This document refers to round wires and three types of shaped wire: full lock (Z), half lock (H) and trapezoidal (T).
It does not apply to steel wire taken from manufactured ropes.
This document specifies the following for cold drawn non alloyed steel wire for ropes for high duty applications:
-   dimensional tolerances;
-   mechanical characteristics;
-   requirements relating to the chemical composition of the steel wire;
-   conditions to be satisfied by any coating.

This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for welded cold sized steel tubes of circular cross section with specified outside diameter D ≤ 193,7 mm and of square and of rectangular cross section for precision applications.
This document can also be applied to welded cold sized tube with other cross section shapes.
Tubes according to this document are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified maximum surface roughness. Typical fields of application are in the automotive, furniture and general engineering industries.

This document applies to bright steel products in the drawn, turned or ground condition delivered in straight lengths. This document is mainly applied to stainless steels of EN 10088-3 and other product standards, e.g. tool steels, roller bearing steels.
This document can also be used for cold heading steels in the form of bars and wire; in case of wire, the thickness and tolerances apply but not the length and the straightness.
The non-alloy and alloy steels of EN 10277 are no longer included.
This document does not cover cold rolled products and cut lengths produced from strip or sheet by cutting.

This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE     This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for five groups of wrought ball and roller bearing steels as listed in Table 3, namely
—     through-hardening bearing steels (steels with about 1 % C and 1 % to 2 % Cr),
—     case-hardening bearing steels,
—     induction-hardening bearing steels (unalloyed and alloyed),
—     stainless bearing steels, and
—     high-temperature bearing steels.
This document is applicable to the products and heat-treatment conditions given in Table 1 and the surface conditions given in Table 2.

This document applies to cold rolled non-coated low carbon steel flat products in rolled widths equal to or over 600 mm and in thicknesses equal to or less than 3 mm, delivered in sheet, wide strip, slit wide strip or cut lengths obtained from slit wide strip or sheet.
It does not apply to cold rolled narrow strip (rolling width < 600 mm) or to cold rolled flat products for which there is a specific standard, in particular the following:
-   cold-rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming (EN 10130);
-   cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip delivered in fully processed state (EN 10106);
-   cold rolled electrical non-alloy and alloy steel sheet and strip delivered in the semi-processed state (EN 10341);
-   cold reduced blackplate (EN 10205);
-   steel sheet and strip for welded gas cylinders (EN 10120);
-   cold-rolled uncoated non-alloy mild steel narrow strip for cold forming (EN 10139);
-   cold-rolled structural steels for general purposes;
-   cold-rolled flat products made of high yield strength for cold forming (EN 10268).

This document specifies the requirement for coating mass, other properties and testing of zinc and zinc alloy coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other section.

X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) has been used for several decades as an important analytical tool for production analysis. XRF is characterised by its speed and high precision over a wide concentration range and since the technique in most cases is used as an relative method the limitations are often connected to the quality of the calibration samples. The technique is well established and most of its physical properties are well known.