IBLP - Paints and varnishes

This document specifies the general principles of rotational and oscillatory rheometry.
Detailed information is presented in Annex A. Further background information is covered in subsequent
parts of the ISO 3219 series, which are currently in preparation.

This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for five types of linseed
stand oil suitable for paints and varnishes.

This document specifies general terms and definitions that are used in the context of rotational and
oscillatory rheometry.
Further terms and definitions can be found in the other parts of the ISO 3219 series where they are
used.

This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid
product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the
temperature(s) specified e.g. in regulations.
NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based
on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the
substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s).
The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents,
petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted
surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard
of a product.

This document specifies technical requirements for steel cut wire shot abrasives in 13 kinds of specifications and grades including hardness, apparent density, defect, metallographic structure and chemical composition.
This part is suitable for steel cut wire shot supplied for blast-cleaning processes which is made by cutting cold drawn wire.
The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the “new” condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning are given in the various parts ISO 11125.
Steel cut wire shot is recyclable and reusable abrasives, and it can be applied for both fixed and field
spray equipment.

This part of EN 12206 specifies requirements and the corresponding methods of test relating to the organic coating of aluminium and aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for architectural purposes, using coating powders. It also describes:
a)   the pretreatment of the substrate prior to the coating process;
b)   the coating powder;
c)   the coating process;
d)   the final product.
Each item is dealt with separately in this part of EN 12206 so that any interested party can ensure compliance appropriate to its area of responsibility.
CAUTION - The procedures described in this standard are intended to be carried out by suitably trained and/or supervised personnel. The substances and procedures used in this method may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. Attention is drawn in the text to specific hazards. This standard refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety.

This document defines terms relating to the evaluation of coating materials in research, development
and production with regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes and error analysis.
This document also specifies methods for the preparation of test panels and the subsequent
measurement of film thickness, colour, surface texture and other measurable surface properties.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the apparent density of non-metallic blastcleaning
abrasives.
This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic
abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on
non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.

This document specifies a test procedure for assessing the scratch resistance of organic paint
coatings, in particular paint coatings used in the automotive industry (i.e. for assessing their carwash
resistance). Machine-based washing is simulated in the laboratory environment using a rotating
brush and synthetic dirt. The test conditions have been designed to be as close as possible to the real
conditions in a car-wash. If the test parameters are suitably chosen, the method can also be used for
testing protective plastics films and plastics components

This document specifies a method for the determination of the level of free moisture present in nonmetallic
blast-cleaning abrasives. It is determined by measuring the mass lost on heating.
This document is one of a number of parts of ISO 11127 dealing with the sampling and testing of nonmetallic
abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International
Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in
Annex A.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the particle size distribution of non-metallic
blast-cleaning abrasives by sieving.
This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic
abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on
non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.

This document specifies a method for the sampling of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives from
consignments and for the subdivision of the sample into quantities suitable for undertaking the
appropriate test methods specified in ISO 11127-2, ISO 11127-3, ISO 11127-4, ISO 11127-5, ISO 11127-6
and ISO 11127-7.
This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic
abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements for each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on
non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex B.

This document specifies requirements and methods of test for liquid epoxy paints and internal coatings of such paints in steel pipes and fittings for the conveyance of non-corrosive gas. It also deals with the application of the paint. Other paints or paint systems are not excluded provided they comply with the requirements given in this document. The coating consists of one layer, which is normally shop-applied on blast-cleaned steel by airless spray or other suitable spraying techniques. The applied and cured paint film must be smooth to give the desired reduction in friction. Brush application is only used for small repair jobs.

This document specifies methods for exposing coatings to fluorescent UV lamps, heat and water in
apparatus designed to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed in
actual end-use environments to daylight, or to daylight through window glass.
The coatings are exposed to different types of fluorescent UV lamps under controlled environmental
conditions (temperature, humidity and/or water). Different types of fluorescent UV lamp can be used to
meet all the requirements for testing different materials.
Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other ISO documents for specific
materials.
General guidance is given in ISO 16474-1.
NOTE Fluorescent UV lamp exposures for plastics are described in ISO 4892-3.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of a coating to scratches introduced by a usually hand-held loaded stylus.
The test can be carried out using a point stylus (method A) or using a disc stylus (method B).
Both methods are generally applicable and can be used in the field as well as on curved surfaces. Method A can also be applied on small test specimens (minimum dimensions 30 mm × 50 mm).
The test can be carried out as a "pass/fail" test (test requirement I) or as a classification test (test requirement II).

This document specifies a method for the determination of the water content of water-borne coating materials and their raw materials by using a gas chromatograph. The preferred working range of this test method is from a water mass fraction of 15 % to a water mass fraction of 90 % but the method can be applied outside of this range.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of a coating to rubbing by means of a loaded abrasive material which is linearly moved over the surface to be tested.
The method can also be applied to different material surfaces, such as plastics and metals.

This document specifies a method to determine the solar reflectance of coating systems using a spectrophotometer with a wide spectral range (300 nm to 2 500 nm) and global solar radiation.
This document is applicable to coating systems.

This document specifies a method for the gas-chromatographic determination of the solvents in water-thinnable paints and varnishes, binder solutions, emulsions and dispersions.
With the precision stated in Clause 13, single components above 0,02 % (mass fraction) can be determined quantitatively.
The method defined in this document is not applicable for the determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC) content.
NOTE For the determination of VOC and SVOC, see ISO 11890‑2[2].

This document specifies three methods for testing the peel adhesion, peel strength and tensile lap-shear strength in order to evaluate the adhesive bond as well as the type, location and structure of failures of elastic adhesives on coatings. These methods are used, for example, for testing the assembly with respect to the bond of panes or built-on parts, such as plastic covers, spoilers, instrument panel covers, headlights, with coatings for automobile construction. The two methods of climatic exposure of specimens described herein are the condensation test and cataplasm storage.
This document does not specify requirements for adhesives and coatings.
NOTE The peel strength test (method B) for rigid car body construction adhesives is described in ISO 8510‑2. The tensile lap-shear strength test (method C) for rigid car body construction adhesives is described in EN 1465. Testing of rigid car body construction adhesives is generally conducted on small joint thicknesses, i.e. <1 mm.

This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the image clarity on paint films (coatings) by measuring reflection from the specimen surface or transmission through the specimen.
The method can be applied only to a flat surface.

This document specifies the properties and requirements for demineralized water used as solvent for paints and varnishes industrial applications, e.g. production of electro-deposition coating materials, water-based coating materials, water-based resins and plastics dispersions.
This document is not applicable to water for analytical use.
NOTE See ISO 3696.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of non-volatile matter of coatings directly after application or after intermediate or final drying. In practice, the determination of volatile matter is applied particularly in regard to water-thinnable coatings which are re-coated with an additional coating material.
Furthermore, the method can be used to compare the efficiency of different application and drying methods.
The content of non-volatile or volatile matter of a product after application is no absolute variable but depends on the application and drying conditions applied during the test. Consequently, applying this method gives only relative values and not the real values for the content of non-volatile matter, due to solvent retention, thermal decomposition and evaporation of low-molecular contents.

This document specifies a method for determining the settling of coating materials. It is used to determine short-time settling, e.g. during transport or in an electro-deposition bath.

This document specifies a method for identifying entry marks, which can occur during electro-deposition coating. Entry marks can often occur in the form of streaks when the workpiece, either set as cathode or anode, is immersed in the electro-deposition tank under applied electric potential (relation of voltage and current). These marks occur parallel to the bath surface on the objects to be coated.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the throwing power of electro-deposition coating materials.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

The document specifies a method for the determination of the compatibility of electro-deposition coating materials with a reference oil.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document defines terms for electro-deposition coatings.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies three different methods of electro-deposition coating material contamination with liquid, paste-like and solid foreign materials.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for the determination of soiling material, e.g. from previous processes, non-dispersed paint particles and other foreign material in the electro-deposition coating material.
It is applicable to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.
In practice, increased sieve residue can have different causes, such as metal particles, which are introduced together with the object to be coated, or clots.

This document specifies a series of preparation grades for steel surfaces after removal/partial removal of water-soluble contaminants, rust, previous paint coatings and other foreign matter by high-pressure water jetting. The various grades are defined by written descriptions together with photographs that are representative examples within the tolerances for each grade as described in words.
This document specifies both initial surface conditions and after-cleaning flash rust grades, also defined by written descriptions together with representative photographic examples.
This document applies the cleanliness of the surface to its visual appearance.
Consideration in addition to visual appearance is given to invisible contaminants and roughness or profile. Physical and chemical methods for testing for soluble salts and other invisible contaminants on the visually clean surface are found in the ISO 8502 series. The roughness or profile characteristics of the surface are found in the ISO 8503 series.

This document specifies a method of assessing of whether a non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive has a
minimum hardness of 6 on Mohs' scale.
This document is a part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic
abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 and ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on
non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. Information on all parts of both series is given in Annex A.
NOTE The test described in this document is a pass/fail test and is not a method for the accurate
determination of hardness.

This document provides an overview for selecting the most suitable test method regarding the evaluation of the hardness and the wear resistance of coatings.
Annex A gives a summarized list of test methods for the evaluation of the hardness and of the wear resistance of coatings for different stresses.
Methods for testing cross-linking (wear test in connection with solvents) and abrasion tests with multiple impacts are not covered by this document.

This document summarises the common methods for evaluating the adhesive strength of coatings on a substrate, which can be another coating beneath or the substrate itself. The test methods and evaluation methods are described in Clauses 4, 5, and 6. In the case of standardized test methods the respective standard is referenced in regard to procedure and evaluation. Annex A compares the methods in the synoptic Tables A.1, A.2, and A.3.
Often the adhesive strength cannot be sufficiently evaluated by means of a single method.
The purely physical methods for measuring the adhesive strength are such in which mechanical quantities (e.g. force or torsion moment) are measured directly.
All other methods are based on the evaluation of behaviour under mechanic stress according to practical conditions. For these methods the viscoelastic properties have a wide influence on the evaluation of the adhesive strength, so that it can only be tested comparatively within one method.
Each method has its specific application. An unsuitable method can lead to false information. All of the test methods for the evaluation of the adhesive strength require a certain routine of the test person, especially in regard to identifying the separation line. For most of the test methods the test results, among other things, depend on the film thickness of the coating to be tested. In addition, for several methods differences between tests on a test sheet and in practice can occur, due to different roughness of the substrate.
Effects of delamination caused by weathering or corrosion influences are not subject of this document.
In case cohesion failures predominantly occur during an adhesive strength test, this is no measure for the adhesive strength. However, information can be given on the protective effect of the coating against corrosion.

This document specifies procedures for the sampling of paints and varnishes, including coating
powders, and raw materials used in their manufacture. Such products include liquids and materials
which, without undergoing chemical modification, are capable of being liquefied when heated up, and
powdered, granulated and pasty materials. Samples can be taken from containers, for example cans,
drums, tanks, tank wagons or ships' tanks, as well as from barrels, sacks, big-bags, silos or silo wagons
or conveyor belts.
This document does not deal with the sample preparation for testing or reduction of the samples thus
taken, which is dealt with in ISO 1513.

This document specifies the conditions to take into consideration when selecting the type of natural
weathering and the natural weathering procedure to determine the resistance of coatings or coating
systems (direct weathering or weathering behind window glass).
Natural weathering is used to determine the resistance of coatings or coating systems (denoted in this
document by coatings) to the sun's radiation and the atmosphere.
This document does not take into account special atmospheric influences, e.g. industrial pollution.

This document specifies a test method for assessing the resistance of paint coatings and varnishes
(including wood stains) to separation from substrates when a right-angle lattice pattern is cut into
the coating, penetrating through to the substrate. The property determined by this empirical test
procedure depends, among other factors, on the adhesion of the coating to either the preceding coat or
the substrate. This procedure is not, however, a means of measuring adhesion.
NOTE 1 Where a measurement of adhesion is required, see the method described in ISO 4624.
NOTE 2 Although the test is primarily intended for use in the laboratory, the test is also suitable for field
testing.
The method described can be used either as a pass/fail test or, where circumstances are appropriate,
as a six-step classification test. When applied to a multi-coat system, assessment of the resistance to
separation of individual layers of the coating from each other can be made.
The test can be carried out on finished objects and/or on specially prepared test specimens.
Although the method is applicable to paint on hard (e.g. metal) and soft (e.g. wood and plaster)
substrates, these different substrates need a different test procedure (see Clause 8).
The method is not suitable for coatings of total thickness greater than 250 μm or for textured coatings.
NOTE 3 The method, when applied to coatings designed to give a rough patterned surface, will give results
which will show too much variation (see also ISO 16276-2).

This document specifies a field method for the assessment of the surface density of various water-soluble
salts on steel surfaces, before and/or after surface preparation, by conductometric determination. The
individual surface densities of the salt composition like chlorides, sulphates, sodium, etc, cannot be
determined by this method.
This method assesses only contaminants that forms an electrolyte (ions) when in contact with water.
These represent the greater part of the contaminants.

This document specifies a titrimetric method for determining the hydroxyl groups in resins and binders for paints and varnishes.
This method is primarily suitable for neutral media. Acidic products provide higher values; neutral products provide, through neutralization of the acidic carbamates, lower values. For these products, preliminary tests are performed to ensure the applicability of the method.

This document specifies the test methods for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin)
and similar materials by means of ring-and-ball apparatus.
Both manual and automated methods are specified, the automated method being the reference method.

This document specifies a method for determining the fineness of grind of paints, inks and related
products by use of a suitable gauge, graduated in micrometres.
It is applicable to all types of liquid paints and related products, except products containing pigments in
flake form (e.g. glass flakes, micaceous iron oxides, zinc flakes).

This document is applicable for the determination of VOC and SVOC with an expected VOC and/or SVOC content greater than 0,01 % by mass up to 100 % by mass.
The method given in ISO 11890-1 is used when the VOC is greater than 15 % by mass. This document (method ISO 11890-2) applies when the system contains VOC and SVOC as the VOC result of ISO 11890-1 can be influenced by the SVOC. For VOC content smaller than 0,1 %, the head space method described in ISO 17895 is used as an alternative. ISO 11890-1 and ISO 17895 cannot be used for the determination of the SVOC content.
NOTE 1 Some ingredients of coating materials and their raw materials can decompose during analysis and cause artificial VOC and/or SVOC signals. When determining VOC and/or SVOC for coating materials and their raw materials, these signals are artefacts of the method and are not taken into account (examples are given in Annex B).
This method assumes that the volatile matter is either water or organic. However, other volatile inorganic compounds can be present and might need to be quantified by another suitable method and allowed for in the calculations. The method defined in this document is not applicable for determination of water content.
NOTE 2 If organic acids or bases and their corresponding salts are present in the coating material or its raw materials, the amount that is quantified by this method might not be accurate due to a change in the acid or base equilibrium.

This European Standard describes a laboratory method for testing foam adhesion to an organic coating on a metallic substrate under dry and wet conditions.

This Part of EN 13523 specifies test procedures for assessing the effect of chemicals on the characteristics of an organic coating on a metallic substrate. It covers testing by using defined substances and to assess the change in characteristics such as discoloration, change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling and loss of adhesion. Assessment of other phenomena may be agreed between the interested parties.

This Part of EN 13523 defines terms of the procedure for determining the adhesion of an organic coating to a metallic substrate after indentation after slow deformation.
The resistance to cracking may also be evaluated.

This document specifies a method of extracting, for analysis, water soluble contaminants from a surface by use of flexible cells in the form of adhesive patches or sleeves which can be attached to any surface, regardless of its shape (flat or curved) and its orientation (facing in any direction, including downwards).
The method described is suitable for use in the field to determine the presence of water soluble contaminants before painting or a similar treatment.
This document does not cover the subsequent analysis of the contaminants that have been dissolved.
Methods of analysis suitable for field use are described in other parts of ISO 8502.
NOTE The extraction method might give a false negative or not take all the water-soluble material off the surface because of: a) Soluble materials hiding in the crevices or under folds of metal; b) Soluble materials under corrosion layers, passivation layers produced by corrosion inhibitors, oil, grease, or other non-visible thin films.

EN-ISO 15091 specifies a method for determining the electrical conductivity and the electrical resistance of coating materials. The conductivity is usually measured for water-borne paints and varnishes, including electrodeposition coating materials, and the resistance is usually measured for solvent-borne paints and varnishes. If required, the resistivity of the coating material is calculated from either of these measurements. The method is applicable to products having a conductivity less than 5 μS/cm, corresponding to a resistivity greater than 200 kO·cm. The conductivity of coating materials influences their processibility in the presence of an electric field. This is particularly important for electrodeposition paints and coating materials which are processed electrostatically.

ISO 19403-3:2017 specifies a test method to measure the surface tension of liquids with an optical method using the pendant drop. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials. The applicability can be restricted for liquids with non-Newtonian rheology[1].
NOTE For other methods to determine the surface tension, see e.g. EN 14370 and ISO 1409.
[1] This term is defined in DIN 1342-1.

ISO 19396-1:2017 specifies a method for laboratory measurement of the pH value of polymer dispersions and coating materials using pH electrodes with a glass membrane.

ISO 19403-2:2017 specifies a test method to measure the contact angle for the determination of the surface free energy of a solid surface. The method can be applied for the characterization of substrates and coatings.
NOTE 1 For the determination of the surface free energy of polymers and coatings, either the method in accordance with Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble or the method in accordance with Wu is used preferably.
NOTE 2 The morphological and chemical homogeneity have an influence on the measuring results.
NOTE 3 The procedures indicated in ISO 19403-2:2017 are based on the state-of-the-art employing the drop projection method in penumbral shadow. Other methods are not excluded.
NOTE 4 Measuring the contact angle on powders is not part of ISO 19403-2:2017. For further information, see the bibliography.